EP0940636B1 - Kombikessel zum Heizen und zur Brauchwasserbereitung - Google Patents

Kombikessel zum Heizen und zur Brauchwasserbereitung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0940636B1
EP0940636B1 EP99830117A EP99830117A EP0940636B1 EP 0940636 B1 EP0940636 B1 EP 0940636B1 EP 99830117 A EP99830117 A EP 99830117A EP 99830117 A EP99830117 A EP 99830117A EP 0940636 B1 EP0940636 B1 EP 0940636B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating
branch
sanitary
boiler
primary circuit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99830117A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0940636A2 (de
EP0940636A3 (de
Inventor
Romano Amadei
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Immergas SpA
Original Assignee
Immergas SpA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Immergas SpA filed Critical Immergas SpA
Priority to SI9930185T priority Critical patent/SI0940636T1/xx
Publication of EP0940636A2 publication Critical patent/EP0940636A2/de
Publication of EP0940636A3 publication Critical patent/EP0940636A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0940636B1 publication Critical patent/EP0940636B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/08—Hot-water central heating systems in combination with systems for domestic hot-water supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
    • F24D2220/08—Storage tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/48—Water heaters for central heating incorporating heaters for domestic water
    • F24H1/52—Water heaters for central heating incorporating heaters for domestic water incorporating heat exchangers for domestic water

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a boiler of the combined type for heating and for producing sanitary water.
  • a first type of combined boiler envisages the use of a "bithermal" type of exchanger comprising internally both the heating water circuit or "primary" circuit and the sanitary water circuit.
  • a circulation pump ensures circulation of the water of the primary circuit.
  • a three-way diversion valve selectively either directs the water of the primary circuit towards the heating system, when sanitary hot water is not required, or keeps the water inside the internal circuit of the boiler, when there is no such requirement.
  • the apparatus of this type require a relatively small number of constructional components and are therefore fairly low-cost. Moreover, they allow the sanitary water to reach rapidly the required temperature, owing to the fact that the sanitary circuit is exposed directly to the heat of the combustion products.
  • the sanitary circuit becomes lined with scale very quickly, mainly on account of the constant presence in the exchanger of fresh sanitary water which is exposed to the combustion products. This results in the need for frequent maintenance operations in order to clean or even replace the primary exchanger.
  • a second type of combined boiler envisages the use of two exchangers: a primary exchanger, inside which water of the primary circuit circulates, and a secondary exchanger, inside which an exchange of heat occurs between the sanitary circuit and a branch, inside the boiler, of the primary circuit.
  • This solution envisages a diversion valve which, at the moment when sanitary water is drawn, diverts the water flow of the primary circuit from the heating system circuit to the internal branch of the secondary exchanger.
  • This solution is commonly referred to as "indirect exchange” type for the production of sanitary hot water.
  • a third type of combined boiler envisages the use of a secondary coil exchanger which is inserted in a branch of the primary circuit inside a sanitary water storage vessel.
  • a diversion valve upon activation of a thermostatic probe associated with the sanitary water storage vessel, directs the water of the primary circuit selectively towards the secondary exchanger or towards the heating system.
  • the probe detects a temperature value which is lower than a preset value, the said probe enables the valve to divert the water flow of the primary circuit towards the sanitary exchanger since the production of sanitary hot water takes priority over the heating function.
  • a first solution envisages a small insulated storage vessel which is located downstream of the sanitary exchanger and which has sanitary hot water inside it. During the stage of production of sanitary hot water, the water contained in the storage vessel is heated by the sanitary exchanger. When there is no requirement for sanitary hot water, the water inside the storage vessel is kept at a predefined temperature by means of the use of an electric resistance which is activated by a thermostat located in the upper part of the vessel.
  • the storage vessel which is located in the rear part of the boiler, does not increase the dimensions of the latter. This solution allows the immediate availability of sanitary hot water and is constructionally fairly simple.
  • a second solution also comprises a small insulated storage vessel which contains water of the sanitary circuit and is located downstream of the sanitary exchanger.
  • the water inside the storage vessel is kept at a predefined temperature by means of a small exchange coil which is inserted in a secondary branch of the primary heating circuit and which is supplied by means of a diversion valve.
  • the sanitary water which is immediately available, is kept at the required temperature using heat supplied by the burner, without any use of electric energy.
  • a third solution which has the characteristic features described in the preamble of the first claim, comprises a small vessel for storing hot water of the primary circuit, which is located downstream of the primary exchanger and inserted in a branch of the primary circuit which conveys hot water to the sanitary exchanger.
  • This vessel which is kept at the required temperature by the heat supplied by the burner, forms a reserve supply of immediately available energy to be supplied to the sanitary exchanger at the moment when sanitary water is drawn, so that the sanitary water is able to reach rapidly the desired temperature.
  • a first diversion valve is located in the primary circuit inside the boiler, between the storage vessel and the sanitary exchanger.
  • the diversion valve closes the primary water supply to the sanitary exchanger and also connects the outlet of the storage vessel to the return branch of the primary circuit upstream of the supply pump.
  • the hot water of the primary circuit does not heat unnecessarily the sanitary exchanger so that there is a considerable reduction in deposition of the lime-scale contained in the sanitary water present inside the sanitary exchanger.
  • a control thermostat causes ignition of the boiler and operation of a second diversion valve (located on the delivery branch of the primary circuit, at the start of the supply branch of the sanitary exchanger) so as to divert the flow of the primary water towards the storage vessel until the desired temperature is restored inside the latter.
  • a pressure-operated valve which is usually located along the sanitary water inlet branch, supplies a command signal both to the burner ignition system and to the second diversion valve so as to allow the storage tank to receive the hot water supplied from the primary tank, and finally to the first diversion valve so as to allow the sanitary exchanger to receive the hot water supplied from the storage tank.
  • the sanitary exchanger receives primary circuit hot water supplied from the small storage vessel, resulting in sanitary hot water being immediately available.
  • the burner by means of the primary exchanger, heats the entire circuit inside the boiler and provides sanitary water which is heated by means of the whole boiler power output.
  • a boiler comprising a storage vessel containing heating water and connected In series to a primary branch of a heat exchanger of the boiler.
  • the storage vessel is located downstream of the heat exchanger.
  • An object of the present invention is that of overcoming the abovementioned limitations and drawbacks of the known art by means of a boiler which is constructionally simple and low-cost.
  • Another object of the invention in question is that of providing a combined boiler which has small dimensions and which allows the rapid production of sanitary water at the desired temperature, reducing to a minimum the risk of lime-scale deposition on the component parts of the boiler.
  • Another object is that of achieving a continuous and regular production of sanitary hot water during the whole period of drawing of water, in particular also during the first moments of drawing and during the period immediately following it.
  • the boiler comprises a storage vessel provided with heating means which keep the heating fluid contained therein at a predefined temperature. Said heating means are provided with control and regulating means which storage in accordance which the temperature of the heating fluid contained in the storage vessel.
  • the boiler is characterized by the fact that said control means comprise PTC resistors which supply heat, adjusting themselves automatically to the desired temperature value.
  • 1 denotes in its entirety a boiler of the combined type for heating and for producing sanitary hot water, which comprises a conventional burner 2, preferably a gas burner, operating in a combustion chamber 3 where a hood 4 is provided for evacuation of the fumes.
  • the burner 2 receives the fuel from a feeder line indicated by 5 on which a valve 6 is located.
  • a primary circuit is provided for a heating fluid comprising a delivery-branch 7, a return branch 8 and a secondary branch 9.
  • the delivery branch 7 and the return branch 8 are intended for connection to a heating system, not shown, via unions 10 and 11.
  • An NTC temperature probe 12 is provided on the delivery branch for regulating and limiting the temperature in the combustion chamber.
  • the heating fluid is normally water which is used as a thermal energy carrier in heating systems.
  • the secondary branch 9 connects the delivery branch to the return branch.
  • the boiler 1 comprises a primary heat exchanger 13 from which the delivery branch exits and into which the return branch enters, said exchanger being intended for the exchange of heat between the combustion products of the burner and the heating fluid in the primary circuit.
  • a circulation pump 14 is provided, being located in the primary circuit 14, preferably along the return branch 8 upstream of the primary exchanger, in a section located between the primary exchanger and an outlet end 34 of the secondary branch 9.
  • the boiler 1 is also provided with a secondary circuit 15 for the sanitary water (having an inlet 16 and outlet 17) and a secondary heat exchanger 18 which is inserted in the secondary branch of the primary circuit and is intended for heat exchange between the heating fluid in the primary circuit and the sanitary water in the secondary circuit.
  • the secondary circuit located downstream of the secondary exchanger 18, is provided with a sensor 19 which detects the temperature of the water leaving the sanitary circuit and which sends an associated signal to an electronic control unit, not shown, which correspondingly regulates the boiler power output and causes activation of various boiler components, in particular the burner supply means and the circulation pump 14, in accordance with various operating parameters of the boiler itself, such as, for example, the request or otherwise for sanitary hot water and the temperatures detected in the primary and secondary circuits.
  • a diversion valve 20, of the three-way type, forms a diversion device for diverting the flow of the heating fluid in the primary circuit either towards the heating system or towards the secondary branch.
  • the diversion valve may be located at one of the two ends of the secondary branch 9 of the primary circuit.
  • the diversion valve is located at the end 34 of the secondary branch downstream of the secondary exchanger 18, but according to a variation (not shown) may be located at the other end of the secondary branch 9, upstream of the secondary exchanger.
  • the diversion valve connects the intake of the circulation pump 14 selectively either to a return circuit of the heating system or to the outlet end 34 of the secondary branch 9.
  • the diversion valve 3 is provided with fluid-type activating means comprising a membrane-type pressure-operated valve located at the sanitary water inlet.
  • the diversion valve is provided with activating means of the electric type comprising an electric motor 21.
  • the activating means of the diversion valve are connected to the secondary circuit 15 and are designed to divert the flow of the heating fluid from the heating system to the secondary branch 9 when a request for sanitary hot water is signalled.
  • the boiler 1 also comprises a vessel 22 for storing the heating fluid in the primary circuit, which is inserted in the secondary branch 9.
  • the storage vessel 22 is located between the secondary exchanger and one end of the secondary branch situated in the vicinity of the return branch of the primary circuit.
  • the vessel 22 is located between the secondary exchanger and the diversion valve, is well insulated in order to reduce to a minimum the dispersion of heat into the environment and is provided with heating means which keep the heating fluid contained therein at a predefined temperature.
  • These heating means comprise a source of heat which is independent, in particular independent of the burner.
  • the heating means comprise an armoured electric resistance 23 operating inside the vessel.
  • the heating means are provided with control means which regulate the operation thereof in accordance with the temperature detected inside the storage vessel.
  • the control means comprise PTC resistors which supply heat, automatically adjusting themselves to the desired temperature value.
  • the boiler also comprises other elements of the known type, such as an expansion reservoir 25 with an automatic air-breather valve 26, as well as a safety thermostat 27 for regulating and limiting the temperature of the heating fluid. It is also envisaged using: a microswitch 28 of a manostat 29 of the circulation pump, a one-way valve 30, a pressure-limiting safety valve 31, a microswitch 32 of the manostat associated with the secondary sanitary circuit, and a filling/emptying group 33.
  • the water of the primary circuit (7, 8, 9) contained in the storage vessel is heated during the first sanitary hot water drawing cycle, following which it is kept at the required temperature by the electric resistance which has a low power sufficient to offset the dispersion of heat into the environment.
  • the pressure-operated valve which is located at the sanitary water inlet 16 (where a minimum-throughput obturator 35 with a flow limiter 36 is located) and which controls the diversion valve 20 located on the primary circuit, diverts the flow of the primary circuit from the heating system to the heat exchanger 18.
  • Instantaneously all the hot water contained in the small storage vessel travels around the whole of the primary circuit, passing through in sequence: the diversion valve 20, the pump 14, the primary exchanger 13, the secondary exchanger 18 and the pipes which are immediately heated, finally returning to the vessel 22; this reserve supply of hot water introduced into the primary circuit exchanges heat with the sanitary water inside the secondary exchanger.
  • the storage vessel is located downstream (with respect to the direction of advance of the water flow circulated by the pump 14) of the secondary exchanger so that the hot water contained in the vessel itself travels through practically the whole of the primary circuit before reaching the secondary exchanger.
  • the introduction, into the primary circuit and into the primary exchanger, of the reserve supply of energy consisting of the hot water inside the storage vessel is substantially equivalent to an advanced ignition of the burner with respect to the instant when drawing of sanitary water starts.
  • the present boiler is moreover constructionally simple and low-cost.
  • it does not have any moving parts, but comprises only static components (a vessel and an electric resistance) which, among other things, do not require any maintenance.
  • the storage vessel may advantageously be made of normal carbon steel, which is relatively inexpensive, since the water of the primary circuit, as is known, normally is not corrosive.
  • the present boiler allows immediate production of sanitary hot water, reducing significantly the time required by the burner to overcome the thermal inertia of the water and the various components of the primary circuit, owing to the fact that, at the moment when sanitary water is drawn, the primary circuit is instantly supplied again with the reserve supply of energy contained in the storage vessel.
  • the boiler has relatively small dimensions and a relatively low manufacturing cost.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)
  • Domestic Hot-Water Supply Systems And Details Of Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Control For Baths (AREA)
  • Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)
  • Details Of Fluid Heaters (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Kombikessel zum Heizen und zur Bereitung von Brauchwasser umfassend:
    einen Brenner (2);
    einen Primärkreis (7, 8, 9) für ein Heizmedium umfassend eine Vorlaufleitung (7) und eine Rucklaufleitung (8) zum Anschluss an ein Heizungssystem, sowie eine die Vorlaufleitung (7) mit der Rücklaufleitung (8) verbindende Sekundärleitung (9);
    einen Primärwärmetauscher (13) zur Wärmeübertragung zwischen den Verbrennungsprodukten des Brenners (2) und dem Heizmedium in dem Primärkreis (7, 8, 9);
    eine in dem Primärkreis angeordnete Umlaufpumpe (14);
    einen Sekundärkreis (15) für das Brauchwasser;
    einen in die Sekundärleitung (9) des Primärkreises eingebundenen Sekundärwärmetauscher (18) zur Wärmeübertragung zwischen dem Heizmedium im Primärkreis und dem Brauchwasser im Sekundärkreis;
    ein Steuerorgan (20), welches das umlaufende Heizmedium wahlweise der genannten Sekundärleitung (9) oder dem Heizungssystem zuführt;
    einen Speicherbehälter (22) für das Heizmedium des Primärkreises, der in der genannten Sekundärleitung (9) stromabwärts des Sekundärwärmetauschers (18) angeordnet ist und das in dem Speicherbehälter enthaltene Heizmedium auf einer vorbestimmten Temperatur haltende Heizelemente (23) aufweist, wobei diese Heizelemente (23) Steuer- und Einstellvorrichtungen (24) aufweisen, die abhängig von der Temperatur des in dem Speicherbehälter (22) enthaltenen Heizmediums arbeiten, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannten Steuervorrichtungen Wärme zur Verfügung stellende PTC-Widerstände umfassen, die sich automatisch an den gewünschten Temperaturwert anpassen.
  2. Kessel nach Anspruch 1, bei dem der Behälter (22) zwischen dem Sekundärwärmetauscher (18) und dem Ende (34) der Sekundärleitung (9) in der Nähe der RUcklaufleitung (8) des Primärkreises angeordnet ist.
  3. Kessel nach Anspruch 1, bei dem der Behälter (22) zwischen dem Sekundärwärmetauscher (18) und dem Steuerorgan (20) angeordnet ist.
  4. Kessel nach Anspruch 1, bei dem der Behälter (22) zwischen dem Sekundärwärmetauscher (18) und der Umlaufpumpe (14) angeordnet ist.
  5. Kessel nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die genannten Heizelemente (23) eine separate Wärmequelle aufweisen.
  6. Kessel nach Anspruch 1 oder 5, bei dem die genannten Heizelemente einen in dem Speicherbehälter (22) aktiven bewehrten elektrischen Widerstand (23) umfassen.
  7. Kessel nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem das Steuerorgan (20) elektrische Betätitungsmittel (21) aufweist.
  8. Kessel nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem das Steuerorgan (20) flüssige Betätitungsmittel aufweist.
  9. System zum Heizen und zur Bereitung von Brauchwasser, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es mindestens einen Kessel nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche umfasst.
EP99830117A 1998-03-06 1999-03-05 Kombikessel zum Heizen und zur Brauchwasserbereitung Expired - Lifetime EP0940636B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI9930185T SI0940636T1 (en) 1998-03-06 1999-03-05 Boiler for heating and for producing sanitary hot water

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITPR980016 1998-03-06
IT1998PR000016A IT1306040B1 (it) 1998-03-06 1998-03-06 Caldaia di tipo combinato per riscaldamento e per produzione di acquacalda sanitaria,e procedimento

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0940636A2 EP0940636A2 (de) 1999-09-08
EP0940636A3 EP0940636A3 (de) 2001-09-12
EP0940636B1 true EP0940636B1 (de) 2002-11-06

Family

ID=11396176

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99830117A Expired - Lifetime EP0940636B1 (de) 1998-03-06 1999-03-05 Kombikessel zum Heizen und zur Brauchwasserbereitung

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0940636B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE227409T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69903763T2 (de)
DK (1) DK0940636T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2186315T3 (de)
IT (1) IT1306040B1 (de)
SI (1) SI0940636T1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3825624B1 (de) * 2016-09-14 2022-01-19 Lochinvar, LLC Verfahren und system zur steuerung eines kombinationskessels

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2817610B1 (fr) * 2000-12-05 2004-05-28 Dietrich Thermique Circuit de preparation d'eau chaude sanitaire pour un chauffe-eau ou une chaudiere
GB2444944A (en) * 2006-12-20 2008-06-25 Microgen Energy Ltd Storage combination boiler
DE102020205646A1 (de) 2020-05-05 2021-11-11 Eberspächer Catem Gmbh & Co. Kg Verwendung einer PTC-Heizeinrichtung

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE8915404U1 (de) * 1989-08-24 1990-12-20 Vießmann, Hans, Dr., 3559 Battenberg Wärmetauscher
AT398831B (de) * 1990-12-10 1995-02-27 Vaillant Gmbh Heizeinrichtung mit einem primärwärmetauscher
AT400362B (de) * 1991-11-04 1995-12-27 Vaillant Gmbh Heizgerät mit einem von einer wärmequelle beaufschlagten wärmetauscher
AT398128B (de) * 1992-09-24 1994-09-26 Vaillant Gmbh Umlauf-wasserheizer
EP0916901A1 (de) * 1997-11-11 1999-05-19 IABER S.p.A. Gerät zum Unterbinden von Kesselsteinbildung für Gasheizkessel

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3825624B1 (de) * 2016-09-14 2022-01-19 Lochinvar, LLC Verfahren und system zur steuerung eines kombinationskessels

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SI0940636T1 (en) 2003-06-30
EP0940636A2 (de) 1999-09-08
ATE227409T1 (de) 2002-11-15
ES2186315T3 (es) 2003-05-01
DE69903763T2 (de) 2003-07-03
IT1306040B1 (it) 2001-05-29
DE69903763D1 (de) 2002-12-12
ITPR980016A1 (it) 1999-09-06
EP0940636A3 (de) 2001-09-12
DK0940636T3 (da) 2003-02-17

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