EP0993647A1 - Procede pour commander la communication entre une carte a puce a microprocesseur et un terminal fonctionnant avec des contacts ou un terminal fonctionnant sans contact - Google Patents

Procede pour commander la communication entre une carte a puce a microprocesseur et un terminal fonctionnant avec des contacts ou un terminal fonctionnant sans contact

Info

Publication number
EP0993647A1
EP0993647A1 EP99929035A EP99929035A EP0993647A1 EP 0993647 A1 EP0993647 A1 EP 0993647A1 EP 99929035 A EP99929035 A EP 99929035A EP 99929035 A EP99929035 A EP 99929035A EP 0993647 A1 EP0993647 A1 EP 0993647A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
criterion
microprocessor
contact
contactless
value
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP99929035A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Lothar Fannasch
Johannes Dietrich
Andreas Rottmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Idemia Germany GmbH
Original Assignee
Orga Kartensysteme GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19834079A external-priority patent/DE19834079A1/de
Application filed by Orga Kartensysteme GmbH filed Critical Orga Kartensysteme GmbH
Publication of EP0993647A1 publication Critical patent/EP0993647A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
    • G06K19/07749—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
    • G06K19/07766—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card comprising at least a second communication arrangement in addition to a first non-contact communication arrangement
    • G06K19/07769—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card comprising at least a second communication arrangement in addition to a first non-contact communication arrangement the further communication means being a galvanic interface, e.g. hybrid or mixed smart cards having a contact and a non-contact interface
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/0723—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for using a microprocessor chip card which can be operated both in contact and in a contactless manner.
  • Contact cards have electrical contact surfaces for power supply and data exchange with a corresponding terminal that works in touch. Contact cards have been widely used for a long time as telephone cards, health insurance cards, bank cards etc.
  • Contactless cards contain a coil as an antenna for energy supply and data exchange with a corresponding contactless (inductive) terminal.
  • an antenna interface is provided which generates a DC voltage for supplying power to the microprocessor from an AC voltage induced in the coil.
  • the antenna interface also serves as a signal converter for the data to be exchanged between the contactless terminal and the microprocessor.
  • the subject matter of the invention is a method for a card which can be operated with contact as well as without contact and thus combines the functionalities of the two card types described above.
  • the mode of operation contact or contactless
  • the use of the card should be designed in such a way that the card automatically recognizes the mode of operation it has to work without the card user having to do anything. 2
  • a solution to this problem is proposed in DE 39 35 364 Cl.
  • a comparator is provided in the microprocessor chip card, to which the DC voltage supplied via one of the contact surfaces for supplying the microprocessor and the DC voltage generated by the antenna interface are fed as input signals.
  • a different signal is generated at the output of the comparator, and depending on this signal, a multiplexer is activated, which either sends the signal lines coming from the contact surfaces or the signal lines coming from the antenna interface to the microprocessor switches through.
  • This type of switching between the two functions is costly, however, since a comparator and a multiplexer must also be provided on the microprocessor chip card.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a cost-effective and reliable method for controlling the communication of a microprocessor chip card, which can be operated both in contact and also in a contactless manner, so that the chip card recognizes the respective mode of operation independently, without the help of the card user, with additional electronic modules in the chip card to differentiate between the contact-based and the contactless mode of operation.
  • FIG. 1 shows the top view of the chip card according to the invention. You can see the contact areas and the coil running under the card surface.
  • the components of the chip card are shown in more detail in FIG.
  • the contact field comprises five contact areas, one for the supply voltage (VCC), one for the ground (GND), one for the reset line (RST), one for the clock signal (CLK) supplied by the contact-working terminal and one for the serial, bidirectional Data transmission (I / O) is provided.
  • Connection lines run directly from these contact areas to corresponding inputs of the microprocessor module.
  • the antenna interface which is connected to the ends of the coil acting as an antenna. The antenna interface generates a DC voltage from an AC voltage induced in the coil to supply the microprocessor chip.
  • the connection line provided for this purpose is short-circuited to the corresponding connection line for the contact field in a node, so that both lines are each led directly to the single supply voltage input of the microprocessor module.
  • the antenna interface also serves as a signal converter for the data to be exchanged between the contactless terminal and the microprocessor module.
  • the data transfer between the microprocessor module and the antenna interface also takes place on a serial, bidirectional data line (I / O) bit by bit in the form of defined voltage pulses.
  • the data transfer between the antenna interface and the contactless terminal takes place by frequency, amplitude and / or phase modulation of the electromagnetic radiation sent by the terminal or the antenna interface.
  • the antenna interface transforms the data transfer in both directions.
  • the I / O line going from the antenna interface to the microprocessor module is also short-circuited in a node with the corresponding I O line for the contact field, so that both lines go directly to the one data input / Output (I / O port) of the microprocessor module are connected.
  • Microprocessor module two I O ports, with a separate I / O line from the antenna interface and the contact field to the microprocessor module.
  • the antenna interface is also able to generate the clock signal (CLK) necessary for the operation of the microprocessor module.
  • CLK clock signal line
  • the clock signal line (CLK) going from the antenna interface to the microprocessor module is also short-circuited in a node with the corresponding clock signal line for the contact field, so that both lines are led directly to the one, single clock input.
  • a ground line (GND) and a reset line (RST) also go from the antenna interface to the microprocessor module. These are also short-circuited in account points with the corresponding lines coming from the contact field, so that only one line is led to the microprocessor module.
  • the microprocessor module consists of a CPU, a volatile working memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), in which the operating system is stored, and a non-volatile, rewritable memory (EEPROM), in which users can store programs and control programs.
  • RAM volatile working memory
  • ROM read-only memory
  • EEPROM non-volatile, rewritable memory
  • T contact For the contact-type data exchange and for the contactless exchange of data there are respectively different data transfer protocols (T contact; T Konta t ⁇ os).
  • Corresponding programs are stored in the non-volatile memory (ROM and or EEPROM) of the microprocessor module in the card, which enable the microprocessor to support these two protocols, so that the microprocessor is programmed to carry out both modes of operation.
  • the term data transmission protocol means definitions (e.g. bit length (etu), level, synchronization bits, etc.) for the lowest physical layer of communication between the microprocessor and the contact terminal and between the microprocessor and the antenna interface, as well as application programs and command sets, that are higher in a transmission layer model.
  • the microprocessor module and the antenna interface are preferably integrated on a semiconductor module.
  • the invention takes advantage of the fact that the microprocessor carries out a so-called internal power-on reset and / or receives a reset signal after the supply voltage is high enough for its operation.
  • the contact-based terminal when a card has been inserted as far as it will go, triggers the supply voltage via a card-in microswitch in the terminal and immediately switches on the clock signal.
  • a typical lower limit for the supply voltage is 3V, for example.
  • the terminal with contacts always delivers the same value, eg 5V, while the level of the DC voltage generated by the antenna interface depends, among other things, on the distance from the card to the terminal.
  • the voltage actually applied in the contactless case may differ, for example once 3.5V and then, for example, 4V. However, this has no effect on the operation of the microprocessor. The only important thing is that the supply voltage is sufficiently high.
  • the terminal also sends the reset signal and sends it to the microprocessor via the corresponding contact surface (however, the microprocessor can also generate its own power-on reset for the first time) the card the so-called answer-to-reset (ATR), which contains, among other things, information relating to the respective data transmission protocol in the form of a predetermined bit sequence. Only when the terminal has received and "understood” it, ie is able to read the transmitted ATR and that The actual communication begins to support the respective protocol. However, if the terminal did not receive a correct ATR within a certain time window (approx. A few tens of milliseconds) after the reset or could not read it, the terminal sends a reset to the card again.
  • ATR answer-to-reset
  • the supply voltage is generated via the antenna interface when a card is inserted into the transmission range of the contactless terminal.
  • a reset is sent to the microprocessor about a few tens of milliseconds later. This reset signal is generated by the antenna interface. This can be done automatically after the supply voltage has exceeded a certain threshold or depending on a signal triggered by the contactless terminal and detected by the antenna interface.
  • the method according to the invention can also be used in this case for microprocessors which automatically generate an internal reset, the so-called power-on reset, when the supply voltage is present.
  • a protocol selection criterion is now stored in the memory (RAM or EEPROM) of the microprocessor module, and the microprocessor is to be programmed so that it performs a check of the stored criterion after a reset, the microprocessor depending from the result of this check, the communication is activated according to the contact protocol or the contactless protocol; i.e. takes a "contact-related program branch path” or a "contactless program branch path".
  • a corresponding control program is virtually stored as a start routine in the EEPROM and / or ROM memory of the microprocessor module.
  • the protocol selection criterion can take two values (A) or (B).
  • the protocol selection criterion if it is stored in the non-volatile EEPROM memory, is preferably set to a specific starting value (A) by the card manufacturer or card issuer prior to delivery to the user.
  • A a specific starting value
  • the method according to the invention also works if the starting value is indefinite, only the two values (A or B) being possible.
  • the rigidity value of the data stored in the EEPROM protocol selection criterion is (B. 0).
  • the control program is designed so that if the protocol selection criterion has the value (B), the "contactless program branch path", and if the protocol selection criterion has the value (A), the "contact-related program branch path" becomes.
  • the card-in switch After entering the card in the terminal with contacts, the card-in switch is actuated, the supply voltage is switched on and then a reset is sent from the terminal to the card.
  • the microprocessor of the card now checks the value of the protocol selection criterion. Since the value is (B), the "contactless program branch path" is taken according to the program. The value of the protocol selection criterion is also automatically changed from (B) to (A) according to the program. The card then sends the "contactless ATR", which is not understood by the contact terminal. Since the terminal with contact did not receive the ATR properly after the first reset, it sends a reset to the card again. As a result, the protocol selection criterion is checked again.
  • the "contact-related program branch path” is chosen according to the program.
  • the value of the protocol selection criterion is automatically changed according to the program - this time from (A) to (B).
  • the "contact-based ATR” is sent and the desired communication takes place.
  • the microprocessor of the card After inserting the card into the transmission range of the contactless terminal, the supply voltage is built up via the antenna interface and the reset for the microprocessor is triggered. According to the invention, the microprocessor of the card now checks the value of the protocol selection criterion. In this case, since the value is (B), the correct “contactless program branching path” is taken in accordance with the program, the card sends the “contactless ATR”, and the desired communication takes place.
  • the antenna interface builds up the supply voltage, and a reset is triggered each time the supply voltage has exceeded a certain threshold. For various reasons, the supply voltage may fluctuate initially when the card is inserted into the transmission range of the terminal.
  • the supply voltage once it has exceeded the threshold necessary for the operation of the microprocessor, falls below this threshold again, then rises again above this threshold, falls again, etc. until it is finally stable above the threshold.
  • the reasons for the initial fluctuation of the supply voltage are that in order to build up the supply voltage, power has to be drawn from the electromagnetic field of the terminal by the card via the coil.
  • the time course of the voltage build-up depends sensitively on the position in which the card is brought into the field (effective area of the contactless terminal), whether the card position is changed, how quickly the card is inserted into the field, etc., which also plays a role that the field itself is not homogeneous, but that the intensity decreases quadratically with increasing distance from the terminal.
  • the general method according to the invention described above would be used to switch back and forth between the “contactless data transmission protocol” and the “contact-based data transmission protocol” until the supply voltage is stable above the threshold lies. Since the number of voltage breakdowns and rises is naturally uncontrolled, it would not be defined which data transmission protocol is now active when the supply voltage is finally stable above the threshold.
  • a first criterion (protocol pattern) is provided, which can take two defined values (AI or B1) or an undefined value.
  • a second criterion (start bit) is provided, which can assume two defined values (A2 or B2).
  • the microprocessor carries out a check of the second criterion according to the program, and if the second criterion has the value (A2), the microprocessor a) has a "contact-related program branch path" and b) sets the value of the first criterion to (B1) by means of a write operation in the memory, and then c) sends the “contact-based answer-to-reset”,
  • the microprocessor embarks on the a) "contact-dependent program branch path", and b) the value of the first criterion by a write operation in the memory from (AI) to (B 1) changes, and then c) sends the "contact-based answer-to-reset",
  • the microprocessor a) takes the "contactless program branch path", and b) sends the "contactless answer-to-reset", and immediately thereafter c) the The value of the first criterion changes from (Bl) to (AI) by a write operation in the memory.
  • the first criterion is preferably stored in the volatile memory (RAM) of the microprocessor module. It should be noted that the RAM memory only retains its memory values after a certain delay (in the range of seconds, in some cases up to a few tens of seconds) after the supply voltage drops, so that the remaining storage time also bridges temporary voltage dips (in the millisecond range) is sufficient.
  • the RAM memory allows faster access compared to the EEPROM. However, the access times in the EEPROM are also sufficient for most applications, so that the 1st criterion is also stored in the EEPROM.
  • the second criterion is preferably saved as a start bit in the EEPROM.
  • the supply voltage is built up via the antenna interface. Once the supply voltage has exceeded the predetermined threshold, the reset for the microprocessor is triggered. According to the invention, the microprocessor now checks the value of the 1st criterion (protocol pattern). If the value of the 1st criterion is stored in the RAM, its value is still undetermined at this point in time and the microprocessor now checks the value of the 2nd criterion according to the program.
  • the two possible, defined values of the protocol pattern (A1, B1) consist of several bits (for example two bytes), which are evaluated using a special algorithm. This ensures that a random bit pattern is not interpreted as a defined protocol pattern in the actually undefined state.
  • the microprocessor takes the "contact-related program branch path” and sets the value of the first criterion to (B1). Now breaks directly or during or after the attempt to send the "contact-laden ATR" - which must fail because the card is in the field of the contactless terminal - the supply voltage briefly together and again exceeds the threshold, so a new reset is triggered. The microprocessor thus jumps back to the beginning of the start routine and checks the 1st criterion (protocol pattern) again. Since the value of the first criterion is now (B1), the "contactless program branch path" is automatically adopted and the "contactless ATR" is sent.
  • the first criterion is set in such a way that the "contactless program branching path" is taken automatically after a reset - and until the "contactless ATR" has been successfully sent. This ensures that there is no uncontrolled switching between the two data transmission protocols due to the fluctuation in the supply voltage.
  • the microprocessor After entering the card in the terminal with contacts, the card-in switch is actuated, the supply voltage is switched on and then a reset is sent from the terminal to the card.
  • the microprocessor now checks the value of the 1st criterion (protocol pattern). Since the value of the 1st criterion is still undetermined at this point in time, the microprocessor now checks the value of the 2nd criterion according to the program.
  • the microprocessor takes the "contact-related program branch path” and sets the value of the first criterion according to the program (B1). The microprocessor then sends in the correct manner the "contact ATR". Contact-based communication is thus established.
  • the microprocessor then follows the "contactless program branch path" after the reset, since the value of the 1st criterion is now the same (B1).
  • the procedure is as above 14 addressed, the value of the 1st criterion in the "contactless program branch path” changed after sending the "contactless ATR” from (Bl) to (AI). This switchover point is always reached safely, since the voltage supply to the card in the terminal with contacts is stable.
  • Claim 9 requests protection for a card programmed according to the invention.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une carte à puce comportant un microprocesseur et pouvant fonctionner aussi bien avec des contacts que sans contact. Cette carte reconnaît facilement de façon autonome dans quel mode elle doit fonctionner.
EP99929035A 1998-05-07 1999-04-28 Procede pour commander la communication entre une carte a puce a microprocesseur et un terminal fonctionnant avec des contacts ou un terminal fonctionnant sans contact Withdrawn EP0993647A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19820329 1998-05-07
DE19820329 1998-05-07
DE19834079 1998-07-29
DE19834079A DE19834079A1 (de) 1998-02-21 1998-07-29 Verfahren zur Kommunikation zwischen einer Mikroprozessor-Chipkarte und einem kontaktbehafteten Terminal oder einem kontaktlos arbeitenden Terminal
PCT/DE1999/001247 WO1999059098A1 (fr) 1998-05-07 1999-04-28 Procede pour commander la communication entre une carte a puce a microprocesseur et un terminal fonctionnant avec des contacts ou un terminal fonctionnant sans contact

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0993647A1 true EP0993647A1 (fr) 2000-04-19

Family

ID=26046004

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99929035A Withdrawn EP0993647A1 (fr) 1998-05-07 1999-04-28 Procede pour commander la communication entre une carte a puce a microprocesseur et un terminal fonctionnant avec des contacts ou un terminal fonctionnant sans contact

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0993647A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999059098A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10311123A1 (de) * 2003-03-12 2004-09-23 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Als Eintrittskarte nutzbarer tragbarer Datenträger und Verfahren zu seiner Handhabung
EP1496468A1 (fr) * 2003-07-11 2005-01-12 Axalto S.A. Procédé de gestion d'une mémoire dans un objet portatif du type mixte
US7237719B2 (en) * 2003-09-03 2007-07-03 Stmicroelectronics, Inc. Method and apparatus for a USB and contactless smart card device
JP4617683B2 (ja) * 2004-02-24 2011-01-26 ソニー株式会社 半導体集積回路，携帯モジュールおよびメッセージ通信方法。
DE102004053475B4 (de) * 2004-11-05 2009-03-19 Hilberg, Wolfgang, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Digitale Universal Chipkarte

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3935364C1 (fr) * 1989-10-24 1990-08-23 Angewandte Digital Elektronik Gmbh, 2051 Brunstorf, De
DE4310334A1 (de) * 1993-03-31 1994-10-06 Walter Holzer Kontaktierte Chipkarte
DE59611468D1 (de) * 1995-06-02 2008-05-21 Nxp Bv Chipkarte
IL119943A (en) * 1996-12-31 2000-11-21 On Track Innovations Ltd Contact/contactless data transaction card

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9959098A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1999059098A1 (fr) 1999-11-18

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