Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
  • B02B—PREPARING GRAIN FOR MILLING; REFINING GRANULAR FRUIT TO COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS BY WORKING THE SURFACE
  • B02B1/00—Preparing grain for milling or like processes
  • B02B1/08—Conditioning grain with respect to temperature or water content
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
  • B02B—PREPARING GRAIN FOR MILLING; REFINING GRANULAR FRUIT TO COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS BY WORKING THE SURFACE
  • B02B5/00—Grain treatment not otherwise provided for
  • B02B5/02—Combined processes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
  • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
  • B02C9/00—Other milling methods or mills specially adapted for grain
  • B02C9/04—Systems or sequences of operations; Plant

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for grinding cereals and an apparatus for carrying out the method (flat grinding method).
• the prior art includes a flat grinding process (deep milling) in which the endosperm is separated from the husk in the case of wheat grains.
• the wheat grains are flattened between two rollers of a first pair of rollers.
• the rollers are designed with a smooth surface. The gap is chosen so that the wheat grains are pressed flat.
• the flattened wheat grains are fed to two further pairs of rollers without intermediate sieving. These pairs of rollers have corrugated rollers, the first pair of rollers having approximately eight corrugations per centimeter and the second pair having approximately eleven corrugations per centimeter.
• rollers of the first corrugated pair of rollers have different speeds of rotation.
• rollers of the second corrugated pair of rollers have different speeds of rotation.
• the ground products are fed to a plan sifter.
• Bran parts are sifted out and used for other purposes.
• Flour products are either fed directly to another use or fed to a further roller mill with two pairs of rollers, the first pair of rollers having corrugated rollers and the second pair of rollers being equipped with smooth rollers.
• the product obtained in this way is in turn fed to the plan sifter, and the parts which have been screened off, that is to say which have fallen through, are likewise fed to further use.
• the transitions are in turn fed to the last roller mill.
• the technical problem on which the invention is based is to provide a method and a device for grinding cereals in which the cereals are comminuted more quickly and in which proportionally more flour is obtained in the first grinding step and in which the total flour yield is more than 75% is.
• the flour yield after the first grinding step is significantly greater than with the prior art method. It is quite possible to get a share of 30 to 40% of flour after the first grind.
• the yield of light flour is also essential borrowed higher than the prior art methods.
• the flour body (endosperm) of a cereal grain must be separated from the bran (husks and germs).
• the cereal grains are wetted with water so that the skins soften and can then be peeled off.
• This method is used not only for cereal grains, but also for other cereals in which the husk is to be separated from the core.
• cereals for example, legumes, rice, corn, beans, also coffee beans, cocoa beans and the like.
• cereals is to be understood to mean all fruits which have a core and a hard or soft skin or skin surrounding the core.
• the cereals are wetted with water so that the shells absorb the liquid and obtain a rubbery consistency.
• the wetting takes place according to the invention in such a way that the shells have a greater moisture content than the endosperm. This ensures that the shear forces only act in the endosperm.
• the rubber-like shell is not or hardly attacked by the shear forces.
• the internal structure of the endosperm is unlocked differently.
• the shell and endooperm have a certain basic moisture content, for example 13%. Moisture in the shell is increased to 16%, for example, by wetting with liquid. Basically, the method according to the invention also works if the endosperm also absorbs liquid. The main thing is that the shell has a greater moisture content than the endosperm.
• an endosperm that only has the basic moisture content and has absorbed no or hardly any other liquid through the wetting is referred to as dry or approximately dry.
• the cereals are advantageously wetted with the liquid in a wetting device.
• the cereals are preferably mixed with liquid and passed through a tube which is set in a shaking motion.
• the cereal-liquid mixture is subjected to strong acceleration forces in the tube.
• Such wetting is known from DE-PS 41 27 290 C2.
• the cereals are prepared for the following grinding process.
• An optimally selected rest time ensures that the skin of the cereals is flexible, while the endosperm remains dry or almost dry.
• This so-called "glass transition" has the important function that the shell has maximum flexibility, while the endosperm remains dry.
• the glass transition must be determined and the conditions for wetting and the rest time must be adapted to the product to be milled.
• the cereals are fed to a first pair of rollers, in which one roller is preferably smooth or approximately smooth, and in which the second roller preferably has a fine corrugation.
• This fine corrugation is preferably designed as very fine corrugation, for example with fourteen corrugations per centimeter or more.
• the reefing with a twist of plus / minus two to four degrees is selected.
• both rollers run at the same or approximately the same speed of rotation. It is conceivable to run the rollers in a ratio of 1: 1.05 or larger.
• the shear forces on the endosperm occur in that the moistened grain slips past the smooth roller with the rubber-like shell, while the grain is transported by the roller with the reefing, as is known per se. This means that the grain is hardly moved forward by the smooth roller, while the grain is simultaneously transported by the roller with the corrugation on the side opposite the smooth roller, so that shear forces occur in the grain and in particular in the endosperm.
• the first roller is followed by one or more pairs of rollers, in which each roller has a reef lung, preferably with nine to twelve corrugations per centimeter.
• the corrugations preferably have a rounded corrugation surface.
• the so-called "Riffelgrund” is also rounded between the corrugations.
• the corrugated surfaces and the corrugated bases preferably have approximately the same rounding.
• the rounding of the corrugated surfaces and the corrugated bases ensures that the proportion of flour which is obtained during grinding is significantly increased.
• the second or one of the following pairs of rollers is followed by a pair of rollers, which is referred to as a "leveling roller pair".
• the rollers of this pair of rollers have a smooth or almost smooth surface.
• the purpose of this pair of rollers is to bring bran parts which have a curved shape and to which endosperm still adheres, into a flat shape. This in turn has the effect that the shell is rubbery due to the previous wetting, while the endosperm is dry and hard. The endosperm is at least cracked between the rollers or even partially detached from the shell.
• the material to be ground is fed to a plan sifter, where the first flour is already sifted out and the remaining transition is fed to the next pair of rollers or the next pairs of rollers.
• bran particles After the bran particles have been leveled, they are fed to a further one or more further pairs of rollers. A screening can then be carried out again, whereby coarse bran or fine bran is sieved off. The bran can be fed to a bran spinner in order to separate adhering endosperm particles.
• the bran is then used again.
• various types of flour are obtained after sieving, for example light flour, medium-dark flour or dark flour.
• atta flour or wholemeal flour is also obtained.
• Atta flour means that a 90 to 94% yield of the whole grain is achieved.
• Whole wheat flour contains 100% or almost 100% of the total grain.
• 3 to 5% of the products obtained can be removed as mist or semolina during the grinding process. These can be fed to a semolina cleaning machine or the like, for example.
• the process according to the invention has the advantage that it requires only a very small number of roller mills and at the same time a very high proportion of flour, that is to say the highest possible yields.
• the yields depend on the correct addition of water when wetting and the optimal soak time. It is possible to achieve optimal yields with very few roller mills, i.e. with a simplified mill and a short diagram.
• this process which is part of flat milling, which primarily serves to produce flour, can also be used as a process which goes in the direction of semi-high milling. In this case you get more greetings and steam, which from the diagram can be screened in between, for example with the help of classifiers or semolina cleaning machines or other such machines.
• a very simple, efficient and energy-saving method for grinding cereals is specified, namely a method in which flour is produced.
• the advantage of the invention is that the grinding technique, in which pressure and shear forces act on the grain, brings about a completely different disintegration of the grain.
• the endosperm structure is demonstrably destroyed, in contrast to the methods belonging to the prior art.
• the flours that were ground by the method according to the invention have much better processing criteria, such as an increase in water absorption.
• a higher dough yield is achieved for the processor of the flour.
• the increase in water absorption is controlled by certain measures, for example by adding water when wetting and changing the standby time, as well as changing the roller guide, the roller corrugation, the swirl and the speed of rotation.
• the dough properties change. The dough gains more flexibility when using flour which is obtained by the method according to the invention. This is achieved in that the edge layers of the endosperm are exposed during the first reduction process and reach the main flour.
• Another advantage of the method according to the invention is that the system according to the invention meets the highest hygiene requirements, since the short diagram means that only short transport routes are required.
• the device according to the invention is very easy to use. This is particularly advantageous since the device according to the invention is to be used primarily in countries in which the high yield of flour is of primary importance.
• the grinding process according to the invention achieves high flour yields while maintaining the high quality of the end products.
• Another advantage of the invention is that simple handling is possible.
• the method according to the invention arrives with the least use Electronics. It is even possible to drive the device according to the invention in manual mode. Fully automatic or semi-automatic operation is also possible.
• the device according to the invention is of modular construction, that is to say that the actual core of the device with the wetting unit and the roller mills can be supplemented with special machines or a cleaning unit. This equipment with further modules is also possible subsequently, so that the device according to the invention can be easily retrofitted.
• Another advantage of the invention is that only a few spare parts are required due to the low use of materials.
• only three or four different types of rollers are provided, namely smooth rollers, rollers with fine corrugations and rollers with rounded corrugated surfaces or corrugated mirrors and corrugated bases provided between the rollers. For this reason, the procurement of spare parts is easy.
• rollers with worn mirrors are preferably used as the last pair of rollers in order to split off endosperm particles from the bran particles.
• These rollers which have no or hardly protruding corrugations, but essentially longitudinal depressions, preferably run at different speeds, so that the endosperm particles are sheared off from the fine bran.
• a cleaning unit is provided in front of the wetting unit.
• This cleaning unit takes on the tasks of pre-cleaning, pre-cleaning with stone selection, main cleaning with and without Stone selection, a main cleaning with and without ergot separation, an exclusive stone selection or an exclusive ergot separation.
• This cleaning unit is designed such that several separation processes can be carried out according to density, sinking speed, mass or shape. This is achieved by an air flow generated by a fan of several and differently arranged work surfaces.
• the work surfaces are preferably designed as perforated sieves or special sieves or as wire mesh with different mesh sizes. The inclination of the work surfaces can be adjusted independently of each other.
• a special preparation is connected upstream or downstream of the wetting device.
• This has the advantage that all types of grain, such as wheat, rye, barley, but also other cereals, such as rice, maize, dumour, sorghum, spelled, millet, malt and the like, can be ground.
• This is also of great importance for the countries in which a simple grinding process with a high yield and flexibility is important. In these countries, it is important to be able to grind wheat one day, barley the next day, and corn the third day using the same device.
• roller mills In the combined grinding of different types of grain, it is advantageous to provide roller mills, the roller pairs of which are individually controlled and driven.
• the rollers of the roller pairs have different corrugations and rollers with different corrugations have to be used for different types of grain or cereals.
• wheat is mainly milled with smooth rollers
• rye is mainly milled with corrugated rollers. This measure considerably shortens the diagram of the mill.
• a special machine is advantageously connected upstream of the actual grinding unit.
• dry or wet disinfection can be provided for corn, while a peeling, scouring, sanding or polishing machine is provided as a special machine for barley or oats.
• the wetting unit is preceded or followed by a thermal cabinet.
• a temperature preferably between 18 and 20 ° C, before wetting and / or grinding.
• the cereals are exposed to microwaves after wetting with the liquid and before grinding.
• Microwave treatment of cereals is known from GB-PS 1 379 116 and from GB-PS 1 571 710.
• this produces aroma substances, similar to a roasting process.
• a kind of cooking process is carried out in the inner core. This opens up the strength more or less.
• Treatment of the cereals with microwaves has an advantageous effect on the ground products obtained. It is also possible to treat the ground products yourself with microwaves. This will upgrade the products.
• a cutting mill is advantageously arranged downstream of the first pair of rollers and / or one of the subsequent pairs of rollers and / or a plan sifter.
• the cutting mill has a cutting head and / or a micro-cutting head. In particular, by crushing the cereals with a micro cutting head, it is possible to considerably shorten the diagram of the mill.
• the use of the cutting mill is advantageous, among other things, in the production of wholemeal flour. It is possible to use the cutting mill to finely comminute the constituents of the cereals, in particular the shell, so that a very fine and good whole grain flour can be produced in a mill diagram which is also very short.
• a flat grinding method is specified.
• the diagram of this flat grinding process can be shortened considerably with a cutting mill.
• the use of the cutting mills in the high-level mill also brings about a considerable shortening of the diagram, so that this use is also very advantageous.
• this diagram is shortened by using one or more granulators.
• roller pairs are arranged according to the invention in such a way that the device has single roller mills or multiple roller mills.
• each roller mill has vibration monitoring. This vibration monitor monitors the decibel values of the roller mill.
• Each roller mill has special decibel values that depend on the type of product, the quantity and the quality of the product.
• the individual setpoints are specified in a controller, that is, the vibration value is set to a setpoint between a minimum and a maximum value. If the minimum or maximum value is exceeded for an unmanned mill, the mill is automatically switched off.
• Floors or departments can also be equipped with decibel monitoring.
• the rollers of one or more roller mills can run at a speed of 1000 to 1500 revolutions per minute.
• FIG. 1 shows a device according to the invention
• Fig. 2 shows the first pair of rollers of Figure 1 in section.
• Fig. 3 shows the second pair of rollers of Figure 1 in section.
• FIG. 4 further roller pairs downstream of the device from FIG. 1;
• Fig. 5 shows a roller of the last pair of rollers of Fig. 4 in section
• Figure 6 shows part of the last pair of rollers of Figure 4 in section
• Fig. 10 is a section along the line X-X of Fig. 9;
• FIG. 11 shows a device according to the invention with a cutting mill
• FIG. 13 shows a micro cutting head of a cutting mill in cross section.
• the wetting device (2) consists of a vertically arranged tube (9) which is arranged with a vertical axis.
• the tube (9) is set in a shaking motion by a motor, not shown, so that the cereals which have been mixed with a liquid in the tube or in front of the tube are exposed to strong acceleration forces in the tube.
• the shaken cereal-liquid mixture is fed to the stand-off cell (3).
• the grains remain here for a certain time in order to achieve optimal wetting.
• the cereals are then fed to the actual grinding process.
• the cereals are fed to the first pair of rollers (4) and immediately thereafter to the second pair of rollers (5).
• the first pair of rollers (4) consists of two rollers (10, 11), the roller (10) being designed as a smooth roller and the roller (11) having a fine special reefing.
• the cereals Due to the wetting, the cereals have a rubber-like skin and a dry or almost dry endosperm.
• the rollers (10 and 11) are shown.
• the rollers (10, 11) run at the same or approximately the same speed of rotation.
• a grain of grain (12) which has a shell (13) and an endosperm (14), is located between the rollers (10, 11).
• the roller (11) transports the grain (12) in the direction of the arrow with ribs (15). les (B). Due to the smooth surface of the roller (10), the rubber-like shell (13) of the grain (12) slips past the roller (10) and is not transported at the same speed as by the roller (11). As a result, shear forces occur within the grain (12), which primarily affect the endosperm (14), since the rubber-like shell (13) is flexible, while the internal structure in the endosperm (14) is changed by the shear forces .
• the cereals are then fed to the second pair of rollers (5) with the rollers (16, 17).
• the rollers (16, 17) have asymmetrically shaped corrugations.
• the surfaces (20) of the corrugations (18, 19) are referred to as "backs".
• the rollers (16, 17) are arranged such that the backs (20) of the corrugations (18) and the backs (20) of the corrugations (19) are arranged opposite one another.
• the rollers (16, 17) are arranged so to speak "back to back”.
• the corrugated surfaces or corrugated mirrors (69) are rounded, as are corrugated bases (70) between the corrugations (18, 19).
• the rollers (16, 17) are finely fluted rollers with nine to fourteen flutes per centimeter.
• the rollers preferably have a diameter of 250 mm.
• the amount of the rotational speed of the roller (17) is 2.5 times greater than the amount of the rotational speed of the roller
• the fast roller (17) preferably runs at 450 to 500 revolutions per minute.
• the cereals are fed to the plan sifter (8) after passing through the pair of rollers (5).
• the ground products are sieved in the plan sifter (8).
• the plan sifter (8) has a plurality of sieves (21, 22, 23).
• the transition of the screen (21) is fed to the pair of rollers (6).
• the transition of the sieve (22), which is referred to as coarse bran is fed to a bran spinner (24), and the transition of the sieve (23), which is referred to as fine bran, to a bran spinner (25).
• the diarrhea (26, 27, 28) of the sieves (21, 22, 23) can be separated again.
• the diarrhea (26, 27, 28) contains a large proportion of flour (29), a small proportion of haze and semolina and a further proportion (31) of ground products that can be processed further.
• the small proportion of haze and semolina such as the grinding products (31) is fed to further grinding processing.
• this small proportion of haze and semolina is fed to a semolina cleaning machine (30).
• the transition of the screen (21), as already stated, is fed to the pair of rollers (6).
• the pair of rollers (6) has smooth rollers (32, 33) which crack the endosperm parts adhering to the shells, so to speak.
• the shell parts are predominantly curved. Endosperm parts hang on these shell parts.
• the shells are wet from wetting, that is, they have a rubbery consistency, while the endosperm parts are dry and rigid. Because the shells with the endosperm parts are passed through the smooth rollers, the shells are, at least for a short time, brought into a flat shape. The endosperm parts cannot understand this movement, so that they are cracked or already partially released.
• ground products are then fed back to the plan sifter (8), where the sieving process described above is carried out again.
• the ground products (31) can be fed to further pairs of rollers (36, 37, 38, 39).
• the pair of rollers (36), like the pair of rollers (5 or 7), is finely corrugated (see FIG. 3).
• the pair of rollers (36) has the task of not carrying out a grinding process, but rather of optimally preparing the product for the pair of rollers (38) underneath.
• the ground products are then fed to a plan sifter (40) in which the ground products are sifted.
• the screening is carried out analogously to the screening described in FIG. 1.
• a transition from the plan sifter (40) is fed to the roller pairs (38, 39). It is also possible to feed transitions of the underlying sieves to the roller pairs (38, 39). These transitions can also be subtracted as bran, for example.
• the pair of rollers (38) and the pair of rollers (39) have corrugations (43) (FIG. 5) which are flattened.
• the corrugations (43) were obtained from worn corrugations (44) (shown in broken lines).
• the depth (71) and the removed imaginary projection (72) have a ratio of 60:40.
• rollers (41, 42) of the pair of rollers (39) are shown. Part of a grain (45) with endosperm residues (46) is arranged between the rollers (41, 42).
• the roller (42) runs at a greater rotational speed than the roller (41). For example, the rotational speed of the roller is 1.5 times greater than that of the roller (41).
• the grinding gap (47) is chosen to be relatively narrow, so that the bowl (45) lies in recesses (48) between the corrugations (43). Because the rollers (41, 42) run at different speeds of rotation, the remaining endosperm parts (46) are detached from the shell (45).
• This grinding process according to the invention gives a very high yield of flour with very few rollers.
• Fig. 7 shows a diagram of special devices that are upstream or downstream of the wetting device (2).
• the special devices include the cleaning device (49) with which a pre-cleaning or also a main cleaning of the material to be ground is carried out.
• the cleaning device (49) has work surfaces (50, 51, 52) which are used as perforated screens or Special sieves or wire mesh with different mesh sizes are formed.
• An air flow is generated in the cleaning device (49) such that the material to be cleaned is transported on the work surfaces (50, 51, 52).
• the material to be cleaned is passed in the direction of arrow (C) through a material feed into the cleaning device (49).
• the product inlet is closed by a pendulum flap for sealing against the negative pressure in the cleaning device (49).
• the goods to be cleaned reach the work surface
• flow straighteners are arranged under the front part of the upper work surface (50).
• the lower part of the machine there is at least one table level in addition to various guide floors, with which a separation according to grain density takes place.
• a complete stone selection can be carried out here, for example. If, for example, an ergot separation is to be carried out, a density selection can also be carried out with the lower part of the cleaning device (49).
• a conveyor trough without its own drive is included, which brings the relevant flow of material to the point of machine loading for admixing in the load.
• one or more special machines are arranged after the wetting device (2) and the stand-off cell (3).
• These can be a peeling machine or scrubbing machine (59), an impact blower (60), an emery - grinding or polishing machine (61), a read-out device (Trieur) (62), special grinding courses or special roller mills (64).
• the special grinding courses can be a peeling course, a pointed course or a scrubbing course or a polishing machine.
• the special machines (59 to 64) can also be arranged in front of the wetting device (2) as required.
• the special machines (59 to 64) are followed by a microwave device (74), in which cereals (12) are exposed to microwaves.
• the microwave device (74) can also be arranged directly after the stand-off cell (3).
• Fig. 9 and Fig. 10 show a roller mill (68) with the roller (16). The material to be ground is fed to the roller mill (68) in the direction of the arrow (G).
• the ground material falls straight down over the entire width in the direction of the arrows (H) onto a transport device which is designed as a vibrating trough (65) or as a transport screw (not shown).
• the grinding products are fed from the vibrating trough (65) to a device (66) for sucking off the grinding products. From here, the ground products are fed to a tube (67) and from there are transported to further roller mills or to a plan sifter.
• the rollers consist of hard cast iron or gray cast iron, steel, plastic, porcelain, rubber, copper and / or stone.
• Fig. 11 shows the first pair of rollers (4) with the rollers (10 and 11), which exerts pressure and shear forces on the cereals, and the second pair of rollers (5) with the rollers (16 and 17).
• Downstream of the second pair of rollers (5) is a cutting mill (75) which greatly comminutes the product of the pair of rollers (5).
• the ground and crushed product is fed to the plan sifter (8).
• the proportion of flour (29) is significantly higher than, for example, according to the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1 it is also possible to feed diarrhea from the plan sifter (8) to a cutting mill (76).
• Fig. 12 shows a cutting head (77) with columns of vertical knives (78) mounted at intervals. Separators (79) are provided between the knives (78). A rotor (80) drives the product inside the cutting head (77)
• FIG. 13 shows a micro cutting head (83) which has micro cutting plates (84).
• the product (85) is fed into a rotor (86) running at high speed and hits the exposed cutting edges (87) of the microcutting plates (84) at high speed. In this way, small parts are separated from the product until the shredding is finished.
• the particles are ejected through spaces (88) between the platelets (84). Due to the high speed, the product remains in the micro cutting head for a split second (83). The particle reduction progresses to a precise extent, and thus the end product has a uniform particle size.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
• Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
• Adjustment And Processing Of Grains (AREA)
• Cereal-Derived Products (AREA)
• Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
• Seasonings (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Publications (2)

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• 1998
  • 1998-07-01 RU RU2000101003/13A patent/RU2181308C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1998-07-01 TR TR2000/00155T patent/TR200000155T2/xx unknown
  • 1998-07-01 PL PL98337945A patent/PL337945A1/xx unknown
  • 1998-07-01 AU AU88053/98A patent/AU8805398A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1998-07-01 WO PCT/EP1998/004074 patent/WO1999002267A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1998-07-01 AT AT98939600T patent/ATE227163T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1998-07-01 EP EP98939600A patent/EP0994751B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime

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