EP2073235B1 - Electric short-circuiting switch comprising a standalone pyrotechnical actuator and assembly for protection against internal arcs comprising such a short-circuiting switch - Google Patents

Electric short-circuiting switch comprising a standalone pyrotechnical actuator and assembly for protection against internal arcs comprising such a short-circuiting switch Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2073235B1
EP2073235B1 EP20080354086 EP08354086A EP2073235B1 EP 2073235 B1 EP2073235 B1 EP 2073235B1 EP 20080354086 EP20080354086 EP 20080354086 EP 08354086 A EP08354086 A EP 08354086A EP 2073235 B1 EP2073235 B1 EP 2073235B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electric
short
circuiting switch
connection means
deformable
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP20080354086
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2073235A1 (en
Inventor
Hugues Filiputti
Mathias Lamien
Stephen Rowe
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
    • H01H39/004—Closing switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/60—Mechanical arrangements for preventing or damping vibration or shock
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H31/00—Air-break switches for high tension without arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H31/003—Earthing switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/664—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H79/00—Protective switches in which excess current causes the closing of contacts, e.g. for short-circuiting the apparatus to be protected

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical short-circuiter between at least two electrical terminals.
  • the short-circuiter comprises an insulating casing in which are positioned a pyrotechnic actuator for moving a movable needle for closing a self-clamping electrical contact assembly.
  • Said moving needle is intended to move along a longitudinal axis between a first armed position and a second triggered position.
  • the short-circuiter comprises a self-tightening electrical contact assembly comprising a movable conductive member intended to be connected to at least a first electrical terminal and extending along a longitudinal axis and a hollow envelope intended to be connected to a second electrical terminal. .
  • Said member and said envelope are intended to come into electrical contact by moving relative to each other under the action of the moving needle.
  • the invention also relates to a set of protection against internal arcs for connecting an electrical busbar to the ground and comprising at least one short-circuiter according to the invention.
  • the desired performance is very high.
  • the short-circuiting times of the phase conductors to the ground must be very short and the holding in the closed position of the contacts must be long enough for an upstream circuit-breaker to detect the short-circuit fault and cut off the power supply. .
  • the short-circuit currents are of the order of 50kA or higher.
  • the internal arc short-circuiter must also have a high dielectric withstand especially supporting lightning strikes.
  • the pyrotechnic actuation means comprise in particular a pyrotechnic initiator, the moving needle.
  • the difficulty of using the pyrotechnic initiators lies especially in the management of the explosion gases at the time of actuation. Indeed, the energy (heat) released can be significant and present a potential risk for a user located next to the actuation zone.
  • the moving parts move at very high speeds and also present risks.
  • the invention therefore aims to overcome the disadvantages of the state of the art, so as to provide an electric short-circuiter comprising a reliable and compact pyrotechnic actuator.
  • the pyrotechnic actuator of the short-circuiter comprises a conductive cylinder body having means for being electrically connected to a second electrical terminal, electrical connection means now permanent electrical contact between the conductive cylinder body and moving needle moving in said body.
  • the movable needle is connected by a mechanical connection to the mobile conducting member and forms a mobile functional unit; the needle and said member being at the same electrical potential.
  • the electrical connection means comprise a multipoint annular contact positioned between the internal volume of the conductive cylinder body and the mobile functional assembly.
  • the moving needle comprises a first axial abutment intended to come into contact with a second abutment of the body of the jack to lock said needle in the tripped position.
  • the second stop of the cylinder body is deformable to absorb a portion of the displacement energy of the needle.
  • the pyrotechnic actuator comprises a sealing envelope placed inside the cylinder body and enveloping at least a portion of the moving needle.
  • the movable conductive member comprises a first electrical contact zone connected to the outer periphery of said member by at least one shoulder.
  • the hollow envelope comprises first deformable electrical connection means, said deformable electrical connection means being intended to come into contact with said at least one shoulder to move under the action of a force to push and deform against a stop of displacement.
  • Said first deformed first electrical connection means developing a clamping force having a principal component directed in a radial direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, the clamping force ensuring an electromechanical connection between the first electrical contact area of the movable conductive member and the first deformable electrical connection means.
  • the first deformable electrical connection means have an annular shape, said annular shape having an inner periphery of substantially identical section to that of the outer periphery of the first electrical contact area of the movable conductive member.
  • Said annular shape has an outer periphery of substantially identical section to that of the inner periphery of the hollow envelope.
  • said movable conductive member comprises a cylindrical section at the first electrical contact zone, section having an outer radius equal to the inner radius of said annular shape of the first deformable electrical connection means.
  • the first deformable electrical connection means comprise at least one metal washer having, in the radial direction, a developed surface greater than the surface projected in this direction.
  • said at least one metal washer has a conical shape.
  • the first deformable electrical connection means comprise at least two stacked conical metal washers.
  • said at least two conical metal washers are stacked head to tail.
  • the metal washers are mechanically connected two by two to form a conductive element.
  • the hollow envelope comprises intermediate compression means, said compression means being intended to move in contact with the shoulder and uniformly transmit the thrust force to the first deformable electrical connection means.
  • the short-circuiter comprises at least second deformable electrical connection means electrically connected to at least one third electrical terminal and being intended to come into electrical contact with a second electrical contact zone of mobile functional assembly moving.
  • the deformable electrical connection means and the mobile conductive member are positioned in a vacuum bulb, in the open position, the electrical insulation being made by vacuum.
  • the short-circuiter comprises a semi-liquid dielectric designed to isolate the deformable electrical connection means from the mobile conducting member.
  • the semi-liquid dielectric comprises a silicone gel
  • the semi-liquid dielectric is contained in a contention cage.
  • the first electrical contact area is located at a first end of the movable conductive member, said first end having a pointed and hollow penetration area.
  • the first electrical contact zone of the first end is rough and / or knurled and / or ridged.
  • the mobile functional assembly is animated by a gyroscopic movement during its displacement along the longitudinal axis of displacement.
  • the internal arc protection assembly comprises an internal arc detection sensor connected to a decision unit, said decision unit connected to one or more short-circuiters being intended to authorize the actuation of the pyrotechnic actuators.
  • the electric short-circuit 1 is intended to short-circuit at least two electrical terminals such as for example two phase conductors U, V, W between them, two or three phase conductors U, V, W at an earth terminal.
  • the short-circuiter 1 as represented on the Figures 4 and 5 allows for example to connect a phase conductor to a ground terminal.
  • the short-circuiter 1 has two operating positions; a closed position when all the electrical terminals are at the same electrical potential and an open position when the electrical terminals have different electrical potentials.
  • the short-circuiter 1 according to the different embodiments of the invention comprises an insulating jacket 100 in which are positioned a pyrotechnic actuator 200 and a self-clamping electrical contact assembly 300.
  • the self-clamping electrical contact assembly 300 includes a movable conductive member 301 for connection to at least a first electrical terminal.
  • the movable conductive member 301 extends along a longitudinal axis Y.
  • Said assembly 300 further comprises a hollow envelope 302 intended to be connected to a second electrical terminal.
  • the hollow envelope 302 has an opening for the passage of said movable conductive member 301.
  • Said member and said envelope are intended to come into electrical contact by moving relative to each other under the action of the moving needle. 201.
  • the hollow envelope 302 is fixed in the insulating casing 100 of the short-circuiter 1.
  • the movable conductive member 301 is then intended to be propelled by the moving needle 201 of the pyrotechnic actuator 200.
  • the pyrotechnic actuator 200 comprises a movable needle 201 for moving along a longitudinal axis Y between a first armed position and a second triggered position. During its movement, said needle causes the closing of the assembly with self-tightening electrical contacts 300.
  • the moving needle 201 is intended to be propelled by compressed gases generated by the explosion of a pyrotechnic charge.
  • the operating energy released by the pyrotechnic actuator 200 ensures a high closing speed of the electrical contacts of the self-clamping electrical contact assembly 300.
  • Said needle can move within a cylinder body 202
  • the first armed position of the moving needle 201 generally corresponds to an open electrical state of the self-clamping electrical contact assembly 300.
  • the triggered position of the moving needle 201 generally corresponds to a closed electrical state of the assembly. self-tightening electrical contacts 300.
  • the movable needle 201 is connected by a mechanical connection to a second end 313 of the movable conductive member 301.
  • the movement of the movable needle 201 causes that of the movable member 301 along the same longitudinal axis of displacement Y.
  • the movable needle 201 and the movable conductive member 301 form a single movable functional assembly 201-301. Indeed, the two parts constituting the mobile functional assembly 201-301 move simultaneously along the longitudinal axis of displacement Y and are at the same electrical potential.
  • the short-circuiter 1 is in a closed state of operation when the self-clamping electrical contact assembly 300 is in a closed electrical state.
  • the short-circuiter 1 is in an open operating state when the self-clamping electrical contact assembly 300 is in an open electrical state.
  • the actuator cylinder body 202 of the pyrotechnic actuator 200 comprises a first and a second end.
  • the first end being closed by a yoke 204.
  • the second end having an opening for the passage of the movable needle 201.
  • An initiator pyrotechnic device 206 placed inside the cylinder head 204 for generating a gas inside the cylinder body 202 and propelling the moving needle 201 through the second end.
  • the mobile functional assembly 201-301 comprises a first zone and at least a second electrical contact zone.
  • the electrical contact zones are electrically connected to one another.
  • Said first electrical contact zone preferably located at the first end 312 of the movable conductive member 301, is intended to be in electrical contact with the first deformable electrical connection means 323 of the hollow envelope 302 of the self-clamping contact assembly 300, said assembly then being in the closed position.
  • Said at least one second electrical contact zone of the mobile functional assembly 201-301 is intended to be connected to at least one second electrical terminal.
  • said at least one second electrical contact zone is permanently connected to the second terminal regardless of the electrical state of the self-clamping electrical contact assembly 300.
  • said at least one second electrical contact area is intended to be placed in contact with the second terminal after the movable conductive member 301 has begun moving, that is, after the moving needle 201 has left the armed position.
  • the mobile functional assembly 201-301 comprises at least one second electrical zone in permanent contact with a second electrical terminal of the short-circuiter 1.
  • the notion of permanent contact means that the contact between said second zone and the second electrical terminal is realized whatever the position of the movable conductive member 301.
  • connection between said at least one second zone and the second terminal is achieved via a cylinder body 202 of the pyrotechnic actuator 200.
  • the mobile functional assembly 201-301 is electrically connected to a second electrical terminal via the conductive cylinder body 202.
  • the cylinder body 202 comprises means intended to be electrically connected to the first electrical terminal.
  • electrical connection means 207 maintain a permanent electrical contact between the conductive cylinder body 202 and the mobile functional assembly 201-301.
  • the electrical connection means 207 comprise a multipoint annular contact 207 positioned between the internal volume of the conductive cylinder body 202 and the mobile functional assembly 201-301.
  • the multipoint annular contact 207 is composed of at least one helical spring wound and positioned in a circular groove.
  • the groove is placed in the inner wall of the cylinder body 202.
  • the dimensioning and the number of multipoint annular contact 207 is a function of the caliber of the device and the intensity of the electric currents to be conveyed.
  • two annular multipoint contacts 207 are in contact with the electrical contact areas of the movable functional assembly 201-301.
  • a first multipoint annular contact 207 is in contact with the moving needle 201 and a second annular contact is in contact with the movable conductive member 301.
  • the jack body 202 may comprise an inner casing 203 positioned inside said body and enveloping at least a portion of the movable needle 201.
  • the inner casing 203 ensures a better gas tightness generated by the pyrotechnic initiator 206 at the time of its activation.
  • the inner casing 203 also provides better mechanical strength at the time of the explosion of the pyrotechnic initiator charge 206.
  • the inner casing 203 has the shape of a tube.
  • the moving needle 201 comprises a first axial abutment intended to come into contact with a second abutment of the body of the jack 202 to lock said needle in the tripped position.
  • the second stop can it is positioned on the inner casing 203. Said second stop of the cylinder body 202 is deformable to absorb a part of the displacement energy of the moving needle 201.
  • the mobile functional assembly 201-301 comprises at least a second electrical zone in contact intended to be placed in contact with at least one second electrical terminal after the movable conductive member 301 has begun to move.
  • the self-clamping electrical contact assembly 300 When the short-circuiter 1 is in the open position, the self-clamping electrical contact assembly 300 is in an open state, and all electrical terminals are electrically isolated.
  • the self-clamping electrical contact assembly 300 is closed after a displacement of the mobile functional assembly 201-301.
  • the first electrical contact zone of the movable conductive member 301 is in contact with the first deformable electrical connection means 323 of the hollow envelope 302.
  • Said at least one second electrical contact zone is then in contact with a second electrical terminal via a second deformable electrical connection means 400.
  • the movable assembly 201-301 comes into contact with at least one second deformable electrical connection means 400 electrically connected to a second electrical terminal.
  • the second deformable electrical connection means 400 connected to a second electrical terminal are placed in short circuit with the first electrical terminal connected via the first deformable electrical connection means 323.
  • the short-circuiter 1 comprises three second deformable electrical connection means 400 respectively connected to an electrical terminal.
  • This embodiment makes it possible to short-circuit three phase conductors U, V, W to earth.
  • each second deformable electrical connection means 400 will be in contact with a second electrical contact zone of the mobile functional assembly 201-301, themselves connected to the one earth terminal via the set to self-clamping electrical contacts 300.
  • Said electrical contact areas of the movable functional assembly 201-301 are all at the same earth potential when the self-clamping electrical contact assembly 300 is in a closed state.
  • the conductive cylinder body 202 is not electrically connected to an electrical terminal.
  • the mobile functional assembly 201-301 is not in contact with an electrical terminal when the short-circuiter 1 is in the open position.
  • the short-circuiter 1 comprises only two second electric connection means with lamellae 400 respectively connected to a phase conductor.
  • the third phase conductor would then be connected to the cylinder body 202, itself electrically connected to the functional mobile assembly 201-301 by one or more multipoint annular contacts 207.
  • the particularity of the autonomous pyrotechnic actuator according to these embodiments of the invention is to form a complete and autonomous pyrotechnic actuation module which groups together at least the following three functionalities.
  • the autonomous pyrotechnic actuator is sealed and no external manifestation due to the explosion gases is observed outside the cylinder body 202.
  • the cylinder body 202 associated with the mobile functional assembly 201- 301 provides a seal from the inside to the outside of said body.
  • the cylinder body 202 is conductive and is intended to be electrically connected to an electrical terminal.
  • the mobile functional assembly 201-301 comprising at least one moving needle 201 is conductive and is intended to be electrically connected to the cylinder body 202.
  • the first electrical contact zone is preferably placed at a first end 312 of the movable conductive member 301.
  • This first electrical contact zone is connected to the outer periphery of said movable conductive member 301 by at least one shoulder 314.
  • the movable conductive member 301 is of cylindrical shape.
  • the diameter of the cylinder at the first end 312 is smaller than the diameter of the remainder of the movable conductive member 301.
  • the junction of the cylinders of different diameter then forms said shoulder 314.
  • the shoulder may be for example made by means of a washer engaged on the cylindrical body of the movable conductive member 301.
  • the hollow envelope 302 comprises first deformable electrical connection means 323.
  • Said first deformable electrical connection means 323 are intended to move and to deform under the action of a thrust force Fp generated by the conductive member mobile 301 on the move.
  • the thrust force Fp is generated when the shoulder 314 of the movable conductive member 301 comes into contact with the first deformable electrical connection means 323.
  • Said first deformable first deformable electrical connection means 323 then develop a clamping force Fs having a principal component directed in a radial direction Z perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of displacement Y.
  • the clamping force Fs provides both a mechanical connection and an electrical connection. between the first electrical contact zone of the movable conductive member 301 and the deformable electrical connection means 303.
  • the movable conductive member 301 can not bounce against the hollow envelope 302. A harmful rebound would cause a reopening of the electrical contacts of the contact assembly 300.
  • the hollow envelope 302 preferably comprises a cylindrical opening bore.
  • the first deformable electrical connection means 323 are annular in shape and are positioned within the cylindrical bore.
  • Said annular shape has an outer periphery of substantially identical section to that of the inner periphery of the bore of the hollow envelope 302.
  • the movable conductive member 301 has a cylindrical section at the first electrical contact area.
  • the annular shape of the first deformable electrical connection means 323 has an inner periphery of substantially identical section to that of the outer periphery of the first electrical contact area of the movable conductive member 301.
  • the first deformable electrical connection means 323 comprise at least one metal washer 324.
  • Said at least one metal washer comprises, in the radial direction Z, a developed surface greater than the projected surface.
  • said at least one metal washer 324 has a conical shape.
  • the first deformable electrical connection means 323 comprise at least two stacked conical metal washers 324.
  • the conical metal washers 324 are preferably stacked upside down.
  • the choice of the number of metal washers 324 to be stacked is conditioned by the electrical current density flowing through the self-clamping electrical contact assembly 300 when the short-circuiter 1 is in the closed position. According to a development mode, the short-circuiter 1 is intended for the circulation of short-circuit currents of several kilos amperes. Twelve metal washers 324 are then stacked head-spades against the displacement stop 322.
  • the metal washers 324 conical and stacked head to tail are mechanically connected in pairs to form a deformable conductive element.
  • the hollow envelope 302 comprises intermediate compression means 325 placed at the opening of the bore of the hollow envelope 302.
  • the intermediate compression means 325 comprise a metal washer whose internal diameter is less than outer diameter of the movable conductive member 301 so that the shoulder 314 can abut against said metal washer.
  • Said intermediate compression means 325 are intended to move in contact with the shoulder 314 and uniformly transmit the thrust force Fp to the first deformable electrical connection means 323.
  • the intermediate compression means 325 are conductive.
  • the first electrical contact area and the first deformable electrical connection means 323 are isolated by a dielectric or vacuum.
  • the electrical insulation between the deformable electrical connection means 400 is preferably made by vacuum, all the elements then being preferably positioned in a vacuum bulb.
  • a dielectric 4 is used for the electrical insulation.
  • the dielectric 4 is semi-liquid and preferably comprises a silicone gel.
  • the isolation distances between the electrical terminals must be sufficient to isolate them especially in the event of a lightning strike.
  • the first end 312 of the movable conductive member 301 comprises a pointed penetration zone.
  • the first end 312 of the movable conductive member 301 comprises a pointed and hollow penetration zone. A part of the dielectric can infiltrate inside the movable conductive member 301 when the latter passes through the dielectric.
  • the semi-liquid dielectric is contained in a contention cage 303 placed in the insulating envelope.
  • the contention cage 303 comprises at least two rings connected by rods.
  • the moving needle 201 is animated with a gyroscopic movement during its movement from the first armed position to the second triggered position. This gyro movement is transmitted to the movable conductive member 301 during its movement.
  • the first electrical contact zone of the first end 312 is rough and / or knurled and / or ridged. This surface state of the first contact zone allows better electrical contact of the contacts of the self-clamping electrical contact assembly 300 in the closed position.
  • all the electrical contact zones of the mobile functional assembly 201, 301 are rough and / or knurled and / or striated.
  • the invention also relates to a protection assembly against internal arcs.
  • said assembly is intended for the protection of an electrical installation powered by an electric busbar U, V, W.
  • the assembly protection is intended to connect all the electric bars U, V, W to earth. This earth connection must be carried out during the time required for complete disconnection of the installation by a circuit breaker.
  • Said protection circuit breaker is generally placed upstream of the short-circuit fault.
  • the internal arc protection kit includes a specific sensor that detects the internal arc.
  • This sensor can in particular, to be an optical sensor.
  • This sensor is connected, preferably by optical fibers 21 to a decision center 2.
  • This decision center 2 allows the actuation of the pyrotechnic actuators of one or more short-circuiter 1 according to the invention.
  • An optical fiber link allows very fast information transfers.
  • each phase can be connected to the earth by a short-circuiter 1 independent, it will speak of short-circuiter 1 single phase.
  • the decision unit 2 causes the pyrotechnic actuators of each short-circuiter 1 to be fired.
  • the synchronization between the three short-circuiters 1 is ensured by the detonation tube 22.
  • the triggering of a single short-circuit circuiter 1 ensures simultaneous closure of the other two.
  • the firing of the pyrotechnic charge causes the almost instantaneous translation of a mobile functional assembly 201-301. Said assembly is placed and locked in the first deformable electrical connection means 323. All the electrical terminals U, V, W are then short-circuited to earth in a few microseconds.
  • the internal arc protection assembly also includes a specific sensor to detect the internal arc. This sensor is connected to the decision unit 2 which authorizes the actuation of the pyrotechnic actuator of the three-phase short-circuiter 1.

Description

DOMAINE TECHNIQUE DE L'INVENTIONTECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

L'invention est relative à un court-circuiteur électrique entre au moins deux bornes électriques. Le court-circuiteur comporte une enveloppe isolante dans laquelle sont positionnés un actionneur pyrotechnique destiné à déplacer une aiguille mobile pour la fermeture d'un ensemble à contacts électriques auto-serrant. Ladite aiguille mobile est destinée à se déplacer selon un axe longitudinal entre une première position armée et une seconde position déclenchée. Le court-circuiteur comporte un ensemble à contact électrique auto-serrant comprenant un organe conducteur mobile destiné à être relié à au moins une première borne électrique et s'étendant selon un axe longitudinal et une enveloppe creuse destinée à être reliée à une seconde borne électrique. Ledit organe et ladite enveloppe sont destinés rentrer en contact électrique en se déplaçant l'un par rapport à l'autre sous l'action de l'aiguille mobile.The invention relates to an electrical short-circuiter between at least two electrical terminals. The short-circuiter comprises an insulating casing in which are positioned a pyrotechnic actuator for moving a movable needle for closing a self-clamping electrical contact assembly. Said moving needle is intended to move along a longitudinal axis between a first armed position and a second triggered position. The short-circuiter comprises a self-tightening electrical contact assembly comprising a movable conductive member intended to be connected to at least a first electrical terminal and extending along a longitudinal axis and a hollow envelope intended to be connected to a second electrical terminal. . Said member and said envelope are intended to come into electrical contact by moving relative to each other under the action of the moving needle.

L'invention est aussi relative à un ensemble de protection contre les arcs internes destiné à connecter un jeu de barres électriques à la terre et comprenant au moins un court-circuiteur selon l'invention.The invention also relates to a set of protection against internal arcs for connecting an electrical busbar to the ground and comprising at least one short-circuiter according to the invention.

ETAT DE LA TECHNIQUE ANTERIEURESTATE OF THE PRIOR ART

Il est connu d'utiliser des moyens pyrotechniques pour la mise en court-circuit de contacts électriques. Les solutions utilisant des moyens pyrotechniques présentent l'avantage d'obtenir des temps de fermeture des contacts électriques très courts.It is known to use pyrotechnic means for short-circuiting electrical contacts. Solutions using pyrotechnic means have the advantage of obtaining very short closing times of electrical contacts.

De nombreux brevets tels que les documents US 2003/231439 , US4852494 , US6952332 , décrivent des solutions où les gaz générés par un initiateur pyrotechnique propulsent une aiguille ou un piston mobile selon une direction de déplacement. Ce déplacement provoque directement ou indirectement la fermeture d'un ou plusieurs contacts électriques. D'autres applications telles que décrite dans le document W09921254 , utilisent des moyens pyrotechniques pour déplacer un moyen de connexion et court-circuiter plusieurs conducteurs de phase, notamment à la terre.Many patents such as documents US 2003/231439 , US4852494 , US6952332 , describe solutions where the gases generated by a pyrotechnic initiator propel a needle or a piston movable in a direction of displacement. This displacement directly or indirectly causes the closure of one or several electrical contacts. Other applications as described in the document W09921254 , use pyrotechnic means to move a connection means and bypass several phase conductors, including the earth.

Dans le cadre de court-circuiteur d'arc interne, les performances recherchées sont très élevées. Les temps de mise en court-circuit des conducteurs de phases à la terre doivent être très courts et la tenue en position fermée des contacts doit être suffisamment longue pour qu'un disjoncteur en amont détecte le défaut de court-circuit et coupe l'alimentation. Les courants électriques de court-circuit sont de l'ordre de 50kA ou plus élevés. En outre, le court-circuiteur d'arc interne doit aussi avoir une tenue diélectrique importante supportant notamment les chocs de foudre.In the context of internal arc short-circuiter, the desired performance is very high. The short-circuiting times of the phase conductors to the ground must be very short and the holding in the closed position of the contacts must be long enough for an upstream circuit-breaker to detect the short-circuit fault and cut off the power supply. . The short-circuit currents are of the order of 50kA or higher. In addition, the internal arc short-circuiter must also have a high dielectric withstand especially supporting lightning strikes.

Les moyens d'actionnement pyrotechnique comprennent notamment un initiateur pyrotechnique, l'aiguille mobile. La difficulté d'utilisation des initiateurs pyrotechniques réside notamment dans la gestion des gaz d'explosion au moment de l'actionnement. En effet, l'énergie (calorifique) dégagée peut être importante et présenter un risque potentiel pour un utilisateur situé à coté de la zone d'actionnement. En outre, les pièces en mouvement se déplacent à des vitesses très importantes et présentent elles-aussi des risques.The pyrotechnic actuation means comprise in particular a pyrotechnic initiator, the moving needle. The difficulty of using the pyrotechnic initiators lies especially in the management of the explosion gases at the time of actuation. Indeed, the energy (heat) released can be significant and present a potential risk for a user located next to the actuation zone. In addition, the moving parts move at very high speeds and also present risks.

Devant répondre à un certain nombre de contraintes notamment thermiques, mécaniques et électriques, les court-cicuiteurs connus intégrant des moyens pyrotechniques sont souvent de réalisation complexe et onéreuse.Having to meet a certain number of constraints including thermal, mechanical and electrical, the known short-cicuitors incorporating pyrotechnic means are often of complex and expensive realization.

EXPOSE DE L'INVENTIONSUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

L'invention vise donc à remédier aux inconvénients de l'état de la technique, de manière à proposer un court-circuiteur électrique comportant un actionneur pyrotechnique fiable et compact.The invention therefore aims to overcome the disadvantages of the state of the art, so as to provide an electric short-circuiter comprising a reliable and compact pyrotechnic actuator.

L'actionneur pyrotechnique du court-circuiteur selon l'invention comprend un corps de vérin conducteur ayant des moyens destinés à être reliés électriquement à une seconde borne électrique, des moyens de connexion électrique maintenant une contact électrique permanent entre le corps de vérin conducteur et aiguille mobile se déplaçant dans ledit corps.The pyrotechnic actuator of the short-circuiter according to the invention comprises a conductive cylinder body having means for being electrically connected to a second electrical terminal, electrical connection means now permanent electrical contact between the conductive cylinder body and moving needle moving in said body.

Selon un mode de développement de l'invention, l'aiguille mobile est reliée par une liaison mécanique à l'organe mobile conducteur et forme un ensemble fonctionnel mobile ; l'aiguille et le dit organe étant au même potentiel électrique.According to a development mode of the invention, the movable needle is connected by a mechanical connection to the mobile conducting member and forms a mobile functional unit; the needle and said member being at the same electrical potential.

Avantageusement, les moyens de connexion électrique comportent un contact annulaire multipoint positionné entre le volume interne du corps de vérin conducteur et l'ensemble fonctionnel mobile.Advantageously, the electrical connection means comprise a multipoint annular contact positioned between the internal volume of the conductive cylinder body and the mobile functional assembly.

Avantageusement, l'aiguille mobile comporte une première butée axiale destinée à entrer en contact une seconde butée du corps du vérin pour bloquer la dite aiguille en position déclenchée.Advantageously, the moving needle comprises a first axial abutment intended to come into contact with a second abutment of the body of the jack to lock said needle in the tripped position.

Avantageusement, la seconde butée du corps du vérin est déformable pour absorber une partie de l'énergie de déplacement de l'aiguille.Advantageously, the second stop of the cylinder body is deformable to absorb a portion of the displacement energy of the needle.

Avantageusement, l'actionneur pyrotechnique comprend une enveloppe d'étanchéité placée à l'intérieur du corps de vérin et enveloppant au moins une partie de l'aiguille mobile.Advantageously, the pyrotechnic actuator comprises a sealing envelope placed inside the cylinder body and enveloping at least a portion of the moving needle.

Selon un mode de développement de l'invention, l'organe conducteur mobile comporte une première zone de contact électrique reliée au pourtour externe dudit organe par au moins un épaulement. L'enveloppe creuse comporte des premiers moyens de connexion électrique déformables, lesdits moyens de connexion électrique déformables étant destinés à entrer en contact avec ledit au moins un épaulement pour se déplacer sous l'action d'un effort de pousser et se déformer contre une butée de déplacement. Lesdits premiers moyens de connexion électrique déformés développant une force de serrage ayant une composante principale dirigée selon une direction radial perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal, la force serrage assurant une liaison électromécanique entre la première zone de contact électrique de l'organe conducteur mobile et les premiers moyens de connexion électrique déformables.According to a development mode of the invention, the movable conductive member comprises a first electrical contact zone connected to the outer periphery of said member by at least one shoulder. The hollow envelope comprises first deformable electrical connection means, said deformable electrical connection means being intended to come into contact with said at least one shoulder to move under the action of a force to push and deform against a stop of displacement. Said first deformed first electrical connection means developing a clamping force having a principal component directed in a radial direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, the clamping force ensuring an electromechanical connection between the first electrical contact area of the movable conductive member and the first deformable electrical connection means.

De préférence, les premiers moyens de connexion électrique déformables ont une forme annulaire, ladite forme annulaire ayant un pourtour interne de section sensiblement identique à celle du pourtour externe de la première zone de contact électrique de l'organe conducteur mobile. Ladite forme annulaire a un pourtour externe de section sensiblement identique à celle du pourtour interne de l'enveloppe creuse.Preferably, the first deformable electrical connection means have an annular shape, said annular shape having an inner periphery of substantially identical section to that of the outer periphery of the first electrical contact area of the movable conductive member. Said annular shape has an outer periphery of substantially identical section to that of the inner periphery of the hollow envelope.

De préférence, ledit organe conducteur mobile comporte une section cylindrique au niveau la première zone de contact électrique, section ayant rayon externe égal au rayon interne de ladite forme annulaire des premiers moyens de connexion électrique déformables.Preferably, said movable conductive member comprises a cylindrical section at the first electrical contact zone, section having an outer radius equal to the inner radius of said annular shape of the first deformable electrical connection means.

Selon un mode particulier de réalisation, les premiers moyens de connexion électrique déformables comprennent au moins une rondelle métallique comportant, selon la direction radiale, une surface développée supérieure à la surface projetée selon cette direction.According to a particular embodiment, the first deformable electrical connection means comprise at least one metal washer having, in the radial direction, a developed surface greater than the surface projected in this direction.

De préférence, ladite au moins une rondelle métallique a une forme conique.Preferably, said at least one metal washer has a conical shape.

Avantageusement, les premiers moyens de connexion électrique déformables comportent au moins deux rondelles métalliques coniques empilées.Advantageously, the first deformable electrical connection means comprise at least two stacked conical metal washers.

Avantageusement, lesdites au moins deux rondelles métalliques coniques sont empilées tête-bêche.Advantageously, said at least two conical metal washers are stacked head to tail.

Avantageusement, les rondelles métalliques sont reliées mécaniquement deux par deux pour ne former qu'un élément conducteur.Advantageously, the metal washers are mechanically connected two by two to form a conductive element.

De préférence, l'enveloppe creuse comporte des moyens de compression intermédiaires, lesdits moyens de compression étant destinés à se déplacer au contact de l'épaulement et transmettre uniformément l'effort de poussé aux premiers moyens de connexion électrique déformables.Preferably, the hollow envelope comprises intermediate compression means, said compression means being intended to move in contact with the shoulder and uniformly transmit the thrust force to the first deformable electrical connection means.

Selon un mode de développement de l'invention, le court-circuiteur comporte au moins des seconds moyens de connexion électriques déformables reliés électriquement à une au moins troisième borne électrique et étant destinés à entrer en contact électrique avec une seconde zone de contact électrique de l'ensemble fonctionnel mobile se déplaçant.According to a development mode of the invention, the short-circuiter comprises at least second deformable electrical connection means electrically connected to at least one third electrical terminal and being intended to come into electrical contact with a second electrical contact zone of mobile functional assembly moving.

Selon un mode particulier de réalisation, les moyens de connexion électrique déformables et l'organe mobile conducteur sont positionnés dans une ampoule à vide, en position ouverte, l'isolation électrique étant réalisée par le vide.According to a particular embodiment, the deformable electrical connection means and the mobile conductive member are positioned in a vacuum bulb, in the open position, the electrical insulation being made by vacuum.

Selon un mode particulier de réalisation, le court-circuiteur comporte un diélectrique semi liquide destiné à isoler les moyens de connexion électrique déformables de l'organe mobile conducteur.According to a particular embodiment, the short-circuiter comprises a semi-liquid dielectric designed to isolate the deformable electrical connection means from the mobile conducting member.

Avantageusement, le diélectrique semi liquide comporte un gel silicone Avantageusement, le diélectrique semi liquide est contenu dans une cage de contention.Advantageously, the semi-liquid dielectric comprises a silicone gel Advantageously, the semi-liquid dielectric is contained in a contention cage.

De préférence, la première zone de contact électrique est placée au niveau d'une première extrémité de l'organe conducteur mobile, ladite première extrémité comportant une zone de pénétration pointue et creuse.Preferably, the first electrical contact area is located at a first end of the movable conductive member, said first end having a pointed and hollow penetration area.

Avantageusement, la première zone de contact électrique de la première extrémité est rugueuse et/ou moletée et/ou striée.Advantageously, the first electrical contact zone of the first end is rough and / or knurled and / or ridged.

Avantageusement, l'ensemble fonctionnel mobile est animé d'un mouvement gyroscopique pendant son déplacement selon l'axe longitudinal de déplacement.Advantageously, the mobile functional assembly is animated by a gyroscopic movement during its displacement along the longitudinal axis of displacement.

L'ensemble de protection contre les arcs internes comprend un capteur de détection de l'arc interne relié à une centrale de décision, ladite centrale de décision relié à un ou plusieurs court-circuiteur étant destinée à autoriser l'actionnement des actionneurs pyrotechniques.The internal arc protection assembly comprises an internal arc detection sensor connected to a decision unit, said decision unit connected to one or more short-circuiters being intended to authorize the actuation of the pyrotechnic actuators.

BREVE DESCRIPTION DES FIGURESBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques ressortiront plus clairement de la description qui va suivre de modes particuliers de réalisation de l'invention, donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, et représentés aux dessins annexés sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1 reprĂ©sente une vue en coupe d'un actionneur pyrotechnique dans une position armĂ©ee selon un mode prĂ©fĂ©rentiel de rĂ©alisation de l'invention ;
  • la figure 2 reprĂ©sente une vue en coupe d'un actionneur pyrotechnique dans une position dĂ©clenchĂ©e selon la figure 1 ;
  • la figure 3 reprĂ©sente une vue en coupe d'un ensemble Ă  contacts Ă©lectriques auto-serrant dans une position ouverte d'un court-circuiteur Ă©lectrique selon un premier mode prĂ©fĂ©rentiel de rĂ©alisation de l'invention ;
  • la figure 4 reprĂ©sente une vue en coupe d'un ensemble Ă  contacts Ă©lectriques auto-serrant dans une position fermĂ©e d'un court-circuiteur Ă©lectrique selon la figure 3 ;
  • la figure 5 reprĂ©sente reprĂ©sente des variantes de rĂ©alisation des premiers moyens de connexion Ă©lectrique dĂ©formables de l'ensemble Ă  contacts Ă©lectriques selon les figures 3 et 4 ;
  • la figure 6 reprĂ©sente une vue en coupe d'un court-circuiteur Ă©lectrique dans une position ouverte selon un premier mode prĂ©fĂ©rentiel de rĂ©alisation de l'invention ;
  • la figure 6A reprĂ©sente une vue en perspective ouverte d'un court-circuiteur Ă©lectrique dans une position ouverte selon un premier mode prĂ©fĂ©rentiel de rĂ©alisation de l'invention ;
  • la figure 7 reprĂ©sente une vue en coupe d'un court-circuiteur Ă©lectrique dans une position fermĂ©e selon la figure 6 ;
  • la figure 8 reprĂ©sente une vue en coupe d'un court-circuiteur Ă©lectrique dans une position ouverte selon un second mode prĂ©fĂ©rentiel de rĂ©alisation de l'invention ;
  • la figure 9 reprĂ©sente une vue en coupe d'un court-circuiteur Ă©lectrique dans une position fermĂ©e selon la figure 8 ;
  • la figure 10 reprĂ©sente une vue d'un ensemble de protection contre les arcs internes selon un premier mode prĂ©fĂ©rentiel de rĂ©alisation de l'invention ;
  • la figure 11 reprĂ©sente une vue d'un ensemble de protection contre les arcs internes selon un second mode prĂ©fĂ©rentiel de rĂ©alisation de l'invention.
Other advantages and features will emerge more clearly from the following description of particular embodiments of the invention, given by way of non-limiting examples, and represented in the accompanying drawings in which:
  • the figure 1 represents a sectional view of a pyrotechnic actuator in an armed position according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;
  • the figure 2 represents a sectional view of a pyrotechnic actuator in a triggered position according to the figure 1 ;
  • the figure 3 is a sectional view of a set of electrical contacts self-tightening in an open position of an electric short-circuiter according to a first preferred embodiment of the invention;
  • the figure 4 is a sectional view of a self-clamping electrical contact assembly in a closed position of an electrical short-circuit according to the figure 3 ;
  • the figure 5 represents represents alternative embodiments of the first deformable electrical connection means of the electrical contact assembly according to the Figures 3 and 4 ;
  • the figure 6 represents a sectional view of an electric short-circuiter in an open position according to a first preferred embodiment of the invention;
  • the Figure 6A represents an open perspective view of an electrical short-circuiter in an open position according to a first preferred embodiment of the invention;
  • the figure 7 represents a sectional view of an electrical short-circuiter in a closed position according to the figure 6 ;
  • the figure 8 represents a sectional view of an electric short-circuiter in an open position according to a second preferred embodiment of the invention;
  • the figure 9 represents a sectional view of an electrical short-circuiter in a closed position according to the figure 8 ;
  • the figure 10 represents a view of an internal arc protection assembly according to a first preferred embodiment of the invention;
  • the figure 11 represents a view of a set of protection against bows internal members according to a second preferred embodiment of the invention.

DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE D'UN MODE DE REALISATIONDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF AN EMBODIMENT

Le court-circuiteur électrique 1 selon l'invention est destiné à placer en court-circuit au moins deux bornes électriques telles que par exemple deux conducteurs de phase U, V, W entre elles, deux ou trois conducteurs de phases U, V, W à une borne de terre. Le court-circuiteur 1 tel que représenté sur la figures 4 et 5 permet par exemple de relier un conducteur de phase à une borne de terre.The electric short-circuit 1 according to the invention is intended to short-circuit at least two electrical terminals such as for example two phase conductors U, V, W between them, two or three phase conductors U, V, W at an earth terminal. The short-circuiter 1 as represented on the Figures 4 and 5 allows for example to connect a phase conductor to a ground terminal.

Le court-circuiteur 1 a deux positions de fonctionnement ; une position fermée lorsque toutes les bornes électriques sont au même potentiel électrique et une position ouverte lorsque les bornes électriques ont des potentiels électriques différents.The short-circuiter 1 has two operating positions; a closed position when all the electrical terminals are at the same electrical potential and an open position when the electrical terminals have different electrical potentials.

Le court-circuiteur 1 selon les différents modes de réalisation de l'invention comporte une enveloppe isolante 100 dans laquelle sont positionnés un actionneur pyrotechnique 200 et un ensemble à contacts électriques auto-serrant 300.The short-circuiter 1 according to the different embodiments of the invention comprises an insulating jacket 100 in which are positioned a pyrotechnic actuator 200 and a self-clamping electrical contact assembly 300.

Comme représenté sur les figures 3 et 4, l'ensemble à contact électrique auto-serrant 300 comprend un organe conducteur mobile 301 destiné à être relié à au moins une première borne électrique. L'organe conducteur mobile 301 s'étend selon un axe longitudinal Y. Ledit ensemble 300 comprend en outre une enveloppe creuse 302 destinée à être reliée à une seconde borne électrique. L'enveloppe creuse 302 a une ouverture pour le passage dudit organe conducteur mobile 301. Ledit organe et ladite enveloppe sont destinés à rentrer en contact électrique en se déplaçant l'un par rapport à l'autre sous l'action de l'aiguille mobile 201.As shown on Figures 3 and 4 the self-clamping electrical contact assembly 300 includes a movable conductive member 301 for connection to at least a first electrical terminal. The movable conductive member 301 extends along a longitudinal axis Y. Said assembly 300 further comprises a hollow envelope 302 intended to be connected to a second electrical terminal. The hollow envelope 302 has an opening for the passage of said movable conductive member 301. Said member and said envelope are intended to come into electrical contact by moving relative to each other under the action of the moving needle. 201.

De préférence, l'enveloppe creuse 302 est fixée dans l'enveloppe isolante 100 du court-circuiteur 1. L'organe conducteur mobile 301 est alors destiné à être propulsé par l'aiguille mobile 201 de l'actionneur pyrotechnique 200.Preferably, the hollow envelope 302 is fixed in the insulating casing 100 of the short-circuiter 1. The movable conductive member 301 is then intended to be propelled by the moving needle 201 of the pyrotechnic actuator 200.

Comme représenté sur les figures 1 et 2, l'actionneur pyrotechnique 200 comprend une aiguille mobile 201 destinée à se déplacer selon un axe longitudinal Y entre une première position armée et une seconde position déclenchée. Au cours de son déplacement, ladit aiguille provoque la fermeture de l'ensemble à contacts électriques auto-serrant 300. Traditionnellement, l'aiguille mobile 201 est destinée à être propulsée par des gaz comprimés générés par l'explosion d'une charge pyrotechnique. L'énergie d'actionnement dégagée par l'actionneur pyrotechnique 200 garantit une vitesse élevée de fermeture des contacts électriques de l'ensemble à contacts électriques auto-serrant 300. Ladite aiguille peut se déplacer à l'intérieur d'un corps de vérin 202. La première position armée de l'aiguille mobile 201 correspond généralement à un état électrique ouvert de l'ensemble à contacts électriques auto-serrant 300. La position déclenchée de l'aiguille mobile 201 correspond généralement à un état électrique fermé de l'ensemble contacts électriques auto-serrant 300.As shown on Figures 1 and 2 , the pyrotechnic actuator 200 comprises a movable needle 201 for moving along a longitudinal axis Y between a first armed position and a second triggered position. During its movement, said needle causes the closing of the assembly with self-tightening electrical contacts 300. Traditionally, the moving needle 201 is intended to be propelled by compressed gases generated by the explosion of a pyrotechnic charge. The operating energy released by the pyrotechnic actuator 200 ensures a high closing speed of the electrical contacts of the self-clamping electrical contact assembly 300. Said needle can move within a cylinder body 202 The first armed position of the moving needle 201 generally corresponds to an open electrical state of the self-clamping electrical contact assembly 300. The triggered position of the moving needle 201 generally corresponds to a closed electrical state of the assembly. self-tightening electrical contacts 300.

Selon les modes préférentiels de réalisation de l'invention, l'aiguille mobile 201 est reliée par une liaison mécanique à une seconde extrémité 313 de l'organe conducteur mobile 301. Ainsi, le déplacement de l'aiguille mobile 201 entraine celui de l'organe conducteur mobile 301 selon le même axe longitudinal de déplacement Y. Ainsi, bien que pouvant former deux pièces physiques distincts, l'aiguille mobile 201 et l'organe conducteur mobile 301 forment un seul ensemble fonctionnel mobile 201-301. En effet, les deux pièces constituant l'ensemble fonctionnel mobile 201-301 se déplacent simultanément selon l'axe longitudinal de déplacement Y et sont au même potentiel électrique.According to the preferred embodiments of the invention, the movable needle 201 is connected by a mechanical connection to a second end 313 of the movable conductive member 301. Thus, the movement of the movable needle 201 causes that of the movable member 301 along the same longitudinal axis of displacement Y. Thus, although able to form two separate physical parts, the movable needle 201 and the movable conductive member 301 form a single movable functional assembly 201-301. Indeed, the two parts constituting the mobile functional assembly 201-301 move simultaneously along the longitudinal axis of displacement Y and are at the same electrical potential.

Le court-circuiteur 1 est dans un état de fonctionnement fermée lorsque l'ensemble à contacts électriques auto-serrant 300 est dans un état électrique fermé. Le court-circuiteur 1 est dans une état de fonctionnement ouvert lorsque l'ensemble à contacts électriques auto-serrant 300 est dans un état électrique ouvert.The short-circuiter 1 is in a closed state of operation when the self-clamping electrical contact assembly 300 is in a closed electrical state. The short-circuiter 1 is in an open operating state when the self-clamping electrical contact assembly 300 is in an open electrical state.

Comme représenté sur les figures 1 et 2, le corps de vérin 202 conducteur de l'actionneur pyrotechnique 200 comprend une première et une seconde extrémité. La première extrémité étant fermée par une culasse 204. La seconde extrémité comportant une ouverture pour le passage de l'aiguille mobile 201. Un initiateur pyrotechnique 206 placé à l'intérieur de la culasse 204 destiné à générer un gaz à l'intérieur du corps de vérin 202 et propulser l'aiguille mobile 201 à travers la seconde extrémité.As shown on Figures 1 and 2 , the actuator cylinder body 202 of the pyrotechnic actuator 200 comprises a first and a second end. The first end being closed by a yoke 204. The second end having an opening for the passage of the movable needle 201. An initiator pyrotechnic device 206 placed inside the cylinder head 204 for generating a gas inside the cylinder body 202 and propelling the moving needle 201 through the second end.

L'ensemble fonctionnel mobile 201-301 comporte une première zone et au moins une seconde zone de contact électrique. Les zones de contact électrique sont reliées électriquement entre elles.The mobile functional assembly 201-301 comprises a first zone and at least a second electrical contact zone. The electrical contact zones are electrically connected to one another.

Ladite première zone de contact électrique, située de préférence au niveau de la première extrémité 312 de l'organe conducteur mobile 301, est destinée à être en contact électrique avec les premiers moyens de connexion électrique déformables 323 de l'enveloppe creuse 302 de l'ensemble à contact auto-serrant 300, ledit ensemble étant alors en position fermée.Said first electrical contact zone, preferably located at the first end 312 of the movable conductive member 301, is intended to be in electrical contact with the first deformable electrical connection means 323 of the hollow envelope 302 of the self-clamping contact assembly 300, said assembly then being in the closed position.

Ladite au moins une seconde zone de contact électrique de l'ensemble fonctionnel mobile 201-301 est destinée à être reliée à au moins une seconde borne électrique.Said at least one second electrical contact zone of the mobile functional assembly 201-301 is intended to be connected to at least one second electrical terminal.

Soit, ladite au moins une seconde zone de contact électrique est reliée de manière permanente à la seconde borne quelque soit l'état électrique de l'ensemble à contact électrique auto-serrant 300.That is, said at least one second electrical contact zone is permanently connected to the second terminal regardless of the electrical state of the self-clamping electrical contact assembly 300.

Soit, ladite au moins une seconde zone de contact électrique est destinée à être placée en contact avec la seconde borne après que le organe conducteur mobile 301 ait commencé son déplacement, autrement dit après que l'aiguille mobile 201 ait quitté la position armée.That is, said at least one second electrical contact area is intended to be placed in contact with the second terminal after the movable conductive member 301 has begun moving, that is, after the moving needle 201 has left the armed position.

Selon un premier mode préférentiel de réalisation tel que présenté sur les figures 6 et 7, l'ensemble fonctionnel mobile 201-301 comprend au moins une seconde zone électrique en contact permanent avec une seconde borne électrique du court-circuiteur 1. La notion de contact permanent signifie que le contact entre ladite seconde zone et la seconde borne électrique est réalisé quel que soit la position de l'organe conducteur mobile 301.According to a first preferred embodiment as presented on the Figures 6 and 7 , the mobile functional assembly 201-301 comprises at least one second electrical zone in permanent contact with a second electrical terminal of the short-circuiter 1. The notion of permanent contact means that the contact between said second zone and the second electrical terminal is realized whatever the position of the movable conductive member 301.

La connexion entre ladite au moins une seconde zone et la seconde borne est réalisé via un corps de vérin 202 de l'actionneur pyrotechnique 200. Autrement dit, l'ensemble fonctionnel mobile 201-301 est relié électriquement à une seconde borne électrique via le corps de vérin 202 conducteur. Le corps de vérin 202 comporte des moyens destinés à être reliés électriquement à la première borne électrique.The connection between said at least one second zone and the second terminal is achieved via a cylinder body 202 of the pyrotechnic actuator 200. In other words, the mobile functional assembly 201-301 is electrically connected to a second electrical terminal via the conductive cylinder body 202. The cylinder body 202 comprises means intended to be electrically connected to the first electrical terminal.

En outre, des moyens de connexion électrique 207 maintiennent un contact électrique permanent entre le corps de vérin 202 conducteur et l'ensemble fonctionnel mobile 201-301. Les moyens de connexion électrique 207 comportent un contact annulaire multipoint 207 positionné entre le volume interne du corps de vérin 202 conducteur et l'ensemble fonctionnel mobile 201-301. A titre d'exemple, le contact annulaire multipoint 207 est composé d'au moins un ressort hélicoïdal enroulé et positionné dans une gorge circulaire. A titre d'exemple, la gorge est placée dans la paroi interne du corps de vérin 202. Le dimensionnement et le nombre de contact annulaire multipoint 207 est fonction du calibre de l'appareil et l'intensité des courants électriques à véhiculer.In addition, electrical connection means 207 maintain a permanent electrical contact between the conductive cylinder body 202 and the mobile functional assembly 201-301. The electrical connection means 207 comprise a multipoint annular contact 207 positioned between the internal volume of the conductive cylinder body 202 and the mobile functional assembly 201-301. For example, the multipoint annular contact 207 is composed of at least one helical spring wound and positioned in a circular groove. For example, the groove is placed in the inner wall of the cylinder body 202. The dimensioning and the number of multipoint annular contact 207 is a function of the caliber of the device and the intensity of the electric currents to be conveyed.

Selon ce mode préférentiel de réalisation de l'invention représenté sur les figures 4 et 5, deux contacts annulaires multipoint 207 sont en contact avec les zones de contact électrique de l'ensemble fonctionnel mobile 201-301. A titre d'exemple de réalisation, un premier contact annulaire multipoint 207 est en contact avec l'aiguille mobile 201 et un second contact annulaire est en contact avec l'organe conducteur mobile 301.According to this preferred embodiment of the invention shown in the Figures 4 and 5 two annular multipoint contacts 207 are in contact with the electrical contact areas of the movable functional assembly 201-301. As an exemplary embodiment, a first multipoint annular contact 207 is in contact with the moving needle 201 and a second annular contact is in contact with the movable conductive member 301.

Selon une variante de réalisation de l'invention, le corps de vérin 202 peut comporter une enveloppe interne 203 positionnée à l'intérieur dudit corps et enveloppe au moins une partie de l'aiguille mobile 201. L'enveloppe interne 203 permet d'assurer une meilleure étanchéité aux gaz générés par l'initiateur pyrotechnique 206 au moment de son activation. L'enveloppe interne 203 assure également une meilleure tenue mécanique au moment de l'explosion de la charge de initiateur pyrotechnique 206. De préférence, l'enveloppe interne 203 a la forme d'un tube.According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the jack body 202 may comprise an inner casing 203 positioned inside said body and enveloping at least a portion of the movable needle 201. The inner casing 203 ensures a better gas tightness generated by the pyrotechnic initiator 206 at the time of its activation. The inner casing 203 also provides better mechanical strength at the time of the explosion of the pyrotechnic initiator charge 206. Preferably, the inner casing 203 has the shape of a tube.

Selon une variante de réalisation, l'aiguille mobile 201 comporte une première butée axiale destinée à entrer en contact une seconde butée du corps du vérin 202 pour bloquer la dite aiguille en position déclenchée. La seconde butée peut être positionnée sur l'enveloppe interne 203. Ladite seconde butée du corps du vérin 202 est déformable pour absorber une partie de l'énergie de déplacement de l'aiguille mobile 201.According to an alternative embodiment, the moving needle 201 comprises a first axial abutment intended to come into contact with a second abutment of the body of the jack 202 to lock said needle in the tripped position. The second stop can it is positioned on the inner casing 203. Said second stop of the cylinder body 202 is deformable to absorb a part of the displacement energy of the moving needle 201.

Selon un second mode préférentiel de réalisation tel que représenté sur les figures 8 et 9, l'ensemble fonctionnel mobile 201-301 comprend au moins une seconde zone électrique en contact destinée à être placée en contact avec au moins une second borne électrique après que le organe conducteur mobile 301 ait commencé son déplacement.According to a second preferred embodiment as shown in the Figures 8 and 9 , the mobile functional assembly 201-301 comprises at least a second electrical zone in contact intended to be placed in contact with at least one second electrical terminal after the movable conductive member 301 has begun to move.

Lorsque le court-circuiteur 1 est en position ouverte, l'ensemble à contacts électriques auto-serrant 300 est dans un état ouvert, et toutes les bornes électriques sont isolées électriquement.When the short-circuiter 1 is in the open position, the self-clamping electrical contact assembly 300 is in an open state, and all electrical terminals are electrically isolated.

Lorsque le court-circuiteur 1 est en position fermée, l'ensemble à contact électrique auto-serrant 300 est fermé après un déplacement de l'ensemble fonctionnel mobile 201-301. La première zone de contact électrique de l'organe conducteur mobile 301 est en contact avec les premiers moyens de connexion électrique déformables 323 de l'enveloppe creuse 302. Ladite au moins une seconde zone de contact électrique est alors en contact avec une seconde borne électrique via un second moyen de connexion électrique déformable 400. En effet, au cours de son déplacement, l'ensemble fonctionnel mobile 201-301 rentre en contact avec au moins un second moyen de connexion électrique déformable 400 relié électriquement à une seconde borne électrique. Ainsi, en position fermée, les seconds moyens de connexion électrique déformables 400 reliés à une seconde borne électrique sont placées en court-circuit avec la première borne électrique connectée via les premiers moyens de connexion électrique déformables 323.When the short-circuiter 1 is in the closed position, the self-clamping electrical contact assembly 300 is closed after a displacement of the mobile functional assembly 201-301. The first electrical contact zone of the movable conductive member 301 is in contact with the first deformable electrical connection means 323 of the hollow envelope 302. Said at least one second electrical contact zone is then in contact with a second electrical terminal via a second deformable electrical connection means 400. Indeed, during its movement, the movable assembly 201-301 comes into contact with at least one second deformable electrical connection means 400 electrically connected to a second electrical terminal. Thus, in the closed position, the second deformable electrical connection means 400 connected to a second electrical terminal are placed in short circuit with the first electrical terminal connected via the first deformable electrical connection means 323.

Selon ce second mode préférentiel de réalisation de l'invention, le court-circuiteur 1 comporte trois seconds moyens de connexion électrique déformables 400 reliés respectivement à une borne électrique. Ce mode de réalisation permet de court-circuiter trois conducteurs de phase U, V, W à la terre. En effet, chaque second moyen connexion électrique déformable 400 sera en contact avec une seconde zone de contact électrique de l'ensemble fonctionnel mobile 201-301, elles-mêmes reliées à la une borne de terre par l'intermédiaire de l'ensemble à contacts électriques auto-serrant 300. Lesdites zones de contact électrique de l'ensemble fonctionnel mobile 201-301 sont toutes au même potentiel de terre lorsque l'ensemble à contacts électriques auto-serrant 300 est dans un état fermé. Selon un mode de réalisation, le corps de vérin 202 conducteur n'est pas connecté électriquement à une borne électrique. Ainsi, l'ensemble fonctionnel mobile 201-301 n'est pas en contact avec une borne électrique lorsque le court-circuiteur 1 est en position ouvert.According to this second preferred embodiment of the invention, the short-circuiter 1 comprises three second deformable electrical connection means 400 respectively connected to an electrical terminal. This embodiment makes it possible to short-circuit three phase conductors U, V, W to earth. Indeed, each second deformable electrical connection means 400 will be in contact with a second electrical contact zone of the mobile functional assembly 201-301, themselves connected to the one earth terminal via the set to self-clamping electrical contacts 300. Said electrical contact areas of the movable functional assembly 201-301 are all at the same earth potential when the self-clamping electrical contact assembly 300 is in a closed state. According to one embodiment, the conductive cylinder body 202 is not electrically connected to an electrical terminal. Thus, the mobile functional assembly 201-301 is not in contact with an electrical terminal when the short-circuiter 1 is in the open position.

Selon un mode particulier de réalisation non présenté, le court-circuiteur 1 comporte seulement deux seconds moyens de connexion électriques à lamelles 400 reliés respectivement à un conducteur de phase. Le troisième conducteur de phase serait alors relié au corps de vérin 202, lui-même relié électriquement à l'ensemble mobile fonctionnel 201-301 par un ou plusieurs contacts annulaires multipoint 207.According to a particular embodiment not shown, the short-circuiter 1 comprises only two second electric connection means with lamellae 400 respectively connected to a phase conductor. The third phase conductor would then be connected to the cylinder body 202, itself electrically connected to the functional mobile assembly 201-301 by one or more multipoint annular contacts 207.

La particularité de l'actionneur pyrotechnique autonome selon ces modes de réalisation de l'invention est de former un module d'actionnement pyrotechnique complet et autonome qui regroupe au moins les trois fonctionnalités suivantes.The particularity of the autonomous pyrotechnic actuator according to these embodiments of the invention is to form a complete and autonomous pyrotechnic actuation module which groups together at least the following three functionalities.

Premièrement, l'actionneur pyrotechnique autonome est étanche et aucune manifestation extérieure due aux gaz d'explosion n'est observée à l'extérieur du corps de vérin 202. En effet, le corps de vérin 202 associé à l'ensemble fonctionnel mobile 201-301 assure une étanchéité de l'intérieur vers l'extérieur dudit corps.First, the autonomous pyrotechnic actuator is sealed and no external manifestation due to the explosion gases is observed outside the cylinder body 202. Indeed, the cylinder body 202 associated with the mobile functional assembly 201- 301 provides a seal from the inside to the outside of said body.

Deuxièmement, le corps de vérin 202 est conducteur et est destiné à être connecté électriquement à une borne électrique.Secondly, the cylinder body 202 is conductive and is intended to be electrically connected to an electrical terminal.

Troisièmement, l'ensemble fonctionnel mobile 201-301 comprenant au moins une aiguille mobile 201 est conducteur et est destiné à être connectée électriquement au corps de vérin 202.Thirdly, the mobile functional assembly 201-301 comprising at least one moving needle 201 is conductive and is intended to be electrically connected to the cylinder body 202.

Comme représenté sur les figures 3 et 4, la première zone de contact électrique est placée de préférence au niveau d'une première extrémité 312 de l'organe conducteur mobile 301. Cette première zone de contact électrique est reliée au pourtour externe dudit organe conducteur mobile 301 par au moins un épaulement 314.As shown on Figures 3 and 4 , the first electrical contact zone is preferably placed at a first end 312 of the movable conductive member 301. This first electrical contact zone is connected to the outer periphery of said movable conductive member 301 by at least one shoulder 314.

De préférence, l'organe conducteur mobile 301 est de forme cylindrique. Le diamètre du cylindre au niveau de la première extrémité 312 est inférieur au diamètre du reste de l'organe conducteur mobile 301. La jonction des cylindres de diamètre différent forme alors ledit épaulement 314.Preferably, the movable conductive member 301 is of cylindrical shape. The diameter of the cylinder at the first end 312 is smaller than the diameter of the remainder of the movable conductive member 301. The junction of the cylinders of different diameter then forms said shoulder 314.

Selon une variante de réalisation non représentée, l'épaulement peut être par exemple réalisé au moyen d'une rondelle emboitée sur le corps cylindrique de l'organe conducteur mobile 301.According to an alternative embodiment not shown, the shoulder may be for example made by means of a washer engaged on the cylindrical body of the movable conductive member 301.

Comme représenté sur les figures 3 et 4, l'enveloppe creuse 302 comporte des premiers moyens de connexion électrique déformables 323. Lesdits premiers moyens de connexion électrique déformables 323 sont destinés à se déplacer et à se déformer sous l'action d'un effort de poussée Fp généré par l'organe conducteur mobile 301 en déplacement. L'effort de poussée Fp est généré lorsque l'épaulement 314 de l'organe conducteur mobile 301 vient en contact avec les premiers moyens connexion électrique déformables 323. Lesdits moyens de connexion, placés en contact avec une butée de déplacement 322 tendent alors à se déformer. Lesdits premiers moyens connexion électrique déformables 323 déformés développent alors une force de serrage Fs ayant une composante principale dirigée selon une direction radial Z perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal de déplacement Y. La force serrage Fs assure à la fois une liaison mécanique et une liaison électrique entre la première zone de contact électrique de l'organe conducteur mobile 301 et les moyens de connexion électriques déformables 303.As shown on Figures 3 and 4 , the hollow envelope 302 comprises first deformable electrical connection means 323. Said first deformable electrical connection means 323 are intended to move and to deform under the action of a thrust force Fp generated by the conductive member mobile 301 on the move. The thrust force Fp is generated when the shoulder 314 of the movable conductive member 301 comes into contact with the first deformable electrical connection means 323. Said connection means, placed in contact with a displacement stop 322, then tend to deform. Said first deformable first deformable electrical connection means 323 then develop a clamping force Fs having a principal component directed in a radial direction Z perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of displacement Y. The clamping force Fs provides both a mechanical connection and an electrical connection. between the first electrical contact zone of the movable conductive member 301 and the deformable electrical connection means 303.

En outre, compte tenu de la présence de la force de serrage Fs, au moment de la fermeture, l'organe conducteur mobile 301 ne peut pas rebondir contre l'enveloppe creuse 302. Un rebond néfaste entrainerait une réouverture des contacts électriques de l'ensemble à contact 300.In addition, given the presence of the clamping force Fs, at the time of closing, the movable conductive member 301 can not bounce against the hollow envelope 302. A harmful rebound would cause a reopening of the electrical contacts of the contact assembly 300.

L'enveloppe creuse 302 comporte de préférence un alésage cylindrique débouchant. Les premiers moyens connexion électrique déformables 323 ont une forme annulaire et sont positionnés à l'intérieur de l'alésage cylindrique.The hollow envelope 302 preferably comprises a cylindrical opening bore. The first deformable electrical connection means 323 are annular in shape and are positioned within the cylindrical bore.

Ladite forme annulaire a un pourtour externe de section sensiblement identique à celle du pourtour interne de l'alésage de l'enveloppe creuse 302.Said annular shape has an outer periphery of substantially identical section to that of the inner periphery of the bore of the hollow envelope 302.

En outre, le organe conducteur mobile 301 comporte une section cylindrique au niveau la première zone de contact électrique. La forme annulaire des premiers moyens de connexion électrique déformables 323 a un pourtour interne de section sensiblement identique à celle du pourtour externe de la première zone de contact électrique de l'organe conducteur mobile 301.In addition, the movable conductive member 301 has a cylindrical section at the first electrical contact area. The annular shape of the first deformable electrical connection means 323 has an inner periphery of substantially identical section to that of the outer periphery of the first electrical contact area of the movable conductive member 301.

Comme représenté sur la figure 5, les premiers moyens de connexion électrique déformables 323 comprennent au moins une rondelle métallique 324. Ladite au moins une rondelle métallique comporte, selon la direction radiale Z, une surface développée supérieure à la surface projetée.As shown on the figure 5 the first deformable electrical connection means 323 comprise at least one metal washer 324. Said at least one metal washer comprises, in the radial direction Z, a developed surface greater than the projected surface.

A titre d'exemple de réalisation, ladite au moins une rondelle métallique 324 a une forme conique. Comme représenté sur la figure 3, les premiers moyens de connexion électrique déformables 323 comportent au moins deux rondelles métalliques 324 coniques empilées. Les rondelles métalliques 324 coniques sont de préférence empilées tête-bêche.As an exemplary embodiment, said at least one metal washer 324 has a conical shape. As shown on the figure 3 the first deformable electrical connection means 323 comprise at least two stacked conical metal washers 324. The conical metal washers 324 are preferably stacked upside down.

Le choix du nombre de rondelles métalliques 324 à empiler est conditionné par la densité de courant électrique circulant à travers l'ensemble à contacts électriques auto-serrant 300 lorsque le court-circuiteur 1 est en position fermée. Selon un mode de développement, le court-circuiteur 1 est destiné à la circulation de courants de court-circuit de plusieurs kilos ampères. Douze rondelles métalliques 324 sont alors empilées tête-bêches contre la butée de déplacement 322.The choice of the number of metal washers 324 to be stacked is conditioned by the electrical current density flowing through the self-clamping electrical contact assembly 300 when the short-circuiter 1 is in the closed position. According to a development mode, the short-circuiter 1 is intended for the circulation of short-circuit currents of several kilos amperes. Twelve metal washers 324 are then stacked head-spades against the displacement stop 322.

Selon une variante de réalisation, les rondelles métalliques 324 coniques et empilées tête-bêche sont reliées mécaniquement deux par deux pour ne former qu'un élément conducteur déformable.According to an alternative embodiment, the metal washers 324 conical and stacked head to tail are mechanically connected in pairs to form a deformable conductive element.

Afin d'améliorer la répartition de l'effort de pousser Fp appliqué sur les premier moyens de connexion électrique déformables 323, il est préférable de placer une pièce intermédiaire entre l'épaulement 314 de l'organe conducteur mobile 301 et lesdits moyens de connexion. L'enveloppe creuse 302 comporte des moyens de compression intermédiaire 325 placés au niveau de l'ouverture de l'alésage de l'enveloppe creuse 302. De préférence, les moyens de compression intermédiaire 325 comprennent une rondelle métallique dont le diamètre interne est inférieur au diamètre externe de l'organe conducteur mobile 301 de manière à ce que l'épaulement 314 puisse venir en appui contre ladite rondelle métallique. Lesdits moyens de compression intermédiaire 325 sont destinés à se déplacer au contact de l'épaulement 314 et transmettre uniformément l'effort de poussé Fp aux premiers moyens de connexion électrique déformables 323. Les moyens de compression intermédiaire 325 sont conducteurs.In order to improve the distribution of the force to push Fp applied to the first deformable electrical connection means 323, it is preferable to place an intermediate piece between the shoulder 314 of the movable conductive member 301 and said connection means. The hollow envelope 302 comprises intermediate compression means 325 placed at the opening of the bore of the hollow envelope 302. Preferably, the intermediate compression means 325 comprise a metal washer whose internal diameter is less than outer diameter of the movable conductive member 301 so that the shoulder 314 can abut against said metal washer. Said intermediate compression means 325 are intended to move in contact with the shoulder 314 and uniformly transmit the thrust force Fp to the first deformable electrical connection means 323. The intermediate compression means 325 are conductive.

Lorsque les contacts électriques de l'ensemble 300 sont positionnés dans un état électrique ouvert, la première zone de contact électrique et les premiers moyens de connexion électrique déformables 323 sont isolés par un diélectrique ou par le vide.When the electrical contacts of the assembly 300 are positioned in an open electrical state, the first electrical contact area and the first deformable electrical connection means 323 are isolated by a dielectric or vacuum.

Selon le second mode préférentiel de réalisation tel que représenté sur les figures 8 et 9, l'isolation électrique entre les moyens de connexion électrique déformables 400 est peut être réalisée de préférence par le vide, l'ensemble des éléments étant alors positionnés de préférence dans une ampoule à vide.According to the second preferred embodiment as shown in the Figures 8 and 9 , the electrical insulation between the deformable electrical connection means 400 is preferably made by vacuum, all the elements then being preferably positioned in a vacuum bulb.

Selon le premier mode préférentiel de réalisation tel que représenté sur les figures 6 et 7, compte tenu des contraintes géométrique de réalisation du court-circuiteur 1 et des distances d'isolement à respecter, un diélectrique 4 est utilisé pour l'isolation électrique. Le diélectrique 4 est semi liquide et comprend de préférence un gel silicone. A titre d'exemple, lorsque le court-circuiteur 1 est utilisé pour relier électriquement un ou plusieurs phases à une borne de terre, les distances d'isolement entre les bornes électriques doivent être suffisantes pour les isoler notamment en cas de choc de foudre. Afin de faciliter la traversée du diélectrique 4 semi-liquide, la première extrémité 312 de l'organe conducteur mobile 301 comporte une zone de pénétration pointue. Pour réduire les contraintes mécaniques dues à l'expansion du diélectrique 4 semi-liquide dans le volume interne de l'ensemble à contact, la première extrémité 312 de l'organe conducteur mobile 301 comporte une zone de pénétration pointue et creuse. Une partie du diélectrique peut s'infiltrer à l'intérieur de l'organe conducteur mobile 301 lorsque ce dernier traverse le diélectrique.According to the first preferred embodiment as shown in the Figures 6 and 7 , given the geometrical constraints of realization of the short-circuiter 1 and the isolation distances to be respected, a dielectric 4 is used for the electrical insulation. The dielectric 4 is semi-liquid and preferably comprises a silicone gel. For example, when the short-circuiter 1 is used to electrically connect one or more phases to a ground terminal, the isolation distances between the electrical terminals must be sufficient to isolate them especially in the event of a lightning strike. In order to facilitate the crossing of the semi-liquid dielectric 4, the first end 312 of the movable conductive member 301 comprises a pointed penetration zone. In order to reduce the mechanical stresses due to the expansion of the semi-liquid dielectric 4 in the internal volume of the contact assembly, the first end 312 of the movable conductive member 301 comprises a pointed and hollow penetration zone. A part of the dielectric can infiltrate inside the movable conductive member 301 when the latter passes through the dielectric.

Selon une variante de réalisation de l'invention, le diélectrique semi liquide est contenu dans une cage de contention 303 placée dans l'enveloppe isolante. La cage de contention 303 comporte au moins deux anneaux reliés par des tiges.According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the semi-liquid dielectric is contained in a contention cage 303 placed in the insulating envelope. The contention cage 303 comprises at least two rings connected by rods.

Selon une variante des modes préférentiels de réalisation de l'invention, l'aiguille mobile 201 est animée d'un mouvement gyroscopique pendant son déplacement de la première position armée à la seconde position déclenchée. Ce mouvement gyroscopique est transmis à l'organe conducteur mobile 301 au cours de son déplacement.According to a variant of the preferred embodiments of the invention, the moving needle 201 is animated with a gyroscopic movement during its movement from the first armed position to the second triggered position. This gyro movement is transmitted to the movable conductive member 301 during its movement.

Selon une variante de réalisation de l'invention, la première zone de contact électrique de la première extrémité 312 est rugueuse et/ou moletée et/ou striée. Cet état de surface de la première zone de contact permet un meilleur contact électrique des contacts de l'ensemble à contact électriques auto-serrant 300 en position fermée.According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the first electrical contact zone of the first end 312 is rough and / or knurled and / or ridged. This surface state of the first contact zone allows better electrical contact of the contacts of the self-clamping electrical contact assembly 300 in the closed position.

Selon une variante de réalisation de l'invention, Toutes les zones de contact électrique de l'ensemble fonctionnel mobile 201, 301 sont rugueuses et/ou moletées et/ou striées.According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, all the electrical contact zones of the mobile functional assembly 201, 301 are rough and / or knurled and / or striated.

L'invention est aussi relative à un ensemble de protection contre les arcs internes. Comme représenté sur les figures 8 et 9, ledit ensemble est destiné à la protection d'une installation électrique alimentée par un jeu de barres électriques U, V, W. Afin de prévenir et de limiter les dégâts occasionnés par la naissance d'un arc électrique entre les barres, l'ensemble de protection est destiné à connecter toutes les barres électriques U, V, W à la terre. Cette connexion à la terre doit être réalisée pendant le temps nécessaire à déconnexion complète de l'installation par un disjoncteur. Ledit disjoncteur de protection est généralement placé en amont du défaut de court-circuit.The invention also relates to a protection assembly against internal arcs. As shown on Figures 8 and 9 , said assembly is intended for the protection of an electrical installation powered by an electric busbar U, V, W. In order to prevent and limit the damage caused by the birth of an electric arc between the bars, the assembly protection is intended to connect all the electric bars U, V, W to earth. This earth connection must be carried out during the time required for complete disconnection of the installation by a circuit breaker. Said protection circuit breaker is generally placed upstream of the short-circuit fault.

L'ensemble de protection contre les arcs internes comprend un capteur spécifique assure la détection de l'arc interne. Ce capteur, non représenté, peut notamment être un capteur optique. Ce capteur est relié, de préférence par fibres optique 21 à une centrale de décision 2. Cette centrale de décision 2 autorise l'actionnement des actionneurs pyrotechniques d'un ou plusieurs court-circuiteur 1 selon l'invention. Une liaison par fibres optiques autorise des transferts d'informations très rapides.The internal arc protection kit includes a specific sensor that detects the internal arc. This sensor, not shown, can in particular, to be an optical sensor. This sensor is connected, preferably by optical fibers 21 to a decision center 2. This decision center 2 allows the actuation of the pyrotechnic actuators of one or more short-circuiter 1 according to the invention. An optical fiber link allows very fast information transfers.

Comme représenté sur la figure 8, chaque phase peut être reliée à la terre par un court-circuiteur 1 indépendant, on parlera de court-circuiteur 1 monophasé.As shown on the figure 8 each phase can be connected to the earth by a short-circuiter 1 independent, it will speak of short-circuiter 1 single phase.

La centrale de décision 2 provoque la mise à feu des actionneurs pyrotechniques de chaque court-circuiteur 1. La synchronisation entre les trois court-circuiteurs 1 est assurée par le tube détonique 22. En cas de défaillance, le déclenchement d'un seul court-circuiteur 1 assure une fermeture simultanée des deux autres.The decision unit 2 causes the pyrotechnic actuators of each short-circuiter 1 to be fired. The synchronization between the three short-circuiters 1 is ensured by the detonation tube 22. In the event of a fault, the triggering of a single short-circuit circuiter 1 ensures simultaneous closure of the other two.

La mise à feu de la charge pyrotechnique entraine la translation presque instantanée d'un ensemble fonctionnel mobile 201-301. Ledit ensemble vient se placer et se verrouiller dans les premiers moyens de connexion électriques déformable 323. Toutes les bornes électriques U, V, W sont alors court-circuitées à la terre en quelques microsecondes.The firing of the pyrotechnic charge causes the almost instantaneous translation of a mobile functional assembly 201-301. Said assembly is placed and locked in the first deformable electrical connection means 323. All the electrical terminals U, V, W are then short-circuited to earth in a few microseconds.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation tel représenté sur la figure 9, un seul court-circuiteur 1 est utilisé pour placer en court-circuit simultanément les trois phases. On parlera de court-circuiteur 1 triphasé. L'ensemble de protection contre les arcs internes comprend aussi un capteur spécifique assurant la détection de l'arc interne. Ce capteur est relié à la centrale de décision 2 qui autorise l'actionnement l'actionneur pyrotechnique du court-circuiteur 1 triphasé.According to another embodiment as represented on the figure 9 only one short-circuiter 1 is used to short-circuit the three phases simultaneously. We will speak of a 3-phase short-circuiter. The internal arc protection assembly also includes a specific sensor to detect the internal arc. This sensor is connected to the decision unit 2 which authorizes the actuation of the pyrotechnic actuator of the three-phase short-circuiter 1.

Claims (15)

  1. An electric short-circuiting switch (1) between at least two electric terminals, a short-circuiting switch comprising an insulating enclosure (100) in which there are positioned:
    - a pyrotechnic actuator (200) designed to move a movable needle (201) for closing a self-clamping assembly with electric contacts (300), said movable needle (201) being designed to move along a longitudinal axis (Y) between a first set position and a second tripped position,
    - a self-clamping assembly with electric contacts (300) comprising:
    - a movable conducting part (301) designed to be connected to at least a first electric terminal and extending along a longitudinal axis (Y),
    - a hollow enclosure (302) designed to be connected to a second electric terminal,
    - said part and said enclosure being designed to come into electric contact by moving with respect to one another due to the action of the movable needle (201),
    characterized in that:
    the pyrotechnic actuator (200) comprises a conducting jack body (202) having means designed to be electrically connected to a second electric terminal, electric connection means (207) maintaining a permanent electric contact between the conducting jack body (202) and the movable needle (201) moving in said body.
  2. The electric short-circuiting switch according to claim 1, characterized in that the electric connection means (207) comprise at least one multipoint annular contact positioned between the internal volume of the conducting jack body (202) and the movable needle (201).
  3. The electric short-circuiting switch according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the movable needle (201) is connected by a mechanical link to the movable conducting part (301) and forms a movable functional assembly (201-301), the needle and said part being at the same electric potential.
  4. The electric short-circuiting switch according to any one of the foregoing claims, characterized in that
    - the movable conducting part (301) comprises a first electric contact area connected to the outer circumference of said part by at least one rim (314),
    - the hollow enclosure (302) comprises first deformable electric connection means (323), said deformable electric connection means being designed to come into contact with said at least one rim (314) to move due to the action of a thrust force (Fp) and to deform against a movement stop (322),
    - said first deformable electric connection means (323) developing a clamping force (Fs) having a main component directed in a radial direction (Z) perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (Y), the clamping force (Fs) ensuring an electromechanical connection between the first electric contact area of the movable conducting part (301) and the first deformable electric connection means (323).
  5. The electric short-circuiting switch according to claim 4, characterized in that the first deformable electric connection means (323) have an annular shape,
    - said annular shape having an internal circumference of substantially identical cross-section to that of the external circumference of the first electric contact area of the movable conducting part (301),
    - said annular shape having an external circumference of substantially identical cross-section to that of the internal circumference of the hollow enclosure (302).
  6. The electric short-circuiting switch according to claim 5, characterized in that said movable conducting part (301) comprises a cylindrical section at the level of the first electric contact area, said section having an external radius equal to the internal radius of said annular shape of the first deformable electric connection means (323).
  7. The electric short-circuiting switch according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the first deformable electric connection means (323) comprise at least one metal washer (324) comprising a developed surface that is larger than the projected surface, in a radial direction (Z).
  8. The electric short-circuiting switch according to claim 7, characterized in that said at least one metal washer (324) has a conical shape.
  9. The electric short-circuiting switch according to claim 8, characterized in that the first deformable electric connection means (323) comprise at least two stacked conical metal washers (324).
  10. The electric short-circuiting switch according to claim 9, characterized in that at least two conical metal washers (324) are stacked head-to-tail.
  11. The electric short-circuiting switch according to any one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the first electric contact area is placed at the level of a first end (312) of the movable conducting part (301), said first end (312) comprising a pointed and hollow penetration area.
  12. The electric short-circuiting switch according to any one of the foregoing claims, characterized in that the deformable electric connection means (323, 400) and the movable conducting part (301) are positioned in a vacuum cartridge, in the open position, electric insulation being performed by the vacuum.
  13. The electric short-circuiting switch according to any one of the foregoing claims 1 to 12, characterized in that it comprises a semi-liquid dielectric (4) designed to insulate the deformable electric connection means (323, 400) from the movable conducting part (301).
  14. The electric short-circuiting switch according to claim 13, characterized in that the semi-liquid dielectric (4) comprises a silicone gel.
  15. A device for protection against internal arcs designed to earth a set of electric bars (U, V, W) and comprising at least one short-circuiting switch (1) according to the foregoing claims, characterized in that it comprises a detection sensor of the electric arc connected to a decision-making unit (2), said decision-making unit (2) connected to one or more short-circuiting switches (1) being designed to authorize actuation of the pyrotechnical actuators.
EP20080354086 2007-12-18 2008-11-21 Electric short-circuiting switch comprising a standalone pyrotechnical actuator and assembly for protection against internal arcs comprising such a short-circuiting switch Active EP2073235B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0708814A FR2925213B1 (en) 2007-12-18 2007-12-18 ELECTRIC SHORT CIRCUITRY COMPRISING AN AUTONOMOUS PYROTECHNIC ACTUATOR AND INTERNAL ARC PROTECTION ASSEMBLY COMPRISING SUCH A SHORT CIRCUIT BREAKER

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2073235A1 EP2073235A1 (en) 2009-06-24
EP2073235B1 true EP2073235B1 (en) 2013-01-09

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20080354086 Active EP2073235B1 (en) 2007-12-18 2008-11-21 Electric short-circuiting switch comprising a standalone pyrotechnical actuator and assembly for protection against internal arcs comprising such a short-circuiting switch

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EP (1) EP2073235B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2399938T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2925213B1 (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8492672B2 (en) 2011-08-05 2013-07-23 Eaton Corporation Insulated arc flash arrester
FR2980301B1 (en) 2011-09-21 2014-06-20 Schneider Electric Ind Sas ELECTRICAL SHORT CIRCUIT WITH PYROTECHNIC ACTUATOR
SE536707C2 (en) * 2012-10-19 2014-06-10 Samuel Dahl Device for fast short-circuit and grounding of phases in a power grid
DE102014115396A1 (en) * 2014-10-22 2014-12-18 Peter Lell Disconnector for high DC or AC currents at high voltages

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4427963A (en) * 1982-11-01 1984-01-24 S & C Electric Company Brake and operation indicator for a high-voltage switch
US4852494A (en) 1987-11-16 1989-08-01 Williams Robert A Explosively actuated switch
WO1997037873A1 (en) * 1996-04-04 1997-10-16 Kabelkonfektion Gebauer & Griller Gmbh Device for interrupting the flow of current in a cable
DE19746566A1 (en) 1997-10-22 1999-04-29 Kloeckner Moeller Gmbh Short-circuiter for arcing protection device
US6952332B2 (en) 2002-06-14 2005-10-04 Eaton Corporation Vacuum arc eliminator having a bullet assembly actuated by a gas generating device
US20030231439A1 (en) * 2002-06-14 2003-12-18 Juds Mark Allan Bullet assembly for a vacuum arc interrupter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2925213B1 (en) 2009-11-27
ES2399938T3 (en) 2013-04-04
FR2925213A1 (en) 2009-06-19
EP2073235A1 (en) 2009-06-24

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