EP3836182B1

EP3836182B1 - A three-position disconnector switch

Info

Publication number: EP3836182B1
Application number: EP19215336.9A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Dietmar Gentsch; Radek Javora
Original assignee: ABB Schweiz AG
Current assignee: ABB Schweiz AG
Priority date: 2019-12-11
Filing date: 2019-12-11
Publication date: 2023-03-08
Anticipated expiration: 2039-12-11
Also published as: US20210183597A1; CN112951643A; US11342140B2; EP3836182A1

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a three-position disconnector switch.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

WO2018/108990A1 relates to a gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) comprising a disconnector-earthing switch (DES), the DES comprising a housing, a disconnector piston and an earthing piston, the DES further comprising an actuating mechanism arranged to operate the pistons to place them in three configurations, namely where both the disconnector piston and earthing piston are in the retracted position, where the disconnector piston is in the extended position and the earthing piston is in the retracted position, and where the earthing piston is in the extended position and the disconnector piston is in the retracted position, comprising a crankshaft and two piston rods, the crankshaft being arranged to rotate about a crank axis perpendicular to the plane parallel to the axes of the pistons and which intersects the axes of the two pistons, the DES arranged such that whenever a piston is in the retracted position it is flush with the housing.
WO2017/141060A1 describes a combined disconnecting-earthing switching module for a GIS; having casing that encloses contact pin and earthing pin, transmission means equipped with the engaging pin capable to engage only one of the pins at the time, while other is locked via its pin recession to the casing. The module is forming three different working positions according to the engaging pin angles. First, when contact pin is inserted into GIS fixed contact and earthing pin is locked within the module with cylindrical outer surface that enters earthing pin recession. Second, when contact pin and earthing pin are booth locked to the module. Third, when contact pin is locked to the module with cylindrical outer surface that enters contact pin recession and earthing pin is inserted into GIS earthing fixed contact.
US2018/197709A1 describes that the 3-way disconnector and an earth switch for a gas insulated switchgear includes: a movable portion including a disconnector movable portion and an earth switch movable portion; a disconnector mover and an earth switch mover installed in the disconnector movable portion and the earth switch movable portion so as to be linearly movable; a driving lever rotatably installed between the disconnector mover and the earth switch mover; and a first lever and a second lever rotated by receiving a rotational force of the driving lever, and configured to move the disconnector mover and the earth switch mover, respectively, wherein a driver is protruded at one side of the driving lever, and a driving pin is provided at an end of the driver, and wherein the driving pin is configured to selectively move one of the first and second levers.
US2012/012449A1 describes that an operating shaft allows disconnecting switch-side and earthing switch-side moving contacts to linearly reciprocate with the rotation of operating shaft. Operating shaft has two-hole lever allow an arc motion. Each one end of two curved links and is connected to two-hole lever and the other end of two curved links and is respectively connected to the disconnecting switch-side moving contact or the earthing switch-side moving contact. When the two connecting points are axisymmetric with respect to the bisector, both the disconnecting switch and the earthing switch are in an open state; when two-hole lever moves at a predetermined angle to the disconnecting switch-side, the disconnecting switch is in a closed state; and when two-hole lever moves at a predetermined angle to the earthing switch-side, the earthing switch is in a closed state.
Usual three-position disconnector switch today, require to have a certain length, in order to guarantee proper mechanical functionality as well as to keep necessary dielectric distances between parts of the switch and surroundings during testing and operation.
An associated disadvantage is that a relatively long total length is required to accommodate all the contacts, and to keep a required distance from the surroundings.
There is a need to address this problem.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Therefore, it would be advantageous to have an improved three-position disconnector switch.
The object of the present invention is solved with the subject matter of the independent claims, wherein further embodiments are incorporated in the dependent claims.
In a first aspect, there is provided a three-position disconnector switch, according to claim 1.
In an example, in the connected switch position the three-position disconnector switch is configured such that the first piston does not make an electrical connection with the power in contact.
In an example, in the disconnected switch position the three-position disconnector switch is configured such that the first piston does not make an electrical connection with the power in contact.
In an example, in the disconnected switch position the three-position disconnector switch is configured such that the second piston does not make an electrical connection with the earthing contact.
In an example, in the earthed switch position the three-position disconnector switch is configured such that the second piston does not make an electrical connection with the earthing contact.
According to the invention, in the connected switch position a distance between a first end of the first piston and the power in contact is less than a distance between a second end of the first piston and the earthing contact.
In an example, in the disconnected switch position a distance between the first end of the first piston and the power in contact is less than a distance between the second end of the first piston and the earthing contact.
In an example, the three-position disconnector switch comprises a first insulator part, wherein in the connected switch position and the disconnected switch position the first insulator part is located between the first end of the first piston and the power in contact.
In an example, in the earthing switch position the first insulator part is located between the first end of the first piston and the power in contact.
In an example, in the connected switch position and the disconnected switch position the first end of the first piston is at least partially located within the first insulator part.
In an example, in the disconnected switch position a distance between a first end of the second piston and the power in contact is greater than a distance between a second end of the second piston and the earthing contact or housing wall in electrical contact with the earthing contact.
In an example, in the earthed switch position a distance between the first end of the second piston and the power in contact is greater than a distance between the second end of the second piston and the earthing contact or the housing wall in electrical contact with the earthing contact.
In an example, the three-position disconnector switch comprises a second insulator part, wherein in the disconnected switch position and the earthed switch position the second insulator part is located between the second end of the second piston and the earthing contact.
In an example, in the connected switch position the second insulator part is located between the second end of the second piston and the earthing contact or the housing wall in electrical contact with the earthing contact.
In an example, in the disconnected switch position and the earthed switch position the second end of the second piston is at least partially located within the second insulator part.
In an example, the first piston is configured to move along a first axis and the second piston is configured to move along a second axis, where the first axis is parallel to the second axis and the first axis is spaced laterally to the second axis.
In a second aspect, there is provided a low voltage or medium voltage switchgear or control gear comprising one or more three-position disconnector switches according to the first aspect.
The above aspects and examples will become apparent from and be elucidated with reference to the embodiments described hereinafter.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Exemplary embodiments will be described in the following with reference to the following drawings:

Fig. 1 shows an example of an existing three-position disconnector switch shown in a) connected position, b) disconnected position, c) earthed position;
Fig. 2 shows an example of the existing three-position disconnector switch of Fig. 1 shown in a) connected position, b) disconnected position, c) earthed position, where distances between parts of the switch and between the switch and surroundings are shown;
Fig. 3 shows an example of a new three-position disconnector switch shown in a) connected position, b) disconnected position, c) earthed position; and
Fig. 4 shows an example of a new three-position disconnector switch shown in a) connected position, b) disconnected position, c) earthed position.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

To place the new three-position disconnector switch, shown at Fig. 3, in context it is worthwhile introducing an existing design of three-position disconnector switch, as shown in Figs. 1-2.
Fig. 1 shows an exemplar design of a three-position disconnector switch, as used in for example medium voltage applications, in for example switchgear or control gear. Fig. 1 shows a schematic cross-section of the design of this conventional linear three-position disconnector switch, where a) shows the connected position, b) shows the disconnected position, and c) shows the earthed position.
In Fig. 1, the following reference numerals indicate the following features:
1 is an earthing contact housing, 2 is a power outgoing contact housing, 3 is a power incoming contact housing, 4 is tube/piston housing, arranged to provide conductive connection of required contacts and 5 is motor operated threaded rod which is used to move and hold the piston in a desired position.
Fig. 2 then illustrates the total length L, required for the design of Fig. 1 and indicating the space occupied by this design. Again Fig. 2 shows a schematic cross-section of the design of this conventional linear three-position disconnector switch, where a) shows the connected position, b) shows the disconnected position, and c) shows the earthed position.
Here, numeral 6 represents for example a wall of the switchgear, or in general any kind of surface with earth potential, and this can be linked to the earthing contact housing. In such design, there needs to be maintained certain clearance distances "a", "b", "c" and "d" between the respective contacts and the end of the piston 4. Distance "a" is the distance between the earthing contact 1 and the first end of the piston 4 when the switch is in the connected position. Distance "e" is the distance between the other second end of the piston 4 and an earthed wall 6 of the switchgear. Distance "b" is the distance between the first end of the piston 4 and the earthing contact 1 when the switch is in the disconnected position, and distance "c" is the associated distance between the second end of the piston 4 and the power in contact 3. Distance "d" is the distance between the second end of the piston 4 and the power in contact 3 when the switch is in the earthed position.
The magnitude of these distances depends on the voltage level at which the disconnector switch is operating and on the environmental conditions surrounding the equipment. In theory, distances "b" and "c" can be of the same length, but actual distances might slightly vary due to other reasons. The distances "b" and "c" are selected in order that all required dielectric are fulfilled with respect to the given voltage levels. Distances "a" and "d" will be bigger than "b" and "c", due to the physical location of the contacts 1, 2 and 3 and due to the rounded edges of the piston 4 needed for smooth sliding/centering into these contacts.
In Fig. 2, the total length of the three-position disconnector switch is indicated as "L". In the connected position (Fig. 2a), the parts of the switch need to be spaced a certain distance "e" from other surrounding grounded parts 6, for example a grounded wall of a switchgear. In the situation when the distances "b" and "c" need to be increased, this has a significant impact on total length "L" of the three-position disconnector switch. This is because in addition to distances "b" and "c" increase, also distances "a" and "b" will be thus increased, as well as the piston 4 itself then needs to be longer. It is to be noted that in general distance "a" is bigger than distance "b" and distance "d" is bigger than distance "c".
A disadvantage of the current three-posiiton switch described with respect to Figs. 1-2 is that a relatively long total length "L" is required to accommodate all contacts and to keep enough distance from all surrounded parts.
Fig. 3 shows an example of a new three-position disconnector switch design, that addresses this disadvantage. In Fig. 3 a cross-section of the new length-optimized disconnector switch is shown, where a) shows the connected position, b) shows the disconnected position, and c) shows the earthed position.
In an example, the three-position disconnector switch comprises an earthing contact 1, a power out contact 2, a power in contact 3, a first piston 4a, and a second piston 4b. In a connected switch position: the first piston is configured to make an electrical connection with the power out contact and the second piston is configured to make an electrical connection with the power out contact and the power in contact.
In a disconnected switch position: the first piston is configured to make an electrical connection with the power out contact and the second piston is configured to make an electrical connection with the power out contact.
In an earthed switch position: the first piston is configured to make an electrical connection with the earthing contact and with the power out contact and the second piston is configured to make an electrical connection with the power out contact.
In an example, the three-position switch comprises: a first threaded rod 5a, and a second threaded rod 5b. Rotation of the first threaded rod is configured to engage with the first piston to move the first piston and rotation of the second threaded rod is configured to engage with the second piston to move the second piston.
According to an example, in the connected switch position the three-position disconnector switch is configured such that the first piston does not make an electrical connection with the power in contact.
According to an example, in the disconnected switch position the three-position disconnector switch is configured such that the first piston does not make an electrical connection with the power in contact.
According to an example, in the disconnected switch position the three-position disconnector switch is configured such that the second piston does not make an electrical connection with the earthing contact.
According to an example, in the earthed switch position the three-position disconnector switch is configured such that the second piston does not make an electrical connection with the earthing contact.
According to the invention, in the connected switch position a distance between a first end of the first piston and the power in contact is less than a distance between a second end of the first piston and the earthing contact.
According to an example, in the disconnected switch position a distance between the first end of the first piston and the power in contact is less than a distance between the second end of the first piston and the earthing contact.
In an example, in the connected switch position and the disconnected switch position the first end of the first piston is spaced from the power in contact by the same distance.
In an example, in the connected switch position and the disconnected switch position the second end of the first piston is spaced from the earthing contact by the same distance.
The distances a an b can be different, with the above relating only to a specific exemplar embodiment.
Thus in the connected switch position and the disconnected switch position the first end of the first piston can be spaced from the power in contact by different distances.
Also in the connected switch position and the disconnected switch position the second end of the first piston can be spaced from the earthing contact by different distances.
According to an example, the three-position disconnector switch comprises a first insulator part. In the connected switch position, and the disconnected switch position, the first insulator part is located between the first end of the first piston and the power in contact.
According to an example, in the earthing switch position the first insulator part is located between the first end of the first piston and the power in contact.
According to an example, in the connected switch position and the disconnected switch position the first end of the first piston is at least partially located within the first insulator part.
According to an example, in the disconnected switch position a distance between a first end of the second piston and the power in contact is greater than a distance between a second end of the second piston and the earthing contact or housing wall in electrical contact with the earthing contact.
According to an example, in the earthed switch position a distance between the first end of the second piston and the power in contact is greater than a distance between the second end of the second piston and the earthing contact or the housing wall in electrical contact with the earthing contact.
In an example, in the disconnected switch position and the earthed switch position the first end of the second piston is spaced from the power in contact by the same distance.
In an example, in the disconnected switch position and the earthed switch position the second end of the second piston is spaced from the earthing contact or housing wall in electrical contact with the earthing contact by the same distance.
The distances can d can be different, with the above relating only to a specific exemplar embodiment.
Thus in the disconnected switch position and the earthed switch position the first end of the second piston can be spaced from the power in contact by different distances.
Also in the disconnected switch position and the earthed switch position the second end of the second piston can be spaced from the earthing contact or housing wall in electrical contact with the earthing contact by different distances.
According to an example, the three-position disconnector switch comprises a second insulator part. In the disconnected switch position, and the earthed switch position, the second insulator part is located between the second end of the second piston and the earthing contact or the housing wall in electrical contact with the earthing contact.
According to an example, in the connected switch position the second insulator part is located between the second end of the second piston and the earthing contact or the housing wall in electrical contact with the earthing contact.
According to an example, in the disconnected switch position and the earthed switch position the second end of the second piston is at least partially located within the second insulator part.
According to an example, the first piston is configured to move along a first axis and the second piston is configured to move along a second axis, where the first axis is parallel to the second axis and the first axis is spaced laterally to the second axis. However, these two parts can be located in a horizontal or vertical orientation, and indeed there can be something between the two.
One or more of the new three-position disconnector switches as described with respect to fig. 3 can be utilized in a low voltage or medium voltage switchgear or control gear.
Continuing with Fig. 3, the new three-position disconnector design provides an improvement/reduction in the length of the switch, making the switch suitable for areas with reduced available space in a longitudinal direction. This is achieved by locating parts of the switch in parallel.
The configuration of the three-position disconnector, as shown in Fig. 3, utilizes insulating caps 7 and 8. Such caps could be made of any electrically non-conductive materials, such as thermoplast or thermoset with low humidity absorption capacity. Cap 7 helps to minimize the distance of the piston 4a to the power incoming contact 3 and cap 8 helps to minimize the distance of the piston 4b to earthed surrounded part 6. In such a design, distance "b" can be the same as distance "a" and distance "c" can be the same as distance "d". Distance "a" is the distance between the earthing contact 1 and the second end of the first piston 4a when the switch is in the connected position, and distance "b" is the associated position when the switch is in the disconnected position. Distance "c" is the distance between the first end of the second piston 4b and the power in contact 3 when the switch is in a disconnected position, and distance "d" is the associated distance when the switch is in the earthed position.
The insulating caps 7 and 8 could be fixed in certain positions and pistons 4a and 4b can move in and out respectively, as described with respect to and shown in Fig. 3, but there could also be a solution where insulating caps are fixed to the pistons and move together with them. An example of such a configuration is described with respect to and shown in Fig. 4, which shows a cross section of the new length optimized disconnector with insulating parts attached to the pistons, with a) the connected position, b) the disconnected position and c) the earthed position.
The new configuration fulfills the functionality of a three-position disconnector switch, but it can be also be considered as a parallel configuration of two two-position disconnector switches and used independently.
When used as a three-position disconnector switch, sequential movements of the piston 4a and 4b is provided, and the drives of each part linked to the motor driven threads 5a and 5b are aligned in a way that movements in the desired direction are allowed, and movement in the other direction is blocked in order to prevent for example direct earthing of the power incoming contact. The drives of the disconnectors can be motorized, electromagnetically driven or even manual, with proper interlocking of both moving parts. For example, the switch can be configured such that piston 4a of the upper part cannot move to earth position unless the piston 4b of lower part is in a disconnected position.
Even though a total width of the full new disconnector switch is increased over that of existing switches (when using described horizontal positioning of the two parts), the total length has decreased. Therefore, it is suitable in applications with small length requirements. In cases where total width is also of concern, the two parts of the described disconnector could be located above each other (vertical) or at least partly vertical.
Insulating cap 7 can move along with the piston 4a or can be fixed to the power incoming contact 3 or could be kept a certain distance in order to avoid dielectric issues, depending on the chosen material, its thickness and dielectric strength. Insulating cap 8 can move along with the piston 4b or can be fixed directly to the wall 6, since the wall is in contact with earth. Threaded rod 5b can be made of some insulating material, and properly assembled within the cap 8 in order to avoid gap and dielectric discharges penetrating along the threaded rod further to the drive. The rod 5b can for example be made of several parts, ensuring proper insulation and no gap within the cap 8.

Claims

A three-position disconnector switch, comprising:
- an earthing contact (1);

- a power out contact (2);

- a power in contact (3);

- a first piston (4a); and

- a second piston (4b);

wherein, in a connected switch position:
the first piston (4a) is configured to make an electrical connection with the power out contact (2) and the second piston (4b) is configured to make an electrical connection with the power out contact (2) and the power in contact (3), and wherein in the connected switch position a distance between a first end of the first piston (4a) and the power in contact (3) is less than a distance between a second end of the first piston (4a) and the earthing contact (1);

wherein, in a disconnected switch position:
the first piston (4a) is configured to make an electrical connection with the power out contact (2) and the second piston (4b) is configured to make an electrical connection with the power out contact (2);

wherein, in an earthed switch position:
the first piston (4a) is configured to make an electrical connection with the earthing contact (1) and with the power out contact (2) and the second piston (4b) is configured to make an electrical connection with the power out contact (2).
Three-position disconnector switch according to claim 1, wherein, in the connected switch position the three-position disconnector switch is configured such that the first piston does not make an electrical connection with the power in contact.
Three-position disconnector switch according to any of claims 1-2, wherein, in the disconnected switch position the three-position disconnector switch is configured such that the first piston does not make an electrical connection with the power in contact.
Three-position disconnector switch according to any of claims 1-3, wherein, in the disconnected switch position the three-position disconnector switch is configured such that the second piston does not make an electrical connection with the earthing contact.
Three-position disconnector switch according to any of claims 1-4, wherein, in the earthed switch position the three-position disconnector switch is configured such that the second piston does not make an electrical connection with the earthing contact.
Three-position disconnector switch according to any of claims 1-5, wherein, in the disconnected switch position a distance between the first end of the first piston and the power in contact is less than a distance between the second end of the first piston and the earthing contact.
Three-position disconnector switch according to any of claims 1-6, wherein the three-position disconnector switch comprises a first insulator part, wherein in the connected switch position and the disconnected switch position the first insulator part is located between the first end of the first piston and the power in contact.
Three-position disconnector switch according to claim 7, wherein, in the connected switch position and the disconnected switch position the first end of the first piston is at least partially located within the first insulator part.
Three-position disconnector switch according to any of claims 1-8, wherein, in the disconnected switch position a distance between a first end of the second piston and the power in contact is greater than a distance between a second end of the second piston and the earthing contact or housing wall in electrical contact with the earthing contact.
Three-position disconnector switch according to claim 9, wherein, in the earthed switch position a distance between the first end of the second piston and the power in contact is greater than a distance between the second end of the second piston and the earthing contact or the housing wall in electrical contact with the earthing contact.
Three-position disconnector switch according to any of claims 9-10, wherein the three-position disconnector switch comprises a second insulator part, wherein in the disconnected switch position and the earthed switch position the second insulator part is located between the second end of the second piston and the earthing contact or the housing wall in electrical contact with the earthing contact.
Three-position disconnector switch according to claim 11, wherein, in the disconnected switch position and the earthed switch position the second end of the second piston is at least partially located within the second insulator part.
Three-position disconnector switch according to any of claims 1-12, wherein the first piston is configured to move along a first axis and the second piston is configured to move along a second axis, where the first axis is parallel to the second axis and the first axis is spaced laterally to or at least partly above the second axis.
A low voltage or medium voltage switchgear or control gear comprising one or more three-position disconnector switches according to any of claims 1-13.