EP1004756A1 - Abgasanlage einer Mehrzylinder-Brennkraftmaschine - Google Patents
Abgasanlage einer Mehrzylinder-Brennkraftmaschine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1004756A1 EP1004756A1 EP99119250A EP99119250A EP1004756A1 EP 1004756 A1 EP1004756 A1 EP 1004756A1 EP 99119250 A EP99119250 A EP 99119250A EP 99119250 A EP99119250 A EP 99119250A EP 1004756 A1 EP1004756 A1 EP 1004756A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- lambda
- exhaust system
- starting
- probe
- catalytic converter
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1439—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the position of the sensor
- F02D41/1441—Plural sensors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
- F01N13/0093—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are of the same type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/011—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1439—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the position of the sensor
- F02D41/1441—Plural sensors
- F02D41/1443—Plural sensors with one sensor per cylinder or group of cylinders
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
- F02D41/1454—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an oxygen content or concentration or the air-fuel ratio
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/08—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
- F01N13/10—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits of exhaust manifolds
- F01N13/107—More than one exhaust manifold or exhaust collector
Definitions
- the invention relates to an exhaust system of a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 1.
- a catalytic converter In the course of the tightening of the exhaust gas laws there will be an optimal reduction of pollutants of internal combustion engines is becoming increasingly important.
- The is known Aftertreatment of the exhaust gases in a catalytic converter.
- a catalytic converter For optimal mode of action a catalytic converter must ensure a favorable exhaust gas composition be carried out by a known Lambda control.
- a lambda probe In the simplest case, a lambda probe is placed in front of a catalytic converter which emits a signal to a controller which, on the basis of this signal and the power requirement the fuel input into the cylinders of the Internal combustion engine controls.
- lambda control can be carried out using the two-point method, at the one manipulated variable their direction with every voltage jump, the one Change bold / lean or lean / bold indicates changed.
- two-point regulation affects aging and environmental influences (poisoning) as interference on the measurement of an accuracy.
- To this Purpose is known to add another lambda probe behind the catalytic converter to arrange, the influences mentioned above in much less Dimensions is exposed.
- the principle of the two-probe control is the controlled one Fat or lean shift through a correction control loop aditively changed.
- the catalytic converters only achieve an optimal effect if they are in a certain temperature range (e.g. 400 to 800 ° C).
- the catalyst is heated especially in the starting phase problematic.
- Pre-catalysts are used, which are arranged near the cylinders and which can be brought up to their operating temperature very quickly.
- the object of the present invention is an exhaust system of the beginning Specify the type mentioned, the precise adjustment of the air / fuel mixture enables.
- the signals from the aforementioned lambda probes are fed to a controller, which, on the basis of this information, exactly those sub-line branches or pre-catalysts can determine, by a non-optimal air-fuel ratio is led. This also enables measures to be taken to attribute these unwanted deviations in the individual cylinders to zero.
- not all sub-line strings have to with additional lambda probes downstream of the starting catalytic converters be monitored.
- n-1 additional Lambda probes can be provided after the starting catalysts.
- the lambda probes in front of the starting catalysts are preferably linear Lambda probes or broadband probes.
- the lambda probes after the starting catalysts can be designed as jump probes.
- the pre-catalyst function is usually monitored by Temperature comparison between the temperatures before and after the catalytic converter. As a rule, 2 temperature sensors are used for each sub-line needed.
- a pre or Starting catalyst also by comparing the lambda signals before and be monitored after the catalyst.
- a temperature probe can also be used or a temperature sensor after the respective pre-catalyst be arranged.
- the exhaust system according to the invention brings good lambda controllability along with good full load behavior. Furthermore, a Inexpensive, lightweight and package-friendly exhaust system with one rapid light-off and heating behavior can be realized. Also results for lean concepts ( ⁇ > 1) the advantage of lower consumption compared a continuous double-flow system.
- the invention is described below using an exemplary embodiment and With reference to the single drawing explained.
- the drawing shows a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
- a six-cylinder engine 10 is shown schematically, with each three cylinders (namely the cylinders of a cylinder bank) into one Exhaust gas line 12, 14 are performed.
- the sub-line branches 12, 14 are pre and start catalysts VK1, VK2 in the vicinity of the Cylinder arranged.
- the partial line strands 12, 14 are after the pre-catalysts VK1, VK2 brought together in a main pipe 20, in which a main catalyst HK is used.
- the pre-catalysts VK1 and VK2 can be quickly to the temperature values required for good exhaust gas cleaning bring. After a certain starting phase, the main catalytic converter takes over most of the purification of those flowing through it Exhaust gases.
- VK1 and VK2 are in the corresponding sub-lines 12 and 14 linear lambda probes for monitoring the Air-fuel ratio arranged.
- the linear lambda probes 26 and 28 output a signal to control electronics, not shown, which at least based on these signals and the power requirement Controls fuel input into the respective cylinder.
- control electronics not shown, which at least based on these signals and the power requirement Controls fuel input into the respective cylinder.
- a lambda jump probe 24 according to the Main catalyst HK arranged in the main pipe 20. This probe 24 is the Exposed to much less environmental influences.
- the Lambda probe 24 Since the Lambda probe 24 is arranged in the main tube, it is used by everyone Partial lines 12 and 14 coming exhaust flows through, so that no detailed breakdown of deviations for the individual sub-lines is possible. For this reason, a additional lambda jump probe 30 in the sub-wiring harness 12 behind the Pre-catalyst VK1 arranged, which also sends a voltage signal to the Control (not shown) delivers. Based on the signals from the lambda jump probes 30 and 24 can control incorrect measurements in the linear Assess lambda probes 26 and 28 and also precisely one specific one Assign probe. In this respect, this arrangement is a precise regulation the air-fuel composition to the required lambda value also possible in each individual line section.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
- Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (6)
- Abgasanlage einer Mehrzylinder-Brennkraftmaschine mit zumindest einem Anlagenteil, bei dem die Brennkraftmaschinen-Abgase oder Teile davon zunächst durch zumindest zwei auf Zylindergruppen aufgeteilte Teilleitungsstränge geführt sind, in denen jeweils ein Startkatalysator eingesetzt ist und die sich zu einem gemeinsamen Hauptrohr vereinigen, in dem ein Hauptkatalysator eingesetzt ist, wobei zumindest eine Lambda-Sonde vor und eine Lambda-Sonde nach den Katalysatoren angeordnet sind,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß vor jedem Startkatalysator eine Lambda-Sonde angeordnet ist, und zumindest in einem Teilleitungsstrang nach dem Startkatalysator eine zusätzliche Lambda-Sonde angeordnet ist. - Abgasanlage nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß nicht in allen Teilleitungssträngen nach dem Startkatalysator eine zusätzliche Lambda-Sonde angeordnet ist. - Abgasanlage nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß bei n Teilleitungssträngen n-1 zusätzliche Lambda-Sonden vorgesehen sind. - Abgasanlage nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Lambda-Sonden vor den Startkatalysatoren als lineare Lambda-Sonden oder Breitbandsonden ausgebildet sind. - Abgasanlage nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die zumindest eine Lambda-Sonde nach dem Startkatalysator als Sprungsonde ausgebildet ist. - Abgasanlage nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß in einem Teilleitungsstrang nach einem Startkatalysator eine Temperatursonde oder ein Temperatursensor vorgesehen ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19852294A DE19852294A1 (de) | 1998-11-12 | 1998-11-12 | Abgasanlage einer Mehrzylinder-Brennkraftmaschine |
DE19852294 | 1998-11-12 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1004756A1 true EP1004756A1 (de) | 2000-05-31 |
EP1004756B1 EP1004756B1 (de) | 2002-01-30 |
Family
ID=7887635
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99119250A Expired - Lifetime EP1004756B1 (de) | 1998-11-12 | 1999-09-28 | Abgasanlage einer Mehrzylinder-Brennkraftmaschine |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6321529B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1004756B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP4435913B2 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19852294A1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2170564T3 (de) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1205648A3 (de) * | 2000-11-10 | 2003-09-10 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Katalysatorbeheizung |
EP1143131A3 (de) * | 2000-04-07 | 2004-04-28 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Mehrflutige Abgasanlage und Verfahren zur Regelung eines Luft-Kraftstoff-Verhältnisses und Steuerung einer NOx-Regeneration eines NOx-Speicherkatalysators |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10029633A1 (de) * | 2000-04-07 | 2001-10-11 | Volkswagen Ag | Mehrflutige Abgasanlage eines Mehrzylindermotors und Verfahren zur Regelung eines Luft-Kraftstoff-Verhältnisses |
JP3759578B2 (ja) * | 2000-09-01 | 2006-03-29 | 株式会社デンソー | 排出ガス浄化用触媒の劣化検出装置 |
DE10100613C1 (de) | 2001-01-09 | 2002-06-13 | Siemens Ag | Abgasreinigungsanlage für eine Brennkraftmaschine |
DE10109331C1 (de) * | 2001-02-27 | 2002-06-13 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zum Einstellen der Sauerstoffkonzentration eines Dreiwege-Katalysatorsystems |
US6467259B1 (en) * | 2001-06-19 | 2002-10-22 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Method and system for operating dual-exhaust engine |
DE10142669B4 (de) * | 2001-08-31 | 2004-04-15 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Motorsteuerung und Verfahren zum Reinigen eines Katalysators in einer Abgasanlage einer Mehrzylinderbrennkraftmaschine |
DE10152456A1 (de) * | 2001-10-24 | 2003-05-08 | Volkswagen Ag | Brennkraftmaschine mit auf mindestens 3 Zylinderbänke aufgeteilten Zylindern |
DE10239258A1 (de) * | 2002-08-22 | 2004-03-04 | Volkswagen Ag | Verbrennungsmotor und Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Verbrennungsmotors mit einer Kraftstoffregelungsvorrichtung |
DE10261911A1 (de) | 2002-12-30 | 2004-07-29 | Volkswagen Ag | Verfahren zur Steuerung der Temperatur eines Katalysators sowie Mehrzylindermotor mit lambdasplitfähiger Abgasreinigungsanlage |
DE102005034880B4 (de) | 2005-07-26 | 2007-06-06 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Diagnose einer Abgasreinigungsanlage |
CN114076022B (zh) * | 2020-08-21 | 2023-07-14 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | 可变排气管件、可变排气管装置、发动机和车辆 |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5207057A (en) * | 1991-05-16 | 1993-05-04 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Air-fuel ratio control device for an engine |
US5233829A (en) * | 1991-07-23 | 1993-08-10 | Mazda Motor Corporation | Exhaust system for internal combustion engine |
US5317868A (en) * | 1991-12-10 | 1994-06-07 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method and arrangement for determining the conversion performance of a catalytic converter |
US5351484A (en) * | 1993-12-16 | 1994-10-04 | Ford Motor Company | Light-off catalyst monitor |
US5357753A (en) * | 1993-12-16 | 1994-10-25 | Ford Motor Company | Catalyst monitor for a Y pipe exhaust configuration |
US5444977A (en) * | 1992-11-02 | 1995-08-29 | Nippondenso Co., Ltd. | Air/fuel ratio sensor abnormality detecting device for internal combustion engine |
US5544481A (en) * | 1995-03-31 | 1996-08-13 | Ford Motor Company | Engine air/fuel control system and catalytic converter monitoring |
EP0727568A1 (de) * | 1995-02-17 | 1996-08-21 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Diagnosevorrichtung für ein Abgasreinigungsgerät einer Brennkraftmaschine |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0742542A (ja) * | 1993-07-27 | 1995-02-10 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 内燃機関の排気ガス浄化装置 |
DE19503852C2 (de) * | 1994-02-09 | 2000-01-27 | Fuji Heavy Ind Ltd | Kraftstoff-Luftverhältnis-Regeleinrichtung und Verfahren zum Regeln des Kraftstoff-Luftverhältnisses eines Motors |
US5657625A (en) * | 1994-06-17 | 1997-08-19 | Mitsubishi Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Apparatus and method for internal combustion engine control |
US5600056A (en) * | 1994-06-20 | 1997-02-04 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Air/fuel ratio detection system for multicylinder internal combustion engine |
DE19524980A1 (de) | 1995-07-08 | 1997-01-09 | Opel Adam Ag | Abgasanlage einer Mehrzylinder-Brennkraftmaschine |
CA2235734C (en) * | 1995-11-17 | 2002-02-19 | Yukio Kinugasa | Method and device for purifying exhaust gas of engine |
JP4092743B2 (ja) * | 1996-07-05 | 2008-05-28 | マツダ株式会社 | エンジンの触媒劣化検出方法およびその装置 |
DE19629554C2 (de) * | 1996-07-22 | 2000-05-25 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zur Temperaturregelung für eine Lambdasonde |
US6047544A (en) * | 1997-08-20 | 2000-04-11 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Engine exhaust gas purification catalyst and exhaust gas purifier |
US5983627A (en) * | 1997-09-02 | 1999-11-16 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Closed loop control for desulfating a NOx trap |
-
1998
- 1998-11-12 DE DE19852294A patent/DE19852294A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1999
- 1999-09-28 EP EP99119250A patent/EP1004756B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-09-28 DE DE59900795T patent/DE59900795D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-09-28 ES ES99119250T patent/ES2170564T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-10-13 US US09/417,313 patent/US6321529B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-11-11 JP JP32106699A patent/JP4435913B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5207057A (en) * | 1991-05-16 | 1993-05-04 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Air-fuel ratio control device for an engine |
US5233829A (en) * | 1991-07-23 | 1993-08-10 | Mazda Motor Corporation | Exhaust system for internal combustion engine |
US5317868A (en) * | 1991-12-10 | 1994-06-07 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method and arrangement for determining the conversion performance of a catalytic converter |
US5444977A (en) * | 1992-11-02 | 1995-08-29 | Nippondenso Co., Ltd. | Air/fuel ratio sensor abnormality detecting device for internal combustion engine |
US5351484A (en) * | 1993-12-16 | 1994-10-04 | Ford Motor Company | Light-off catalyst monitor |
US5357753A (en) * | 1993-12-16 | 1994-10-25 | Ford Motor Company | Catalyst monitor for a Y pipe exhaust configuration |
EP0727568A1 (de) * | 1995-02-17 | 1996-08-21 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Diagnosevorrichtung für ein Abgasreinigungsgerät einer Brennkraftmaschine |
US5544481A (en) * | 1995-03-31 | 1996-08-13 | Ford Motor Company | Engine air/fuel control system and catalytic converter monitoring |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1143131A3 (de) * | 2000-04-07 | 2004-04-28 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Mehrflutige Abgasanlage und Verfahren zur Regelung eines Luft-Kraftstoff-Verhältnisses und Steuerung einer NOx-Regeneration eines NOx-Speicherkatalysators |
EP1205648A3 (de) * | 2000-11-10 | 2003-09-10 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Katalysatorbeheizung |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6321529B1 (en) | 2001-11-27 |
JP4435913B2 (ja) | 2010-03-24 |
EP1004756B1 (de) | 2002-01-30 |
ES2170564T3 (es) | 2002-08-01 |
DE19852294A1 (de) | 2000-05-18 |
JP2000145498A (ja) | 2000-05-26 |
DE59900795D1 (de) | 2002-03-14 |
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