EP1010964B1 - Dispositif de mise à feu d'une amorce - Google Patents
Dispositif de mise à feu d'une amorce Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1010964B1 EP1010964B1 EP99403155A EP99403155A EP1010964B1 EP 1010964 B1 EP1010964 B1 EP 1010964B1 EP 99403155 A EP99403155 A EP 99403155A EP 99403155 A EP99403155 A EP 99403155A EP 1010964 B1 EP1010964 B1 EP 1010964B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- primer
- firing
- detection
- constituted
- processing means
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 abstract description 26
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001818 nuclear effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
- F42C11/00—Electric fuzes
- F42C11/001—Electric circuits for fuzes characterised by the ammunition class or type
- F42C11/007—Electric circuits for fuzes characterised by the ammunition class or type for land mines
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of firing mechanisms electric for projectiles, missiles, mines and miniature bombs and more particularly for object a device for firing a primer of the type of that described in patent DE3206285 that is to say comprising in particular a electrical supply of a circuit comprising in particular means of switching and means, such as an electrical resistance or comprising a striker and means capable of moving it, capable of igniting the primer.
- patent application No. FR2742859 in the names of the applicants describes a programmable time priming device comprising a primer, electrical supply means of a circuit mainly comprising a ignition resistance, switching means of the supply circuit of the ignition resistance, means for programming a delay time and control means of the switching means constituted by a microcontroller and a coding wheel, as well as a trapping module connected to the microcontroller.
- the trapping means can be of the opening type contact and constituted by a closed circuit supplied by the supply means and comprising a certain number of contactors with remote controlled opening at distance, or inertial or a tripping thread.
- patent FR2654824 mentions that for the recognition of a vehicle, one can for example use a detector sensitive to vehicle or pressure contact, or a field sensitive detector magnetic or to the variation of that of the earth under the action of the vehicle, or a vibration detector.
- detectors sensitive to the contact or to the pressure of a vehicle may cite those described in patents FR2504254, FR2507307 and EP942257.
- the first describes an anti-tank mine with a detector in its part upper constituted in particular by a pressure plate intended to cause the ignition by ignition of a pyrotechnic chain composed of a striker, a primer, an ignition relay and an ignition block enabling the fire of the useful pyrotechnic charge enclosed by the mine.
- the second and third patents describe an anti-tank mine comprising a payload, as well as double tank detection, one by influence, and the other by contact that causes the payload to ignite directly.
- the object of the invention is to propose means for igniting a primer very reliable, requiring a minimum of electronic components and, although using only one type of detection means, has an increased range by compared to a device such as that described in patent FR2504254 and allowing optimize the effects of the explosion of the explosive device associated with the means of fire.
- the solution provided is a device for igniting a primer of the type comprising in particular at least one electrical supply of a circuit comprising in particular detection and / or switching means and means, such an electrical resistance or comprising a striker and means capable of move, capable of igniting the primer, and characterized in that the means of detection and / or switching consist of a network of suitable contactors to open, respectively to close, a circuit comprising at least said supply electric, under the action of a contact or a force and to close, respectively to open said circuit when said contact or said force disappears.
- the network consists of a ribbon of contactors.
- said contactors are constituted by membrane switches.
- the membrane switches are constituted by a first plate having an opening, a second plate itself comprising an openwork and drooping edges which are part of the openwork of the first plate, a spherical membrane having the shape of a segment spherical directed upwards is fixed on the end of the falling edges, a strip electrically conductive being fixed on the underside of the membrane.
- said network is arranged inside a deformable sheath made of a material whose hardness is preferably greater at 40 ° shore.
- this sheath is constituted by a profile made of extruded silicone with a hardness of 60 ° shore.
- the sheath comprises several segments delimited by a modification of its structure and able to facilitate its folding.
- this structural modification consists in reducing its thickness over all or part of its circumference and may for example be constituted by a groove, the switches being preferably positioned outside of the cross section of the modification of sheath structure.
- the membrane switches are connected to means for processing the electrical signals from the detection means, these processing means being able in particular to filter the objectives and to order the initiation of the priming.
- these processing means have a counting module.
- these processing means are constituted by a microcontroller.
- the processing means are connected to the power supply, the detection means and the ignition resistance of the primer.
- switching means controlled by the processing means are disposed between the latter and the firing resistance of the primer.
- timing means are associated with the processing means and / or the switching means controlled by the processing means.
- the invention also relates to an explosive device of the type comprising a explosive charge, a primer and means for igniting that charge explosive and characterized in that the firing means includes a firing device fire according to one of the above characteristics.
- Figures 1 and 2 show detection means 10 according to the invention intended to be integrated into a device for igniting a primer, with a view to its association with an explosive device, such as a mine.
- These detection means 10 consist of a strip 11 of switches with membrane 12 and are inserted into a sheath 13 in the form of a section tube rectangular.
- This sheath 13 is made of extruded silicone with shore hardness 60 ° and obtained by extrusion. It also includes structural modifications 25 regularly distributed over its length to allow it to be folded in accordion. These structural modifications consist of a longitudinal reduction in its section a few millimeters, or in other words, in a groove located over the entire outer periphery of the sheath 13.
- this sheath The external dimensions of this sheath are 54mm wide and 10mm high while the internal free space is 30mm wide and 6mm high. Its total length is 4m and it has four structural modifications allowing it to be folded into 5 segments.
- the strip 11 of switches 12 has a width of 24mm and it is arranged centered on the lower internal face 14 of the sheath 13.
- the switches 12 are of the type those described in patent EP202711. As shown in Figure 3, they include a first plate 15 comprising a circular aperture 16, a second plate 17 itself comprising a circular aperture 18 and falling edges 19 which are inscribed in the opening 16 of the first plate 15.
- a spherical membrane 21 having the shape of a spherical segment directed upwards is fixed on the end 20 of the falling edges 19.
- An electrically conductive strip 22 is fixed on the face membrane 21.
- the second plate 17 is fixed to the first plate 15 by gluing.
- a conductive strip 23 arranged longitudinally is centered on the flexible tape 11 and each of the assemblies constituted by the plates 15 and 17 and the membrane 21 is fixed on the ribbon 11 and centered on it. So, for each set, a part of the conductive strip 22 is perpendicular to a part of the conductive strip 23.
- the detection means 10 are connected to processing means 30 of the electrical signals generated (0 or 5V) by the means detection 10.
- processing means are further connected on the one hand to means power supply 40, as well as a firing resistor 31 of a primer 32.
- the processing means may consist of a microcontroller and be connected to means 38 for programming a time delay consisting, for example example, by encoder wheels, as well as means 34 for switching the power supply circuit for the starting resistor 31 and a capacitor 36 providing an intensity I2 during its discharge, the intensity I1 of the charging current of this capacitor being insufficient to cause the ignition of the primer.
- the microcontroller 30 controls the opening and / or closing of the means switching 34.
- these switching means 34 comprise first means 41 constituted by an electromechanical device safety device comprising a mechanical clock, associated with a mechanical inverter which is normally in the open position and which closes the circuit at the expiration of a predetermined duration of operation of this clock.
- This inverter is connected to a capacitor 36 capable of supplying an intensity I2 during its discharge, the intensity I1 of the charging current supplied by the supply means 40 of this capacitor being insufficient to cause the ignition of the primer.
- These switching means 34 comprise second means constituted by a transistor 50 whose source is connected to the power supply 40, the gate at microcontroller 30 and the drain at the input of the inverter of the assembly electromechanical 41, and a transistor 55 whose source is connected to the resistor priming 31, the grid to the microcontroller 30 via a resistor 72 and the drain to the capacitor output 36.
- drain 53 of transistor 50 is connected to a short transistor 60 circuit itself connected to the microcontroller 30 and to ground.
- resistors 70,71,72 for limiting the intensity of the current are arranged on the circuit upstream of the electromechanical means and between the microcontroller 30 and transistor 55 so that, in the event of failure of the transistors and electromechanical means, the starting resistance 12 is crossed by a current of insufficient intensity to cause ignition of the detonator.
- signaling means 81 and 80 are arranged respectively downstream of the power supply 40 and in parallel with the resistor boot 31.
- a mechanical lock 21 with two positions, disposed at the outlet of the food, allows in a first position, to put all the means electronic to ground while in the second position all means electronics are supplied but the capacitor 36 is, in all cases, connected to the supply circuit, only after a safety delay generated by the electromechanical safety device 41.
- processing means can either trigger immediately supplying the resistor 60 with sufficient intensity to ignite the primer 32, or only trigger this firing after detection of a certain number of pulses.
- the processing means can be programmed to fire the primer only after detection of three pulses separated by a minimum duration, so that after the passage of three rollers, so that the explosion occurs at the most vulnerable place in the tank, especially at the level of the ammunition compartment.
- the processing means can thus have a function of filtering of objectives.
- the operation is as follows: The mechanical lock 21 is initially in its first position, the electronic means 10, 30, 34, 36 then not being supplied.
- the firing means are then positioned on a mine, and this mine buried in the ground while the detection means are placed on the ground be buried.
- the microcontroller 30 deactivates the transistor 60 of short circuit, and activates transistor 50 which then becomes conducting.
- the capacitor 36 then charges and at the end of a preprogrammed time Tp2 the activation, by the microcontroller 30, of the transistor 55 produces the discharge of the capacitor 36 through this transistor 55 and the starting resistor 31, the intensity I2 flowing in the latter then being sufficient to cause initiation of the detonator and explosion of the mine.
- transistor 55 is controlled as described above, that is to say upon detection of a voltage pulse by the detection means 10 or after detection of a certain number of pulses, for example three for reach a sensitive part of the tank or 4 or 5 to destroy only the machines to tracks, this number of pulses being preferably combined with times separating and encompassing these impulses.
- the charge time Tp2 of the capacitor is long compared to its time of dump.
- the malfunctions which would result in commands of all transducers would not have no consequence.
- the timing means can be simplified as shown in Figure 6.
- the priming device then comprises the detection means 10, an electrical supply 40, in the occurrence of batteries, a time-delayed relay 33, a closing relay timed 35, a capacitor 36 and a starting resistor 31 of the primer 32.
- the discharge of the capacitor feeds a solenoid whose activation causes the release of the electromechanical part which initiates the detonator.
- the explosive devices 91 to 95 shown in FIG. 9 are arranged, by example every 30 meters, and this over 150 meters. These five explosive devices each have their own detection means 10 according to the invention connected to means 30 for processing electrical signals comprising a microcontroller.
- the means of firing explosive devices 91, 92, 94 and 95 are deactivated while the means for igniting the explosive device 93 are activated.
- This deactivation consists in preventing the ignition of the primer even in case of detection of a tank; so tanks can roll on the means of detection 10, be detected by these means but without firing occurring primer. It can, for example be carried out by software at the level of microcontroller of the processing means or by hardware with a light switch...
- the means 30 associated with the explosive devices 91, 92, 94 and 95 are programmed so that, after activation, they trigger firing at the first detection of a tank by their associated detection means 10.
- the processing means 30 associated with the explosive device 93 are programmed on the one hand to trigger the ignition of the explosive device 93 upon detection of the passage of a third tank and on the other hand to activate the means 30 of the others explosive devices after detection of this third passage, this activation can for example be carried out, by wire or by air with a set transmitter receiver.
- the network can have the shape of a star, a square ... and in the case of a strip 11 of contactors, its length can be of the order of a meter or even a decameter and in this case be linked to several explosive devices.
- a receiver associated with the ignition means it it is possible, using a transmitter, to control, for example, the closing of a switch on the firing circuit of the primer, the firing can then occur produce at the appropriate time after the detection of a tank by the means of detection 10. It is thus possible to select the target.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
- Finger-Pressure Massage (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
- Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
- Insulated Conductors (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
- Lighters Containing Fuel (AREA)
- Control Of Combustion (AREA)
Description
- la figure 1 montre une variante de réalisation des moyens de détection selon l'invention,
- la figure 2 présente un schéma d'une vue en coupe des moyens de détection selon cette variante de réalisation de l'invention
- la figure 3, illustre un commutateurs à membrane utilisé dans le cadre de cette variante de réalisation de l'invention,
- la figure 4 présente un schéma d'un dispositif de mise à feu selon un premier mode de réalisation,
- les figures 5 et 6 montrent un schéma d'un dispositif de mise à feu selon un deuxième mode de réalisation,
- les figures 7a et 7b montrent un exemple d'actionnement d'un commutateur à membrane,
- la figure 8 présente un schéma d'un dispositif de mise à feu selon un troisième mode de réalisation.
- la figure 9 présente une disposition particulière d'engins explosifs utilisant des moyens de mise à feu selon l'invention
Le verrou mécanique 21 est initialement dans sa première position, les moyens électroniques 10, 30, 34, 36 n'étant alors pas alimentés.
Claims (14)
- Dispositif de mise à feu d'une amorce (32) du type comportant notamment au moins une alimentation électrique (40) d'un circuit comprenant notamment des moyens (10) de détection et/ou de commutation et des moyens (31), tels qu'une résistance électrique ou comportant un percuteur et des moyens aptes à le mouvoir, aptes à enflammer l'amorce (32), et caractérisé en ce que les moyens (10) de détection et/ou de commutation sont constitués par un réseau de contacteurs (12) aptes à ouvrir, respectivement à fermer, ledit circuit sous l'action d'un contact ou d'une force et à refermer, respectivement à ouvrir, ledit circuit lors de la disparition dudit contact ou de ladite force.
- Dispositif de mise à feu d'une amorce (32) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le réseau est constitué par un ruban (11) de contacteurs (12).
- Dispositif de mise à feu d'une amorce (32) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que lesdits contacteurs sont constitués par des commutateurs à membrane (12).
- Dispositif de mise à feu d'une amorce (32) selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les commutateurs à membrane sont constitués par une première plaque (15) comportant un ajour (16), une seconde plaque (17) comportant elle-même un ajour (18) et des bords tombants (19) qui s'inscrivent dans l'ajour (16) de la première plaque (15), une membrane (21) ayant la forme d'un segment sphérique dirigé vers le haut est fixée sur l'extrémité (20) des bords tombants (19), une bande électriquement conductrice (22) étant fixée sur la face inférieure de la membrane (21).
- Dispositif de mise à feu d'une amorce (32) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que ledit réseau est disposé à l'intérieur d'une gaine (13) en matériau déformable.
- Dispositif de mise à feu d'une amorce (32) selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que la gaine (13) est constituée par un profilé en silicone extrudé.
- Dispositif de mise à feu d'une amorce (32) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 et 6, caractérisé en ce que la gaine (13) comporte plusieurs segments délimités par une modification de sa structure (25) apte à faciliter son pliage.
- Dispositif de mise à feu d'une amorce (32) selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que la modification de structure consiste en une réduction de son épaisseur sur tout ou partie de sa circonférence.
- Dispositif de mise à feu d'une amorce (32) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 8, caractérisé en ce que les moyens (10) de détection et/ou de commutation connectés à des moyens (30) de traitement des signaux électriques issus des moyens de détection (10), ces moyens (30) de traitement étant aptes notamment à commander le déclenchement de l'amorçage.
- Dispositif de mise à feu d'une amorce (32) selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que ces moyens (30) de traitement comportent un module de comptage.
- Dispositif de mise à feu d'une amorce (32) selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que ces moyens (30) de traitement sont constitués par un microcontrôleur.
- Dispositif de mise à feu d'une amorce (32) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 11, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de traitement sont connectés à l'alimentation électrique (40), aux moyens (10) de détection et à la résistance (31) de mise à feu de l'amorce (32).
- Dispositif de mise à feu d'une amorce (32) selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que des moyens de commutation (34) commandés par les moyens (30) de traitement sont disposés entre ces derniers et la résistance (31) de mise à feu de l'amorce.
- Dispositif de mise à feu d'une amorce (32) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 12 et 13, caractérisé en ce que des moyens de temporisation (38, 41) sont associés aux moyens (30) de traitement et/ou aux moyens (34) de commutation commandés par les moyens (30) de traitement.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9816607 | 1998-12-16 | ||
FR9816607A FR2787568B1 (fr) | 1998-12-16 | 1998-12-16 | Dispositif de mise a feu d'une amorce |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1010964A1 EP1010964A1 (fr) | 2000-06-21 |
EP1010964B1 true EP1010964B1 (fr) | 2001-08-29 |
Family
ID=9534651
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99403155A Expired - Lifetime EP1010964B1 (fr) | 1998-12-16 | 1999-12-16 | Dispositif de mise à feu d'une amorce |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6748869B1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1010964B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE204986T1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2292784A1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69900245T2 (fr) |
DK (1) | DK1010964T3 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2163927T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2787568B1 (fr) |
NO (1) | NO996221L (fr) |
PT (1) | PT1010964E (fr) |
Families Citing this family (6)
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US6249089B1 (en) | 1998-10-09 | 2001-06-19 | Frederick Bruwer | Intelligent electrical device comprising microchip |
US7291940B2 (en) * | 1998-10-09 | 2007-11-06 | Azoteq Pty Ltd. | Pressure sensitive switches including touch sensor structures |
US7109888B2 (en) * | 2002-01-18 | 2006-09-19 | Alion Science & Tech Corp | Method and apparatus for detecting and destroying intruders |
US7778006B2 (en) * | 2006-04-28 | 2010-08-17 | Orica Explosives Technology Pty Ltd. | Wireless electronic booster, and methods of blasting |
CN105277079A (zh) * | 2014-06-24 | 2016-01-27 | 刘仪 | 一种自组网智能地雷 |
EP3029435B1 (fr) * | 2014-12-01 | 2018-02-28 | HAENNI Instruments AG | Dispositif de capteur de force destiné à l'enregistrement du poids d'un véhicule |
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FR2695719B1 (fr) * | 1992-09-17 | 1994-12-02 | Davey Bickford | Procédé de commande de détonateurs du type à module d'allumage électronique à retard intégré, ensemble codé de commande de tir et module d'allumage codé pour sa mise en Óoeuvre. |
FR2708099B1 (fr) * | 1993-07-22 | 1995-09-22 | Giat Ind Sa | Dispositif de détection d'un objectif au moyen d'un fil piège. |
BE1006720A6 (nl) * | 1994-07-18 | 1994-11-22 | Velleman Nv | Membraantoetsenbord |
JP3103833B2 (ja) * | 1994-08-10 | 2000-10-30 | 信越ポリマー株式会社 | 照光式押釦スイッチ装置 |
US5485788A (en) * | 1994-09-27 | 1996-01-23 | Hughes Missile Systems Company | Combination explosive primer and electro-explosive device |
GB2344910B (en) * | 1995-02-10 | 2000-08-09 | Baker Hughes Inc | Method for remote control of wellbore end devices |
CN1085331C (zh) * | 1995-07-26 | 2002-05-22 | 旭化成株式会社 | 电子定时雷管 |
FR2742859B1 (fr) * | 1995-12-21 | 1998-02-20 | France Etat | Dispositif d'amorcage a temps programmable |
US5710558A (en) * | 1996-01-16 | 1998-01-20 | Gibson; Guy P. | Traffic sensor for roadway placement |
US5828016A (en) * | 1996-02-12 | 1998-10-27 | Lucas Automation And Control Engineering, Inc. | Low profile tactile switch |
FR2749073B1 (fr) * | 1996-05-24 | 1998-08-14 | Davey Bickford | Procede de commande de detonateurs du type a module d'allumage electronique, ensemble code de commande de tir et module d'allumage pour sa mise en oeuvre |
AUPP021697A0 (en) * | 1997-11-06 | 1997-11-27 | Rocktek Limited | Radio detonation system |
US6417785B1 (en) * | 2000-09-01 | 2002-07-09 | Traffic Monitoring Services, Inc. | Permanent in-pavement roadway traffic sensor system |
-
1998
- 1998-12-16 FR FR9816607A patent/FR2787568B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-12-15 CA CA002292784A patent/CA2292784A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1999-12-15 NO NO996221A patent/NO996221L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-12-16 DK DK99403155T patent/DK1010964T3/da active
- 1999-12-16 AT AT99403155T patent/ATE204986T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-12-16 ES ES99403155T patent/ES2163927T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-16 PT PT79302398T patent/PT1010964E/pt unknown
- 1999-12-16 DE DE69900245T patent/DE69900245T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-16 US US09/464,595 patent/US6748869B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-12-16 EP EP99403155A patent/EP1010964B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1010964A1 (fr) | 2000-06-21 |
DK1010964T3 (da) | 2001-11-05 |
NO996221L (no) | 2000-06-19 |
ES2163927T3 (es) | 2002-02-01 |
FR2787568A1 (fr) | 2000-06-23 |
DE69900245D1 (de) | 2001-10-04 |
US6748869B1 (en) | 2004-06-15 |
PT1010964E (pt) | 2002-02-28 |
DE69900245T2 (de) | 2002-06-13 |
CA2292784A1 (fr) | 2000-06-16 |
FR2787568B1 (fr) | 2001-02-02 |
NO996221D0 (no) | 1999-12-15 |
ATE204986T1 (de) | 2001-09-15 |
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