Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C219/00—Compounds containing amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
  • C07C219/02—Compounds containing amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having esterified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton
  • C07C219/04—Compounds containing amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having esterified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
  • C07C219/14—Compounds containing amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having esterified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having at least one of the hydroxy groups esterified by a carboxylic acid having the esterifying carboxyl group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/04—Centrally acting analgesics, e.g. opioids

Definitions

• the subject of the present invention is optically pure (S) 2-methylamino-2-phenyl-n-butyl 3, 4, 5-trimethoxy- benzoate (I) of formula
• Pain is a complex subjective phenomenon comprising a sensation reflecting a real or potential tissue lesion and the affective response which it generates.
• pain is described as acute or chronic according to its intensity and its duration.
• pain lasting for more than 6 months is described as chronic pain.
• pain is classified in many ways, a summary of which can be found on p. 1422 and subsequent pages of the Merck Manual
• the NSAIDs which, in the arachidonic cascade, decrease the synthesis of prostaglandins and of algogenic thromboxanes by inhibition of cyclooxygenases, are known to be able to cause serious, in particular gastrointestinal and hematological, side effects (The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics - Gooddman & Gilman - 9th ed. p. 617-655).
• the opiate analgesics in addition to central effects (respiratory depression, nausea and vomiting) or peripheral effects (gastrointestinal transit) are known to cause drug dependence phenomena (ibid. p. 521-555 and p. 557-577) .
• R'i/ R'2, R'3 are hydrogens
• R' 4 is a Ci to C 4 alkyl
• R' 5 and R' 6 which are similar or different, are hydrogen or a Ci to C 4 alkyl
• R' 7 is aryl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups chosen from a set comprising, inter alia, a Ci to C 4 alkoxy radical.
• esters in addition to motility- and gastrointestinal transit-inhibiting properties and local anesthetic properties, are said to comprise analgesic and anti-inflammatory compounds which may be useful in the treatment of pain in digestive disorders.
• analgesic and anti-inflammatory compounds which may be useful in the treatment of pain in digestive disorders.
• Japanese Patent Application published under the No. 16416/1980 on 1 May 1980, there is described and claimed a process for the preparation of 2-dimethylamino- 2-phenyl-n-butyl 3, 4, 5-trimethoxybenzoate, whose racemate is trimebutine (INN) with spasmolytic activity (Patent FR 2,369M - 1962).
• the Japanese application also exemplifies the synthesis of the (+ ) and (-) enantio ers by the claimed process without mentioning any activity of the compounds .
• NDTMB N-demethyltrimebutine
• NDTMB participates in the effects of trimebutine on the gastrointestinal and colic motilities (Bueno, L. et al . , Gastroenterol. Clin. Biol. (1987), 11 (3), 90B-93B) .
• K antagonists which suggests the effect of the product by local stimulation of the K receptors of the mucous membrane or submucous membrane at the antroduodenal level (Gue, M. et al., J. Pharm. Pharmacol. (1988), 40 (12), 873-5).
• trimebutine As reported, the prior art most closely related to the subject of the invention is (R,S) 2-methylamino-2-phenyl - n-butyl 3, 4, 5-trimethoxybenzoate, a known metabolite of trimebutine.
• trimebutine reported to be a musculotropic antispasmodic compound which modifies the digestive motility, involving a peripheral encephalinergic agonist activity which stimulates the intestinal motility and makes it possible to inhibit it after stimulation (Vidal pharmaceutical dictionary - 1997 ed. - p. 434).
• racemate a parent compound of the (S) enantiomer which is the subject of the invention, is potentially useful, like trimebutine, in the treatment of functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and of the bile ducts and, consequently, in relieving patients of the painful manifestations resulting from these disorders.
• Trimebutine and its metabolite NDTMB comprise the same asymmetric carbon atom and are racemic mixtures. Potentially, in relation to the opiate receptors, they both have a eutomeric form having an identical absolute configuration given the nature of the substituents of the asymmetric carbon atom which does not allow inversion of configuration and also due to the fact that the N-demethylation does not modify this configuration determined according to the Cahn Ingold and Prelog rules.
• the enantiomers of trimebutine were prepared as mentioned in Patent JP 16416/1980, those of its metabolite, NDTMB, are new. Given the advantageous " properties of the racemates and of the likelihood of eutomeric forms for these products, the Applicant has undertaken the in vitro and in vivo study of these compounds, enantiomers and racemates.
• the invention relates to optically pure (S) 2-methyl- amino-2-phenyl-n-butyl 3, 4, 5-trimethoxybenzoate, its addition salts with pharmaceutically acceptable acids, and the process for preparing them.
• the invention relates to medicinal compositions comprising these compounds, their preparation and their therapeutic application in the treatment of chronic pain of various etiologies.
• the invention relates to the optically pure (S) 2-methylamino-2-phenyl-n-butyl 3, 4, 5-trimethoxybenzoate and its addition salts with pharmaceutically acceptable acids.
• optically pure there is understood that, in addition to the chemical purity established according to pharmaceutical industry standards, the compound is substantially purified from its (R) antipode, which means that for a minimum optical purity, the product according to the invention contains at least 90% by weight of (S) enantiomer or, expressed differently, contains less than 10% of undesirable (R) enantiomer.
• the preferred optical purity corresponds to that of a compound according to the invention containing at least 99% by weight of (S) enantiomer or, at most, 1% by weight of (R) enantiomer which is considered as an optical impurity, these levels being determined by appropriate analytical methods.
• the invention also relates to a process for the preparation of the compound of the invention and of its salts.
• the process for the preparation of (S) 2-methyl- amino-2-phenyl-n-butyl 3, 4, 5-trimethoxybenzoate consists either in preparing the racemic mixture and then in resolving it, or, according to the preferred process, in carrying out its chemical synthesis from enantiomeric precursors of (S) configuration.
• the process involving resolution of the racemic compound consists in using an optically active acid to obtain with the racemic compound treated two diastereoisomeric addition salts which are separated and from which there is generated, by an appropriate treatment, the enantiomer of (S) configuration, eutomer for the purposes of and according to the subject of the invention, and also for a comparative study of its distomeric (R) antipode. It is also possible to use a method for direct resolution of the racemic compound by liquid chromatography on a chiral column.
• the subject of the invention is also the use, as medicament, of the compound (I) of the invention and of its salts, as well as the compositions in which these products are used as active ingredients and which are intended for the preparation of medicinal forms useful for the treatment of chronic pain.
• the Applicant has undertaken studies to determine the stereospecificity of the affinity for the opiate receptors of the (R) and (S) enantiomers of the metabolite NDTMB compared with the latter which is a racemate and with the precursor, namely trimebutine TMB .
• This in vitro study reveals a preferential affinity for the (R) configuration, eutomer in this trial with a eudismic ratio in relation to the antipode of 0.3 to 0.4 on the various ⁇ , ⁇ and K subtypes, or in other words the affinity of the (R) eutomer is 2.5 to 3 times higher than the (S) antipode for these receptors.
• the respective affinities of the TMB and NDTMB racemates are not very different, the affinity of NDTMB being, however, lower for the ⁇ and K subtypes.
• the Applicant used NDTMB and the (R) and (S) enantiomers in tests which are recognized as being representative of chronic pain, such as : - the analgesic activity on the (tardive) tonic painful phase caused by injecting a formaldehyde solution into
• the results of the tests show surprisingly that the (S) enantiomer, which has a lower affinity for the opiate receptors, possesses, according to the tests, an analgesic activity equal to or greater than the racemic NDTMB and its (R) antipode, which activity should be considered to be particularly advantageous since it is only very partially of an opiate nature.
• the analgesic effect of the (S) enantiomer is only partially inhibited by naloxone, which is known as an antagonist of the so-called opiate analgesics, especially of those with ⁇ affinity.
• the (S) enantiomer which is the subject of the invention is, in contrast to the in vitro receptor study presented above, the eutomer as regards the application to the treatment of chronic pain such as for example during osteoarthritis, polyarthritis, spondylarthritis, postsurgical pain, trauma, painful sequela of zona, polyneuropathy, amputation of a limb and also vascular conditions such as arteritis or varicose " ulcer.
• compositions prepared according to techniques which are common for persons skilled in the art comprise from 0.5 to 75% by weight of active ingredients and from 99.5 to 25% of appropriate excipients which are chemically and physically compatible with the active ingredient so as to obtain medicinal forms adapted to the route of administration envisaged.
• tablets, sugar-coated tablets, capsules, suppositories, gels for local application or in occlusive supports, solutions for injections or administration by the oral route are prepared.
• a) as regards the method of resolution via diastereo- isomeric salts it consists in reacting the racemate, in an appropriate solvent, with an optically active acid so as to form two diastereoisomers which are separated by the difference in their solubility in the solvent.
• the diastereoisomer with the lowest solubility precipitates and it is isolated by filtration.
• the salts separated may be recrystallized from selective solvents to give a satisfactory optical purity or they may be treated in a basic medium in order to regenerate the respective enantiomers.
• the enantiomers of acids commonly used for the preparation of diastereoisomeric salts are, by way of nonlimiting examples, those of ⁇ -phenylglycine, ⁇ - phenylalanine and their N-carboxylated derivatives, of malic acid, of mandelic acid, of tartaric acid and their esterification derivatives with acids, or alternatively camphanic acid, 3-bromo-8-camphorsulfonic acid and its position isomers, ⁇ -methoxy- ⁇ -trifluoromethylphenylacetic acid.
• the enantiomers of these acids are commercially available and their use has been documented; they are therefore appropriate for the resolution of the racemate or the purification of any mixture enriched with one of the enantiomers.
• the preparation of the diastereoisomeric salts consists in reacting, for one mol of racemate or of mixture to be separated or purified, from 0.25 to 2.00 mol of the acid enantiomer in solution in a solvent or a mixture of solvents which are preferably completely or partially miscible with water, and which are usually chosen from alcohols, ketones, low-molecular-weight ethers or acetonitrile .
• the reaction is carried out in solution in ethanol, methanol or acetone by reacting, for one mol of product to be treated, from 0.5 to 1.25 mol of acid enantiomer, at a temperature between 20°C and that of the boiling temperature of the solvent used, which is generally preferred.
• the salification is complete after a period of between 5 minutes and 3 hours. After that, the reaction mixture is left, first at room temperature, and then optionally at around 0°C in order to crystallize the least soluble diastereoisomer, which crystallization is optionally facilitated by seeding with crystals of the expected salt. Upon completion of the crystallization or at a time which is judged to be appropriate in order to obtain the desired optical purity, the crystallized diastereoisomer is separated by filtration.
• the two " phases, each containing a diastereoisomer purified to a greater or lesser degree, are treated separately, either for purification of the salts, or for release of the enantiomer from its salt, which is carried out by an alkaline treatment in aqueous medium, followed by filtration or extraction of the enantiomer released, b)
• various chiral or nonchiral supports can be used for this separation.
• an appropriate method is adapted from that described in the publication JP 05215736 and consists in using, as stationary phase, carboxylic esters of polysaccharide such as the phase Chiralcel OJ (supplier Diacel Chem.) and in carrying out the elution using a mixture of a buffer solution (for example HC10 4 - NaC10 4 0.1 M) with a water-miscible organic solvent such as acetonitrile.
• a buffer solution for example HC10 4 - NaC10 4 0.1 M
• a water-miscible organic solvent such as acetonitrile
• an advantageous adaptation of the process consists in reacting propiophenone with potassium cyanide and ammonium carbonate, by the Bucherer-Berg reaction, in order to obtain (+/-) 5-ethyl-5-phenylhydantoin which is subjected, in an alkaline aqueous-acetone medium to a stereospecific salification with (R) - ⁇ -methylbenzylamine in order to obtain the addition salt with the (S) enantiomer of hydantoin, an insoluble salt which is filtered off and from which, by treatment with an acidic solution, (S) 5-ethyl-5-phenylhydantoin is obtained in a state of optical purity greater than 98% according to the process of patent EP 0,510,168.
• the (S) enantiomer of hydantoin is conventionally hydrolyzed, in an alkaline aqueous medium at 140°C, in order to obtain (S) 2-amino-2-phenyl -n-butyric acid on which N-formylation is carried out by reacting with pure formic acid and acetic anhydride in order to obtain (S) 2-formylamino-2-phenyl-n-butyric acid (III).
• the reductions are carried out in aprotic media which do not dissociate in solvents such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, 1, 2-dimethoxyethane or tetrahydrofuran (THF) which is preferred.
• solvents such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, 1, 2-dimethoxyethane or tetrahydrofuran (THF) which is preferred.
• the BMS complex is used in a stoichiometric excess relative to the products to be reduced in order to obtain a complete reaction.
• 2 to 8 mols of BMS are used per mol of product to be treated, the preferred quantities being, however, from 4 to 6 mols of BMS per mol of compound (II) .
• the product is subjected to reduction at the rate of 1 to
• the reaction as presented above, may be carried out according to a procedure A which consists in carrying out the alcoholysis of 3, 4, 5-trimethoxybenzoyl chloride with the amino alcohol (II) in order to obtain the eutomer amino esters (I) according to various widely described techniques (Sonntag, Chem. Rev.
• An alternative method which is preferred, consists in previously preparing in si t u a metal alcoholate of the alcohols (II) which is then subjected to the reaction with the acid chloride.
• the metal alcoholate is prepared by the action of alkali metals such as sodium or its hydride or alternatively its amide, or by reaction with sodium ethoxide or of potassium tert-butoxide in the presence of an inert compatible solvent.
• the metallation reaction " consists in reacting 1 mol of amino alcohol (II) in solution in 5 to 20 parts of THF with 0.9 to 1.1 mol of sodium hydride, the reaction of formation of the alcoholate being generally complete between 1 to 3 hours - and at a temperature between 0 and 67 °C.
• the eutomeric amino ester (I) is obtained by reacting one mol of (II) or of its alcoholate in solution in 5 to 20 parts of solvent with 0.6 to 1.8 mol of 3,4,5- trimethoxybenzoyl chloride.
• the preferred ratios for one mol of (II) or of its alcoholate are 8 to 15 parts of solvent and 0.8 to 1.3 mol of acid chloride.
• the reaction is then continued at a temperature of between 10 and 110°C for a period of between 1 and 24 hours.
• the reaction carried out between 20 and 67°C for 3 to 7 hours in THF, makes it possible to obtain the ester (I) with a satisfactory yield.
• the compound (I) is isolated from the reaction medium and purified by conventional methods such as extractions, crystallizations and column chromatographies .
• procedure B which is particularly preferred, the alcoholysis of methyl 3, 4, 5-trimethoxybenzoate with the amino alcohols (II) leads to the product of the invention (I) by transesterification which is carried out in solution in anhydrous aprotic solvents in the presence of catalysts of an acidic or basic nature.
• the latter method is preferred and leads, on the one hand, by extension, to the choice of 3, 4, 5-trimethoxybenzoic acid esters in which the alkyl radical comprises from 1 to 3 carbon atoms in order to obtain, by transesterification, low-boiling point alcohols such as methyl, ethyl, propyl or isopropyl alcohols and, on the other hand, the use, as reaction of benzene, toluene or xylenes which form azeotropes with these alcohols.
• the removal, during the reaction, of the alcohol formed is favorable, which is carried out by adding to the medium agents for sequestering this alcohol, such as molecular sieves of " appropriate porosity or by removal by distillation as it is formed.
• the acid or basic catalysts may be of an inorganic and/or organic nature.
• the basic catalysts are however preferred, such as alkali or nonalkali metals and their derivatives such as, for example, potassium tert- butoxide, aluminum triisopropylate, magnesium methoxide, sodium, sodium hydride, sodium ethoxide and methoxide, the latter alcoholate being particularly preferred.
• the reaction consists in dissolving one mol of amino alcohol (II) in 10 to 50 parts by weight of the appropriate solvent, and then in adding to the solution from 1.1 to 2.0 mol of benzoic ester. After addition of 0.025 to 0.05 mol of catalyst, the mixture is heated at a sufficient temperature to remove, by distillation, the alcohol formed or its azeotrope with the solvent. This temperature may be between 50 and 130°C and may be maintained for between 1 to 6 hours in order to obtain a satisfactory result.
• a particularly valuable technique consists in the addition of the catalyst in fractions or continuously during the reaction, and also in the case of an azeotropic distillation, to add solvent during the reaction in order to make up for the loss caused by the distillation.
• the preferred conditions consist in dissolving one mol of amino alcohol (II), 1.25 to 1.75 mol of methyl 3,4,5- trimethoxybenzoate in 25 to 35 parts by weight of toluene relative to the quantity of (II) used.
• the solution is heated to 65-75°C, 0.025 to 0.05 mol of sodium methoxide is added and the toluene-methanol azeotrope formed is " slowly distilled for 1 to 2 hours.
• 0.0125 to 0.025 mol of sodium methoxide is again added and distillation is carried out for 30 min to 1 h and this last operation is again repeated once.
• the products of the reaction are then isolated and purified according to the techniques mentioned above.
• THF anhydrous tetrahydrofuran
• the suspension is cooled to 0-5°C and 200 ml of methanol are added without exceeding 10°C, followed under the same conditions with 220 ml of a 10% NaOH solution.
• the mixture is stirred for one hour at 20-25°C and then the solvents are removed by vacuum distillation and on a water bath.
• the residue is taken up in 1250 ml of water and, after cooling to 0°C, acidified, with stirring, to pH 1 with about 40 ml of concentrated HC1.
• the acidic phase is extracted with 5 times 220 ml of methyl- -butyl ether and then alkalinized at t ⁇ 10°C, with stirring, by addition of 26.5 g of NaOH pellets.
• the solution is heated with stirring and, at ordinary pressure, 110 ml of a mixture of solvents are distilled off. After cooling to 100°C, 180 ml of anhydrous toluene and 2.7 ml of a methanolic solution of 4 N sodium methoxide are added. The mixture is heated and 150 ml of solvent are distilled off over one hour, following which the mixture is cooled to 100°C, 150 ml of anhydrous toluene and 0.9 ml of 4 N sodium methoxide solution are added, the mixture heated so as to distill off over 1 h 140 ml of solvent, cooled to 100°C and the addition of toluene and methoxide repeated so as to finally distill off 120 ml of solvent over one hour.
• the study consisting in evaluating the respective affinity of the (S), (R) enantiomers and of NDTMB which is their racemic mixture in solution in their salified forms on the ⁇ , ⁇ and K opiate receptors was carried out in comparison to their racemic precursor trimebutine TMB.
• the tests consist, on preparations appropriate for each receptor, in putting the affinities of the compounds in competition with those of radioactive ligands specific for each of the subtypes according to a technique adapted from that described by F. Roman et al . in J. Pharm . Pharmacol . (1987), 39, p. 404-407, which consists in incubating solutions of appropriate concentration of test compounds with preparations loaded with the radioactive ligand, and then, after competition and displacement of the latter, in filtering and then in determining the radioactivity.
• the test consists in determining the analgesic effect of the test compounds by the Randall and Selitto test in rats in which chronic hyperalgesia has been- triggered by intraplantar injection of PGE 2 over four days into a leg according to a protocol adapted from that described by M. Nakamura-Craig et al . ⁇ Pain, 63, (1995) 33-37). Practically, the study is carried out on batches of 120- 140 g Sprague-Dawley rats to which 100 ng of PGE; is administered in a volume of 100 ⁇ l by the intraplantar route for four consecutive days at a rate of twice a day, which causes chronic hyperalgesia in the leg from the fifth day, and this for at least one week.
• the threshold of reaction to pain is checked by the Randall and Selitto test and animals whose threshold is ⁇ 110 arbitrarily defined units are selected and then, in the afternoon, the measurement is repeated after prior administration by the s.c. route of a solution of the test product. This administration is carried out 30 min before the determination of the pain threshold.
• the mean of the thresholds determined before and after treatment is calculated for each batch and makes it possible, compared with the animals receiving only the vehicle for the test product to determine a result in % analgesic activity.
• the administration of increasing doses made it possible to determine the comparative activity of the (R) , (S) enantiomers and of their racemic mixture NDTMB.
• the mononeuropathy model in rats is produced by loose ligations of the sciatic nerve according to the Bennett and Xie technique, the effect of the test compounds is determined according to a modification of the Randall and Sellitto method with the aid of a U. Basile analgesimeter according to the technique described by G. Catheline et al. (European Journal of Pharmacol ogy, 318 (1996) 273- 281).
• the (S) eutomer which is the subject of the invention shows analgesic activity from the dose of 1 mg/kg by the s.c. route, an effect which is not modified by naloxone.
• the test is carried out with rats in which a lasting pain has been triggered by injecting carrageenin into the hind legs and which are placed in an area whose exploration is made painful. Different behavioral variables in the animal are observed which make it possible to qualitatively and quantitatively assess a possible
• analgesic effect of a test product shows an analgesic effect from the dose of 3 mg/kg by the s.c. route. c.3) - Evaluation of an opiate dependence effect: Saelens test
• the test according to J.K. Saelens et al. (Arch . Int . Pharmacodyn . (1971), 213-218) consists in causing addiction in mice by repeated administrations of a putative opiate product, followed by administration of naloxone, in bringing about a sudden withdrawal which causes characteristic reactions in the animal, in particular jumps of which the number, over a given lapse of time, reflects the morphine-type state of dependence in the animal under the action of the test product.
• the (S) eutomer which is the subject of the invention, its (R) antipode and, as reference, morphine were used in the test.
• repeated quantities, in increasing doses, of the products are administered by the s.c.
• composition and the preparation of tablets comprising, as active ingredient, (S) 2-methylamino-2-phenyl-n-butyl 3, 4, 5-trimethoxybenzoate L(+) tartrate (product of Example 3) is described.
• Magnesium stearate 1 mg Mix the active ingredient, the lactose, the microcrystalline cellulose and the carboxymethylstarch. Wet with the aid of an alcoholic solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone of appropriate concentration and granulate. Dry and size the " granule. Mix homogeneously the magnesium stearate and then tablet at the rate of 200 mg per tablet.

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• 1997
  • 1997-06-30 FR FR9708323A patent/FR2765218B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
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