EP0946789B1 - Verfahren zum durchführen von chemischen reaktionen in einer elektrochemischen zelle - Google Patents
Verfahren zum durchführen von chemischen reaktionen in einer elektrochemischen zelle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0946789B1 EP0946789B1 EP97951949A EP97951949A EP0946789B1 EP 0946789 B1 EP0946789 B1 EP 0946789B1 EP 97951949 A EP97951949 A EP 97951949A EP 97951949 A EP97951949 A EP 97951949A EP 0946789 B1 EP0946789 B1 EP 0946789B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- electrodes
- liquid
- sump
- cathode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/50—Processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
- C25B15/087—Recycling of electrolyte to electrochemical cell
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for converting a gas or gas mixture in the presence of an ion-conducting Liquid in an electrochemical cell with at least two electrodes, namely at least one anode and at least one a cathode, with a between the cathode and the anode external DC voltage acts and through the ion-conducting liquid flows a direct current.
- German Patent 195 04 920 A method of this kind is described in German Patent 195 04 920 described.
- the electrochemical cell contains one aqueous ammonium sulfide solution, which the Electrode surfaces almost completely covered. Outdoors Gas containing oxygen comes through a Gas diffusion cathode in contact with the solution, whereby Forms ammonium polysulfide as a product.
- the fluid level in the cell is not arbitrarily high can be chosen because otherwise annoying leaks occur.
- the current-voltage characteristic of the cell is unfavorable influenced.
- the invention has for its object the electrochemical Reaction of gases with liquids even in the presence of Catalysts in a cost-effective manner with high sales to be able to perform reliably even at high pressure.
- This is achieved according to the invention in the method mentioned at the beginning in that a swamp forms in the lower area of the cell the ion-conducting liquid, in which the Immerse electrodes that are at least 20% of the total Surface of at least one of the electrodes outside the Sump in an upper one through which the gas or gas mixture flows Area and that the upper area with the ion-conducting liquid is sprinkled or sprayed, whereby the electrode surface is at least partially wetted, while the gas or gas mixture on the electrode surfaces flows along. In this way, different gases and liquids are reacted. Usually the gas or gas mixture is oxidized or reduced.
- Electrodes are perpendicular in the Bottom of the ion-conducting liquid, being through this bottom the current flow between the electrodes is secured. Usually 20 - 95% of the total surface will cover at least one of the electrodes are above the sump. One of the It is also possible that either the anode or the Cathode completely covered by the liquid of the sump is.
- the electrodes can not only plate or be cylindrical, you can also use an electrode as an electroconductive bed or ordered packing by itself contacting, current-conducting elements. Such Filling or packing can also have a coating Have catalyst.
- a DC voltage is applied, which is chosen in a wide range can be.
- the voltage between adjacent anodes and Cathodes can be between 0.01 and 100 V, usually these voltages are in the range of 0.1 to 10 V.
- the gas can first be introduced into the liquid sump in the lower region of the cell and flow upwards, or the gas can be conducted without leading through the sump to the upper region of the cell to the sprayed or sprinkled electrodes.
- the gas can be used to introduce a component for the reaction to be carried out in the cell, for example oxygen or hydrogen.
- a component for the reaction to be carried out in the cell for example oxygen or hydrogen.
- air, O 2 , H 2 S, NH 3 , SO 2 , SO 3 or a synthesis gas mixture (CO + H 2 ) or also mixtures of these gases can be passed into the cell as the gas.
- the ion-conducting liquid in the cell which also serves as an electrolyte, it will usually be about an organic or inorganic solution or around a melt act.
- the electrodes can be made of different materials consist of, for example, metal alloys,
- Electrode material itself does not have a catalytic effect Catalyst, for example, as a coating on an electric conductive carrier can be applied. That way you can both cathodes and anodes for different reactions be specially trained. It is also possible that Consume electrodes during the conversion and as so-called sacrificial electrodes act. If you are with carbon-rich electrodes works, it may be appropriate be to hydrophobize the surface of what is known in Way by partially covering the surface with Polytetrafluoroethylene succeeds.
- the desired product of implementation in the cell can be found in the liquid withdrawn from the cell or in the withdrawn liquid Exhaust gas or both in the exhaust gas and in the Liquid.
- the separation and concentration of the Product then takes place in a manner known per se.
- the regulation of the desired implementation or implementations takes place e.g. B. by varying the gas and / or liquid supply as well as the current flow in the cell and from outside applied electrical voltage. You can also do that Measure the redox potential in the electrolyte sump and as Use control variable.
- the electrochemical cell is in a liquid and gas tight housing (1) and has a Anode (2) and a cathode (3).
- the two electrodes are with an external DC voltage source, not shown connected.
- the liquid serves as an electrolyte, it is partly circulated and for this purpose through the line (7), the pump (8), the Return line (9) and the distributor (10) returned and from sprayed on top of the electrodes.
- Part of the liquid is withdrawn as a product through line (12) and leads Circulate fresh liquid through line (13).
- one of the electrodes is in it Case the cathode (3a), as a liquid and gas permeable Bulk or pack formed, the elements have electrically conductive contact with each other.
- the anode (2) is formed by a horizontal plate that extends completely in the swamp (4).
- the surface (5) of the Bottom extends to the lower area of the cathode (3a).
- the Gas is supplied through line (15) and the other parts the arrangement they already have together with FIG. 1 explained meaning.
- the anode is replaced by several vertical, parallel plates (2a) formed, the lower Area into the liquid sump (4).
- the cathode (3) is a horizontal plate located in the sump (4) educated.
- the remaining parts of the arrangement in FIG. 3 have already been explained together with FIG Circulation pump (8) was shown in Figure 3 for simplification omitted.
- the horizontal section of Figure 4 are vertical anode plates (2a) can also be seen.
- the anode can also be used as form several concentric cylinders (2b), the bottom and are open at the top and are partially in the electrolyte sump. in the Such a cell can otherwise correspond to FIG. 3 be trained. Deviating from the illustration in FIG. 3 up to 6 the electrical positive pole can be drawn to the anode and the negative pole is placed on the drawn cathode, without otherwise changing the cell.
- Figure 6 shows a cell with bipolar electrodes, which as parallel, vertical plates can be formed and stand between the end anode (2) and the end cathode (3). Deviating from this, bipolar electrodes can also be used as concentric cylinder be formed. The remaining parts of the Arrangements according to FIG. 6 have already been carried out together with FIG. 1 explained.
- FIG. 7 there is one in the housing (1) Gas diffusion cathode (3b), to which a liquid-free Gas space (17) belongs.
- the gas is through line (15a) fed and withdrawn through line (15b).
- some of the gas comes through the porous structure of the Gas diffusion cathode (3b) in contact with the electrolyte which is in the sump (4) and from the distributor (10) is sprayed.
- Inside the structure of the cathode (3b) comes it so to the contact between gas and liquid without disruptive amounts of gas or liquid the cathode structure penetrate completely.
- the Gas diffusion cathode (3b) from a metal network and one attached to it attached carbon cloth. Are advantageous the fibers of the carbon cloth at least partially hydrophobized, as is also known.
- the anode is horizontal and in the sump (5) arranged fully submerged, it consists of a Circular disc made of expanded titanium, activated with platinum is, the diameter is 100 mm and the thickness is 1 mm.
- the cathode is replaced by 8 parallel, vertical plates of 90 mm Height and 50 mm width formed, which is a distance of 4 mm have and which are electrically connected to each other.
- the cathode plates are made of expanded titanium, which with Platinum is activated.
- the cathode plates dip 20 mm into the Electrolyte sump.
- the container (1) is made of glass.
- the cathode plates are sprinkled with an aqueous solution from above, which contains 5 g NaOH and 6.3 g Na 2 SO 3 per liter and has a temperature of 50 ° C.
- Air is supplied through line (15) and the exhaust air from line (11) is partly returned to line (15).
- the amount of the recycle gas is 450 Nl / h, fresh air is added to the recycle gas in an amount of 100 Nl / h.
- the gas is fed into the sump (4) 10 mm below the liquid level (5), the amount of liquid in circulation is 4 1, the aim of the process is the oxidation of sulfite ions to sulfate ions.
- FIG. 2 One works in the laboratory with an apparatus according to FIG. 2, whereby the anode (2) through a circular graphite fleece of 100 mm Diameter and a thickness of 25 mm is formed extends horizontally in the sump (4) of the glass container (1).
- the cathode (3a) is replaced by four Graphite fleece layers with a total height of 100 mm, being at the lower and upper ends of the cathode Stabilizing a polypropylene network is located.
- the cathode (3a) is immersed 20 mm deep in the sump (4), the diameter the cathode is just like the inside diameter of the Container (1) 120 mm.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Description
- Fig. 1
- eine erste Variante der elektrochemischen Zelle in schematischer Darstellung,
- Fig. 2
- eine zweite Variante der Zelle,
- Fig. 3
- eine dritte Variante der Zelle,
- Fig. 4
- einen horizontalen Schnitt nach der Linie IV-IV in Fig. 3,
- Fig. 5
- den horizontalen Schnitt durch eine Zelle ähnlich Fig. 3,
- Fig. 6
- eine Zelle mit bipolaren Elektroden und
- Fig. 7
- eine Zelle mit einer Gasdiffusionselektrode.
| 1. | Versuch | 66 Gew.-% |
| 2. | Versuch | 17 Gew.-% |
| 3. | Versuch | 5 Gew.-% |
| 1. | Versuch (Strom 1A) | 47 Gew.-% |
| 2. | Versuch (stromlos) | 9 Gew.-% |
| 3. | Versuch (ohne Elektroden) | 3 Gew.-% |
Claims (6)
- Verfahren zum Umsetzen eines Gases oder Gasgemisches in Gegenwart einer ionenleitenden Flüssigkeit in einer elektrochemischen Zelle mit mindestens zwei Elektroden, nämlich mindestens einer Anode und mindestens einer Kathode, wobei zwischen der Kathode und der Anode eine von außen angelegte elektrische Gleichspannung wirkt und durch die ionenleitende Flüssigkeit ein Gleichstrom fließt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich im unteren Bereich der Zelle ein Sumpf aus der ionenleitenden Flüssigkeit befindet, in welchen die Elektroden eintauchen, daß sich mindestens 20 % der gesamten Oberfläche mindestens einer der Elektroden außerhalb des Sumpfes in einem vom Gas oder Gasgemisch durchströmten oberen Bereich befinden und daß der obere Bereich mit der ionenleitenden Flüssigkeit berieselt oder besprüht wird, wobei man die Elektrodenoberfläche mindestens teilweise benetzt, während das Gas oder Gasgemisch an der Elektrodenoberflächen entlangströmt.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gas oder Gasgemisch im Kontakt mit der Flüssigkeit und den Elektroden oxidiert wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gas oder Gasgemisch im Kontakt mit der Flüssigkeit und den Elektroden reduziert wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder einem der folgenden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich 20 bis 95 % der gesamten Oberfläche mindestens einer der Elektroden oberhalb des Sumpfes aus der ionenleitenden Flüssigkeit befinden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder einem der folgenden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Oberfläche mindestens eines Teils der Elektroden katalytisch wirksam ausgebildet ist.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder einem der folgenden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens eine Elektrode als Gasdiffusionselektrode ausgebildet ist, wobei die Gasdiffusionselektrode einerseits mit einer vom Gas oder Gasgemisch durchströmten Gaskammer in Kontakt steht und die andere Seite der Elektrode mit der Flüssigkeit berieselt oder besprüht wird.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19649832 | 1996-12-02 | ||
| DE19649832A DE19649832A1 (de) | 1996-12-02 | 1996-12-02 | Verfahren zum Durchführen von chemischen Reaktionen in einer elektrochemischen Zelle |
| PCT/EP1997/006538 WO1998024949A1 (de) | 1996-12-02 | 1997-11-21 | Verfahren zum durchführen von chemischen reaktionen in einer elektrochemischen zelle |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0946789A1 EP0946789A1 (de) | 1999-10-06 |
| EP0946789B1 true EP0946789B1 (de) | 2001-03-21 |
Family
ID=7813328
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP97951949A Expired - Lifetime EP0946789B1 (de) | 1996-12-02 | 1997-11-21 | Verfahren zum durchführen von chemischen reaktionen in einer elektrochemischen zelle |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6238547B1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP0946789B1 (de) |
| AU (1) | AU717326B2 (de) |
| BR (1) | BR9714368A (de) |
| DE (2) | DE19649832A1 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2155708T3 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO1998024949A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102004018748A1 (de) | 2004-04-17 | 2005-11-10 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Elektrochemische Zelle |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3996118A (en) * | 1972-05-11 | 1976-12-07 | The Mead Corporation | Method for promoting reduction-oxidation of electrolytically produced gases |
| DE3401636A1 (de) * | 1984-01-19 | 1985-07-25 | Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt | Elektrochemisches verfahren zur behandlung von fluessigen elektrolyten |
| DE4119836A1 (de) * | 1991-06-12 | 1992-12-17 | Arnold Gallien | Elektrolysezelle fuer gasentwickelnde bzw. gasverzehrende elektrolytische prozesse sowie verfahren zum betreiben der elektrolysezelle |
| DE19531707A1 (de) * | 1995-08-30 | 1997-03-06 | Degussa | Verfahren zur Reinigung von Gasen |
| DE19614018A1 (de) * | 1996-04-09 | 1997-10-16 | Degussa | Verfahren und Elektrolysezelle zur Reinigung von Gasen |
-
1996
- 1996-12-02 DE DE19649832A patent/DE19649832A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1997
- 1997-11-21 EP EP97951949A patent/EP0946789B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-11-21 ES ES97951949T patent/ES2155708T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-11-21 DE DE59703201T patent/DE59703201D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-11-21 WO PCT/EP1997/006538 patent/WO1998024949A1/de not_active Ceased
- 1997-11-21 US US09/319,402 patent/US6238547B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-11-21 AU AU55549/98A patent/AU717326B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-11-21 BR BR9714368-5A patent/BR9714368A/pt unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BR9714368A (pt) | 2000-10-17 |
| AU5554998A (en) | 1998-06-29 |
| DE59703201D1 (de) | 2001-04-26 |
| US6238547B1 (en) | 2001-05-29 |
| EP0946789A1 (de) | 1999-10-06 |
| DE19649832A1 (de) | 1998-06-04 |
| AU717326B2 (en) | 2000-03-23 |
| WO1998024949A1 (de) | 1998-06-11 |
| ES2155708T3 (es) | 2001-05-16 |
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