EP0953126A1 - Support - Google Patents

Support

Info

Publication number
EP0953126A1
EP0953126A1 EP98959877A EP98959877A EP0953126A1 EP 0953126 A1 EP0953126 A1 EP 0953126A1 EP 98959877 A EP98959877 A EP 98959877A EP 98959877 A EP98959877 A EP 98959877A EP 0953126 A1 EP0953126 A1 EP 0953126A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stand
connecting element
arm
tripod
spring arm
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP98959877A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Heinz Rousek
Bernd Schmitt
Rainer Weigl
Matthias Weller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Procter and Gamble Deutschland GmbH
Original Assignee
Wella GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wella GmbH filed Critical Wella GmbH
Priority to DE29825150U priority Critical patent/DE29825150U1/de
Publication of EP0953126A1 publication Critical patent/EP0953126A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16MFRAMES, CASINGS OR BEDS OF ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS, NOT SPECIFIC TO ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; STANDS; SUPPORTS
    • F16M13/00Other supports for positioning apparatus or articles; Means for steadying hand-held apparatus or articles
    • F16M13/02Other supports for positioning apparatus or articles; Means for steadying hand-held apparatus or articles for supporting on, or attaching to, an object, e.g. tree, gate, window-frame, cycle
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16MFRAMES, CASINGS OR BEDS OF ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS, NOT SPECIFIC TO ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; STANDS; SUPPORTS
    • F16M11/00Stands or trestles as supports for apparatus or articles placed thereon ; Stands for scientific apparatus such as gravitational force meters
    • F16M11/02Heads
    • F16M11/04Means for attachment of apparatus; Means allowing adjustment of the apparatus relatively to the stand
    • F16M11/06Means for attachment of apparatus; Means allowing adjustment of the apparatus relatively to the stand allowing pivoting
    • F16M11/10Means for attachment of apparatus; Means allowing adjustment of the apparatus relatively to the stand allowing pivoting around a horizontal axis
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16MFRAMES, CASINGS OR BEDS OF ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS, NOT SPECIFIC TO ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; STANDS; SUPPORTS
    • F16M11/00Stands or trestles as supports for apparatus or articles placed thereon ; Stands for scientific apparatus such as gravitational force meters
    • F16M11/20Undercarriages with or without wheels
    • F16M11/2007Undercarriages with or without wheels comprising means allowing pivoting adjustment
    • F16M11/2014Undercarriages with or without wheels comprising means allowing pivoting adjustment around a vertical axis
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16MFRAMES, CASINGS OR BEDS OF ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS, NOT SPECIFIC TO ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; STANDS; SUPPORTS
    • F16M11/00Stands or trestles as supports for apparatus or articles placed thereon ; Stands for scientific apparatus such as gravitational force meters
    • F16M11/42Stands or trestles as supports for apparatus or articles placed thereon ; Stands for scientific apparatus such as gravitational force meters with arrangement for propelling the support stands on wheels
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16MFRAMES, CASINGS OR BEDS OF ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS, NOT SPECIFIC TO ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; STANDS; SUPPORTS
    • F16M13/00Other supports for positioning apparatus or articles; Means for steadying hand-held apparatus or articles
    • F16M13/02Other supports for positioning apparatus or articles; Means for steadying hand-held apparatus or articles for supporting on, or attaching to, an object, e.g. tree, gate, window-frame, cycle
    • F16M13/027Ceiling supports
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21LLIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF, BEING PORTABLE OR SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR TRANSPORTATION
    • F21L14/00Electric lighting devices without a self-contained power source, e.g. for mains connection
    • F21L14/04Electric lighting devices without a self-contained power source, e.g. for mains connection carried on wheeled supports
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21SNON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S6/00Lighting devices intended to be free-standing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21VFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V21/00Supporting, suspending, or attaching arrangements for lighting devices; Hand grips
    • F21V21/14Adjustable mountings
    • F21V21/26Pivoted arms
    • F21V21/28Pivoted arms adjustable in more than one plane
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16MFRAMES, CASINGS OR BEDS OF ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS, NOT SPECIFIC TO ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; STANDS; SUPPORTS
    • F16M2200/00Details of stands or supports
    • F16M2200/04Balancing means
    • F16M2200/044Balancing means for balancing rotational movement of the undercarriage
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16MFRAMES, CASINGS OR BEDS OF ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS, NOT SPECIFIC TO ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; STANDS; SUPPORTS
    • F16M2200/00Details of stands or supports
    • F16M2200/06Arms
    • F16M2200/065Arms with a special structure, e.g. reinforced or adapted for space reduction
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21SNON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S8/00Lighting devices intended for fixed installation
    • F21S8/03Lighting devices intended for fixed installation of surface-mounted type
    • F21S8/033Lighting devices intended for fixed installation of surface-mounted type the surface being a wall or like vertical structure, e.g. building facade
    • F21S8/036Lighting devices intended for fixed installation of surface-mounted type the surface being a wall or like vertical structure, e.g. building facade by means of a rigid support, e.g. bracket or arm
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21SNON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S8/00Lighting devices intended for fixed installation
    • F21S8/04Lighting devices intended for fixed installation intended only for mounting on a ceiling or the like overhead structures
    • F21S8/043Lighting devices intended for fixed installation intended only for mounting on a ceiling or the like overhead structures mounted by means of a rigid support, e.g. bracket or arm

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tripod according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a tripod of the same type, in which the spring arm can be used uniformly for a wide variety of tripod types (ceiling, wall, table and floor tripods).
  • Figure 1 is a ceiling stand without spring arm
  • Figure 2 shows a wall tripod without spring arm
  • Figure 3 shows a table tripod without spring arm
  • Figure 4 is a floor stand without a spring arm
  • Figure 5 shows a spring arm
  • Figure 6 shows a first embodiment as a ceiling stand
  • Figure 7 shows a second embodiment as a wall tripod
  • Figure 8 shows a third embodiment as a table tripod
  • Figure 9 shows a fourth embodiment as a floor stand
  • Figure 10 is a detailed view of a hanging connection.
  • a ceiling stand 1.1 is shown in a side view, which is provided with an extension arm 8 which is rotatable about an axis 2.1.
  • the cantilever arm 8 has a socket-like connecting element 6 for receiving a spring arm 3 (FIG. 5).
  • FIG. 2 shows a wall stand 1.2 which is provided with an extension arm 8 which can be rotated about an axis 2.1.
  • the cantilever arm 8 has a socket-like connecting element 6 for receiving a spring arm 3 (FIG. 5).
  • FIG. 3 shows a table stand 1.3 which is provided with an extension arm 8 which can be rotated about an axis 2.1.
  • the cantilever arm 8 has a socket-like connecting element 6 for receiving a spring arm 3 (FIG. 5).
  • the table stand 1.3 is provided with a stand tube 9 which has a curvature 10 in the upper region, the end of the curvature 10 being connected to the extension arm 8 via a swivel joint 18.
  • a mobile floor stand 1.4 is shown in FIG.
  • a socket-like connecting element 6 is provided for receiving a spring arm 3 (FIG. 5).
  • the floor stand 1.4 is provided with a stand tube 9 which has a curvature 10 in the upper region, the end the curvature 10 is connected to the socket-like connecting element 6 via a swivel joint 18.
  • FIG. 5 shows the spring arm 3 as a structural unit, which is provided with a pin-like connecting element 6 arranged upwards.
  • the spring arm 3 has a joint 19 for height adjustment and a receptacle 20 for receiving a load 4.
  • FIG. 6 A first exemplary embodiment as a ceiling stand 1.1 is shown in FIG. 6, with the spring arm 3 with the extension arm 8 by means of the hanging connection 7 - consisting of the socket-like connecting element 6 and the peg-like one - compared to FIG. 6,
  • Connecting element 5 - is connected. Further details can be found in FIG. 10.
  • the free end of the spring arm 3 is connected to a load 4 via a receptacle 20 by means of a load connection 21, wherein the load connection 21 can be designed such that the load 4 can be rotated into different positions.
  • a device or a lamp 16 FIG. 9) can be provided as the load 4.
  • FIG. 7 A second exemplary embodiment as a wall stand 1.2 is shown in FIG. 7, the spring arm 3 being connected to the extension arm 8 by means of the hanging connection 7 and bearing a load 4, 16 compared to FIG.
  • a third exemplary embodiment as a table stand 1.3 is shown in FIG. 8, the spring arm 3 being connected to the extension arm 8 by means of the hanging connection 7 and bearing a load 4, 16 compared to FIG.
  • the table stand 1.3 has such a foot 22 that this prevents the table tripod 1.3 from tipping over even in an extreme position. This is achieved in that either the foot 22 is fixedly connected to a table 23 or is appropriately large.
  • the table stand 1.3 is preferably suitable for holding a lamp 16, since a lamp 16 is generally light in weight. Cost-effective production is possible by means of uniform swivel joints 18, in particular if the extension arm 8 is also designed in a uniform manner.
  • a fourth exemplary embodiment as a floor stand 1.4 is shown in FIG. 9, with the spring arm 3 being connected to the stand tube 9 by means of the hanging connection 7 and carrying a load 4, for example one or more lights 16 or other irradiation devices (for example for therapy). Since the floor stand 1.4 has a mobile stand 14 by means of wheels 15 and can thus be positioned overall, a cantilever arm 8 has been omitted here.
  • the stand tube 9 is provided with a handle 11 for positioning the floor stand 1.4.
  • the handle 11 with the low-voltage transformer housing 17 forms an inexpensive structural unit, the corresponding transformer supplying the lamp 16 with energy via a cable inside the stand tube 9, the hanging connection 7, the joint 19, the spring arm 3 and the load connection 21.
  • a ring 24 is provided for the targeted positioning of the lamp 16 via a joint 25 indicated by dashed lines.
  • FIG. 10 shows an enlarged detailed view of the hanging connection 7 of the spring arm 3, wherein the socket-like connecting element 6 is connected - preferably welded - to the extension arm 8 or the stand tube 9.
  • the pin-like connecting element 5 is connected to the joint 19 of the spring arm 3 (for example as an injection-molded metal part).
  • the hanging connection 7 is held together by a securing ring 26 on the peg-like, hollow connecting element 5 (shown uncut).
  • a corresponding stop 27 is provided for an optional rotation stop limitation.
  • the spring arm 3 is designed as a tube 28 in which a spring 13 is integrated.
  • the joint 19 is provided with a spring force setting device 12.
  • a spindle 29 with a compression spring 30 is hollow.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un support (1) comprenant un bras à ressort (3) réglable en hauteur et pouvant pivoter autour d'un axe vertical (2), destiné à soutenir et à positionner une charge (4). Le bras à ressort (3) est relié au support (1) conjointement avec un élément d'assemblage (5) de type tourillon, au moyen d'un élément d'assemblage (6) de type manchon. L'élément d'assemblage (5) de type tourillon du bras à ressort (3) est disposé dirigé vers le haut, en vue d'un assemblage (7) suspendu et peut éventuellement être relié à un support plafonnier (1,1) muni d'un bras télescopique (8) ou à un support mural (1,2) muni d'un bras télescopique (8) ou à un pied de table (1,3) muni d'un bras télescopique (8) ou à un support tout au sol (1,4) mobile, à l'aide d'un élément d'assemblage (6) unitaire de type manchon, dirigé vers le bas.
EP98959877A 1997-11-19 1998-11-19 Support Ceased EP0953126A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE29825150U DE29825150U1 (de) 1997-11-19 1998-11-19 Stativ

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19751315 1997-11-19
DE19751315 1997-11-19
PCT/EP1998/007422 WO1999026015A1 (fr) 1997-11-19 1998-11-19 Support

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0953126A1 true EP0953126A1 (fr) 1999-11-03

Family

ID=7849229

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98959877A Ceased EP0953126A1 (fr) 1997-11-19 1998-11-19 Support

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US6398172B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP0953126A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE19853495A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999026015A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008015210A1 (de) * 2008-03-20 2009-09-24 Maquet Gmbh & Co. Kg Stativ zur Halterung und Positionierung einer Nutzlast im Raum
CA2712212C (fr) * 2009-08-05 2016-11-29 Marcin Gawelek Support de montage articule
US9074721B2 (en) 2010-06-09 2015-07-07 Alex Lau Support system
US9316346B2 (en) 2010-06-09 2016-04-19 Colebrook Bosson Saunders (Products) Limited Support system
USD684982S1 (en) 2010-08-11 2013-06-25 Colebrook Bosson Saunders (Products) Limited Display support with indicator window
US8584994B2 (en) * 2011-10-21 2013-11-19 Endure Medical, Inc. Floor stand with angled arm for microscope
US20140003069A1 (en) * 2012-06-29 2014-01-02 Sonneman-A Way Of Light Articulated lamp assembly with imbeded compression springs
USD732045S1 (en) 2013-01-22 2015-06-16 Wild West Investments, LLC Stand for supporting an electronic device
GB2576758B (en) 2018-08-31 2021-09-22 Dyson Technology Ltd A lighting device
GB2576759B (en) * 2018-08-31 2021-09-22 Dyson Technology Ltd A lighting device
USD888317S1 (en) * 2018-09-21 2020-06-23 The Urban Electric Company Lighting fixture
GB2585009B (en) 2019-06-24 2021-10-13 Dyson Technology Ltd A lighting device
USD1042966S1 (en) * 2024-01-19 2024-09-17 Xiaoyan Li Beauty lamp

Family Cites Families (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1261755A (en) * 1917-07-03 1918-04-09 Erwin T Beyle Embalming-stand.
CH145552A (de) * 1929-12-30 1931-02-28 Scheidegger Martha Elektrische Gelenklampe.
DE1198302B (de) * 1963-03-29 1965-08-12 Elektromechanik Fab F Schwenkarm mit einstellbarem Belastungsausgleich
US4160536A (en) * 1976-10-27 1979-07-10 Jac. Jacobsen A/S Counterbalanced arm
US4107769A (en) * 1977-03-21 1978-08-15 American Sterilizer Company Balanced single horizontal suspension arm
US4166602A (en) * 1978-05-18 1979-09-04 Pennwalt Corporation Counterbalancing mechanism for X-ray tubeheads
US4645156A (en) * 1981-11-09 1987-02-24 Karapita Alexander D Suspension system
US4692849A (en) * 1985-08-16 1987-09-08 Vantine Allan D Le Heat free examination light with fully rotatable head and arm
US4770384A (en) * 1986-07-28 1988-09-13 Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. Movable stand
US4863133A (en) * 1987-05-26 1989-09-05 Leonard Medical Arm device for adjustable positioning of a medical instrument or the like
FR2626052B1 (fr) * 1988-01-18 1993-06-04 Velecta Ventilation Elect Appl Dispositif equilibreur d'une charge deplacable, eventuellement variable, comprenant un systeme de friction pour immobiliser ladite charge
US5037053A (en) * 1990-08-23 1991-08-06 Midmark Corporation Support arm for optical accessories
US5458305A (en) * 1993-05-17 1995-10-17 Woodward; John Portable intravenous support stand
US5772162A (en) * 1996-10-16 1998-06-30 Lin; Chin-Liang Drop-bottle stand
DE59810714D1 (de) * 1997-11-19 2004-03-11 Wella Ag Stativ mit einer in einem armrohr angeordneten druckfeder

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9926015A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1999026015A1 (fr) 1999-05-27
DE19853495A1 (de) 1999-05-20
US6398172B1 (en) 2002-06-04

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0953126A1 (fr) Support
EP0691118B1 (fr) Colonne de support pour tenir une surface de support pour patients
EP0257299B1 (fr) Support de plafond
WO1999025302A1 (fr) Equipement pour salles d'operation
DE102016125949A1 (de) Arbeitsplatz mit absenkbaren Arbeitsflächen zur Aufnahme von Montage- und Transportbehältern
EP1101139B1 (fr) Statif pour microscope pour operations pour deplacement x-y
DE3110903A1 (de) Vorrichtung zum anschliessen von versorgungsleitungen fuer krankenhaeuser, insbesondere operationssaele und intensivstationen
AT392881B (de) Aufnahmevorrichtung fuer telefonapparate od.dgl.
DE3543010A1 (de) Selbstfahrende hebebuehne
DE2200963C2 (de) Auditorium
EP0879570A2 (fr) Dispositif d'assise avec au moins un support pour une rangée d'assises, notamment bancs
DE3125904A1 (de) "drehbare arbeitsebene als behindertenarbeitsplatz"
DE29825150U1 (de) Stativ
CH315275A (de) Zwischen dem Sitz und dem diesen tragenden Ständer eines Drehstuhls angeordnete Sperrvorrichtung zum zeitweiligen Sperren des Sitzes gegen Verdrehung
DE3642945A1 (de) Stativ
DE19531119A1 (de) Höhenverstellbare und verschwenkbare Ablagefläche
DE3510141A1 (de) Aufnahmevorrichtung fuer film- und videokameras
DE4432716A1 (de) Aufsatz für einen Toilettensitz
DE576030C (de) Befestigung von Installationsapparaten in Wanddosen mit Hilfe von Spreizarmen
DE3227689A1 (de) Rolluntersatz fuer sonnenschirmstaender
DE29718936U1 (de) Pollerleuchte für den Außenbereich
DE1922337B2 (de) Beleuchtung fuer eine zahnaerztliche behandlungseinrichtung
EP0735312A1 (fr) Projecteur pour système d'éclairage indirect d'intérieur
DE102022125087A1 (de) Energiezuführungsvorrichtung und Linearsystem mit einer Energiezuführungsvorrichtung
DE9409686U1 (de) Drehbarer Stuhl zum Einsteigen in eine Badewanne im Sitzen

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19990610

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): DE FR GB IT

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20030701

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN REFUSED

18R Application refused

Effective date: 20050316