EP1006604A2 - Mikrowellen-Koaxialleitung für gekühlte Mikrowellensysteme - Google Patents
Mikrowellen-Koaxialleitung für gekühlte Mikrowellensysteme Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1006604A2 EP1006604A2 EP99115212A EP99115212A EP1006604A2 EP 1006604 A2 EP1006604 A2 EP 1006604A2 EP 99115212 A EP99115212 A EP 99115212A EP 99115212 A EP99115212 A EP 99115212A EP 1006604 A2 EP1006604 A2 EP 1006604A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- coaxial line
- microwave
- inner conductor
- outer conductor
- line according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P3/00—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
- H01P3/02—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type with two longitudinal conductors
- H01P3/06—Coaxial lines
Definitions
- the invention relates to a microwave coaxial line for cooled microwave systems, for example for space applications.
- Microwave systems significantly improve or the weight with the same electromagnetic Reduce properties significantly.
- microwave systems for space applications known to use high temperature superconductors, which, for example, using liquid nitrogen must be cooled to below 90 ° K. Since the Temperature of a satellite platform in general between -35 ° C and + 85 ° C and therefore essential higher, it is necessary to use the refrigerated area the microwave system via suitable microwave lines with the uncooled satellite platform connect to.
- An essential point of view is that the smallest possible proportion of heat over the microwave lines from the platform transported to the area of the cooled system becomes. The greater the heat conduction over the Cables, the bigger and harder it has to be Cooling system can be designed, weight for Space applications the main cost factor is.
- the microwave lines must have a have the greatest possible thermal resistance. Is to it is known to have lines of thin-walled, bad sufficient heat-conducting material or lines Length to use. In both cases this has the Disadvantage that the attenuation of the microwave signals increases rapidly. The greater the performance of over Lines to be transported microwaves, the more these losses make the lines stronger heated up, which additional heat also through the cooling system must be drained.
- the best known Solution is using coaxial lines strongly thinned outer conductor to use and Silver-plated outer conductor as well as the inner conductor to silver. In an extreme case, the conductor remains only a thin layer of silver left. In this However, extreme case is for reasons of stability a dielectric is necessary.
- the thermally effective length of the Inner conductor and / or outer conductor while maintaining the electrically effective length is increased and the thermally effective cross section of the inner conductor while maintaining the electrically effective cross-section downsized.
- the coaxial line allows a minimal attenuation of the microwaves at the same time Maximizing thermal resistance. The caused by the microwave coaxial line Heat losses are therefore minimized, resulting in a smaller and lighter cooling unit used can be. This reduces transportation costs into space significantly.
- the outer conductor and / or inner conductor an extension line consisting of at least one pair of nested short-circuited waveguide at one end to be appropriate.
- The is preferably Length of the waveguide from the branch on the inner conductor or outer conductor of the coaxial line approximately an integer to the short end A multiple of the nominal wavelength ⁇ of the coaxial line.
- the extension line has a further waveguide connected to the pair of waveguides, which branches off from the inner conductor (1) or outer conductor (2) at an end opposite the branch of the first waveguide (5-1), wherein the inner conductor (1) or outer conductor (2) is connected to the cooled side of the coaxial line in the area of the extension line.
- this inner or outer conductor is essentially for the microwave signal Because of the better conductivity of the material at a lower temperature, the advantage of this exemplary embodiment is that the microwave signal is guided over the entire length of the extension line through an inner conductor or outer conductor which is at a low temperature, and the line losses are therefore minimized.
- the microwave coaxial line can have two extension lines one behind the other in the axial direction have a different length can.
- the advantage is that the thermal effective length is further increased and by the different lengths a wider range allows the transmission characteristic of the coaxial line becomes.
- extension line waveguide of the coaxial line also one in the direction of propagation changing distance from each other.
- the inner conductor can be solid and reduce of the thermally effective inner cross section have an axial recess, the length of which is approximately an integer multiple of half the nominal wavelength corresponds to the coaxial line.
- This The recess does not lead to any significant impairment the transmission characteristic of the microwaves near the nominal wavelength.
- resistance increases, for example with a halving of the effective diameter to four times. Even with this measure therefore an increase in thermal resistance can be achieved while maintaining a low electrical Achieve wave resistance.
- Another one Reduction of the internal thermal cross section can achieve the axial recess at least be folded over once.
- microwave coaxial line In the microwave coaxial line according to the invention are inner conductors and outer conductors preferably in one piece or through Soldering the individual parts. This gives the coaxial line great stability, which especially because of space applications the large one occurring there during the starting process Accelerating forces are required.
- Inner conductor and / or outer conductor preferably with provided with a silver coating.
- microwave coaxial line according to the invention Another advantage of the microwave coaxial line according to the invention is that this is complete is enclosed in metal and so none Electromagnetic compatibility problems (EMC) are to be expected.
- EMC Electromagnetic compatibility problems
- FIG. 1 schematically shows an application example the microwave coaxial line according to the invention.
- a cooled microwave system 11 housed that only schematically by a dashed line Line is shown. It can is a microwave system with high-temperature superconductor components act.
- the cooled microwave system 11 is about a not shown Cooling unit at a constant low temperature kept in case of using liquid Nitrogen as a coolant to 77K.
- Microwave lines are to be made available 10 required. These are said to be one lowest possible microwave attenuation and at the same time have maximum thermal resistance, so that the power requirement of the cooling unit is minimized is.
- FIG. 1 A first exemplary embodiment of the microwave coaxial line according to the invention is shown in FIG.
- an inner conductor 1 and an outer conductor 2 are arranged in a manner known per se.
- One of the two connection sockets for example the connection socket 3 on the right side, is connected to the cooled microwave system, while the other connection socket is connected to the warm "satellite platform.
- the microwave coaxial line 10 according to the invention has an extension line 5 consisting of a pair of nested waveguides short-circuited at a short-circuit end 7.
- outer conductor 2 and the waveguide 5-1 and 5-2 are only represented by a simple black line, so heat conduction takes place from the warmer "left side over the branch 6 along the outer waveguide 5-1 to the short-circuit end 7 over the inner waveguide 5-2 back to the branch 6 and along the outer conductor 2 to the cold connection socket 3.
- the length of the extension line 5 from the branch 6 to the short-circuit end 7 corresponds approximately to half the nominal wavelength ⁇ of the coaxial line or an integral multiple thereof If 10 microwaves in the range of the nominal wavelength are passed through the microwave coaxial line, a standing wave with wave nodes at the junction 6 results in the extension line 5 and at the short-circuit end 7.
- the short circuit is transformed to the junction 6 on the outer conductor 2 of the coaxial line 2.
- the electrical microwave wave resistance is therefore only insignificantly affected by the extension line 5.
- the insertion loss T-1 gives way to the scale shown over the entire frequency range of 3 GHz up to 5 GHz not noticeably from the ideal value of 0dB (bold solid line at the top of the diagram).
- D (f) on the Microwave coaxial line can therefore be recognized pronounced minimum at a frequency of approximately 3.9 GHz. The minimum is reached when the nominal wavelength of the microwave just that Double the length of the extension section 5 corresponds. It can be seen that with the invention Coaxial line in the nominal frequency range very low microwave attenuation and caused Heating outputs are achievable.
- FIG 3 shows a further embodiment of the Microwave coaxial line according to the invention.
- the extension cord is folded over once, as well as in the embodiment shown in Figure 4. In the latter, however, not only points the outer conductor 2, but also the inner conductor 1, which is designed as a waveguide, such Extension cord 5 on.
- Figure 5 shows another preferred embodiment the microwave coaxial line according to the invention.
- On the outer conductor 2 are two extension lines 5 arranged in a row. This ensures that the heat conduction over the outer conductor 2 is further reduced. It is then also possible, the two extension lines 5 different lengths. Thereby achieved one increases the transmission bandwidth becomes.
- the adaptation damping then has no more the narrow minimum as shown in FIG. 9, but a wider frequency range by attenuation below an acceptable value such as -30 dB.
- Microwave coaxial line can thereby be realized be that the distance between the two waveguides 5-1.5-2 of the extension line 5 is inhomogeneous, as shown in Figure 11. Even the outer conductor 2 can have a variable diameter.
- FIG. 6 Another embodiment of the invention is shown in Figure 6, which is particularly for very small dimensioned coaxial lines.
- the inner conductor 1 is solid and with a circumferential axial recess 8, the length of which in turn is half the nominal wavelength ⁇ of the coaxial line or an integer Is a multiple of this.
- the recess 8 in turn causes no significant impairment the waveguide because the short circuit at the end of the short-circuited line in turn to the connection point is transformed to the inner conductor.
- the thermal resistance increases with halving of the diameter, however, four times. How is shown in Figure 6, the recess 8th in the inner conductor with an extension cable 5 in Combine outer conductor.
- FIGS. 8 and 10 Another preferred exemplary embodiment of the microwave coaxial line according to the invention is shown in FIGS. 8 and 10.
- the extension line 5 has at the short-circuit end 7 short-circuited first and second waveguides 5-1 and 5-2 and a further waveguide 5-3 connected to it.
- This forms a temperature gradient on the outer three waveguides 5-1.5-2 and 5-3, while on innermost "outer conductor 2, no heat flow occurs.
- This is connected to the cooled side and is therefore at the cold temperature corresponding to the right-hand connection socket 3. Because of the better conductivity of the material of the outer conductor at low temperatures, this exemplary embodiment has the advantage of less attenuation of the microwave signal, since this is guided over its entire length by an outer conductor 2 which is at a low temperature.
- Inner conductors are used to ensure high stability 1 and outer conductor 2 preferably each made from one piece or by soldering their respective items formed.
- the electrical properties are inner conductors and outer conductor preferably with a silver coating Mistake.
- the microwave coaxial line according to the invention enables such a minimal microwave attenuation a simultaneous maximum thermal resistance.
- the microwave coaxial line according to the invention enables such a minimal microwave attenuation a simultaneous maximum thermal resistance.
- the performance and thus the weight of the Cooling unit can be significantly reduced.
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- Non-Reversible Transmitting Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (11)
- Mikrowellen-Koaxialleitung für gekühlte Mikrowellensysteme mit einem Innenleiter (1) und einem Außenleiter (2), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur Verringerung der thermischen Leitfähigkeit der Koaxialleitung
unter Beibehaltung der elektrisch wirksamen Länge die thermisch wirksame Länge des Innenleiters (1) und/oder Außenleiters (2) vergrößert ist und/oder unter Beibehaltung des elektrisch wirksamen Querschnitts der thermisch wirksame Querschnitt des Innenleiters (1) verkleinert ist. - Mikrowellen-Koaxialleitung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß am Innenleiter (1) und/oder Außenleiter (2) eine Verlängerungsleitung (5) bestehend aus wenigstens einem Paar ineinanderliegenger,an einem Ende kurzgeschlossener Hohlleiter (5-1, 5-2) angebracht ist.
- Mikrowellen-Koaxialleitung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Länge der Hohlleiter (5-1,5-2) von einer Abzweigung (6) am Innenleiter (1) und/oder Außenleiter (2) zu einem Kurzschlußende (7) ungefähr ein ganzzahliges Vielfaches der Nenn-Wellenlänge λ der Koaxialleitung beträgt.
- Mikrowellen-Koaxialleitung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hohlleiter (5-1,5-2) wenigstens einmal umgefaltet sind.
- Mikrowellen-Koaxialleitung nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verlängerungsleitung (5) einen mit den beiden Hohlleitern (5-1,5-2) verbundenen weiteren Hohlleiter (5-3) aufweist, der an einem der Abzweigung des ersten Hohlleiters (5-1) gegenüberliegenden Ende vom Innenleiter (1) beziehungsweise Außenleiter (2) abzweigt, wobei der Innenleiter (1) beziehungsweise Außenleiter (2) im Bereich der Verlängerungsleitung mit der gekühlten Seite der Koaxialleitung verbunden ist.
- Mikrowellen-Koaxialleitung nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens zwei Verlängerungsleitungen (5) in axialer Richtung der Koaxialleitung hintereinander angeordnet sind, die eine unterschiedliche Länge aufweisen.
- Mikrowellen-Koaxialleitung nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hohlleiter (5-1,5-2) voneinander einen sich in Ausbreitungsrichtung verändernden Abstand zur Vergrö-ßerung der Übertragungsbandbreite der Koaxialleitung aufweisen.
- Mikrowellen-Koaxialleitung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Innenleiter (1) massiv ist und zur Verringerung des thermisch wirksamen Innnenleiterquerschnitts eine axiale Ausnehmung (8) aufweist, deren Länge ungefähr dem ganzzahligen Vielfachen der halben Nenn-Wellenlänge λ der Koaxialleitung entspricht.
- Mikrowellen-Koaxialleitung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die axiale Ausnehmung (8) zur weiteren Verringerung des thermisch wirksamen Innenleiterquerschnitts wenigstens einmal umgefaltet ist.
- Mikrowellen-Koaxialleitung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Innenleiter (1) und Außenleiter (2) jeweils aus einem Stück oder durch feste Verbindung der Einzelteile gefertigt sind.
- Mikrowellen-Koaxialleitung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Innenleiter (1) und/oder Außenleiter (2) mit einer Silberbeschichtung versehen sind.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19855961 | 1998-12-04 | ||
DE1998155961 DE19855961A1 (de) | 1998-12-04 | 1998-12-04 | Mikrowellen-Koaxialleitung für gekühlte Mikrowellensysteme |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1006604A2 true EP1006604A2 (de) | 2000-06-07 |
EP1006604A3 EP1006604A3 (de) | 2001-11-07 |
Family
ID=7889955
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99115212A Withdrawn EP1006604A3 (de) | 1998-12-04 | 1999-07-31 | Mikrowellen-Koaxialleitung für gekühlte Mikrowellensysteme |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1006604A3 (de) |
DE (1) | DE19855961A1 (de) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5120705A (en) * | 1989-06-28 | 1992-06-09 | Motorola, Inc. | Superconducting transmission line cable connector providing capacative and thermal isolation |
JPH09147634A (ja) * | 1995-11-22 | 1997-06-06 | Idoutai Tsushin Sentan Gijutsu Kenkyusho:Kk | 同軸ケーブル |
JPH09167528A (ja) * | 1995-08-30 | 1997-06-24 | Idoutai Tsushin Sentan Gijutsu Kenkyusho:Kk | 同軸ケーブル |
US5763822A (en) * | 1995-08-30 | 1998-06-09 | Advanced Mobile Telecommunication Technology Inc. | Coaxial cable |
-
1998
- 1998-12-04 DE DE1998155961 patent/DE19855961A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1999
- 1999-07-31 EP EP99115212A patent/EP1006604A3/de not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5120705A (en) * | 1989-06-28 | 1992-06-09 | Motorola, Inc. | Superconducting transmission line cable connector providing capacative and thermal isolation |
JPH09167528A (ja) * | 1995-08-30 | 1997-06-24 | Idoutai Tsushin Sentan Gijutsu Kenkyusho:Kk | 同軸ケーブル |
US5763822A (en) * | 1995-08-30 | 1998-06-09 | Advanced Mobile Telecommunication Technology Inc. | Coaxial cable |
JPH09147634A (ja) * | 1995-11-22 | 1997-06-06 | Idoutai Tsushin Sentan Gijutsu Kenkyusho:Kk | 同軸ケーブル |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
MARAT DAVIDOVITZ: "A LOW-LOSS THERMAL ISOLATOR FOR WAVEGUIDES AND COAXIAL TRANSMISSION LINES" IEEE MICROWAVE AND GUIDED WAVE LETTERS, IEEE INC, NEW YORK, US, Bd. 6, Nr. 1, 1996, Seiten 25-27, XP000547024 ISSN: 1051-8207 * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1997, no. 10, 31. Oktober 1997 (1997-10-31) & JP 09 147634 A (IDOUTAI TSUSHIN SENTAN GIJUTSU KENKYUSHO:KK), 6. Juni 1997 (1997-06-06) * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1997, no. 10, 31. Oktober 1997 (1997-10-31) & JP 09 167528 A (IDOUTAI TSUSHIN SENTAN GIJUTSU KENKYUSHO:KK), 24. Juni 1997 (1997-06-24) * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE19855961A1 (de) | 2000-06-08 |
EP1006604A3 (de) | 2001-11-07 |
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