EP0952647A1 - Zündkerze für eine Brennkraftmaschine bzw. Sensorelement für Entflammungs- und Verbrennungsvorgang - Google Patents

Zündkerze für eine Brennkraftmaschine bzw. Sensorelement für Entflammungs- und Verbrennungsvorgang Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0952647A1
EP0952647A1 EP99105700A EP99105700A EP0952647A1 EP 0952647 A1 EP0952647 A1 EP 0952647A1 EP 99105700 A EP99105700 A EP 99105700A EP 99105700 A EP99105700 A EP 99105700A EP 0952647 A1 EP0952647 A1 EP 0952647A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
spark plug
areas
sensor element
electrodes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP99105700A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Rüdiger Dr. Herweg
Rudolf Dr. Maly
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mercedes Benz Group AG
Original Assignee
DaimlerChrysler AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by DaimlerChrysler AG filed Critical DaimlerChrysler AG
Publication of EP0952647A1 publication Critical patent/EP0952647A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
    • H01T13/39—Selection of materials for electrodes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a spark plug for an internal combustion engine or a sensor element for an ignition and combustion process according to the preambles of claims 1, 2 and 7.
  • spark plugs which are used, for example, in transistor coil ignition systems, is generally known.
  • a high voltage of the order of 30 kV is generated on the electrodes of a spark plug, which leads to a sparkover between the electrodes of the spark plug.
  • This flashover ignites the mixture in the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, so that the combustion process begins.
  • the sparkover with the arc connected to it leads to material removal (erosion) of the electrodes. This gradually increases the electrode spacing, so that due to the increasing spacing, the voltage required to cause the sparkover occurs.
  • spark plugs of this type as ion current sensors for measuring or checking the ignition and the combustion process (EP 0 699 870 A1).
  • the electrodes of a spark plug design the electrodes of a spark plug from a plurality of materials.
  • a further material is applied to a carrier material and forms a first region of the electrode.
  • the carrier material forms a second area of the electrode.
  • the distance between the first two areas of the electrodes is less than the distance between the second areas.
  • the first area consists of a noble metal such as platinum or a noble metal alloy such as platinum-iridium.
  • the second area consists of a nickel alloy known per se and used for electrodes of spark plugs. The sparkover should be generated in the first area of the electrodes, while the sparkover should be transferred to the second area during the arc phase.
  • the task is to propose an improved spark plug or an improved sensor element.
  • This small radius of curvature can be a tip, for example, which corresponds to an idealized radius of curvature of 0. It is essential that the shape of the surface reinforces the electric field, which can be described essentially inversely proportional to the radius of curvature, so that the sparkover is promoted. This is the case, for example, with a tip or with a correspondingly curved surface. In this context, it is only known from the prior art to design the surfaces to be flat, i.e. with an infinite radius of curvature.
  • the geometric shape of the first area also remains almost unchanged, so that the small radius of curvature or the tip is retained even after a longer operating time without being removed forming electrical fields depending on the radius of curvature of the electrodes that the voltage required for a flashover can be reduced.
  • This enables a simplification of the construction of spark plugs because the insulation materials such as the ceramic candle stone or the plastic insulation are at the limits of their capacity at the voltages previously required for a sparkover (magnitude 30 kV).
  • An increase in the wall thickness of the insulation materials to improve the insulation is not readily possible, because it can lead to uncontrolled sliding and volume discharges, which destroy the materials.
  • the surface of the electrode is continuous, at least at the transition between the two areas.
  • the geometrical design of the two areas prevents the electrode from falling apart at the junction of the two areas, even with mechanical and thermal alternating loads.
  • the type of connection of the two areas such as welding, soldering, shrinking, prevents the electrode from falling apart at the junction of the two areas, even with mechanical and thermal alternating loads.
  • Claim 7 relates both to an improvement of the spark plugs described in the previous claims and to a feature by which improvements can be achieved in the spark plugs known from the prior art.
  • at least one of the electrodes has a material projection at a point which is opposite a point on the other electrode at which deposits can occur on the other electrode during operation.
  • This configuration advantageously creates an auxiliary spark gap, via which the deposits are removed by occasional sliding discharges. This makes the spark plug insensitive to soot.
  • spark plug also acts as a sensor element can be used and that the component described as a spark plug can also be used only as a sensor element without the combustion process being ignited by the component.
  • FIG. 2 shows a curve of the voltage over time in a conventional transistor coil ignition system.
  • the spark phase 201 is the increase with a duration of typically 60 microseconds.
  • the spark phase 202 is the breakdown phase with a duration of typically 2 ns, an energy of approximately 0.5 mJ and a spark erosion of approximately 12 * 10 -12 g / mJ.
  • the spark phase 203 is the arc phase with a duration of approximately 1 ms, an energy of approximately 1 mJ and a spark erosion of approximately 210 * 10 -12 g / mJ.
  • the spark phase 4 is the glow phase with a duration of approximately 2 ms, an energy of approximately 60 mJ and a spark erosion of approximately 3.5 * 10 -12 g / mJ.
  • the glow phase is essentially effective in terms of ignition, the reliability of ignition increasing with the amount of the peak current and the discharge duration.
  • the maximum ignition energy is always offered, which is far higher than is necessary for most operating points, since predictive energy control is not possible with the transistor coil ignition system.
  • Reliable technology with mostly hook-shaped earth bars has been established for the spark plugs in terms of ceramics and design. Copper-core-cooled chrome-nickel alloys, in special cases silver or platinum, are used as materials for the full electrodes.
  • spark plug Because of the usual separation of coil and candle, long ignition cables are sometimes used, which essentially determine the arc proportions, especially in the case of secondary ignitions.
  • the service life of a spark plug is generally limited by an impermissibly high increase in the voltage at the electrodes required for a sparkover (ignition voltage requirement) as a result of the electrode erosion and the resulting increase in the electrode spacing. If the candle is dimensioned correctly thermally, spark erosion dominates in the arc phase.
  • erosion can even lead to an increase in the effective electrode spacing and thus to a more stable idling behavior.
  • This erosion does not result in an increase in the ignition voltage requirement, because this current flow only takes effect in the second area when a sparkover has already occurred in the first area and the arc has been transferred to the second area.
  • Figure 1 shows a current control by using a two-substance electrode.
  • Anchor points formed as first areas 101 can be seen. These anchor points are made of a material with a high work function for electrons and / or a high evaporation temperature and / or a high specific resistance and / or a low electron yield under plasma conditions.
  • Such materials can be, for example, noble metals such as platinum, alloys of noble metals or the like.
  • the platinum can also be replaced by other metals from the platinum group, such as Rh, Pd, Ir.
  • ion implantation of the corresponding materials can also take place.
  • These anchor points forming the first region 101 sit on both electrodes 102, 103 on materials with inverse properties (for example Cr-Ni connections). Insofar as these materials form the surface of the electrodes 102, 103, these materials form the second region 104.
  • the material of this second region 104 is allowed to erode / erode subject to. It can be seen that the transition from the first region 101 to the second region 104 is continuous, which favors the control of the spark current.
  • the anchor points forming the first region 101 determine the ignition voltage and the ignition location.
  • the material selection mentioned forces the first sparkover to take place via the anchor points forming the first area, but the discharge immediately passes to the second areas 104 of the carrier electrodes 102, 103 which are designed as sacrificial areas.
  • the spark current is directed to the sacrificial areas after the flashover, so that the ignition voltage requirement of the spark plug remains almost constant over its life.
  • the erosion in the first region 101 formed by the anchor points is minimal, so that the electrode spacing 105 which determines the ignition voltage requirement remains almost constant.
  • the erosion is shifted to the predefined second area 104 of the carrier electrodes 102, 103.
  • the effective spark length after the sparkover increases with time (increasing burn-up) and thereby even favors the ignition system's ability to ignite.
  • the second region 104 burns to the extent that material is removed, by means of which the concave surface is formed.
  • the anchor points forming the first region 101 have a small radius of curvature where the electrode spacing 105 is the smallest. This further reduces the ignition voltage requirement.
  • a material projection 106 can be seen on the electrode 102, which lies opposite a point on the other electrode 103 at which deposits can occur on the other electrode 103 during operation. This creates an auxiliary spark gap, via which the deposits are removed by occasional sliding discharges. This measure of the auxiliary spark gap can also be used in other spark plugs, regardless of the previously described design of the spark plug.
  • FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of the electrodes of a spark plug, in which the regions 101 formed by the anchor points can be small pieces or small plates 302 made of the corresponding materials or also small balls 301.
  • FIG. 4 shows that the first region 101 can also be formed by pins 401, 402, the pins 401 at the tip 403 being made of a different material than the body 404 of the pins.
  • the deflection of the spark current to the second region 104 can be favored by the choice of the corresponding materials with regard to their resistance ratio.
  • the first region 101 is formed by a coating with the corresponding material.
  • FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of the first area 101, in which it has a foot 501. With this foot, the material of the first area is still held in the carrier electrode 102, 103 even if the second area 104 has already burned off. This is of considerable importance, since parts of the spark plug can destroy the internal combustion engine.
  • the first region can consist of a poorly conducting semiconductor.
  • the small ignition current does not result in a significant voltage drop in the semiconductor or the semiconducting layer, the resistance value of which can be, for example, between 10 and 1,000 ⁇ .
  • the resistance value can be, for example, between 10 and 1,000 ⁇ .
  • Very large spark gaps can also be forced through the selection of the resistors, the shape and the local positioning. Combinations with layers can also be used if necessary. The large spark gaps improve the flammability of the mixture.
  • resistors in the first region It is also possible to achieve current control via the resistors in the first region.
  • a combination of metals and semiconductors can optimize the required conductivity and the erosion resistance.

Landscapes

  • Spark Plugs (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
EP99105700A 1998-04-20 1999-03-20 Zündkerze für eine Brennkraftmaschine bzw. Sensorelement für Entflammungs- und Verbrennungsvorgang Withdrawn EP0952647A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19817391A DE19817391A1 (de) 1998-04-20 1998-04-20 Zündkerze für eine Brennkraftmaschine bzw. Sensorelement für Entflammungs- und Verbrennungsvorgang
DE19817391 1998-04-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0952647A1 true EP0952647A1 (de) 1999-10-27

Family

ID=7865062

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99105700A Withdrawn EP0952647A1 (de) 1998-04-20 1999-03-20 Zündkerze für eine Brennkraftmaschine bzw. Sensorelement für Entflammungs- und Verbrennungsvorgang

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US6232704B1 (pt)
EP (1) EP0952647A1 (pt)
JP (1) JP2000030835A (pt)
BR (1) BR9902366A (pt)
DE (1) DE19817391A1 (pt)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001063711A1 (de) * 2000-02-25 2001-08-30 Robert Bosch Gmbh Zündkerze

Families Citing this family (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4248704B2 (ja) * 1999-09-22 2009-04-02 株式会社デンソー 内燃機関用スパークプラグ
DE10000463A1 (de) 2000-01-07 2001-07-26 Zeuna Staerker Kg Fluidisches Schaltelement als Stoffstrom-Stellglied
DE10000464B4 (de) 2000-01-07 2004-02-05 Zeuna-Stärker GmbH & Co KG Fluidisches Schaltelement
JP2001284012A (ja) * 2000-03-28 2001-10-12 Denso Corp 内燃機関用スパークプラグ及びその製造方法
JP4322458B2 (ja) * 2001-02-13 2009-09-02 株式会社日本自動車部品総合研究所 点火装置
JP2002280145A (ja) * 2001-03-19 2002-09-27 Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd スパークプラグ及びその製造方法
DE10149630C1 (de) * 2001-10-09 2003-10-09 Beru Ag Zündkerze und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
DE10342912A1 (de) * 2003-09-17 2005-04-21 Bosch Gmbh Robert Zündkerze
DE10344185B4 (de) * 2003-09-24 2005-12-29 Robert Bosch Gmbh Zündkerze
US7256533B2 (en) * 2004-07-27 2007-08-14 Landon Jr William W High electrical stiction spark plug
CN101218721B (zh) * 2004-08-03 2012-05-30 费德罗-莫格尔公司 具有回流点火端的点火装置及其制造方法
WO2007149839A2 (en) 2006-06-19 2007-12-27 Federal-Mogul Corporation Small diameter/long reach spark plug with rimmed hemispherical sparking tip
US7851984B2 (en) * 2006-08-08 2010-12-14 Federal-Mogul World Wide, Inc. Ignition device having a reflowed firing tip and method of construction
FR2919343B1 (fr) * 2007-07-25 2013-08-16 Renault Sas Moteur a combustion et procede de commande d'un moteur a combustion.
JP5987294B2 (ja) * 2011-11-04 2016-09-07 株式会社デンソー 内燃機関の点火装置
DE102013210447B4 (de) * 2013-06-05 2017-10-19 Robert Bosch Gmbh Zündkerzenelektrode mit Nickel-Rhodium-Beschichtung, sowie Verfahren zur Herstellunq und Zündkerze mit einer solchen Zündkerzenelektrode
JP5978348B1 (ja) * 2015-05-28 2016-08-24 日本特殊陶業株式会社 スパークプラグ

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2159791A (en) * 1937-04-20 1939-05-23 Mallory & Co Inc P R Spark plug
DE3132814A1 (de) * 1980-08-21 1982-04-15 Nippondenso Co., Ltd., Kariya, Aichi "zuendkerze fuer brennkraftmaschinen"
US4514657A (en) * 1980-04-28 1985-04-30 Nippon Soken, Inc. Spark plug having dual gaps for internal combustion engines
JPH01109675A (ja) * 1987-10-22 1989-04-26 Nippon Denso Co Ltd 内燃機関用スパークプラグ
DE4128392A1 (de) * 1991-08-27 1993-03-04 Beru Werk Ruprecht Gmbh Co A Zuendkerze
EP0699870A1 (en) * 1994-08-31 1996-03-06 General Motors Corporation Combustion detection circuit for a catalytic converter preheater

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE8418011U1 (de) * 1984-06-14 1984-10-04 Diamantidis, Georg, 7014 Kornwestheim Zuendkerze mit spitzenfoermiger elektrode
DE3872027T2 (de) * 1987-04-16 1993-01-21 Nippon Denso Co Zuendkerze fuer verbrennungsmotor.
JPH08222351A (ja) * 1995-02-14 1996-08-30 Nippondenso Co Ltd 内燃機関用スパークプラグ及びその製造方法

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2159791A (en) * 1937-04-20 1939-05-23 Mallory & Co Inc P R Spark plug
US4514657A (en) * 1980-04-28 1985-04-30 Nippon Soken, Inc. Spark plug having dual gaps for internal combustion engines
DE3132814A1 (de) * 1980-08-21 1982-04-15 Nippondenso Co., Ltd., Kariya, Aichi "zuendkerze fuer brennkraftmaschinen"
JPH01109675A (ja) * 1987-10-22 1989-04-26 Nippon Denso Co Ltd 内燃機関用スパークプラグ
DE4128392A1 (de) * 1991-08-27 1993-03-04 Beru Werk Ruprecht Gmbh Co A Zuendkerze
EP0699870A1 (en) * 1994-08-31 1996-03-06 General Motors Corporation Combustion detection circuit for a catalytic converter preheater

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 013, no. 350 (E - 800) 7 August 1989 (1989-08-07) *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001063711A1 (de) * 2000-02-25 2001-08-30 Robert Bosch Gmbh Zündkerze

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR9902366A (pt) 2000-01-18
DE19817391A1 (de) 1999-10-21
JP2000030835A (ja) 2000-01-28
US6232704B1 (en) 2001-05-15

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