EP0942144B1 - Modulare Trittstufe für vorgefertigte selbsttragende Leitern - Google Patents

Modulare Trittstufe für vorgefertigte selbsttragende Leitern Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0942144B1
EP0942144B1 EP99104783A EP99104783A EP0942144B1 EP 0942144 B1 EP0942144 B1 EP 0942144B1 EP 99104783 A EP99104783 A EP 99104783A EP 99104783 A EP99104783 A EP 99104783A EP 0942144 B1 EP0942144 B1 EP 0942144B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
modular unit
unit according
elements
ladder
pair
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99104783A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0942144A2 (de
EP0942144A3 (de
Inventor
Massimo Mastella
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MASTELLA, MASSIMO
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Mastella Massimo
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Publication of EP0942144A3 publication Critical patent/EP0942144A3/de
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06C—LADDERS
    • E06C7/00—Component parts, supporting parts, or accessories
    • E06C7/08—Special construction of longitudinal members, or rungs or other treads
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F11/00—Stairways, ramps, or like structures; Balustrades; Handrails
    • E04F11/02—Stairways; Layouts thereof
    • E04F11/022—Stairways; Layouts thereof characterised by the supporting structure
    • E04F11/035—Stairways consisting of a plurality of assembled modular parts without further support
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F11/00—Stairways, ramps, or like structures; Balustrades; Handrails
    • E04F11/02—Stairways; Layouts thereof
    • E04F11/104—Treads
    • E04F11/1041—Treads having means to adjust the height, the depth and/or the slope of the stair steps
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06C—LADDERS
    • E06C1/00—Ladders in general
    • E06C1/02—Ladders in general with rigid longitudinal member or members
    • E06C1/04—Ladders for resting against objects, e.g. walls poles, trees
    • E06C1/08—Ladders for resting against objects, e.g. walls poles, trees multi-part
    • E06C1/10—Sections fitted end to end

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a prefabricated structure for outward and inward environment and, more specifically, it relates to a modular step unit for making modular ladders.
  • a modular step unit according to the preamble of claim 1 is described in EP-A-0 128 880.
  • Prefabricated ladders are provided for use in public and private environments, and they can be of a right plan type, a curved, ellipsoidal, ovoidal and mixed plan type.
  • a lot of prior self-supporting ladders comprise a plurality of prefabricated metal elements of different shapes which are assembled to one another partially in an assembling shop, partially on the installing field, by removable coupling or connecting elements, such as screws, bolts, to allow them to be easily shipped and assembled-disassembled in very short times.
  • Such a construction also allows to reduce to a minimum the number of standardized components, thereby also reducing the managing and storing costs for the makers thereof.
  • a drawback of prior commercially available prefabricated ladders is that said ladders are excessively resilient because they are formed by individual metal sheet elements which are mutually coupled by coupling screws or nails.
  • these prior constructions would be subjected to excessive oscillations and vibrations making said construction unstable and unsafe, and, accordingly, uncomfortable in use.
  • the mentioned highly resilient nature would reduce the structural strength thereof, with the requirement of adding stabilizing middle elements.
  • prior prefabricated ladder constructions A further drawback of prior prefabricated ladder constructions is that in these prior ladders it is not possible to precisely adjust the rise or height of the ladder steps, and, accordingly, of the overall step, mainly on the installing field and, for providing such a fine adjustment, prior ladder constructions usually comprise a lot of specially designed additional elements with a consequent increasing of the assembling time and cost.
  • the aim of the present invention is to overcome or at least alleviate the above mentioned drawbacks, by providing a modular step unit and a prefabricated ladder construction having a highly rigid structure, and which can be simply and quickly assembled and installed, while providing a very good aesthetic aspect.
  • a main object of the present invention is to provide such a step modular allowing to reduce the oscillations and vibrations affecting prior ladder constructions, while enlarging the net distance of the ladder bearing elements, and eliminating the requirements of providing middle supporting elements.
  • Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a modular step unit allowing to easily and quickly adjust the heights of the individual ladder steps.
  • Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a modular step unit which is very simple construction-wise.
  • the modular step unit according to the invention is specifically designed for self-supporting metal ladders, comprising a pair of side supporting constructions, which support a flat step element.
  • Connecting means are moreover provided for connecting each unit to an adjoining unit in order to define a self-supporting ladder ramp, each supporting construction comprising at least a substantially vertical inner element arranged between and rigidly coupled to at least a pair of outer substantially horizontal elements; at least an inner element being adapted to be coupled to at least a pair of outer elements pertaining to an adjoining modular unit by a height adjustable coupling device in order to provide a variable height ladder ramp.
  • a self-supporting ladder construction which has been generally indicated by the reference number 1, comprises a plurality of modular step units, each indicated by the reference number 2, which are mutually coupled so as to provide a continuous type of construction.
  • Each modular unit 2 comprises a pair of side supporting or bearing structures, indicated by the reference number 3, which, at the end portions thereof support a respective flat ladder step 4, possibly through one or more cross-members 4a.
  • each side supporting structure 3 is a "sandwich" type of structure, including adjoining elements, and comprising at least an inner element 5, which substantially vertically extends between a pair of substantially horizontally extending outer element pair 6.
  • the inner elements 5 are provided in a number of two and are arranged between the pair of outer elements 6.
  • the elements 5, 6 are constituted by essentially flat plates, formed from alloy steel (38NCD4) or stainless steel (AISI 316), having a thickness from about 8 to 12 mm, which have been automatically cut, for example by using a laser cutting apparatus.
  • Both the inner elements 5 and outer elements 6 have a very simple elongated plan configuration, for example of approximatively rectangular shape, thereby allowing very quick and precise cutting operations to be performed.
  • the cut elements could be also subjected to a plurality of surface finishing treatments, for providing said elements with a desired aesthetic final aspect.
  • each outer element 6 is provided with a cross lug 7 extending from a longitudinal end portion of a major side thereof, and facing downwardly, as the element is in a full assembled condition.
  • each structure 3 is rigidly coupled by fixed coupling or connecting elements arranged at adjoining end portions thereof, thereby their middle axes extend in substantially perpendicular directions and their extension planes being substantially vertical.
  • the inner elements 5 are provided with a pair of terminal circular holes 8, cooperating with corresponding circular holes 9 of like diameters, formed at an end of the outer elements 6.
  • the centers of the holes 8, 9 are arranged on a segment which is slanted at about 45° with respect to the middle axes of the elements 5, 6.
  • the fixed coupling elements 10 each comprise a cylindric pin 11, having a diameter slightly less than that of the holes 8, provided with end threads, on which cylindric or tapering head clamping screws 12, 13 are engaged, said clamping screws being provided with respective flat face.
  • the outer elements 6 are provided with counter-shaped cylindric or tapering seats or recesses for housing therein, in a not to the view exposed manner, the corresponding heads or screws 12, 13, thereby their flat outer faces are flush with the outer surfaces of the elements 6, to provide a continuous visual aspect and overcoming any gaps as due to possible projecting screws.
  • an anchoring bracket 15 for anchoring each cross-member 4a could be affixed to a face of the outer elements 6 adjoining the ladder step 4.
  • spacing washers 14 provided for holding the several assembled elements at a set mutual distance. This distance, together with the several adjoining elements, will operate to increase the inertial momentum of the assembled construction 3, thereby providing the overall unit a high constructional stiffness.
  • This high constructional stiffness will provide the unit 2 and assembled ladder construction with a very great resistance to oscillations and vibrations, much greater than in prior ladder constructions, thereby providing a ladder construction which can be comfortably used.
  • At least one of and preferably both the inner elements 5 are coupled to a pair of outer elements 6 pertaining to a modular unit 2', 2", 2"' ....2 n , by a coupling device which can be height adjusted in order to provide a variable height or rise ladder ramp.
  • each supporting structure 3 and an adjoining supporting structure 3', 3", 3"' ...3 n a lot of height adjustable coupling devices, generally indicated by the reference number 16, have been provided, in order to change the rise or height of the modular unit 2 and, accordingly, of the overall ladder construction 1.
  • said adjustable coupling or connecting devices which have been generally indicated by the reference number 15, comprise a support element or insert 17, made starting from a cylindric washer provided with milled portions or parallel flat faces 18. Along the end circular edges thereof, the insert 17 is provided with steps 19 defining coupling contours.
  • the insert 17 is provided with a vertical symmetry plane V and a horizontal symmetry plane C, with a central axis A.
  • a slotted hole 20 extending along the direction of the plane V is formed, said slotted hole having a diameter slightly greater than the outer diameter of the pins 11.
  • a plurality of tooth arrangements 21 are provided, including symmetrical and parallel teeth, which are symmetrically arranged with respect to the symmetry plane C.
  • the opposite faces of the insert 16 can be precisely or snugly housed in two corresponding cavities 22 having a complementary configuration formed at the bottom end portion of two adjoining elements 5, which cannot turn about the axis A, owing to the provision of the two side milled portions 18.
  • each insert 17 will be coupled to a small plate 23 arranged between each inner element 5 and an adjoining outer element 6. More specifically, each plate 23 has a plan shape similar to that of the insert 17 and is provided with a central hole 24, having a hole axis B, and a tooth arrangement 25 similar to that provided on the insert 17, at a region thereof offset from the axis B.
  • the tooth arrangements 19, 25 can be mutually engaged thereby locking said arrangements after having set their height mutual positions.
  • the mutual position of this components can be displaced, with a maximum degree, either upwardly or downwardly, by turning through 180° the plate 23 about its turning axis B.
  • the elements 6', 6", 6''' would be provided with respective lugs 7', 7", 7''' having different heights D', D", D"', in order to provide different height adjusting ranges.
  • each structure it would be possible to support suitable supporting elements for corresponding uprights 26 of a parapet or guard rail 27.
  • modular step units 2c which, though conceptually similar to the preceding modular units, would be constituted by inner 3i and outer 3e bearing structures of different configuration and length, supporting at the end portions thereof ladder steps 4c having a substantially trapezoidal or circular segment plan configuration.
  • the outer elements 6c will have a different construction, both with respect to the different extension of said elements 6c and due to the provision thereon of bent portions along one or more vertical lines 28, 29.
  • the height of the ladder construction can be easily and quickly varied without affecting the geometrical configuration of the prefabricated components.
  • cross-member 4a, coupling the bearing or supporting structures 3, can comprise either a plate-like or a tubular element.
  • the modular unit according to the present invention allows to easily made plate-like vertical modular units 5, in which suitable slots 22 delimited by two vertical portions and two curved portions with a convexity respectively facing upward and downward would be formed, thereby providing likewise contoured insert 43 to be provided with corresponding holes at set levels, with respect to the longitudinal extension of said inserts 43.
  • the inserts 43 would be directly formed by shearing or cutting operations on vertical plate-like modular units 5, which would be provided with calibrated housing seats 22 for engaging therein the mentioned inserts 43.
  • Said inserts would be provided with a plurality of holes arranged at the center thereof, or at a top and/or bottom position with respect to the longitudinal extension of said inserts 43 thereby allowing to easily adjust the height of the individual ladder steps.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ladders (AREA)
  • Steps, Ramps, And Handrails (AREA)

Claims (20)

  1. Modulare Trittstufe speziell für selbsttragende Leiterkonstruktionen aus Metall, umfassend ein seitliches Stützmittel (3, 3c), das eine flache Leiterstufe (4, 4c) stützt, Verbindungsmittel (16) zum Verbinden jeder modularen Trittstufe mit einer benachbarten modularen Trittstufe zum Definieren einer selbsttragenden Leiterrampe (1, 1c), wobei das seitliche Stützmittel (3, 3c) wenigstens ein im wesentlichen vertikales inneres Element (5) umfasst, das zwischen wenigstens einem Paar im wesentlichen horizontalen äußeren Elementen (6, 6c) angeordnet und starr damit verbunden ist, wobei wenigstens ein inneres Element (5) so beschaffen ist, dass es mit wenigstens einem Paar äußerer Elemente (6, 6c), die zu einer benachbarten Trittstufe (3, 3c) gehören, mittels eines Verbindungsmittels (16) verbunden werden kann, welches in der Höhe so verstellbar ist, dass eine Leiterrampe mit verstellbarer Höhe entsteht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die seitlichen Stützmittel ein Paar seitlicher Stützkonstruktionen umfassen; dass die inneren und äußeren Elemente (5, 6; 6c) Metallplatten umfassen, die eine im wesentlichen konstante Dicke und eine im wesentlichen rechteckige planare Form aufweisen und in voneinander beabstandeten, sich vertikal erstreckenden Ebenen angeordnet sind; und dass die im wesentlichen horizontalen äußeren Elemente (6, 6c) nahe einer vorderen Ecke einer Leiterstufe mit einem abwärts gerichteten Ansatz (7) versehen sind, der zusammen mit einer Unterkante der Leiterstufe einen vertikalen Abstandshalter für eine benachbarte seitliche Konstruktion definiert.
  2. Modulare Trittstufe nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jedes innere Element (5) mit den äußeren Elementen an dem Queransatz (7) mittels fester Verbindungselemente (11) verbunden ist.
  3. Modulare Trittstufe nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Trittstufe standardisierte äußere Elemente (6', 6", 62'") umfasst, die je nach dem Höhenbereich der Leiterstufe Queransätze (7', 7") mit unterschiedlichen Höhen (D', D", D"') aufweisen.
  4. Modulare Trittstufe nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die äußeren Elemente (6) im wesentlichen flach sind, so dass gerade Leiterrampen entstehen, oder entlang wenigstens einer im wesentlichen vertikalen Generatrix (28, 29) gebogen (6c) sind, so dass gekrümmte, gemischte oder spiralförmige Leiterrampen entstehen.
  5. Modulare Trittstufe nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jede einstellbare Verbindungsvorrichtung (16) einen Einsatz (17) umfasst, der mit einer komplementär geformten Ausnehmung (21) in Eingriff gebracht werden kann, die in jedem inneren Element (5) ausgebildet ist.
  6. Modulare Trittstufe nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Einsatz (17) an jeweiligen Flächen mit im wesentlichen horizontalen Zahnanordnungen (21), die einen bestimmten Zahnungsabstand aufweisen, und mit einem Durchgangsloch (20), das in einer im wesentlichen vertikalen Richtung länglich geformt ist, versehen ist.
  7. Modulare Trittstufe nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jede einstellbare Verbindungsvorrichtung (16) ein Paar Platten (23) umfasst, die zwischen wenigstens einem inneren Element (5) und einem benachbarten äußeren Element (6) angeordnet sind.
  8. Modulare Trittstufe nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Platten (23) mit Zahnanordnungen (25) versehen sind, die mit denen (21) von Einsatz (17) identisch sind und mit ihnen zusammenwirken, und ein kreisrundes mittiges Loch (25) aufweisen, dessen Durchmesser gleich dem Mindestdurchmesser des Langloches (20) ist.
  9. Modulare Trittstufe nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die an jeder Platte (23) ausgebildete Zahnanordnung (25) relativ zur Achse (B) ihres Loches (24) exzentrisch angeordnet ist, um eine maximale Höhenänderung bezüglich des Einsatzes (17) zu erreichen, indem die Platte (23) um die Achse ihres Loches (24) um 180° gedreht wird.
  10. Modulare Trittstufe nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jede einstellbare Verbindungsvorrichtung (16), die durch einen Einsatz (17) und ein Paar Platten (23) gebildet ist, in einer bestimmten Position durch feste Verbindungselemente (10), die durch die Durchgangslöcher (20, 24) hindurch verlaufen, verriegelt ist, um ihre jeweiligen sich gegenüberliegenden Zahnanordnungen (21, 25) durch Höheneinstellung ihrer aufeinander ausgerichteten Positionen festzuklemmen.
  11. Modulare Trittstufe nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die festen Verbindungselemente (10) einen Zylinderstift (11) umfassen, der mit einem Innengewinde versehene Endabschnitte aufweist, in denen jeweilige Sicherungsschrauben (12, 13) aufgenommen sind.
  12. Modulare Trittstufe nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kopf der Schrauben (11, 12) in komplementär geformten Sitzen aufgenommen ist, die in den Außenflächen der äußeren Elemente (6) ausgebildet sind, wodurch die Schraubenköpfe bündig mit diesen Außenflächen abschließen.
  13. Modulare Trittstufe nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jede seitliche Stützkonstruktion (3) ein Paar innerer Elemente (5) umfasst, die mit einem Paar äußerer Elemente (6) verbunden sind, wobei Distanzscheiben (14) zwischen jedem Element angeordnet sind und unmittelbar an jedes Element angrenzen.
  14. Modulare Trittstufe nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Paar innerer Elemente (5) mit einem Paar äußerer Elemente durch ein Paar Verbindungselemente (9) verbunden ist, die entlang einer Linie angeordnet sind, die relativ zu einer horizontalen Linie um 45° geneigt ist.
  15. Modulare Trittstufe nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass wenigstens eines der äußeren Elemente (6) jeder Stützkonstruktion (3) mit einer Stütze (15) für ein oder mehrere Querelemente (4a) versehen ist, um darauf einen Leiterstufe (4) und eine Ankerschelle zum Verankern aufrechter Elemente (26) eines Handlaufs oder einer Brüstung (27) zu tragen.
  16. Modulare Trittstufe nach einem oder mehreren der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die modulare Trittstufe mehrere plattenartige vertikale Module umfasst, in denen mehrere Schlitze ausgebildet sind, welche durch zwei vertikale Abschnitte und zwei gekrümmte Abschnitte begrenzt sind, wobei eine Wölbung jeweils abwärts bzw. aufwärts weist, wodurch entsprechende Einsätze von gleicher Form bereitgestellt werden, die mehrere Durchgangslöcher auf verschiedenen Ebenen oder Höhen relativ zur Längsausdehnung der Einsätze enthalten.
  17. Modulare Trittstufe nach einem oder mehreren der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Einsätze direkt durch Scheren oder Schneiden an vertikalen plattenartigen Modulen hergestellt werden, wobei die Module mit kalibrierten Gehäusesitzen versehen sind, in denen die Einsätze aufgenommen sind.
  18. Modulare Trittstufe nach einem oder mehreren der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Einsätze mit mehreren Löchern versehen sind, die in der Mitte oder an der Oberseite oder an der Unterseite relativ zur Längsausdehnung der Einsätze angeordnet sind, wodurch es möglich ist, die Höhe der einzelnen Leiterstufen einzustellen, wobei die Einsätze in den Sitzen aufgenommen sind, welche mit einer entsprechenden Konfiguration versehen sind.
  19. Modulare Trittstufe nach einem oder mehreren der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Querelement zum Verbinden der Stützkonstruktionen (3) ein plattenartiges oder rohrförmiges Element umfasst.
  20. Modulare Trittstufe nach einem oder mehreren der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass, um Leiterkonstruktionen mit großer Breite herzustellen, die modulare Trittstufe mehr als zwei Stützkonstruktionen (3) umfasst, wobei jede seitliche Stützkonstruktion an eine oder mehrere mittige Stützkonstruktionen angrenzt, welche mit der anderen Stützkonstruktion durch die verbindenden Querelemente (4a) verbunden sind.
EP99104783A 1998-03-12 1999-03-10 Modulare Trittstufe für vorgefertigte selbsttragende Leitern Expired - Lifetime EP0942144B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT98VI000052A ITVI980052A1 (it) 1998-03-12 1998-03-12 Unita' di gradino modulare per scale prefabbricate autoportanti, non che' scala prefabbricata autoportante incorporante tale unita'.
ITVI980052 1998-03-12

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0942144A2 EP0942144A2 (de) 1999-09-15
EP0942144A3 EP0942144A3 (de) 2000-06-07
EP0942144B1 true EP0942144B1 (de) 2004-08-04

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99104783A Expired - Lifetime EP0942144B1 (de) 1998-03-12 1999-03-10 Modulare Trittstufe für vorgefertigte selbsttragende Leitern

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EP (1) EP0942144B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE272784T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69919053T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2226218T3 (de)
IT (1) ITVI980052A1 (de)

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EP2025828B1 (de) * 2007-07-30 2011-09-14 Fondazione di' Persona Treppe
ITMI20071884A1 (it) * 2007-10-02 2009-04-03 Alessandro Maltini Elemento modulare per la realizzazione di scale fisse
ITVR20080070A1 (it) * 2008-06-20 2009-12-21 Mast S R L Struttura di scala e giunto strutturale per la realizzazione di scale
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ITTV20120171A1 (it) * 2012-09-05 2014-03-06 Daniele Pivetta Modulo per realizzazione di scala modulare autoportante con struttura in acciaio
CN104775750B (zh) * 2015-04-06 2016-08-24 陈超 一种剪叉式梯子
RU178962U1 (ru) * 2017-07-27 2018-04-24 Дмитрий Викторович Кучук Составная косоурная лестница
CN109457881A (zh) * 2018-12-14 2019-03-12 成都建工工业化建筑有限公司 一种装配式建筑物的楼梯及其制作工艺
CN110005150B (zh) * 2019-04-28 2021-01-05 安徽军瑶新型材料有限公司 一种多段平移式装配建筑楼梯
CN111549988B (zh) * 2020-05-31 2021-10-19 长沙新气象自动化技术有限公司 一种用于装配式建筑的组装式楼梯

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20150117292A (ko) * 2013-02-11 2015-10-19 존 클레멘트 프레스톤 상호 작용하여 임시 계단을 형성하는 계단 모듈
KR102334512B1 (ko) 2013-02-11 2021-12-02 존 프레스톤 상호 작용하여 임시 계단을 형성하는 계단 모듈

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DE69919053T2 (de) 2005-07-28
EP0942144A2 (de) 1999-09-15
EP0942144A3 (de) 2000-06-07
DE69919053D1 (de) 2004-09-09
ITVI980052A1 (it) 1999-09-12
ES2226218T3 (es) 2005-03-16
ATE272784T1 (de) 2004-08-15

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