EP0987350B1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Aufbringen eines Phosphatüberzuges auf Werkstücke - Google Patents
Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Aufbringen eines Phosphatüberzuges auf Werkstücke Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0987350B1 EP0987350B1 EP99890263A EP99890263A EP0987350B1 EP 0987350 B1 EP0987350 B1 EP 0987350B1 EP 99890263 A EP99890263 A EP 99890263A EP 99890263 A EP99890263 A EP 99890263A EP 0987350 B1 EP0987350 B1 EP 0987350B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- wire
- phosphating
- bath
- unit
- pickling
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 29
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 title claims description 29
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims description 28
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 title claims description 28
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 23
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 25
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 4
- 229910000165 zinc phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010041243 Social avoidant behaviour Diseases 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001844 chromium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000275 quality assurance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005028 tinplate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/36—Phosphatising
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for applying a phosphate coating with controlled layer thickness as an aid in a non-cutting cold forming of low-alloy or non-alloyed steels in the form of wires or rods with the use of electric current.
- the invention comprises a device for applying a phosphate coating with controlled layer thickness as an aid for a non-cutting cold forming of low-alloyed or unalloyed wires or rods made of steel, consisting of at least the components: electrolytically operable phosphating unit, drying device, supply, supply and Discharge devices for the wire or rod.
- phosphate coatings For a chemical surface treatment of workpieces, in particular of iron-based alloys, as a temporary corrosion protection and sliding aid in a chipless shaping or the like cold forming or as a preparation and part of a surface refinement, an application of phosphate coatings has long been proven and is state of the art.
- a phosphating of the workpieces is carried out in a treatment bath containing as main components phosphates, usually alkali or zinc phosphate and reaction accelerating oxidizing agent in aqueous solution.
- Optimum film formation conditions can be achieved by precise tuning of the phosphate concentration, the type and amount of the accelerating agents added, and the temperature and pH in the bath.
- process conditions are to be selected, in which the loosely lying layer part is formed as small as possible.
- the process conditions determine the structure of the phosphate coating, which structure is to a great extent the Adhesion of a lubricant on the surface affected.
- the surface of the workpiece both over its circumference and over its longitudinal extent has a high adhesive strength, a uniformly formed, required thickness and a finely crystalline surface structure of the phosphate layer.
- the correct phosphate layer thickness is of particular importance because excessive layers, if necessary, significantly increase the friction, in particular during the first method step or during the first pull.
- phosphations which are too thin or uneven over the circumference of the workpiece tend to rupture the layer in the course of drawing, which can lead to inferior surface qualities of the product and lower durability of the drawing dies of the last draws.
- DE 25 05 836 A1 discloses that the surfaces are treated cathodically in an acidic phosphating solution containing a chelate compound.
- zinc is first deposited by the electric current onto the surface of the stainless steel, and then a lubricating film is formed in a phosphating step.
- US-2,812,296 discloses a method for treating the surface of steel sheet to increase corrosion resistance and improve the adhesion of a lacquer layer to make this sheet usable as a substitute for tinplate in the manufacture of cans for packaging purposes.
- the invention has for its object to overcome the shortcomings of the previously known phosphatizing treatments and to provide an economical method with which a firmly adhering, fine crystalline phosphate coating with a constant in cross-section and selectable thickness and with the same over the length basis weight on workpieces of iron-based alloys, especially on low-alloy steel wires, can be applied.
- a consistency of the coating should be achievable even with different treatment times and different ion concentrations in the treatment bath.
- the object is achieved in a generic method in that the wire or rod moves in the longitudinal direction relative to the device and thereby successively brought at least its near-surface region to an elevated temperature between 45 ° C and 120 ° C, passed through at least one treatment bath and during the passage through a phosphating unit with a lead time between 1.5 and 19 seconds, the surface is cathodically phosphated under the influence of electrical current such that when phosphating perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the wire circumferentially a same potential course in the treatment bath by a substantially tubular order the wire arranged anode takes place and the electrical parameters are adjusted so that the current density on the wire of 0.5 to 20 A / dm 2 reaches and the thereby applied layer dried after the removal of the wire from the bath or allowed to dry.
- the advantages provided by the invention are to be seen essentially in that at short treatment times, so with high efficiency, a fine crystalline, well-adhering phosphate coating, which is variable in its layer thickness by the electrical values in the cathodic electrolysis, is applied with high quality.
- This makes it possible to form desired phosphate layer thicknesses on the workpiece surface by adjusting the cathode current density largely independent of fluctuations in the phosphate concentration in the proportion of the lower-dose accelerating oxidizing agent, the temperature and the pH of the bath.
- the advantageous phosphate layer formation on the workpiece can be assisted, if this is brought to a temperature between 45 ° C and 120 ° C and the treatment bath is maintained at one between 45 ° C and the boiling point thereof, preferably with the proviso that the bath temperature is equal to or lower than the workpiece surface temperature is set.
- anode is further advantageously formed in the phosphating bath in such a way that its current density is kept at a value of 0.1 to 0.6, in particular about 0.3 times the current density at the workpiece surface, electrolysis parameters which are easily controllable can be achieved particularly effectively become.
- the workpiece is moved through the treatment bath at a speed of 5 to 500 m / min, preferably of 30 to 100 m / min, and on the surface of which a phosphate coating of 1 to 50 g / m 2 , preferably from 5 to 15 g / m 2 is applied.
- a phosphate coating of 1 to 50 g / m 2 , preferably from 5 to 15 g / m 2 is applied.
- Both the quality and the uniformity of the phosphating can be increased if the electrical values in the cathodic electrolysis are controlled as a function of the cation concentration in and of the respective throughput time of the workpiece by the phosphating with the proviso that the coating thickness over the workpiece length in the is kept substantially constant and that at an interruption of the continuous movement, the workpiece dug out of the treatment bath or the bath level is lowered below the workpiece level.
- This also makes it possible to largely eliminate a negative effect of the same on the product quality in the event of plant malfunctions.
- a particular advantage with regard to a continuous, highly economical phosphating can be achieved if the workpiece is pickled in its direction of passage before a supported by the action of electric current, in particular a cathodic phosphating. It has proved to be useful when anodic pickling in the run with a current density on the workpiece between 20 and 100 A / dm 2 , preferably between 40 and 80 A / dm 2 carried out and the pickling bath at a temperature between 45 ° C. and 95 ° C is maintained.
- the electrical power supply of the device can be simplified and their controllability can be effectively obtained if the electrolytic pickling and the like phosphating be electrically connected in series and supplied with regulated DC voltage.
- the material flow can be improved and the quality assurance of the coating can be increased if the workpiece with a cross-sectional area of 0.003 to 700 mm 2 descaled immediately after removal from the supply and / or linearly.
- the further object of the invention is achieved in a device of the type mentioned above in that the individual components of the device each have such an embodiment and arrangement that the wire or rod in the longitudinal direction through this Wegbewegbar and is machinable therein and that the phosphating unit at least one heating device for a moving wire or rod is arranged upstream, wherein the electroluminescent electrolysis unit for phosphating comprises at least one tubular electrode surrounding the wire and has a supply and on - and outlet side an overflow device for the phosphating.
- the advantages that are achieved by this embodiment of the device according to the invention result essentially from the fact that in an economically operable continuous system by means of an upstream heating device for the wire or rod best conditions for a fine crystalline phosphating with control of the phosphate layer thickness are created. It is also important that the electrolysis unit has a substantially concentric surrounding the workpiece electrode so that circumferentially the same potential variation or a same cathode case of the voltage is reached to the workpiece surface and favorable conditions for phosphating with constant layer thickness are given. In this context, a movement in the phosphating or a supply of unused Reactant on the workpiece surface important, which according to the invention by overflow devices, which prevent shyness and erosion, can be achieved.
- the phosphating unit which can be supplied with electric current, in the phosphating bath area and / or in its supply or discharge area has a device for rapidly lowering the bath level below the level of the workpiece.
- the electrolytically operable phosphating unit at least one, preferably substantially identically constructed pickling unit, preferably immediately upstream, a particularly economical and safe phosphating with high product quality can be achieved.
- the course of the coating can be promoted in terms of design and formation of the phosphate coating on the workpiece when the phosphating unit and the pickling unit and / or the supply means for the liquid phosphating and pickling media have controllable heating means for these.
- the electrical power line and contact training can be provided in a favorable manner that the tube electrode of the pickling unit and the tube electrode of the phosphating unit with the negative and positive pole of a controllable DC voltage source can be connected and that the workpiece can be formed without connection in each case as the anode and cathode ,
- the substantially concentrically arranged around the wire tubular electrode of the phosphating and / or the pickling unit, seen in the axial direction formed by at least two shell segments and at least a portion of Shell segments can be raised or swung out.
- the heating device is designed as an induction or conductively acting system and at least after the heating device, preferably before and / or after the pickling unit of the phosphating unit and optionally the drying device, a temperature measuring device for detecting and / or regulating the workpiece temperature is arranged, and when all measuring devices of the device are connected to a central measuring and / or regulating and / or documentation unit, a fully automatic operation of the device for applying a phosphate coating and highest quality of the coating can be achieved.
- FIG. 1 shows a device according to the invention for applying a phosphate coating to wire, which is subsequently deformed in a drawing device.
- the individual components of the device are created and arranged for a passage of the wire.
- a pickled wire rod 11 From a drum or a collar 1, a pickled wire rod 11, axially directed by a for example Bie concertstrom, and introduced into a controllable heating device 3.
- a regulation of the particular inductively or conductively acting on the wire heat plant can be done by a downstream temperature measuring T 1 .
- a downstream in the passage direction Z of the wire 11 phosphating unit 5 has a container for a phosphating medium 50 and has at least one feed 52 for this. Inlet and outlet sides, the container in each case has an overflow device 53,54, through which the wire 11 can be spent largely frictionless through the phosphating. For faults or for an insertion of the wire 11, the phosphatizing bath level can be lowered by means of a device 55.
- a tubular electrode 51 in the container which may be made in segmental form, is substantially concentrically positionable about the wire 11 and has a connection to the PLUS pole of a controllable DC source 8 with its MINUS pole connected to a contact roller 51 '.
- a heater (not shown) for the phosphating medium 50 may be disposed in the container or in a supply vessel.
- temperature detection means T 3 T 4 T 5 the measured values are preferably supplied to control device, the surface temperatures of the wire and those of the bath are detectable.
- the phosphating unit 5 is arranged downstream of the washing means 11, not shown in FIG. 1, for the wire 11, which wire subsequently passes through a drying device 6 and optionally a soaping device and is deformed in a drawing bench 7.
- the pickling unit 4 has basically the same structure as the phosphating unit 5, but may have a different structure. It is important that, because a pickling in the same line as applying a Phosphatierüberzuges, the pickling parameters are tuned with concentration of pickling liquid, temperature of the pickling medium and the wire, electrolysis conditions and pickling time and the like on the wire speed. Particularly advantageous is a current flow through the tube electrode 51 in the phosphating medium 50 via the wire 11 and via the tube electrode 41 in the pickling liquid 40 at a connection of the electrodes to a controllable Gieichsiromttle. 8
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
- Metal Extraction Processes (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT99890263T ATE331825T1 (de) | 1998-08-06 | 1999-08-05 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum aufbringen eines phosphatüberzuges auf werkstücke |
| SI9930917T SI0987350T1 (sl) | 1998-08-06 | 1999-08-05 | Postopek in naprava za nanasanje fosfatne prevleke na obdelovance |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT136398 | 1998-08-06 | ||
| AT0136398A AT405947B (de) | 1998-08-06 | 1998-08-06 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum aufbringen eines phosphatüberzuges auf werkstücke |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0987350A2 EP0987350A2 (de) | 2000-03-22 |
| EP0987350A3 EP0987350A3 (de) | 2004-03-24 |
| EP0987350B1 true EP0987350B1 (de) | 2006-06-28 |
Family
ID=3512272
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP99890263A Expired - Lifetime EP0987350B1 (de) | 1998-08-06 | 1999-08-05 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Aufbringen eines Phosphatüberzuges auf Werkstücke |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0987350B1 (cs) |
| AT (1) | AT405947B (cs) |
| CZ (1) | CZ295733B6 (cs) |
| DE (1) | DE59913624D1 (cs) |
| ES (1) | ES2268846T3 (cs) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102015121349A1 (de) * | 2015-12-08 | 2017-06-08 | Staku Anlagenbau Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur Oberflächenbehandlung eines Endlosmaterials sowie deren Verwendung |
| CN110863229A (zh) * | 2019-12-09 | 2020-03-06 | 嘉兴东恒机械设备有限公司 | 新型金属材料无酸电解磷化工艺 |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102010028385A1 (de) * | 2010-04-29 | 2011-11-03 | Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung mindestens eines oberflächenmodifizierenden Prozesses an metallischen Werkstücken |
| CN102277612A (zh) * | 2011-08-02 | 2011-12-14 | 威海银兴预应力线材有限公司 | 钢绞线拉丝在线磷化、皂化装置 |
| CN102586839B (zh) * | 2012-03-26 | 2014-12-10 | 南通高罕金属设备科技有限公司 | 折叠式开坯在线磷化处理装置 |
| CN103741195B (zh) * | 2013-12-23 | 2016-06-15 | 南通恒新金属工艺科技有限公司 | 钢丝电解磷化处理装置 |
| CN108360042A (zh) * | 2018-04-02 | 2018-08-03 | 江阴海瑞德机电科技有限公司 | 单丝过电轮装置 |
| CN112226755B (zh) * | 2020-09-23 | 2023-06-23 | 山东大业股份有限公司 | 一种金属线材表面处理用磷化方法及装置 |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1080914A (fr) * | 1953-06-16 | 1954-12-14 | United States Steel Corp | Procédé électrochimique de revêtement des surfaces en acier, produits destinés à sa mise en oeuvre et produits en résultant |
| GB1165014A (en) * | 1966-08-22 | 1969-09-24 | Herbert Kenmore | Apparatus for Treating Wire and Rods. |
| JPS5837391B2 (ja) * | 1980-02-21 | 1983-08-16 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | 燐酸塩処理性に優れた冷延鋼板の製造方法 |
| JPS58100902A (ja) * | 1981-12-09 | 1983-06-15 | Hitachi Ltd | 広幅鋼帯の分割処理法 |
| US5087342A (en) * | 1988-04-07 | 1992-02-11 | Seneca Wire And Manufacturing Company | Continuous steel strand electrolytic processing |
| JPH0436498A (ja) * | 1990-06-01 | 1992-02-06 | Nippon Parkerizing Co Ltd | 鉄鋼線材の表面処理方法 |
-
1998
- 1998-08-06 AT AT0136398A patent/AT405947B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1999
- 1999-07-30 CZ CZ19992710A patent/CZ295733B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-08-05 DE DE59913624T patent/DE59913624D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-08-05 ES ES99890263T patent/ES2268846T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-08-05 EP EP99890263A patent/EP0987350B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102015121349A1 (de) * | 2015-12-08 | 2017-06-08 | Staku Anlagenbau Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur Oberflächenbehandlung eines Endlosmaterials sowie deren Verwendung |
| CN110863229A (zh) * | 2019-12-09 | 2020-03-06 | 嘉兴东恒机械设备有限公司 | 新型金属材料无酸电解磷化工艺 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AT405947B (de) | 1999-12-27 |
| CZ295733B6 (cs) | 2005-10-12 |
| EP0987350A3 (de) | 2004-03-24 |
| EP0987350A2 (de) | 2000-03-22 |
| DE59913624D1 (de) | 2006-08-10 |
| ES2268846T3 (es) | 2007-03-16 |
| CZ271099A3 (cs) | 2000-03-15 |
| ATA136398A (de) | 1999-05-15 |
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