EP1005635A2 - Photometre a spectroscopie d'absorption non dispersive dans l'infrarouge (ndir) pour la mesure de plusieurs constituants - Google Patents

Photometre a spectroscopie d'absorption non dispersive dans l'infrarouge (ndir) pour la mesure de plusieurs constituants

Info

Publication number
EP1005635A2
EP1005635A2 EP98951168A EP98951168A EP1005635A2 EP 1005635 A2 EP1005635 A2 EP 1005635A2 EP 98951168 A EP98951168 A EP 98951168A EP 98951168 A EP98951168 A EP 98951168A EP 1005635 A2 EP1005635 A2 EP 1005635A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
measuring
detector
gas components
isotope
gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP98951168A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Michael Zöchbauer
Walter Fabinski
Thomas Liedike
Michael Moede
Siegfried Vogt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Patent GmbH
Original Assignee
ABB Patent GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19752508A external-priority patent/DE19752508A1/de
Application filed by ABB Patent GmbH filed Critical ABB Patent GmbH
Publication of EP1005635A2 publication Critical patent/EP1005635A2/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
    • G01N21/3504—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing gases, e.g. multi-gas analysis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/59—Transmissivity
    • G01N21/61—Non-dispersive gas analysers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a photometer according to the non-dispersive infrared spectroscopy method, or NDIR method for short, with a measuring cuvette, an infrared radiator with radiator modulation, the measuring cuvette consisting of a measuring and comparison chamber, and at least one optopneumatic detector, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the problem is, therefore, that several measuring cuvettes usually have to be used for a desired multi-component measurement, since the at least two components to be measured appear in different measuring ranges.
  • An example of this is the already known method using NDIR spectroscopy to measure the ratio of 12CO2 and 13CO2 in separate beam paths. Since the concentration to be measured differs by approx. 1: 100, each channel receives its own measuring cuvette, which is different in length. The different lengths are chosen in order to make the initial characteristics that are bent according to the Lambert-Beer law linearizable. Both cuvettes are charged with sample gas in parallel. The individual components and the quotient of 13CO2 / 12CO2 are output as the result of the measurement.
  • the two measurement results must in turn be post-processed in order to obtain a reasonable degree of coordination with one another, since this is one and the same sample gas, but consisting of several components.
  • Beer's law-reflecting problem is important in multi-component measurement.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of enabling multi-component measurement with high accuracy and as little equipment outlay as possible.
  • the aim of this invention is a multi-component measurement without the disadvantages of the measurement technology of this type used today. In contrast, this should be simple and inexpensive to implement.
  • the aim is to use only a single measuring cuvette in order to achieve the same dynamic profile for the different measuring components.
  • the essential thing here is the use of several detectors connected in series, which selectively measure the individual gas components.
  • the possible gas components or the correspondingly selected absorption bands must be selected so that each detector makes maximum absorption for the measuring component that it is to measure, and must be correspondingly transparent for the component that is to be detected in the following detector. Since the detectors only contain relatively small gas volumes, the extinctions caused thereby from one detector to the other are negligible or at least known and thus compensable.
  • the embodiment according to the invention assumes that the measuring component is in its natural isotope diversity.
  • the natural C0 2 98.9% 12 CO 2 consists of ca and a proportion of about 1% 1 13 C0 2 has Similar conditions apply to other gases such as CO, CH 4, and others.
  • the isotope ratio is sufficiently constant so that, for example, instead of 12 CO 2, the C0 2 can be measured 13 Varies thus the
  • composition of C0 the largely constant small proportion of 13 CO 2 also changes in a proportional manner. It is important, however, that the concentration is approximately 100 times smaller than if CO 2 in total or 12 CO 2 is measured. The absorption as such in the measuring cuvette is again so small that the largest possible residual light signal reaches the detector
  • the detector measures C0 2 represented by 13 C0 2, it measures the Lambert-Beer law in a significantly cheaper branch.
  • the photometer according to the invention works optimally for those gas components in which, for example, carbon is contained in the molecules as a chemical ligand. It is then possible in the manner according to the invention to apply the representative measurement of 13 CO 2 as a representative of C0 2 generally also to other molecules, such as, for example, to CO or CKi and other In In this way, the transmittance ratios are chosen so that the corresponding isotope absorption bands are shifted from those of the basic element. This is the only way to implement this procedure in general.
  • the detector was measured directly, i.e. not isotope-selectively because of the smaller fraction X, and in the detector connected behind it, the detector was filled with Y * and thus the isotope to Y as a representative of the Y concentration measure up. It is only important here that the first detector is transparent to the Y * band in this frequency range; This means that the absorption band of X must not coincide with that of Y * This can also be extended to gas mixtures e.g.
  • the detector X in turn does not measure a basic concentration of X isotope-selectively, and then three further ones connected in series Detectors are arranged, of which one Y * , one Z * and the last one is filled with W * .
  • the upstream detectors are transparent with regard to the downstream detectors and their absorption bands, that is, they do not overlap each other. The resulting extinction when passing through the detector window and when passing through the gas route as a whole can be predetermined very well, for example with the aid of calibrated cuvettes to be inserted, with which the individual extinction values can be determined
  • the measurement of the isotope ratios 13C02 and 12C02 is specifically aimed at, with the aim of using this embodiment according to the invention to obtain a modal possibility of measurement.
  • Encountered measurement This is achieved by using only one measuring cuvette for both the 13C02 and 12C02 measurements.
  • a filter cuvette filled with 12CO2 in line with the measuring cuvette there is a filter cuvette filled with 12CO2 in the manner according to the invention. Behind it is a 1st detector filled with 12C02 for 12CO2 measurement, and behind it again a 2nd detector filled with 13C02 for 13C02 measurement. No additional filtering is carried out between the two detectors E1 and E2.
  • the filter cuvette is inserted before the 1st detector, which is filled with 12C02, as mentioned above. This is filled with 12C02 and attenuates the dominant 12C02 main bands to such an extent that you can work with the subsequent 12002 detector in a flatter and therefore cheaper area of the characteristic.
  • the filter cuvette also reduces the
  • 12C02 cross sensitivity on the 13C02 channel. Only one calibration cell is used for calibration, which is filled with a mixture of 12C02 and 13C02 and can be swung in between the filter cell and the first detector.
  • Another and thus third embodiment of the invention as specified in claim 3, initially uses a structure as in the second embodiment, but the detectors are interchanged and an interference filter is arranged between the detectors, which is only the overtonebands of those in the following detector effective gas component can pass.
  • the arrangement of a filter cuvette as in the second exemplary embodiment is not mandatory because 12C02 is only measured by the rearmost detector, and only the overton bands are used for this. These overtonebands only have an absorption that is about 100 times smaller than that of the main bands. In terms of the detector characteristic, this is thus far in the linear range.
  • the drawing shows the three embodiments of an NDIR photometer arrangement with a detector arrangement and filling according to the invention.
  • Figure 1 inventive structure according to claim 1.
  • Figure 2 Construction according to the invention according to claim 2.
  • the photometer or the photometer arrangement essentially consists of a radiation source, a radiation modulator 2 and a measuring cuvette 3. This is provided with a gas inlet 3a and a gas outlet 3b, so that measuring gas can be introduced and the measuring cuvette can be drained off again at the gas inlet.
  • the first optopneumatic detector E1 which is filled with the gas component X and then measures it.
  • Another detector E2 is arranged behind the first detector E1. The other
  • Detector E2 for measuring gas component Y is filled with its isotope Y * . In other words, it measures the concentration of Y * as a representative of the gas component Y and thereby concludes the concentration of Y.
  • the first detector is optically transparent with regard to the further gas component Y * to be measured or its characteristic absorption bands.
  • a further detector (not shown here anymore) for measuring at least one further gas component Z is arranged behind the preceding detector. It is not mandatory, but helpful here, too, to fill the further detector in the same way with the isotope Z * of the gas component Z to be measured if there were otherwise linearization problems.
  • the preceding detectors are optically transparent with regard to the further gas component Z * to be measured or their characteristic absorption bands. This means that the other gas components are not measured directly, but rather representatively via their isotopes. Of course, the composition of the filling of the calibration cell has to be adjusted accordingly.
  • a calibration cell can be provided, which can be inserted between the measuring cell 3 and the first detector E1, and which has a mixture of X + Y * or X + Y * + Z * or X + Y * + Z * + is filled.
  • the NDIR photometer arrangement also has only one measuring beam path.
  • the measurement of the isotope ratios 13C02 and 12C02 is specifically used.
  • the goal is to obtain a modal possibility of measurement, with the on-line measurement in the foreground.
  • this is achieved by using only one measuring cuvette for both the 13C02 and 12C02 measurements.
  • Behind it is a 12C02 filled 1 detector E1 for 12C02 measurement, and then a 13C02 filled 2 detector for 13C02 measurement.
  • the large measurement range can be linearized or the measurement can be shifted into the linear range of the measurement curve so that before 12C02-
  • a filter cuvette is arranged in the receiver. This then evaporates the radiation to such an extent that the subsequent 12C02 detector operates in the linear section of its measurement curve.
  • the filter cuvette simultaneously reduces the 12C02-Querempf ⁇ ndl ⁇ chke ⁇ t on the 13C02 channel. Only one calibration cell is used for calibration, which is filled with a mixture of 12C02 and 13C02, and if necessary in the
  • Beam path can be pivoted
  • the structure is initially as in FIG. 1 or 2, the filter cuvette no longer being mandatory, and the detectors also being interchanged D h. the 13C02-
  • the detector is now at the front and the 12C02 detector is only behind.
  • Said interference filter is such that it only transmits the radiation in the area of the overtone bands of the 12C02 for the subsequent 12C02 detector.
  • the linearization of the large measuring range is achieved by arranging the interference filter in front of the 12002 detector This only allows radiation to pass in the region of the overtone band of the 12C02, which, as already mentioned above, has only a much weaker extinction than that of the fundamental at 4.25 ⁇ m.
  • the pass band of this filter is 2.0 ⁇ m or 2.7 ⁇ m in the present exemplary embodiment.
  • the absorption or extinction is smaller than in the area of the main band. With 12C02 this is only one hundredth of the absorption in the main band. It measures law see in the inventive manner again only in the linear and well calibrated range of Lambert Beer '.

Abstract

Photomètre destiné à la mesure de constituants gazeux, qui possède un émetteur de rayonnement infrarouge avec modulation de l'émetteur, une cuvette de mesure dotée d'une chambre de mesure et de comparaison, et un détecteur à absorption optopneumatique sur le constituant gazeux X, donc rempli de X. Selon la présente invention, pour qu'il soit possible d'obtenir une mesure de plusieurs constituants très précise et exigeant peu d'appareils avec un photomètre de ce type, au moins un autre détecteur est placé derrière le premier détecteur, pour la mesure de plusieurs constituants gazeux. Cet autre détecteur est rempli de l'isotope Y* pour la mesure du constituant gazeux Y et le premier détecteur est optiquement transparent concernant l'autre constituant gazeux Y* à mesurer, en particulier les bandes d'absorption caractéristiques dudit constituant.
EP98951168A 1997-08-18 1998-08-12 Photometre a spectroscopie d'absorption non dispersive dans l'infrarouge (ndir) pour la mesure de plusieurs constituants Ceased EP1005635A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19735719 1997-08-18
DE19735719 1997-08-18
DE19752508A DE19752508A1 (de) 1997-08-18 1997-11-27 NDIR-Fotometer zur Mehrkomponentenmessung
DE19752508 1997-11-27
PCT/DE1998/002412 WO1999009391A2 (fr) 1997-08-18 1998-08-12 Photometre a spectroscopie d'absorption non dispersive dans l'infrarouge (ndir) pour la mesure de plusieurs constituants

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1005635A2 true EP1005635A2 (fr) 2000-06-07

Family

ID=26039234

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98951168A Ceased EP1005635A2 (fr) 1997-08-18 1998-08-12 Photometre a spectroscopie d'absorption non dispersive dans l'infrarouge (ndir) pour la mesure de plusieurs constituants

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US6452182B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1005635A2 (fr)
JP (1) JP2001516016A (fr)
WO (1) WO1999009391A2 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19752508A1 (de) * 1997-08-18 1999-03-11 Hartmann & Braun Gmbh & Co Kg NDIR-Fotometer zur Mehrkomponentenmessung
GB2411318B (en) * 2004-02-23 2009-07-01 Ford Global Tech Llc Driver assistance system
US7797983B2 (en) * 2004-03-29 2010-09-21 Gasera Ltd. Method and system for detecting one or more gases or gas mixtures and/or for measuring the concentration of one or more gases or gas mixtures
DE102004031643A1 (de) * 2004-06-30 2006-02-02 Abb Patent Gmbh Nichtdispersiver Infrarot-Gasanalysator
JP4411599B2 (ja) * 2004-10-26 2010-02-10 横河電機株式会社 赤外線ガス分析計および赤外線ガス分析方法
EP2000792B1 (fr) * 2007-06-06 2011-08-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de mesure de la concentration d'un composant gazeux dans un gaz de mesure
DE102009021829A1 (de) * 2009-05-19 2010-11-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft NDIR-Zweistrahl-Gasanalysator und Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Konzentration einer Messgaskomponente in einem Gasgemisch mittels eines solchen Gasanalysators
JP2012068164A (ja) * 2010-09-24 2012-04-05 Horiba Ltd 赤外線ガス分析計
CN104198426A (zh) * 2014-09-22 2014-12-10 合肥工业大学 非色散红外传感器系统中漫反射光气体吸收计算模型
CN108458750B (zh) * 2018-03-09 2020-05-05 上海理工大学 纯水液滴沸腾过程中气液两相多参数同步测量方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5945939B2 (ja) * 1979-11-17 1984-11-09 株式会社 堀場製作所 金属中の炭素分析装置
DE3446436A1 (de) * 1984-12-20 1986-07-03 Hartmann & Braun Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Nichtdispersives fotometer
DE3522949A1 (de) * 1985-06-27 1987-01-08 Hartmann & Braun Ag Verfahren zum nachjustieren von infrarot-gasanalysatoren
JPS63308541A (ja) * 1987-06-10 1988-12-15 Horiba Ltd 赤外線ガス分析計
DE3937141A1 (de) * 1989-11-08 1991-05-16 Hartmann & Braun Ag Nichtdispersiver infrarot-gasanalysator zur gleichzeitigen messung der konzentration mehrerer komponenten einer gasprobe
DE4115425C1 (fr) * 1991-05-10 1992-08-27 Hartmann & Braun Ag, 6000 Frankfurt, De
EP0634644A1 (fr) * 1993-07-13 1995-01-18 Mic Medical Instrument Corporation Dispositif pour déterminer le rapport des concentrations 13CO2/12CO2 dans un échantillon de gaz
JPH07167784A (ja) * 1993-12-16 1995-07-04 Fuji Electric Co Ltd 赤外線ガス分析計
JP3291890B2 (ja) * 1994-01-31 2002-06-17 株式会社島津製作所 赤外線ガス分析計
DE4419458C2 (de) * 1994-06-03 2003-11-27 Fisher Rosemount Gmbh & Co Ges Verfahren zur Messung der Reinheit von Kohlendioxid

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Title
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1999009391A3 (fr) 1999-05-14
JP2001516016A (ja) 2001-09-25
WO1999009391A2 (fr) 1999-02-25
US6452182B1 (en) 2002-09-17

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