EP0973959B1 - Beschichtungsverfahren länglicher, metallischer rohlinge - Google Patents
Beschichtungsverfahren länglicher, metallischer rohlinge Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0973959B1 EP0973959B1 EP98922654A EP98922654A EP0973959B1 EP 0973959 B1 EP0973959 B1 EP 0973959B1 EP 98922654 A EP98922654 A EP 98922654A EP 98922654 A EP98922654 A EP 98922654A EP 0973959 B1 EP0973959 B1 EP 0973959B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- drum
- blanks
- hard material
- particles
- electroplating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
- B25B15/00—Screwdrivers
- B25B15/001—Screwdrivers characterised by material or shape of the tool bit
- B25B15/002—Screwdrivers characterised by material or shape of the tool bit characterised by material used or surface finishing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
- C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
- C23C18/1646—Characteristics of the product obtained
- C23C18/165—Multilayered product
- C23C18/1653—Two or more layers with at least one layer obtained by electroless plating and one layer obtained by electroplating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
- C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
- C23C18/1655—Process features
- C23C18/1662—Use of incorporated material in the solution or dispersion, e.g. particles, whiskers, wires
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/32—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for coating elongated, metallic blanks according to the generic term of claim 1.
- blanks that at least two axially consecutive sections have different cross-sections.
- a chemical plating bath will be on the surface a first, notch valleys or the like Section into a metallic bezel layer embedded hard material particles protruding the layer surface.
- the exposed areas of a second section remain largely free of hard particles.
- the exposed surfaces can be the lateral surfaces of a Be cylinders.
- the cylinder base can be a circular area, be an oval or a hexagonal surface.
- the cross-sectional footprint of the notch valleys Section can be tooth-shaped or star-shaped possess outline contour. The tooth or star flanks of this Section are said to have a hard particle embedding be provided.
- the object of the invention is to provide a generic solution to find to do without partial covers to produce coatings on the workpiece, in particular Diamond coatings over the subareas of the Workpiece are gradually different sizes.
- the appropriately pretreated, degreased, rinsed and pickled blanks are in large numbers in filled the drum, the walls of which form openings. These are smaller than the diameter of the blanks, so that they remain in the drum as intended.
- the filled drum is placed in the electroplating medium sunk and rotates within it.
- the drum carries the inside of the electroplating medium Rotational movements from taking the pretreated Blanks.
- the electroplating medium passes through the openings the drum into it and comes into contact with Surface of the blanks.
- Regarding the electroplating medium is a dispersion kept in motion made of hard material particles and a metallic component. Both the metallic component and the Hard material particles settle on the surface of the Blanks off.
- the drum can have a cross-section have polygonal outline shape, what when rotating the Drum of a good circulation of the absorbed by it Blanks comes towards. It is possible that Fill the drum about halfway with blanks, see above that during a coating process a big one Number of blanks can be coated. Is an advantage it that the rotating drum completely in the Electroplating medium is immersed.
- the electroplating liquid in question has a nickel component, which without electrical voltage itself in the form of metallic Nickels on the surface of the blanks.
- Those kept in suspension in the electroplating liquid Hard metal particles are preferably diamond grains, especially in the order of 10 to 30 ⁇ m.
- the diamond grains are partly from the Area on the work surface protrude and for example an anti-slip layer or represent an abrasion-resistant layer.
- the nickel layer consequently represents the border layer for these diamond grains.
- the added to the drum Blanks are degreased before coating, pickled and in a nucleation bath (nickel strike) treated.
- the device for performing the method is characterized in that the drum one
- the polygonal cross-section has one of the drum end walls outgoing trunnions, one of which is in coupling connection can be brought to the rotary drive of the drum.
- the openings in the drum walls are for Passage of the electroplating medium provided. This is located in the tub, which is equipped with an agitator is to levitate the hard material particles in the To hold electroplating medium.
- the manufactured by the process Workpieces are designed so that the exposed surfaces are coated with hard particles with a surface density that is at least tenfold is less than that in the range in the Grooves. So it is guaranteed that the essential Hard material particle coating only as intended Area takes place, that is, on the flanking the grooves Surfaces. In a sense, the grinding ablation detects but also a portion of the grooves so that the areal density of hard material particles for Groove increases. The effective areas are not thereby disadvantaged, but rather the more distant area. A saving on Hard material particles are achieved in that the areal density on hard material particles on the web end faces is at least ten times smaller than that in the area of the groove base.
- the elongated blanks can be of various types Have designs.
- the device for performing the invention Method has a tub 1 with upward Tub opening.
- the tub end walls 2, 3 bear in the Bearing shells 4 and 5 protruding into the interior of the tub. They serve to accommodate journals 6 and 7, respectively in coaxial alignment from the drum end walls 8, 9 a drum 10 go out. Insertion the drum 10 happens from above, with the bearing pins 6, 7 from the bearing shells 4 and 5, respectively become. An unillustrated backup causes that the journals 6, 7 in the bearing shells 4 and 5 remain.
- the drum 10 in turn is by means of a rotary drive 11 rotatable, including the rotary actuator 11 facing journal 7 in coupling connection can be brought to the rotary drive 11.
- the latter will from a hood 12 attached to the end wall 3 of the tub overlap.
- the cylinder-like drum 10 is thus about its horizontal axis of rotation driven.
- the drum 10 itself has one Polygonal cross section. In the embodiment is one Octagonal shape chosen.
- the drum walls 13 have openings 14 for the passage of an electroplating medium 15, which passes through the openings 14 of the drum 10. Furthermore, the drum 10 is completely in immersed in the electroplating medium 15. Regarding the same is a dispersion kept in motion. For this purpose, a housed within the tub 1, schematically illustrated agitator 16.
- the blanks in question are subjected to a pretreatment. This takes place in the drum 10 removed from the tub 1.
- the blanks are inserted into this until the cover-lockable drum 10 is filled up to about half with blanks.
- the fill level of the drum 10 can vary between one third and two thirds of the drum volume. Lye degreasing, electrolytic degreasing and rinsing of the blanks are then carried out in special baths.
- the blanks are then picked up, rinsed and then treated in a nucleation bath (nickel strike). As a result, the blank receives a nickel strike layer 25 illustrated in FIG. 3.
- the filled drum 10 is then subjected to a cascade rinse with fresh water.
- the drum 10 with the appropriately pretreated blanks is inserted into the trough 1 to produce the coupling connection of the bearing journal 7 with the rotary drive 11.
- the L which completely receives the drum 10 is an electroplating liquid which has a nickel component.
- the hard material particles 17 are kept in suspension by means of the agitator 16.
- the hard particles 17 are diamond grains with a size of 10 to 30 ⁇ m.
- Fig. 1 also shows that the exposed Surfaces of the clamping end (polygonal section 24) are coated with hard particles.
- the one there Areal density is at least ten times less than that in the area of the grooves 19 of the End of work 20. This slight areal density Hard material particles act in the area of the clamping end not adversely affect the insertion of the screwdriver bit in a corresponding recording. In inserted position in the receptacle leads to the minor Hard particle coating even one improved fit of the screwdriver bit in the Admission.
- Fig. 1 illustrates that the areal density on hard material particles 17 on the web end faces 22 'is also less than that in the area of Groove base.
- the areal density is at the web end faces the hard material particles 17 at least ten times smaller than that in the area of the groove base 19 'of End of work 20. This slight areal density Hard material particles 17 improved on the web end faces 22 ' even the seat of the working end 20 in the Slot of a screw to be turned.
- the diamond-coated blanks can then be used for passivation of the surface in a hard, shiny gold bath be gold plated.
- the gold plating is designated by the number 26 in FIG. 3.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
- Chemically Coating (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
Description
- Fig. 1
- in vergrößerter Darstellung eine Ansicht eines Schraubendrehereinsatzes mit kreuzschlitzartigem Arbeitsende,
- Fig. 2
- den Schnitt nach der Linie II-II in Fig. 1,
- Fig. 3
- in extremer Vergrößerung einen ausschnittsweisen Querschnitt des Arbeitsendes im Bereich einer Arbeitsfläche,
- Fig. 4
- in schematischer Darstellung einen Längsschnitt durch die Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens und
- Fig. 5
- einen Querschnitt durch die Vorrichtung.
Nach dem Einbringen der Trommel 10 in die Wanne 1 läuft die Trommel 10 mit zwischengeschalteten Pausen um. Das bedeutet, daß nach einer Drehbewegungsphase der Trommel intervallmäßig eine Pause eingeschaltet wird, in welcher die Nickelkomponente der Galvanikflüssigkeit sich mit den Hartstoffteilchen 17 in Form metallischen Nikkels (Einfassungsschicht 18) auf der Oberfläche der Rohlinge niederschlägt. Wird dann nach der Pause die Rotation der Trommel 10 fortgesetzt, werden durch die Trommelbewegung und der dabei umwälzenden Rohlinge die an den exponierten Flächen derselben anhaftenden Hartstoffteilchen 17 durch gegenseitiges Aneinanderabgleiten wieder abgetragen, von welchem Abtragen die Nuten 19 und damit die dort befindlichen Arbeitsflächen F weitgehend ausgenommen sind. Im Laufe eines Zyklusses nimmt dann die Beschichtungsstärke an den Arbeitsflächen F zu. Aus Fig. 1 ist ersichtlich, daß die Flächendichte an Hartstoffteilchen 17 beim fertigbehandelten Schraubendrehereinsatz 21 zum Nutgrund 19' hin zunimmt. Das hat seine Ursache darin, daß in dem größer werdenden Nutquerschnitt benachbarte Rohlinge während des Umwälzens in der Trommel 10 ein geringfügiges Abschleifen bewirken können. Dieser Abtrag in den Nuten 19 erstreckt sich jedoch in der Zone, welche für den Schraubeinsatz ohne Bedeutung ist. Im Bereich des Arbeitsendes 20 sind die betreffenden, in Flächenanlage zur Schraube tretenden Arbeitsflächen F in unverminderter Schichtstärke vorhanden.
Claims (14)
- Verfahren zum Beschichten länglicher, metallischer Rohlinge, welche Rohlinge mindestens zwei axial hintereinanderliegende Abschnitte unterschiedlichen Querschnitts haben, wobei in einem chemischen Galvanikbad auf der Oberfläche eines ersten, Kerbtäler oder dergleichen aufweisenden Abschnitts in eine metallische Einfassungsschicht über die Schichtoberfläche ragende Hartstoffteilchen eingebettet werden, und wobei die exponierten Flächen eines zweiten Abschnitts weitestgehend hartstoffteilchenfrei bleiben, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Vielzahl von Rohlingen lose in einer rotierenden Trommel derart in einer Dispersion von in der Galvanikflüssigkeit in der Schwebe gehaltenen Hartstoffteilchen umgewälzt werden, daß durch Aneinanderabgleiten der Rohlinge untereinander an den exponierten Flächen anhaftende Hartstoffteilchen wieder abgetragen werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hartstoffteilchen (17) mittels eines Rührwerkes (16) in Schwebe im Galvanikmedium (15) gehalten werden. - Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Trommel (10) zylinderartig ausgebildet ist und um ihre in der Horizontalen liegende Drehachse angetrieben ist.
- Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Trommel (10) etwa bis zur Hälfte mit den Rohlingen gefüllt ist.
- Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Trommel (10) vollständig in dem Galvanikmedium (15) eingetaucht ist.
- Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Galvanikflüssigkeit eine Nickelkomponente besitzt, welche ohne elektrische Spannung sich in Form metallischen Nickels (Einfassungsschicht 18) auf der Oberfläche der Rohlinge niederschlägt
- Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hartstoffteilchen (17) Diamantkörner sind, insbesondere in einer Größenordnung von 10 bis 30 µm.
- Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Bewegung der Trommel (10) mit zwischengeschalteten Pausen erfolgt.
- Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rohlinge vor dem Beschichten entfettet, dekapiert und in einem Keimbildungsbad (Nickelstrike) behandelt werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Trommel (10) einen Mehrkantquerschnitt besitzt mit von den Trommelstirnwänden (2, 3) ausgehenden Lagerzapfen (6, 7), von denen einer (7) in Kupplungsverbindung bringbar ist zum Drehantrieb (11) der Trommel (10).
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 10,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Trommelwände (13) mit Öffnungen (14) zum Durchtritt des Galvanikmediums (15) ausgestattet sind. - Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 10 bis 11 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine die Trommel (10) aufnehmende Wanne (1) mit einem Rührwerk (16) versehen ist.
- Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rohlinge Schraubendrehereinsätze
sind, wobei die exponierten Flächen von den Mehrkantflächen eines Sechskantprofiles und die Kerbtäler von den Freiräumen eines Kreuzprofiles ausgebildet sind. - Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hartstoffdichte an den Flanken der Kerbtäler zu derem Boden hin zunimmt.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19715208 | 1997-04-11 | ||
DE19715208 | 1997-04-11 | ||
PCT/EP1998/002000 WO1998046806A2 (de) | 1997-04-11 | 1998-04-07 | Beschichtungsverfahren länglicher, metallischer rohlinge |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0973959A2 EP0973959A2 (de) | 2000-01-26 |
EP0973959B1 true EP0973959B1 (de) | 2001-10-10 |
Family
ID=7826257
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98922654A Expired - Lifetime EP0973959B1 (de) | 1997-04-11 | 1998-04-07 | Beschichtungsverfahren länglicher, metallischer rohlinge |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6299750B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP0973959B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP4094681B2 (de) |
CN (1) | CN1121512C (de) |
AU (1) | AU7522698A (de) |
DE (1) | DE59801691D1 (de) |
DK (1) | DK0973959T3 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2162444T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1998046806A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ATE329733T1 (de) * | 1999-11-15 | 2006-07-15 | Bobby Hu | Verfahren zur verabeitung eines handwerkzeuges |
JP2002018822A (ja) * | 2000-07-12 | 2002-01-22 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | セラミックハニカム押出成形用口金及びその製造方法 |
EP1317528A2 (de) * | 2000-09-05 | 2003-06-11 | Novozymes A/S | Lipoxygenase |
CN107287645B (zh) * | 2016-05-12 | 2019-03-01 | 郑灵月 | 一种防氧化的料段电镀处理装置 |
CN110144572A (zh) * | 2018-02-12 | 2019-08-20 | 威测国际能源材料有限公司 | 金属件的镀膜方法 |
US11541516B2 (en) | 2019-09-25 | 2023-01-03 | Snap-On Incorporated | Fastener retention and anti-camout tool bit |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3620953A (en) * | 1966-12-01 | 1971-11-16 | Inoue K | Method of and apparatus for the deburring of workpieces |
IT7852357A0 (it) | 1977-12-21 | 1978-12-19 | Bristol Aerojet Ltd | Procedimento ed apparecchio per la elettrodeposizione di rivestimenti compositi |
US4192984A (en) | 1978-07-12 | 1980-03-11 | Thermatool Corporation | Embedment of hard particles in a metal surface |
DE3323240A1 (de) | 1983-06-28 | 1985-01-03 | Hans 8500 Nürnberg Henig | Trommel und verfahren zur chemischen oberflaechenbehandlung schuettfaehiger massenteile in waessrigen behandlungsloesungen |
DE4121839C2 (de) * | 1991-07-02 | 2003-01-09 | Werner Hermann Wera Werke | Werkzeug mit drehmomentübertragenden Arbeitsflächen und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben |
US5702763A (en) | 1993-01-19 | 1997-12-30 | Surface Technology, Inc. | Selective codeposition of particulate matter and composite plated articles thereof |
-
1998
- 1998-04-07 ES ES98922654T patent/ES2162444T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-04-07 EP EP98922654A patent/EP0973959B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-04-07 WO PCT/EP1998/002000 patent/WO1998046806A2/de active IP Right Grant
- 1998-04-07 AU AU75226/98A patent/AU7522698A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-04-07 CN CN98805149A patent/CN1121512C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-04-07 DK DK98922654T patent/DK0973959T3/da active
- 1998-04-07 JP JP54343698A patent/JP4094681B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-04-07 US US09/402,872 patent/US6299750B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-04-07 DE DE59801691T patent/DE59801691D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0973959A2 (de) | 2000-01-26 |
CN1256718A (zh) | 2000-06-14 |
WO1998046806A2 (de) | 1998-10-22 |
JP4094681B2 (ja) | 2008-06-04 |
US6299750B1 (en) | 2001-10-09 |
ES2162444T3 (es) | 2001-12-16 |
AU7522698A (en) | 1998-11-11 |
WO1998046806A3 (de) | 1999-03-11 |
JP2001518981A (ja) | 2001-10-16 |
DE59801691D1 (de) | 2001-11-15 |
CN1121512C (zh) | 2003-09-17 |
DK0973959T3 (da) | 2002-02-11 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19991006 |
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