EP1017078A1 - Pyrotechnically operated electrical switch - Google Patents

Pyrotechnically operated electrical switch Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1017078A1
EP1017078A1 EP99403071A EP99403071A EP1017078A1 EP 1017078 A1 EP1017078 A1 EP 1017078A1 EP 99403071 A EP99403071 A EP 99403071A EP 99403071 A EP99403071 A EP 99403071A EP 1017078 A1 EP1017078 A1 EP 1017078A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
contactor according
electrical contact
electric contactor
electrical
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Granted
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EP99403071A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1017078B1 (en
Inventor
Christian Forys
Bernard Lallemant
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Pyroalliance SA
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Pyroalliance SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current

Definitions

  • the technical field of the invention is that of electrical contactors, especially those used in electric power motors with batteries and used to power cars or space vehicles such as satellites.
  • the present invention relates more specially to a functioning electrical contactor pyrotechnic allowing, in the event of an anomaly, to open the electrical circuit upstream of the battery element defective and to close a bypass circuit, to isolate the faulty battery cell while ensuring the continuity of the electrical circuit.
  • This kind of contactor intervenes to avoid an electric motor to systematically break down in case of bad operation of one of its battery cells.
  • a first type of contactor is described in the US patent US 3,885,223. It is a contactor electric with pyrotechnic operation equipped in one of its chambers with a flattened section tube. When this contactor has not yet operated, it closes a circuit through the surface outside of the tube casing, at both furthest points from the flattened closed section. During operation, the combustion gases invade the tube and generate pressure such that the tube will deform and acquire a section circular.
  • the electrical contactor described in the patent European EP 0 665 566 is also operational pyrotechnic. It involves a gas generator whose function is to move a conductive part in contact with another conductive part in order to separate to interrupt the electric current.
  • the electrical contactors that can enter the scope of electric motors fitted with batteries and which have the dual function of opening a electrical circuit and close another so quasi-simultaneous, must have two characteristics sought by the skilled person: they must, of a on the one hand, act in an extremely short time and, on the other hand, be non dissipative, that is to say that the resistance of the active circuit and particularly, the contact resistance should be minimized to avoid, as much as possible, dissipation of energy by the Joule effect, while the resistance of the inactivated circuit is infinite.
  • the contactor according to the invention responds to this double requirement.
  • the downstream part comprises three points of electrical contact and the piston whose part conductive connects the first electrical contact point at the second point of electrical contact can move under the effect of the pressure generated by the gases from combustion of the pyrotechnic initiation device to come and connect the second point of contact electrical at the third electrical contact point.
  • the piston is entirely made of solid insulating material.
  • the hollow body is a tube elongate.
  • the contact points electric are located in the side wall of the downstream part of the tube.
  • the contact points are made up of conductive pads.
  • the three studs are fixed, aligned and evenly spaced, and the piston undergoes a translational movement in the downstream part when is subjected to the pressure of the combustion gases from the pyrotechnic initiation device.
  • the conductive part of the piston consists of a plate constantly remaining in contact with at least two pads during its movement and which, at a given instant of said movement, is momentarily connected to the three pads.
  • the opening of the first circuit takes place while the electric current is already flowing in the second circuit making it possible to avoid, for a short time, the simultaneous opening of the two electric circuits.
  • the downstream part of the tube has a conical free end allowing the piston set in motion by the combustion gases to complete its course by fretting in said conical end. In this way, the piston remains frozen in this position without risk of returning to the downstream part.
  • the initiation device pyrotechnic is screwed into the upstream part of the tube elongate.
  • each conductive pad is inserted in an insulating structure attached to the wall of the downstream part of the tube.
  • each conductive pad is inserted into a hollow insulating screw screwed into the wall of the downstream part of the elongated tube.
  • each stud as well as the plate are made of copper-based material.
  • the hollow body is made of light alloy based aluminum.
  • the device of pyrotechnic initiation is built from a hot wire initiator of the type used in the large automobile series.
  • the charge pyrotechnic of said initiator is constituted by a oxy-reducing ignition composition.
  • the contactor according to the invention has the advantage of being light, simple in design and reduced dimensions.
  • the parts involved in the operation of the contactor mechanism are stressed moderate friction. Also, their displacement does not requires only a small amount of pyrotechnic material at the level of the initiator, and their mechanical strength can be provided by a lightweight material.
  • the contactor when it is in the switching phase, permanently circulates the electric current in either of the two electrical circuits thus avoiding a total cut and momentary which could cause phenomena unwanted parasites with unpredictable consequences on the circuit.
  • Another advantage provided by the invention is the non-dissipative nature of the contactor translating by the absence of energy dissipation by Joule effect.
  • Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a contactor according to the invention which has not yet worked.
  • Figure 2 is a cross section along the plan II-II of a contactor according to the invention.
  • FIG 3 is a longitudinal section of the contactor which is shown in Figure 1 and which has carried out the switching.
  • an electrical contactor 1 according to the invention consists of a hollow body 2 made of a light alloy based on aluminum and having a substantially cylindrical downstream portion extended by an enlarged cylindrical upstream portion 11, the two parts being in the extension of one another and in communication with each other.
  • the enlarged cylindrical part 11 has a threaded bore and has at one of its ends a circular face 12 having an opening in its center.
  • the pyrotechnic initiation device 3 has the form of a screw having an enlarged hexagonal head 13 and a body cylindrical threaded and is built from an initiator hot wire commonly used in mass production automotive and including a pyrotechnic charge gas generator like those formed, by example, of a redox ignition composition.
  • the pyrotechnic initiation device 3 is screwed until head 13 comes into abutment against the face circular 12.
  • a circular joint wedged between the body of the pyrotechnic initiation device 3 and the wall internal of the upstream part of the hollow body 2 ensures good sealing of said upstream part 11 with respect to the ambient.
  • the substantially cylindrical downstream part has a projecting flat part, of rectangular shape 14, acting as a platform and comprising three identical threads, aligned along the axis of the hollow body 2 and regularly spaced, said threads communicating the downstream part of the hollow body 2 with the outside of contactor 1.
  • Three hollow insulating screws 10, 30, 40, and threaded on their external cylindrical surface are screwed into the threads and are intended to receive and firmly hold cylindrical conductive pads 5, 6, 7 each ending in an enlarged cylindrical flat head 15 , 25, 35 of diameter greater than the diameter of the bores of said hollow screws 10, 30, 40.
  • the downstream part of the hollow body 2 which delimits a substantially cylindrical space, contains a piston 4 monobloc comprising two cylindrical end portions slightly smaller in diameter than said space cylindrical and one of which is closest to the device pyrotechnic initiation 3, has at its periphery and stuck against the inner wall of the downstream part of the hollow body 2 two parallel seals, 16, 17, and an intermediate part of regular section, reduced, in the shape of a circle segment, occupying partially the downstream part and thus providing space free 18 in said downstream part.
  • Piston 4 is made of insulating material.
  • the part intermediate of piston 4 has in its part central a shallow recess at the bottom of which is dug a straight groove along the axis of the downstream part, into which a part slides monobloc conductor.
  • Said piece makes it possible to distinguish a rectangular parallelepipedic conductive plate 8 rectangular and a conductive base 19.
  • Said base 19 which is also rectangular and shaped rectangular has a length less than that of plate 8 and is located in the central area of said plate 8 on its largest axis, perpendicular to it.
  • the one-piece conductive part a T-shaped section and on either side of this length, the section of said one-piece piece becomes that of the plate 8 which is rectangular.
  • the monobloc conductive part is placed in the part intermediate of piston 4 so that the plate 8 occupies the recess and the base 19 is found in the groove.
  • the height of the plate 8 corresponds to the depth of the recess, thus ensuring continuity between the surface of the intermediate part of the piston 4 and that of the plate 8.
  • the height of the base 19 being less than the depth of the groove, the width of the plate 8 being less than the diameter of the downstream part of the hollow body 2 and the plate 8 coming into abutment on either side of its length against the intermediate part of the piston 4, the part monobloc conductor is isolated from the hollow body 2.
  • the different elements involved in the game downstream are arranged so that the flat heads cylindrical 15, 25, 35 from each stud 5, 6, 7 emerge holes of the hollow screws 10, 30, 40, in the space free 18 of the downstream part and come into contact either of the intermediate part of the piston 4 or of the conductive plate 8 which are continuous one of the other.
  • the conductive pads 5, 6, 7 and the conductive plate are protected copper.
  • the free end 9 of the downstream part has a shape converging conical resulting in a narrowing progressive diameter as we approach the exit from said downstream part.
  • the two ends of the piston 4 each have a flat circular face and the length of said piston 4 is lower than that of the downstream part. He is separated of the pyrotechnic initiation device 3 through a space free 20 which serves as a gas expansion chamber when the initiation device 3 is triggered.
  • a sensor which is external to contactor 1, detects an abnormal voltage in the circuit, it is say a voltage outside the limits of the range of values for which it was programmed, and sends a electrical impulse to the initiation device pyrotechnic 3 causing its ignition. Gases from combustion expand in the free space 20 provided for this effect just upstream of the piston 4, and when the forces on the piston 4 due to the gas pressure are sufficiently large and exceed the efforts friction-resistant, said piston 4 is brought into movement and will slide in the downstream part of the body hollow 2.
  • the conductive plate 8 is in contact with first two conductive pads 5, 6 at their cylindrical flat heads 15, 25 closing the circuit charge / discharge of the battery.
  • the contactor 1 proposes a transitional phase for which the two circuits are temporarily closed before the opening of the first circuit. So the connection phase between the second pad 6 and the third pad 7 is not preceded by a prior phase of total shutdown and momentary electric current to avoid certain unwanted parasitic phenomena.
  • the heads 15, 25, 35 of the three conductive pads 5, 6, 7 are aligned and permanently in contact with the intermediate part piston 4, i.e. at the level of the conductive plate 8 or at the level of the piston 4 itself. It is to be specified that such a device works in less than five milliseconds since current application time nominal firing.

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  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Automotive Seat Belt Assembly (AREA)
  • Fuses (AREA)

Abstract

The gas combustion pyrotechnic electrical contactor has a pyrotechnic initiator (3) driving a piston (4). The piston is inside a tube (2) with three contact electrodes (5,6,7). Prior to initiation a conductor surface (8) connects two of the contact electrodes (5,6) together. Movement of the piston following initiation provides contact between all three contacts at a given instant, providing the switch response.

Description

Le domaine technique de l'invention est celui des contacteurs électriques, notamment ceux utilisés dans les moteurs à énergie électrique comportant des batteries et servant à propulser des automobiles ou des véhicules spatiaux tels que les satellites.The technical field of the invention is that of electrical contactors, especially those used in electric power motors with batteries and used to power cars or space vehicles such as satellites.

La présente invention se rapporte plus spécialement à un contacteur électrique à fonctionnement pyrotechnique permettant, en cas d'anomalie, d'ouvrir le circuit électrique en amont de l'élément de batterie défectueux et de fermer un circuit de dérivation, de façon à isoler l'élément de batterie défectueux tout en assurant la continuité du circuit électrique. Ce type de contacteur intervient pour éviter à un moteur électrique de tomber systématiquement en panne en cas de mauvais fonctionnement de l'un de ses éléments de batterie.The present invention relates more specially to a functioning electrical contactor pyrotechnic allowing, in the event of an anomaly, to open the electrical circuit upstream of the battery element defective and to close a bypass circuit, to isolate the faulty battery cell while ensuring the continuity of the electrical circuit. This kind of contactor intervenes to avoid an electric motor to systematically break down in case of bad operation of one of its battery cells.

Plusieurs sortes de contacteurs électriques à fonctionnement pyrotechnique ont déjà fait l'objet de brevets.Several kinds of electrical contactors pyrotechnic operation have already been the subject of patents.

Un premier type de contacteur est décrit dans le brevet américain US 3 885 223. Il s'agit d'un contacteur électrique à fonctionnement pyrotechnique doté dans l'une de ses chambres d'un tube à section aplatie. Lorsque ce contacteur n'a pas encore fonctionné, il ferme un circuit par l'intermédiaire de la surface externe de l'enveloppe du tube, au niveau des deux points les plus éloignés de la section fermée aplatie. En phase de fonctionnement, les gaz de combustion envahissent le tube et génèrent une pression telle que le tube va se déformer et acquérir une section circulaire.A first type of contactor is described in the US patent US 3,885,223. It is a contactor electric with pyrotechnic operation equipped in one of its chambers with a flattened section tube. When this contactor has not yet operated, it closes a circuit through the surface outside of the tube casing, at both furthest points from the flattened closed section. During operation, the combustion gases invade the tube and generate pressure such that the tube will deform and acquire a section circular.

Ainsi dans la direction où le tube s'est rétracté radialement les contacts électriques initiaux se sont rompus et, à l'inverse, dans la direction où il s'est expansé radialement deux nouveaux contacts électriques, diamétralement opposés, ont été établis. So in the direction where the tube retracted radially the initial electrical contacts have broken down and, conversely, in the direction it went radially expanded two new electrical contacts, diametrically opposed, have been established.

Le contacteur électrique décrit dans le brevet européen EP 0 665 566 est également à fonctionnement pyrotechnique. Il fait intervenir un générateur de gaz dont la fonction est de déplacer une pièce conductrice au contact d'une autre pièce conductrice afin de les séparer pour interrompre le courant électrique.The electrical contactor described in the patent European EP 0 665 566 is also operational pyrotechnic. It involves a gas generator whose function is to move a conductive part in contact with another conductive part in order to separate to interrupt the electric current.

Les contacteurs électriques pouvant entrer dans le champ d'application des moteurs électriques munis de batteries et qui ont la double fonction d'ouvrir un circuit électrique et d'en fermer un autre de façon quasi-simultanée, doivent posséder deux caractéristiques recherchées par l'homme du métier : ils doivent, d'une part, agir dans un temps extrêmement bref et, d'autre part, être non dissipatifs, c'est à dire que la résistance du circuit actif et particulièrement, la résistance des contacts doit être réduite au minimum pour éviter, autant que possible, la dissipation d'énergie par effet Joule, tandis que la résistance du circuit inactivé est infinie.The electrical contactors that can enter the scope of electric motors fitted with batteries and which have the dual function of opening a electrical circuit and close another so quasi-simultaneous, must have two characteristics sought by the skilled person: they must, of a on the one hand, act in an extremely short time and, on the other hand, be non dissipative, that is to say that the resistance of the active circuit and particularly, the contact resistance should be minimized to avoid, as much as possible, dissipation of energy by the Joule effect, while the resistance of the inactivated circuit is infinite.

Le contacteur selon l'invention répond à cette double exigence.The contactor according to the invention responds to this double requirement.

L'objet de la présente invention concerne un contacteur électrique, notamment pour batterie, constitué par un corps creux délimitant une partie amont dans laquelle est situé un dispositif d'initiation pyrotechnique et une partie aval dans laquelle est logé un piston, caractérisé en ce que

  • a - la partie aval comporte au moins trois points de contact électrique
  • b - le piston comportant une partie conductrice reliant initialement le premier point de contact électrique au deuxième point de contact électrique peut se déplacer sous l'effet de la pression générée par les gaz issus de la combustion du dispositif d'initiation pyrotechnique pour venir connecter au moins un autre point de contact électrique.
    • The object of the present invention relates to an electrical contactor, in particular for a battery, constituted by a hollow body delimiting an upstream part in which is located a pyrotechnic initiation device and a downstream part in which is housed a piston, characterized in that
  • a - the downstream part has at least three electrical contact points
  • b - the piston comprising a conductive part initially connecting the first electrical contact point to the second electrical contact point can move under the effect of the pressure generated by the gases resulting from the combustion of the pyrotechnic initiation device to connect to the minus another electrical contact point.

    • Selon un mode de réalisation préférée de l'invention, la partie aval comporte trois points de contact électrique et le piston dont la partie conductrice relie le premier point de contact électrique au deuxième point de contact électrique peut se déplacer sous l'effet de la pression générée par les gaz issus de la combustion du dispositif d'initiation pyrotechnique pour venir connecter le deuxième point de contact électrique au troisième point de contact électrique. Préférentiellement, à l'exception de sa partie conductrice, le piston est entièrement réalisé en matériau solide isolant.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the downstream part comprises three points of electrical contact and the piston whose part conductive connects the first electrical contact point at the second point of electrical contact can move under the effect of the pressure generated by the gases from combustion of the pyrotechnic initiation device to come and connect the second point of contact electrical at the third electrical contact point. Preferably, with the exception of its part conductive, the piston is entirely made of solid insulating material.

    Avantageusement, le corps creux est un tube allongé. De façon préférentielle, les points de contact électrique sont situés dans la paroi latérale de la partie aval du tube.Advantageously, the hollow body is a tube elongate. Preferably, the contact points electric are located in the side wall of the downstream part of the tube.

    De façon avantageuse, les points de contact électrique sont constitués par des plots conducteurs. Préférentiellement, les trois plots sont fixes, alignés et régulièrement espacés, et le piston subit un mouvement de translation dans la partie aval lorsqu'il est soumis à la pression des gaz de combustion issus du dispositif d'initiation pyrotechnique.Advantageously, the contact points are made up of conductive pads. Preferably, the three studs are fixed, aligned and evenly spaced, and the piston undergoes a translational movement in the downstream part when is subjected to the pressure of the combustion gases from the pyrotechnic initiation device.

    Avantageusement, la partie conductrice du piston est constituée par une plaquette demeurant constamment au contact d'au moins deux plots pendant son déplacement et qui, à un instant donné dudit déplacement, est momentanément connecté aux trois plots.
    Ainsi, l'ouverture du premier circuit s'effectue alors que le courant électrique circule déjà dans le deuxième circuit permettant d'éviter, pendant un bref délai, l'ouverture simultanée des deux circuits électriques.    Advantageously, the conductive part of the piston consists of a plate constantly remaining in contact with at least two pads during its movement and which, at a given instant of said movement, is momentarily connected to the three pads.
    Thus, the opening of the first circuit takes place while the electric current is already flowing in the second circuit making it possible to avoid, for a short time, the simultaneous opening of the two electric circuits.

    En effet, une interruption momentanée du courant électrique pourrait entraíner des phénomènes parasites indésirables comme, par exemple, une remise à zéro intempestive des organes fonctionnels alimentés.Indeed, a momentary interruption of the current electric could cause parasitic phenomena undesirable as, for example, a reset untimely functioning functional organs.

    De façon préférentielle, la partie aval du tube possède une extrémité libre conique permettant au piston mis en mouvement par les gaz de combustion de terminer sa course en se frettant dans ladite extrémité conique. De cette manière, le piston reste figé dans cette position sans risque de retour dans la partie aval.Preferably, the downstream part of the tube has a conical free end allowing the piston set in motion by the combustion gases to complete its course by fretting in said conical end. In this way, the piston remains frozen in this position without risk of returning to the downstream part.

    De façon avantageuse, le dispositif d'initiation pyrotechnique est vissé dans la partie amont du tube allongé.Advantageously, the initiation device pyrotechnic is screwed into the upstream part of the tube elongate.

    Préférentiellement, chaque plot conducteur est inséré dans une structure isolante rapportée dans la paroi de la partie aval du tube.Preferably, each conductive pad is inserted in an insulating structure attached to the wall of the downstream part of the tube.

    De façon préférentielle, chaque plot conducteur est inséré dans une vis creuse isolante vissée dans la paroi de la partie aval du tube allongé.Preferably, each conductive pad is inserted into a hollow insulating screw screwed into the wall of the downstream part of the elongated tube.

    Avantageusement, chaque plot ainsi que la plaquette sont en matériau à base de cuivre.Advantageously, each stud as well as the plate are made of copper-based material.

    Selon un mode de réalisation préférée de l'invention, le corps creux est en alliage léger à base d'aluminium.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the hollow body is made of light alloy based aluminum.

    De façon préférentielle, le dispositif d'initiation pyrotechnique est bâti à partir d'un initiateur à fil chaud du type de ceux utilisés dans la grande série automobile. De façon avantageuse, la charge pyrotechnique dudit initiateur est constituée par une composition d'allumage oxyréductrice.Preferably, the device of pyrotechnic initiation is built from a hot wire initiator of the type used in the large automobile series. Advantageously, the charge pyrotechnic of said initiator is constituted by a oxy-reducing ignition composition.

    Le contacteur selon l'invention présente l'avantage d'être léger, de conception simple et d'encombrement réduit. The contactor according to the invention has the advantage of being light, simple in design and reduced dimensions.

    Les pièces impliquées dans le fonctionnement du mécanisme du contacteur sont soumises à des efforts modérés de frottement. Aussi, leur déplacement ne requiert qu'une faible quantité de matière pyrotechnique au niveau de l'initiateur, et leur tenue mécanique peut être assurée par une réalisation en matériau léger.The parts involved in the operation of the contactor mechanism are stressed moderate friction. Also, their displacement does not requires only a small amount of pyrotechnic material at the level of the initiator, and their mechanical strength can be provided by a lightweight material.

    De plus, lorsqu'il est en phase de commutation, le contacteur assure en permanence la circulation du courant électrique dans l'un ou l'autre des deux circuits électriques évitant ainsi une coupure totale et momentanée qui pourrait entraíner des phénomènes parasites indésirables aux conséquences imprévisibles sur le circuit.In addition, when it is in the switching phase, the contactor permanently circulates the electric current in either of the two electrical circuits thus avoiding a total cut and momentary which could cause phenomena unwanted parasites with unpredictable consequences on the circuit.

    Enfin, un autre avantage procuré par l'invention est le caractère non dissipatif du contacteur se traduisant par l'absence de dissipation énergétique par effet Joule.Finally, another advantage provided by the invention is the non-dissipative nature of the contactor translating by the absence of energy dissipation by Joule effect.

    On donne ci-après une description détaillée d'un mode de réalisation préférée d'un contacteur selon l'invention en se référant aux figures 1, 2 et 3.A detailed description is given below of preferred embodiment of a contactor according to the invention with reference to Figures 1, 2 and 3.

    La figure 1 est une coupe longitudinale d'un contacteur selon l'invention n'ayant pas encore fonctionné.Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a contactor according to the invention which has not yet worked.

    La figure 2 est une coupe transversale selon le plan II-II d'un contacteur selon l'invention.Figure 2 is a cross section along the plan II-II of a contactor according to the invention.

    La figure 3 est une coupe longitudinale du contacteur qui est représenté à la figure 1 et qui a effectué la commutation.
    En se référant à la figure 1, un contacteur 1 électrique selon l'invention est constitué par un corps creux 2 fait dans un alliage léger à base d'aluminium et présentant une partie aval sensiblement cylindrique prolongée par une partie amont cylindrique élargie 11, les deux parties étant dans le prolongement l'une de l'autre et en communication entre elles.    Figure 3 is a longitudinal section of the contactor which is shown in Figure 1 and which has carried out the switching.
    Referring to Figure 1, an electrical contactor 1 according to the invention consists of a hollow body 2 made of a light alloy based on aluminum and having a substantially cylindrical downstream portion extended by an enlarged cylindrical upstream portion 11, the two parts being in the extension of one another and in communication with each other.

    La partie cylindrique élargie 11 présente un alésage fileté et possède à l'une de ses extrémités une face circulaire 12 ayant une ouverture en son centre. Le dispositif d'initiation pyrotechnique 3 a la forme d'une vis possédant une tête hexagonale élargie 13 et un corps cylindrique fileté et est bâti à partir d'un initiateur à fil chaud couramment utilisé dans la grande série automobile et comprenant une charge pyrotechnique génératrice de gaz comme celles constituées, par exemple, d'une composition d'allumage oxydoréductrice. Le dispositif d'initiation pyrotechnique 3 est vissé jusqu'à ce que la tête 13 vienne en butée contre la face circulaire 12. Un joint circulaire coincé entre le corps du dispositif d'initiation pyrotechnique 3 et la paroi interne de la partie amont du corps creux 2 assure une bonne étanchéité de ladite partie amont 11 vis à vis du milieu ambiant.The enlarged cylindrical part 11 has a threaded bore and has at one of its ends a circular face 12 having an opening in its center. The pyrotechnic initiation device 3 has the form of a screw having an enlarged hexagonal head 13 and a body cylindrical threaded and is built from an initiator hot wire commonly used in mass production automotive and including a pyrotechnic charge gas generator like those formed, by example, of a redox ignition composition. The pyrotechnic initiation device 3 is screwed until head 13 comes into abutment against the face circular 12. A circular joint wedged between the body of the pyrotechnic initiation device 3 and the wall internal of the upstream part of the hollow body 2 ensures good sealing of said upstream part 11 with respect to the ambient.

    La partie aval sensiblement cylindrique possède une partie plate saillante, de forme rectangulaire 14, faisant office de plate-forme et comportant trois taraudages, identiques, alignés suivant l'axe du corps creux 2 et régulièrement espacés, lesdits taraudages faisant communiquer la partie aval du corps creux 2 avec l'extérieur du contacteur 1.
    Trois vis creuses 10, 30, 40 isolantes, et filetées sur leur surface cylindrique externe sont vissées dans les taraudages et sont destinées à recevoir et à maintenir fermement des plots cylindriques conducteur 5, 6, 7 se terminant chacun par une tête plate cylindrique élargie 15, 25, 35 de diamètre supérieur au diamètre des alésages desdites vis creuses 10, 30, 40.    The substantially cylindrical downstream part has a projecting flat part, of rectangular shape 14, acting as a platform and comprising three identical threads, aligned along the axis of the hollow body 2 and regularly spaced, said threads communicating the downstream part of the hollow body 2 with the outside of contactor 1.
    Three hollow insulating screws 10, 30, 40, and threaded on their external cylindrical surface are screwed into the threads and are intended to receive and firmly hold cylindrical conductive pads 5, 6, 7 each ending in an enlarged cylindrical flat head 15 , 25, 35 of diameter greater than the diameter of the bores of said hollow screws 10, 30, 40.

    La partie aval du corps creux 2, qui délimite un espace sensiblement cylindrique, renferme un piston 4 monobloc comportant deux parties extrêmes cylindriques de diamètre légèrement inférieur à celui dudit espace cylindrique et dont l'une, la plus proche du dispositif d'initiation pyrotechnique 3, possède à sa périphérie et coincés contre la paroi interne de la partie aval du corps creux 2 deux joints d'étanchéité parallèles, 16, 17, et une partie intermédiaire de section régulière, réduite, en forme de segment de cercle, occupant partiellement la partie aval et ménageant donc un espace libre 18 dans ladite partie aval. Le piston 4 est réalisé en matériau isolant.The downstream part of the hollow body 2, which delimits a substantially cylindrical space, contains a piston 4 monobloc comprising two cylindrical end portions slightly smaller in diameter than said space cylindrical and one of which is closest to the device pyrotechnic initiation 3, has at its periphery and stuck against the inner wall of the downstream part of the hollow body 2 two parallel seals, 16, 17, and an intermediate part of regular section, reduced, in the shape of a circle segment, occupying partially the downstream part and thus providing space free 18 in said downstream part. Piston 4 is made of insulating material.

    En se référant aux figures 1 et 2, la partie intermédiaire du piston 4 possède dans sa partie centrale un évidement superficiel au fond duquel est creusée une rainure rectiligne suivant l'axe de la partie aval, dans laquelle vient se glisser une pièce conductrice monobloc. Ladite pièce permet de distinguer une plaquette 8 conductrice parallélépipèdique de forme rectangulaire et une base 19 conductrice. Ladite base 19 qui est également parallélépipédique et de forme rectangulaire possède une longueur inférieure à celle de la plaquette 8 et se situe dans la zone centrale de ladite plaquette 8 sur son plus grand axe, perpendiculairement à celle-ci. Autrement dit, sur toute la longueur de la base 19 la pièce conductrice monobloc une section en forme de T et, de part et d'autre de cette longueur, la section de ladite pièce monobloc devient celle de la plaquette 8 qui est rectangulaire. La pièce conductrice monobloc est placée dans la partie intermédiaire du piston 4 de manière à ce que la plaquette 8 occupe l'évidement et la base 19 se retrouve dans la rainure.Referring to Figures 1 and 2, the part intermediate of piston 4 has in its part central a shallow recess at the bottom of which is dug a straight groove along the axis of the downstream part, into which a part slides monobloc conductor. Said piece makes it possible to distinguish a rectangular parallelepipedic conductive plate 8 rectangular and a conductive base 19. Said base 19 which is also rectangular and shaped rectangular has a length less than that of plate 8 and is located in the central area of said plate 8 on its largest axis, perpendicular to it. In other words, on any the length of the base 19 the one-piece conductive part a T-shaped section and on either side of this length, the section of said one-piece piece becomes that of the plate 8 which is rectangular. The monobloc conductive part is placed in the part intermediate of piston 4 so that the plate 8 occupies the recess and the base 19 is found in the groove.

    La hauteur de la plaquette 8 correspond à la profondeur de l'évidement, assurant ainsi une continuité entre la surface de la partie intermédiaire du piston 4 et celle de la plaquette 8. La hauteur de la base 19 étant inférieure à la profondeur de la rainure, la largeur de la plaquette 8 étant inférieure au diamètre de la partie aval du corps creux 2 et la plaquette 8 venant en butée de part et d'autre de sa longueur contre la partie intermédiaire du piston 4, la pièce conductrice monobloc se trouve isolée du corps creux 2.The height of the plate 8 corresponds to the depth of the recess, thus ensuring continuity between the surface of the intermediate part of the piston 4 and that of the plate 8. The height of the base 19 being less than the depth of the groove, the width of the plate 8 being less than the diameter of the downstream part of the hollow body 2 and the plate 8 coming into abutment on either side of its length against the intermediate part of the piston 4, the part monobloc conductor is isolated from the hollow body 2.

    Les différents éléments intervenant dans la partie aval sont agencés de sorte que les têtes plates cylindriques 15, 25, 35 de chaque plot 5, 6, 7 émergent des alésages des vis creuses 10, 30, 40, dans l'espace libre 18 de la partie aval et viennent au contact soit de la partie intermédiaire du piston 4 soit de la plaquette conductrice 8 qui sont en continuité l'une de l'autre.The different elements involved in the game downstream are arranged so that the flat heads cylindrical 15, 25, 35 from each stud 5, 6, 7 emerge holes of the hollow screws 10, 30, 40, in the space free 18 of the downstream part and come into contact either of the intermediate part of the piston 4 or of the conductive plate 8 which are continuous one of the other.

    Les plots conducteurs 5, 6, 7 ainsi que la plaquette conductrice sont en cuivre protégé.The conductive pads 5, 6, 7 and the conductive plate are protected copper.

    L'extrémité libre 9 de la partie aval a une forme conique convergente se traduisant par un rétrécissement progressif du diamètre lorsque l'on se rapproche de la sortie de ladite partie aval.The free end 9 of the downstream part has a shape converging conical resulting in a narrowing progressive diameter as we approach the exit from said downstream part.

    Les deux extrémités du piston 4 comportent chacune une face circulaire plane et la longueur dudit piston 4 est inférieure à celle de la partie aval. Il est séparé du dispositif d'initiation pyrotechnique 3 par un espace libre 20 qui sert de chambre d'expansion des gaz lorsque le dispositif d'initiation 3 est déclenché.The two ends of the piston 4 each have a flat circular face and the length of said piston 4 is lower than that of the downstream part. He is separated of the pyrotechnic initiation device 3 through a space free 20 which serves as a gas expansion chamber when the initiation device 3 is triggered.

    Le principe de fonctionnement du contacteur 1 selon l'invention suit les étapes suivantes.The operating principle of contactor 1 according to the invention follows the following steps.

    Un senseur, qui est extérieur au contacteur 1, détecte une tension anormale dans le circuit, c'est à dire une tension en dehors des limites de la plage de valeurs pour laquelle il a été programmé, et envoie une impulsion électrique au dispositif d'initiation pyrotechnique 3 provoquant sa mise à feu. Les gaz de combustion s'expansent dans l'espace libre 20 prévu à cet effet juste en amont du piston 4, et lorsque les efforts sur le piston 4 dus à la pression gazeuse sont suffisamment importants et dépassent les efforts résistants de frottement, ledit piston 4 est mis en mouvement et va coulisser dans la partie aval du corps creux 2. Lorsque le piston 4 n'a pas encore amorcé sa course, la plaquette conductrice 8 est au contact des deux premiers plots conducteurs 5, 6 au niveau de leurs têtes plates cylindriques 15, 25 fermant le circuit de charge/ décharge de la batterie. Une fois que le piston 4 a commencé à se translater dans la partie aval, la plaquette conductrice 8 vient, dans un premier temps, au contact de la tête cylindrique plate 35 du troisième plot 7 alors que ladite plaquette 8 est toujours au contact du premier plot 5, puis, dans un deuxième temps, poursuit sa course en maintenant le contact entre le deuxième plot 6 et le troisième plot 7 mais en se déconnectant du premier plot 5. En se référant à la figure 3, le piston 4 termine son déplacement en se frettant dans l'extrémité conique 9 de la partie aval sans émerger de celle-ci, dans une position correspondant à la déconnexion du premier plot 5 et à la connexion du deuxième plot 6 avec le troisième plot 7. De cette manière, le contacteur 1 selon l'invention propose une phase transitoire pour laquelle les deux circuits sont momentanément fermés avant l'ouverture du premier circuit. Ainsi la phase de connexion entre le deuxième plot 6 et le troisième plot 7 n'est pas précédée d'une phase préalable de coupure totale et momentanée du courant électrique afin d'éviter certains phénomènes parasites indésirables.A sensor, which is external to contactor 1, detects an abnormal voltage in the circuit, it is say a voltage outside the limits of the range of values for which it was programmed, and sends a electrical impulse to the initiation device pyrotechnic 3 causing its ignition. Gases from combustion expand in the free space 20 provided for this effect just upstream of the piston 4, and when the forces on the piston 4 due to the gas pressure are sufficiently large and exceed the efforts friction-resistant, said piston 4 is brought into movement and will slide in the downstream part of the body hollow 2. When the piston 4 has not yet started its stroke, the conductive plate 8 is in contact with first two conductive pads 5, 6 at their cylindrical flat heads 15, 25 closing the circuit charge / discharge of the battery. Once the piston 4 began to translate in the downstream part, the conductive plate 8 comes, at first, to the contact of the flat cylindrical head 35 of the third pad 7 while said plate 8 is still at contact of the first pad 5, then, in a second step, continues its course by maintaining contact between the second pad 6 and the third pad 7 but disconnecting from the first stud 5. Referring to the Figure 3, the piston 4 finishes moving by hooping in the conical end 9 of the downstream part without emerging from it, in a position corresponding to the disconnection of the first pad 5 and to the connection of the second pad 6 with the third pad 7. In this way, the contactor 1 according to the invention proposes a transitional phase for which the two circuits are temporarily closed before the opening of the first circuit. So the connection phase between the second pad 6 and the third pad 7 is not preceded by a prior phase of total shutdown and momentary electric current to avoid certain unwanted parasitic phenomena.

    Lors de la phase de fonctionnement du contacteur 1 correspondant au déplacement du piston 4, les têtes 15, 25, 35 des trois plots conducteurs 5, 6, 7 sont alignées et en permanence au contact de la partie intermédiaire du piston 4, soit au niveau de la plaquette conductrice 8 soit au niveau du piston 4 lui-même. Il est à préciser qu'un tel dispositif fonctionne en moins de cinq millisecondes depuis le temps d'application du courant nominal de mise à feu.During contactor 1 operating phase corresponding to the displacement of the piston 4, the heads 15, 25, 35 of the three conductive pads 5, 6, 7 are aligned and permanently in contact with the intermediate part piston 4, i.e. at the level of the conductive plate 8 or at the level of the piston 4 itself. It is to be specified that such a device works in less than five milliseconds since current application time nominal firing.

    Claims (10)

    Contacteur électrique constitué par un corps creux (2) délimitant une partie amont dans laquelle est situé un dispositif d'initiation pyrotechnique (3) et une partie aval dans laquelle est logé un piston (4) et comportant trois points de contact électrique (5, 6, 7), ledit piston (4) comportant une partie conductrice (8) reliant initialement le premier point de contact électrique (5) au deuxième point de contact électrique (6), pouvant se déplacer sous l'effet de la pression générée par les gaz issus de la combustion du dispositif d'initiation pyrotechnique (3) pour venir connecter le deuxième point de contact électrique (6) au troisième point de contact électrique (7), caractérisé en ce que la partie conductrice (8) du piston (4) demeure constamment au contact d'au moins deux points de contact électrique pendant son déplacement et qui, à un instant donné dudit déplacement, est momentanément connecté aux trois points de contact électrique (5, 6, 7).Electric contactor consisting of a body hollow (2) delimiting an upstream part in which is located a pyrotechnic initiation device (3) and a downstream part in which is housed a piston (4) and comprising three electrical contact points (5, 6, 7), said piston (4) comprising a conductive part (8) initially connecting the first point of contact electrical (5) at the second electrical contact point (6), able to move under the effect of pressure generated by the gases from the combustion of the device pyrotechnic initiation (3) to connect the second electrical contact point (6) on the third electrical contact point (7), characterized in that the conductive part (8) of the piston (4) remains constantly in contact with at least two contact points electric during its movement and which, at a moment given said displacement, is momentarily connected to three electrical contact points (5, 6, 7). Contacteur électrique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le corps creux (2) est un tube allongé.Electric contactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the hollow body (2) is a tube elongate. Contacteur électrique selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les points de contact électrique (5, 6, 7) sont situés dans la paroi latérale de la partie aval du tube.Electric contactor according to claim 2, characterized in that the electrical contact points (5, 6, 7) are located in the side wall of the downstream part of the tube. Contacteur électrique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les points de contact électrique (5, 6, 7) sont constitués par des plots conducteurs. Electric contactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrical contact points (5, 6, 7) are constituted by conductive pads. Contacteur électrique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la partie conductrice (8) du piston (4) est constituée par une plaquette.Electric contactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the conductive part (8) of the piston (4) is constituted by a plate. Contacteur électrique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la partie aval du corps creux (2) possède une extrémité libre conique (9) permettant au piston (4) mis en mouvement par les gaz de combustion de terminer sa course en se frettant dans ladite extrémité conique (9).Electric contactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the downstream part of the hollow body (2) has a conical free end (9) allowing the piston (4) set in motion by the combustion gases of end its course by hooping in said end conical (9). Contacteur électrique selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que chaque plot conducteur (5, 6, 7) est inséré dans une structure isolante (10, 30, 40) rapportée dans la paroi de la partie aval du corps creux (2).Electric contactor according to claim 4, characterized in that each conductive pad (5, 6, 7) is inserted into an insulating structure (10, 30, 40) reported in the wall of the downstream part of the hollow body (2). Contacteur électrique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce que chaque plot (5, 6, 7) ainsi que la plaquette sont en matériau à base de cuivre.Electrical contactor according to any one claims 4 or 5, characterized in that each pad (5, 6, 7) and the plate are made of material copper base. Contacteur électrique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le corps creux (2) est en alliage léger à base d'aluminium.Electric contactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the hollow body (2) is made of an alloy lightweight aluminum base. Contacteur électrique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif d'initiation pyrotechnique (3) est bâti à partir d'un initiateur à fil chaud du type de ceux utilisés dans la grande série automobile.Electric contactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the initiation device pyrotechnic (3) is built from an initiator to hot wire of the type used in large series automobile.
    EP99403071A 1998-12-30 1999-12-08 Pyrotechnically operated electrical switch Expired - Lifetime EP1017078B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    FR9816613A FR2788165B1 (en) 1998-12-30 1998-12-30 ELECTRIC CONTACTOR WITH PYROTECHNIC OPERATION
    FR9816613 1998-12-30

    Publications (2)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP1017078A1 true EP1017078A1 (en) 2000-07-05
    EP1017078B1 EP1017078B1 (en) 2006-03-08

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    Family Applications (1)

    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP99403071A Expired - Lifetime EP1017078B1 (en) 1998-12-30 1999-12-08 Pyrotechnically operated electrical switch

    Country Status (6)

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    US (1) US6344788B1 (en)
    EP (1) EP1017078B1 (en)
    AT (1) ATE320078T1 (en)
    DE (1) DE69930233T2 (en)
    ES (1) ES2260896T3 (en)
    FR (1) FR2788165B1 (en)

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    EP2811548B1 (en) * 2013-06-07 2017-08-09 Autoliv Development AB Battery module disconnect arrangement
    EP2811549B1 (en) * 2013-06-07 2018-09-19 Autoliv Development AB Over-current responsive device
    DE102014110825A1 (en) * 2014-07-30 2014-09-18 Peter Lell Electrical switch, in particular for high voltages and / or high currents
    EP3836182B1 (en) * 2019-12-11 2023-03-08 ABB Schweiz AG A three-position disconnector switch

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    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    EP1017078B1 (en) 2006-03-08
    FR2788165A1 (en) 2000-07-07
    ES2260896T3 (en) 2006-11-01
    DE69930233D1 (en) 2006-05-04
    US6344788B1 (en) 2002-02-05
    ATE320078T1 (en) 2006-03-15
    DE69930233T2 (en) 2006-12-14
    FR2788165B1 (en) 2001-02-02

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