EP0943435A1 - Cylindre réfrigérant - Google Patents
Cylindre réfrigérant Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0943435A1 EP0943435A1 EP99102756A EP99102756A EP0943435A1 EP 0943435 A1 EP0943435 A1 EP 0943435A1 EP 99102756 A EP99102756 A EP 99102756A EP 99102756 A EP99102756 A EP 99102756A EP 0943435 A1 EP0943435 A1 EP 0943435A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cooling
- cooling roll
- roller
- roll according
- coolant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B13/00—Machines and apparatus for drying fabrics, fibres, yarns, or other materials in long lengths, with progressive movement
- F26B13/10—Arrangements for feeding, heating or supporting materials; Controlling movement, tension or position of materials
- F26B13/14—Rollers, drums, cylinders; Arrangement of drives, supports, bearings, cleaning
- F26B13/18—Rollers, drums, cylinders; Arrangement of drives, supports, bearings, cleaning heated or cooled, e.g. from inside, the material being dried on the outside surface by conduction
- F26B13/183—Arrangements for heating, cooling, condensate removal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F23/00—Devices for treating the surfaces of sheets, webs, or other articles in connection with printing
- B41F23/04—Devices for treating the surfaces of sheets, webs, or other articles in connection with printing by heat drying, by cooling, by applying powders
- B41F23/0476—Cooling
- B41F23/0479—Cooling using chill rolls
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cooling roll for the graphic Industry in particular for cooling a printed material web in one Rotary printing press.
- US 4920,881 discloses a method for cooling hot material webs.
- the Disclosure relates to a method of cooling a hot web of material while this passes a rotating thermally conductive chill roll, which with is provided with a circulating cooling medium.
- a cooling medium in liquid form is fed to the cooling roller, at a Temperature and a pressure that allows the cooling medium in liquid form to be present, the temperature being above the dew point. The boiling point The cooling medium is low enough to evaporate the liquid Coolant to allow heat absorption in the cooling roller.
- the coolant vapor is then extracted from the cooling roll and condenses into the liquid phase, then returns to the chill roll to be fed. Cooling media that are typically used here floured hydrocarbons.
- EP-0468219A1 discloses a cooling roll stand with a plurality of Cooling rolls. Using this solution from the prior art Boundary layers of surrounding air and oil vapors on both sides of the clinging to the passing web, dissipates as the web winds through the web Cooling roll stand moved.
- the cooling rollers are mounted in frames, which are adjusted to each other. By moving the respective frame the cooling rollers can assume positions in which parts of the moving material webs on opposite sides the cooling rollers partially wrap around, with the cooling rollers at a short distance are kept apart from each other around a zone degrading the boundary layer form.
- the boundary layers attached to these sections of the material web are kept in close contact with each other and are in the boundary layer reducing zone.
- This Document discloses a cooling roll for cooling a web of material
- a printed material web as used in the graphics industry is used, and in which a uniform temperature over the Cooling roll width is maintained.
- the inner one The chill roll body is opposed to each other on inner ends Storage points stored and the outer chill roll body is stored such that it can rotate around the inner chill roll body.
- Cooling medium is through a bearing point introduced through one end of the chill roll assembly into one central tube in which the coolant is evenly in an annular Space flows between the outer and inner chill roll body and which is evenly between the inner and outer chill roll body extends.
- the coolant flow taking place in this way leads to a improved heat transfer from the outer rotating cooling roll jacket to circulating cooling medium.
- Heated coolant is in the central tube collected and leaves the central tube through one of the storage points.
- Turbulence-inducing bars between the inner and outer Chill roll bodies cause turbulence in the coolant, causing the Heat transfer is significantly improved.
- the present invention is based on the outlined prior art based on the task of increasing the cooling roller temperatures in a simple manner influence.
- Another object of the present invention is to prevent the Appearance of oil condensate on the surfaces of the corresponding Cooling rolls.
- the solution outlined comes with a diverse number of advantages.
- the cooling medium can be supplied to all mixing chambers at the same time no zone within the chill roll with a coolant supplied different temperatures.
- the ratio of the coolant flows in a respective mixing chamber through the inlet openings to the coolant flow through the overflow openings remains over the entire width of the cooling roll according to the invention constant.
- the surface of the invention Cooling roller is always in contact with a cooling medium, which over the entire Cooling roll width has the same temperature. This turns it independently from the flow of the cooling medium, a uniform one across the width of the cooling roll Temperature profile. Due to the water jet-like supply of the cooling medium in the individual mixing chambers of the cooling roll is a within the mixing chamber Recirculation flow stimulated, leading to the emergence of a uniform Contributes to the temperature profile.
- All mixing zones are connected to the central supply line for the cooling medium in connection, so that the mixing zones are simultaneously acted upon by cooling medium become.
- the cross section of the inlet openings increases across the width of the cooling roll seen to ensure that the relationship between fresh Coolant inlet flow in a mixing zone to the resulting coolant flow in this mixing zone remains constant across the width of the chill roll.
- the central supply line can be located on one of the end faces of the cooling roll fasten.
- the central supply line has a conical shape, which is has a tapering end on the outlet end of the cooling roller. Thereby arises between the inside surface of the chill roll and the Outside of the tapered central supply line funnel-shaped flow area.
- the funnel-shaped flow area which is extends over the width of the cooling roll, allows a uniform distribution of the of the cooling medium and therefore a uniform temperature profile.
- Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a Chill roll with a central supply line, the cross section of which Viewed width of the cooling roller remains constant.
- the mixing zones are formed by partitions that are on the central Supply line are attached.
- the partitions can be ring-shaped trained or executed as circular plates at the central Supply line must be attached. Because an overflow of the resulting Coolant flow takes place from one into an adjacent mixing zone the septum openings so that the resulting coolant flow each can happen.
- the corresponding cross-sectional areas of the Overflow openings between the mixing zones increase across the width of the Cooling roller seen too, since the resulting coolant flow from one Mixing zone seen in the adjacent mixing zone across the width of the chill roll increases. Proportionally, the fresh coolant flow takes in Mixing zones to determine the ratio of the coolant flows across the width of the Keeping the cooling roll constant.
- a Number of transport pipes can be arranged in the interior of a chill roll.
- the cooling rolls according to the invention can be used in cooling roll stands Find. Depending on the speed of the printed material web, the Vary the number of chill rolls in a chill roll stand between 5 and 9. Such cooling roller stands are usually behind continuous dryers Rotary printing presses installed after the web of material a number of Printing works has happened.
- Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a double-walled cooling roller reproduced.
- a double-walled cooling roller 1 is between the side walls Cooling roller stand stored, which is not shown in detail here.
- a pipe system is installed, which has an inlet pipe 4 and a Drain pipe 5 for the cooling medium comprises.
- the flow direction of the cooling medium runs from the inlet to the outlet side of the cooling roller 1.
- a cavity 2 Between one Inner body of the cooling roller 1 and the outer surface 3 of the cooling roller there is a cavity 2, which allows the cooling medium to flow along the Inside of the surface 3 of the cooling roller 1 allows.
- Figure 2 gives a simplified representation of a double-walled cooling roller again, which comprises a spiral turn for the cooling medium.
- Figure 3 shows a longitudinal section through a chill roll according to the present Invention.
- the cooling roller 8 comprises two end faces 9, 10, a first end face 9 and one second end face 10.
- the first end face 9 there is an inlet 13 for cooling medium integrated, which supplies the cooling medium to the cooling roller 8.
- the second end face 10 the cooling roller 8 comprises an outlet 14 through which the cooling medium from the Cooling roller 8 is passed out.
- a valve 11 On the inlet side of the cooling medium Cooling roller 8 is a valve 11 through which the supply of Cooling medium to the cooling roller 8 set and different volume flows of Cooling medium to the inside of the cooling roller 8 can be realized.
- the Cooling medium which is supplied through the inlet 13 flows in the direction 15 through the inside of the cooling roller 8.
- This first mixing zone 16.1 is characterized by a the central supply line 12 provided inlet 16.3 with a Coolant supplied.
- the partition 16, which the first mixing zone 16.1 separates, further includes an overflow opening 16.2, which between the Inside of the surface 3 of the cooling roll 8 and the end of the partition 16 is formed. It allows the cooling medium to flow out of the first Mixing zone and an inflow of the cooling medium into the subsequent Adjacent mixing chamber 17.1.
- the adjacent mixing zone 17.1 is between the previously mentioned partition 16 and a further partition, which is attached to the central supply line 12.
- the further one Mixing zone 17.1 is through an inlet opening 17.3 from the central Supply line 12 supplied with cooling medium.
- the partition which can be designed, for example, as a circular plate equally one overflow opening 17.2 for the cooling medium in the next neighboring mixing zone 18.1.
- the flow conditions are in one Mixing zone explained in more detail.
- the description given here applies equally to all mixing zones of the cooling roller 8 according to FIG. 3.
- the cooling medium flow divides and flows along the Partitions 19 and 20 back to the bottom of the mixing zone 20.1. Mixes there the cooling medium with continuously entering cooling medium, and holds the temperature in the mixing zone is constant.
- the Overflow opening 20.2 of the mixing zone 20.1 is dimensioned such that the Coolant flow of the previous mixing zones 16.1, 17.1, 18.1, 19.1 and 20.1 can pass through this opening and no backwater forms.
- cooling medium stream flows through the inlet opening 20.3 like a water jet Cooling medium from the central supply line 12 into the mixing zones 20.1.
- This freshly entering cooling medium has a temperature, for example of 10 ° C and heats up in contact with the inside of the surface 3 of the Cooling roller 8, for example, to 13 ° C.
- After flowing along the Partitions 19 and 20 of the mixing zone 20.1 will flow back Heat the cooling medium to, for example, approx. 16 ° C before it starts with the temperature-controlled cooling medium freshly entering through the inlet opening 20.3. In this way, heat is dissipated from the surface 3 of the cooling roller 8.
- the supply of the mixing zones 16.1, 17.1, 18.1, 19.1, 20.1, 21.1, 22.1, 23.1 and 24.1 increases along the width of the cooling roll 8 with cooling medium from cold "end of the cooling roller 8 on the first end face 9 for warm "end of the cooling roller at the second end face 10.
- the volume flow of the cooling medium to be fed to the cooling roller 8 can be via a valve 11 can be controlled which in the feed line to the cooling roller 8 is provided.
- a valve 11 can be controlled which in the feed line to the cooling roller 8 is provided.
- the downstream have cooling roll 8 lying behind the first cooling roll in the cooling roll stand higher surface temperatures. These temperatures depend on processing web material, depending on whether calendered or finely coated paper can be processed in rotation.
- FIG 4 shows a further embodiment according to the present invention, in which a conical central supply line including funnel-shaped flow areas are shown.
- the cooling roller 8 comprises one conically tapering central supply line 15, which at the Face 9 of the cooling roller 8 is attached.
- the inlet 13 is on the end face 9 connected, while on the opposite end face 10 of the Cooling roller 8 the drain 14 is connected.
- the tapered end of the central supply line 15 points in Direction of the outlet-side end of the cooling roller 8.
- the design of the central supply line 15 is funnel-shaped Flow areas between the central supply line 15 and the Inside of the cooling roller 8.
- each mixing zone 16.1 to 24.1 is included an inlet opening 16.3 to 24.3 for the cooling medium.
- the ratio of the coolant flows is thereby across the width of the cooling roll kept constant that the respective fresh coolant flows 17.4 to 24.4 too the mixing zones across the width of the cooling roller 8 seen proportional to the overflowing, respectively resulting coolant flows 16.2 to 23.2 in the funnel-shaped flow sections grows. This will make it even Temperature profile at the cooling roll 8 reached according to the present invention. Since there is no flow of coolant in the funnel-shaped flow areas Placing flow obstacles in the way can ensure an even flow and a suitable heat transfer can be achieved.
- a cooling roller 8 each a first and a second end face, is a plurality of transport tubes 29 for the Cooling medium provided. These are arranged in a ring adjacent to the peripheral surface of the cooling roller 8 (see Fig. 6). In a Baffle plate 25 inlets 34 are provided for each transport tube. From 5 of the transport tubes 29 shown in FIG. 5 transfer heat Streams 31, which brush the inner side of the surface 3 of the cooling roller 8. This contact of the heat transfer currents 31 with the inside of the Surface 3 of the cooling roller 8 takes place simultaneously over the entire width of the Transport tubes 29 and the cooling roller 8 instead.
- Numeral 32 denotes one circulating coolant flow, which is directed into the interior of the cooling roller 8 is, that is, an outflow of the coolant into the inside of the roll after contact with the Circumferential surface. This flow leaves the inside of the outlet 33 Cooling roller 8 again.
- the arrangement of the transport pipes 29 for the cooling medium is apparent from Fig. 6, which is a cross section through Fig. 5 along V. - V. represents.
- the longitudinal section through the cooling roll according to FIG. 5 corresponds to a Cross section through Fig. 6 along IV. - IV.
- the outflow of Coolant flow 32 into the interior of the cooling roller 8 corresponds to that in FIG. 5 already presented.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Supply, Installation And Extraction Of Printed Sheets Or Plates (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19812149A DE19812149A1 (de) | 1998-03-20 | 1998-03-20 | Kühlwalze |
DE19812149 | 1998-03-20 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0943435A1 true EP0943435A1 (fr) | 1999-09-22 |
EP0943435B1 EP0943435B1 (fr) | 2003-02-05 |
Family
ID=7861594
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99102756A Expired - Lifetime EP0943435B1 (fr) | 1998-03-20 | 1999-02-22 | Cylindre réfrigérant |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6220161B1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0943435B1 (fr) |
DE (2) | DE19812149A1 (fr) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1795347A2 (fr) | 2005-10-28 | 2007-06-13 | Koenig & Bauer Aktiengesellschaft | Support pour cylindre de refroidissement et méthode pour refroidir une bande de papier guidée dans ce support |
WO2007068878A1 (fr) * | 2005-12-13 | 2007-06-21 | Gew (Ec) Limited | Rouleau refroidi par air |
DE102006027147B4 (de) * | 2006-06-12 | 2011-05-12 | Koenig & Bauer Aktiengesellschaft | Kühlwalzenständer zur Kühlung einer hindurchgeführten Materialbahn |
DE10305316B4 (de) * | 2002-03-13 | 2011-06-16 | Goss Contiweb B.V. | Kühlwalze mit einem im Wesentlichen hohlen Innenraum |
DE10305917B4 (de) * | 2002-03-13 | 2015-06-25 | Goss Contiweb B.V. | Kühlwalze mit einem im Wesentlichen hohlen Innenraum |
CN105644141A (zh) * | 2016-01-20 | 2016-06-08 | 胡和萍 | 一种印刷纸传动用冷却辊 |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FI108252B (fi) * | 2000-10-05 | 2001-12-14 | Metso Paper Inc | Menetelmä ja laite paikallisten lämpökuormien tasaamiseksi |
DE10150041B4 (de) * | 2001-10-10 | 2006-06-01 | Platsch Gmbh & Co.Kg | Austrag-Kühleinrichtung für eine Druckmaschine |
US6606948B1 (en) * | 2002-03-11 | 2003-08-19 | Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag | Method for controlling a chill roll system |
DE10237632B4 (de) * | 2002-08-16 | 2004-11-11 | Voith Paper Patent Gmbh | Temperierbare Walze und Verfahren zu ihrem Betrieb |
US6971174B2 (en) | 2003-01-08 | 2005-12-06 | Alcoa Inc. | Method of manufacturing a caster roll |
US6892793B2 (en) * | 2003-01-08 | 2005-05-17 | Alcoa Inc. | Caster roll |
DE10353288B4 (de) * | 2003-11-14 | 2011-01-05 | Shw Casting Technologies Gmbh | Temperierbare Walze |
JP4657096B2 (ja) * | 2005-12-21 | 2011-03-23 | トクデン株式会社 | 熱媒体通流ローラ装置 |
JP5691215B2 (ja) * | 2010-03-26 | 2015-04-01 | 住友ベークライト株式会社 | 粉砕装置 |
US9498992B2 (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2016-11-22 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Sheet material cooling device and printer including the same |
CN106766571A (zh) * | 2016-11-18 | 2017-05-31 | 无锡祁龙胶粘制品有限公司 | 一种用于保护膜加工的高效冷却装置 |
WO2024160915A1 (fr) * | 2023-01-31 | 2024-08-08 | Philip Morris Products S.A. | Procédé de fabrication d'un matériau multicouche |
CN116043461B (zh) * | 2023-04-03 | 2023-09-01 | 山东广泰环保科技有限公司 | 一种冷却辊及印染设备 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0346046A2 (fr) * | 1988-06-07 | 1989-12-13 | W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Tambour refroidisseur |
US4920881A (en) * | 1988-05-02 | 1990-05-01 | Webquip Corporation | Method of cooling hot webs |
EP0468219A1 (fr) * | 1990-07-24 | 1992-01-29 | Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Aktiengesellschaft | Agencement de cylindres de refroidissement |
Family Cites Families (24)
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DE7207568U (de) * | 1973-02-08 | Maschinenfabrik Augsburg Nuernberg Ag | Kuhlwalze fur Warenbahnen | |
US1820074A (en) * | 1928-12-03 | 1931-08-25 | Seiberling Rubber Co | Means for cooling mill rolls |
US1837562A (en) * | 1929-03-16 | 1931-12-22 | Charles W Mayer | Cylinder for paper coating machines and the like |
GB640866A (en) * | 1948-09-17 | 1950-08-02 | Hermann Kurt Wiemer | Improvements in rollers for roller mills |
US2875985A (en) * | 1957-10-30 | 1959-03-03 | Farrel Birmingham Co Inc | Heat exchange roll |
DE1254336B (de) * | 1963-07-20 | 1967-11-16 | Demag Ag | Kalanderwalze mit Fluessigkeits- oder Dampfheizung |
DE2006113A1 (de) * | 1970-02-11 | 1972-01-27 | Schleede, Rudolf, 2200 Elmshorn | Hohlwalze |
FR2341387A2 (fr) * | 1976-02-18 | 1977-09-16 | Fives Cail Babcock | Rouleau a refroidissement interne |
CH594505A5 (fr) * | 1976-03-11 | 1978-01-13 | Wifag Maschf | |
US4093023A (en) * | 1976-06-24 | 1978-06-06 | Ivan Vasilievich Frantsenjuk | Sheet mill table roll |
US4183298A (en) * | 1977-12-23 | 1980-01-15 | Roland Offsetmaschinenfabrik Faber & Schleicher Ag | Water cooled ink roller for printing presses |
ES506134A0 (es) * | 1981-10-08 | 1982-08-16 | Argemi Sans Valeriano | Sistema para refrigeracion de cilindros giratorios |
DE3242066A1 (de) * | 1982-11-13 | 1984-05-17 | Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag, 6900 Heidelberg | Kuehlwalze mit vorgewaehlten unterschiedlichen kuehlzonen |
DD242852A1 (de) * | 1985-11-18 | 1987-02-11 | Adw Ddr | Kuehlwalze, insbesondere zur schnellerstarrung von metallen |
US4774771A (en) * | 1987-03-20 | 1988-10-04 | Littleton Industrial Consultants, Inc. | Self cleaning chill roll apparatus |
GB2207636B (en) * | 1987-08-04 | 1991-08-14 | Seiichi Kurosawa | Thermoregulator |
DE3802477A1 (de) * | 1988-01-28 | 1989-08-10 | Voith Gmbh J M | Kuehlwalze |
DE4111911A1 (de) * | 1991-04-12 | 1992-10-15 | Voith Gmbh J M | Walze |
EP0652104B1 (fr) * | 1993-11-05 | 2002-04-10 | MAN Roland Druckmaschinen AG | Unité d'impression pour impression offset sans eau de mouillage |
DE4416421C2 (de) * | 1994-05-10 | 1996-07-04 | Heinz Dr Ing Gros | Heiz- und kühlbare Rolle mit nahezu reibungsfreier Lagerung |
DE4431252B4 (de) * | 1994-09-02 | 2004-01-29 | V.I.B. Systems Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Bedrucken einer Materialbahn |
DE19510797A1 (de) * | 1995-03-24 | 1996-09-26 | Roland Man Druckmasch | Temperierbarer zylindrischer Rotationskörper |
FR2740726B1 (fr) * | 1995-11-08 | 1998-01-23 | Heidelberg Harris Sa | Dispositif de refroidissement de la surface du blanchet d'un groupe d'impression d'une machine rotative a imprimer |
US5694848A (en) * | 1996-03-13 | 1997-12-09 | Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag | Printing unit for water based inks |
-
1998
- 1998-03-20 DE DE19812149A patent/DE19812149A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1999
- 1999-02-22 EP EP99102756A patent/EP0943435B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-02-22 DE DE59904202T patent/DE59904202D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-03-22 US US09/273,619 patent/US6220161B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4920881A (en) * | 1988-05-02 | 1990-05-01 | Webquip Corporation | Method of cooling hot webs |
EP0346046A2 (fr) * | 1988-06-07 | 1989-12-13 | W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Tambour refroidisseur |
EP0468219A1 (fr) * | 1990-07-24 | 1992-01-29 | Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Aktiengesellschaft | Agencement de cylindres de refroidissement |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10305316B4 (de) * | 2002-03-13 | 2011-06-16 | Goss Contiweb B.V. | Kühlwalze mit einem im Wesentlichen hohlen Innenraum |
DE10305917B4 (de) * | 2002-03-13 | 2015-06-25 | Goss Contiweb B.V. | Kühlwalze mit einem im Wesentlichen hohlen Innenraum |
EP1795347A2 (fr) | 2005-10-28 | 2007-06-13 | Koenig & Bauer Aktiengesellschaft | Support pour cylindre de refroidissement et méthode pour refroidir une bande de papier guidée dans ce support |
EP1795347A3 (fr) * | 2005-10-28 | 2010-10-27 | Koenig & Bauer Aktiengesellschaft | Support pour cylindre de refroidissement et méthode pour refroidir une bande de papier guidée dans ce support |
WO2007068878A1 (fr) * | 2005-12-13 | 2007-06-21 | Gew (Ec) Limited | Rouleau refroidi par air |
DE102006027147B4 (de) * | 2006-06-12 | 2011-05-12 | Koenig & Bauer Aktiengesellschaft | Kühlwalzenständer zur Kühlung einer hindurchgeführten Materialbahn |
CN105644141A (zh) * | 2016-01-20 | 2016-06-08 | 胡和萍 | 一种印刷纸传动用冷却辊 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE59904202D1 (de) | 2003-03-13 |
DE19812149A1 (de) | 1999-09-23 |
US6220161B1 (en) | 2001-04-24 |
EP0943435B1 (fr) | 2003-02-05 |
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