EP0936892B1 - Verfahren zur herstellung von akupunkturnadeln, danach hergestellte nadeln und vorrichtung zur durchführung des verfahrens - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung von akupunkturnadeln, danach hergestellte nadeln und vorrichtung zur durchführung des verfahrens Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0936892B1 EP0936892B1 EP98924231A EP98924231A EP0936892B1 EP 0936892 B1 EP0936892 B1 EP 0936892B1 EP 98924231 A EP98924231 A EP 98924231A EP 98924231 A EP98924231 A EP 98924231A EP 0936892 B1 EP0936892 B1 EP 0936892B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- section
- wire
- handle
- tube
- needle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000001467 acupuncture Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241001631457 Cannula Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000209035 Ilex Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000641 cold extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035876 healing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000008216 herbs Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000036512 infertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61H—PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
- A61H39/00—Devices for locating or stimulating specific reflex points of the body for physical therapy, e.g. acupuncture
- A61H39/08—Devices for applying needles to such points, i.e. for acupuncture ; Acupuncture needles or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21G—MAKING NEEDLES, PINS OR NAILS OF METAL
- B21G1/00—Making needles used for performing operations
Definitions
- the invention is concerned with acupuncture needles, methods for their manufacture and a device for carrying them out the method according to the preambles of claims 1, 4 and 8.
- Acupuncture has been a healing treatment that has been known for millennia, with needles at certain acupuncture points of the body are stabbed in relation to individual Organs are standing.
- Acupuncture procedures are also known where in addition to the mechanical stimuli through the puncture further stimuli to the puncture site be exercised. These include electro acupuncture, at the electrical stimuli are generated and for this purpose Cables are connected to the acupuncture needles, as well the so-called moxibustion, in which heat sources in the form of open Fire or smoldering medicinal herbs at the end of the Acupuncture needles are applied.
- Those in the industrialized nations ever growing popularity of gentle medicine leads to a steadily increasing in the area of acupuncture Demand. Because the needles for sterility as well as cannulas, scalpels, etc., usually only once there is a continuous high demand on acupuncture needles.
- the acupuncture needles are mostly made of high-strength stainless steel wire, e.g. B. cold drawn stainless steel wire according to DIN 17224 material no. 1.4310 with a tensile strength of approx. 2000 N / mm 2 . This material is currently the best compromise in terms of medical compatibility and the mechanical requirements for the needles. Gold and silver are also known as materials for the needle wire.
- All common acupuncture needles have relief and improve handling at the rear end Handle.
- it is wrapped around of the needle wire is formed with copper wire.
- the handles are also made of copper wire manufactured eyelets available on which electrical Contacts for electro acupuncture or small suitable Heat sources for moxibustion can be attached.
- this design of the handle end makes it easier Inserting and pulling out the needles. Wrapping the However, needles with copper wire are very difficult Automate inexpensively because all operations, such as cutting the needle wire, grinding the needle, Transport of the needle etc. with the shortest possible cycle must be carried out. Wrapping the needles with however, the copper wire is time-consuming. Since this step cannot be divided, he determines the cycle time of an automatic manufacturing facility, at least as long as you do not operate several in parallel Wrapping stations operates, which in turn takes the effort significantly enlarged for the manufacturing machine.
- the copper wire handle has for use in moxibustion the disadvantage that the heat transfer is not optimal is because the copper wire only touches the needle wire is applied.
- a plastic sleeve sprayed around the needle wire.
- the plastic handle has a thickening at the end of the handle to improve handling.
- Deformation of the needle, e.g. B. in the form of a Deflection of the needle wire in the area which is from the Plastic handle is overmolded, ensures positive locking after overmolding with the plastic sleeve.
- the FR-A-2 600 530 also describes one with a plastic sleeve provided acupuncture needle. In this case it is at the rear End of the plastic sleeve a round metallic approach to the The needle is connected to an electrical stimulation device.
- Yet another version of acupuncture needles is from the Utility model G 87 16 673 U1 known. It is suggested there to form the handle directly from the needle wire, by dividing the straight part of the needle into several turns without Kern passes over. This form allows a quick and efficient Manufacturing on the principle of spring production, whereby the wire is pressed against a helical forming segment but does not offer the necessary strength for the handle of the acupuncture needles when using them. Rather, the handle can be compared to a coil spring, the slightly elastic to bend and pull out length of the needle. This is a safer and more ergonomic Cannot use acupuncture needles.
- an acupuncture needle and one suitable for its manufacture To provide procedures that are better than were previously suitable for fully automated production, whereby the medical requirements for acupuncture needles, such as good thermal conductivity and safe handling, continue should be preserved, as well as a corresponding device to provide for the implementation of the method.
- a first embodiment is obtained the acupuncture needle according to the invention by the needle wire with an end region of a certain length through the pipe section pushed through and bent to one end of the handle is, the pipe section by radial pressure on the Wire is pressed on.
- the pipe section by radial pressure on the Wire is pressed on.
- the pipe section after inserting the wire end pressed onto it by radial pressure and by axial pressure Deformed pressure to a radially extended handle end.
- the two proposed methods are radial pressing of the pipe section on the needle wire and a deformation process together, through which a rear handle part is generated, against which it is better to press with a finger leaves as against an open pipe section.
- the invention enables fully automatic production with a cycle time of at least 80 acupuncture needles / min on a suitable manufacturing facility, which with relative can be produced with little effort.
- the simplification and acceleration of manufacturing is based insist that the handle of the acupuncture needle by a pressed metallic sleeve is formed, the z. B. made of copper or another suitable material can be.
- the copper sleeves are manufactured as pipe sections.
- the Corresponding seamlessly drawn copper tubes can be used in the dimensions required here (inner diameter 0.3 - 0.5 mm, Outside diameter 1 mm) inexpensively manufactured in large series become. From this, pipe pieces are made in the required length cut to length. These pipe sections or sleeves can be Slightly slide over the needle wire as the hole in the Sleeve can be slightly larger than the needle wire diameter (about 0.5 mm).
- the handle is fixed on the needle according to the invention through reshaping.
- the sleeve comes with appropriate Tools pressed radially onto the needle.
- the sleeve can be pressed axial or radial depressions in the surface be inserted into the sleeve.
- stamping an identifier, such as B. Company logo, batch numbers, type numbers etc. is easily possible.
- a smooth pressing of the Sleeve on the needle is more difficult to realize because of the necessary joints in the pressing tools as a rule Leave traces.
- a smooth sleeve as a handle is also not desirable because the acupuncture needle during the Use is often rotated. For the rotation is a corrugation the sleeve by the pressing tools thus even cheap.
- press tool can e.g. B. uses a slotted adapter sleeve be, which their suitable force introductions Inner diameter reduced.
- the force application should be radial respectively. Three points of force application with a three-part Sleeve have proven to be sufficient.
- a particular advantage of the invention is the simple structure of the pressing tools and the very simple shape of the Sleeve in the form of a cut tube. Another advantage is the very simple construction of a conveyor, which conveys the sleeves into the machine since sleeves Easily sort the same ends, align them into a specific one Have a position.
- the design of the handle end by bending the end region of the needle wire protruding from the rear end of the sleeve into eyelets or coil spring turns is also easy to automate.
- the needle wire is pressed against a corresponding circular segment or helical forming jaw with a corresponding slope.
- This technique is used in the manufacture of springs and is also possible with the very hard but not brittle needle wire. It allows the eyelets or helical spring turns to be shaped much more quickly than the known winding of needles, in which winding tools have to wrap the wire sections previously prepared to the appropriate length around the needles, while in the proposed production method only a translatory relative movement in the direction of the wire between the wire and the wire suitable forming tools is necessary.
- the handle rests on the eyelet of the needle and is thereby secured against axial pulling off.
- ideal conditions for the introduction of heat are given.
- the end of the sleeve is stamped into a suitable shape after being pressed onto the needle wire. This can be a ball, a cone or some other suitable and ergonomic shape. In this version, however, the firm hold between the handle and the needle is achieved only by radial pressing. Due to the surface contact between the handle and the needle, the heat conduction in moxibustion is also better than in the known version wrapped with copper wire.
- the acupuncture needles shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 each exist from a point ground at the front end Needle wire section 10 and one on the rear End pushed on and then radially pressed sleeve 12, which is obtained by cutting off a pipe.
- Either the needle wire and the sleeve 12 are made of metallic Materials, the needle wire z. B. made of stainless steel and the sleeve 12 made of copper, brass or another suitable Material.
- a rear end portion of the needle wire 10 protrudes rearward from the sleeve 12 and is in the 2 to an eyelet 14 and in the versions 1 and 3 to some, for. B. three or four Coil spring turns 16 bent.
- the central longitudinal axis the eyelet 14 or the coil spring turns 16 crosses the Central longitudinal axis of the sleeve 12, and both the eyelet 14 and which are also coil spring windings 16 with respect to the Center longitudinal axis of the sleeve 12 arranged in the center. They form each an extended rear handle end that radially over the sleeve 12 protrudes. Otherwise they differ 1 to 3 only in that the sleeve 12 according to Fig. 1 is smooth cylindrical outside, while at the 2 and 3 with a rotating or axially extending corrugation is provided.
- the needle wire extends 10 not to the rear end of the radial there as well pressed on and with an axially extending Ribbed sleeve 12.
- the grip end is retained of the end portion of the needle wire 10 is the rear end portion the sleeve 12 deformed, namely by axial compression flattened a rear face. During this deformation process the rear opening of the sleeve 12 was largely or completely closed.
- FIG. 5 shows a conventional acupuncture needle for comparison purposes, at the on the back end of the needle wire 10 a copper wire 18 is wound up in this form forms the handle of the needle.
- FIG Acupuncture needles shows as starting materials a supply roll of needle wire 20 and a magazine 22, which has a large number of pipe sections or sleeves 12 contains, which are individually fed from it.
- a feed device 24 gradually pulls needle wire from the Supply roll 20 from.
- the wire is first behind the roll 20 pulled by a straightener 26 and aligned straight.
- the feed device pushes with each feed operation 24 the wire end through one from the magazine fed and z. B. in alignment with an adapter sleeve the straight wire end held sleeve 12.
- the working process ends in the work station designated there with the cutting off of the needle wire 10 by means of a cutting device 30.
- the workpiece is then z. B. by a Rotary indexing table transported to a work station 2, where the copper sleeve 12 by means of an adapter sleeve 32 is pressed onto the needle wire 10 by radial pressure.
- the workpiece arrives after indexing the rotary table in a work station 3, in which the eyelet 14 through a Forming tool 34 in the central position with respect to the central longitudinal axis the sleeve 12 is pressed.
- the rotary indexing table is then ground Needle tip by means of an indicated grinding tool 36. This process is well known.
- the finished acupuncture needle is ejected and then used in to be sterilized and packaged in a conventional manner.
- the needle wire 10 at one point a little to deform, e.g. B. flatten that at the end of the feed step just inserted into the sleeve 12 becomes. This way an even firmer connection can be made can be achieved between the needle wire 10 and the sleeve 12.
- the manufacturing process for the acupuncture needle according to FIG. 4 looks similar to the representation of Fig. 6. It is omitted however, the forming jaw 28. Instead, is a Upsetting or pressing tool, which the sleeves 12th before or after inserting the needle wire 10 and possibly even after the radial pressing at the rear end a radially expanded head deformed.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Rehabilitation Therapy (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Finger-Pressure Massage (AREA)
- Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
- Electronic Switches (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
Description
In der alternativen Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird das Ende der Hülse nach dem Aufpressen auf den Nadeldraht in eine geeignete Form geprägt. Dies kann eine Kugel, ein Kegel oder eine sonstige geeignete und ergonomische Form sein. Bei dieser Version wird allerdings der feste Halt zwischen dem Griff und der Nadel ausschließlich über die radiale Verpressung realisiert. Die Wärmeleitung bei der Moxibustion ist wegen der vorhandenen Flächenberührung zwischen dem Griff und der Nadel ebenfalls besser als bei der bekannten, mit Kupferdraht umwickelten Version.
- Fig. 1 bis 4
- Akupunkturnadeln mit jeweils einer als Griff dienenden, aufgepreßten Hülse und einem durch Verformung gebildeten Griffende;
- Fig. 5
- eine bekannte Akupunkturnadel mit Kupferdrahtwicklung;
- Fig. 6
- eine schematische Darstellung einer Fertigungseinrichtung, mit welcher die Akupunkturnadeln nach Fig. 1 - 3 hergestellt werden können.
Claims (8)
- Akupunkturnadel, bestehend aus einem angespitzten Drahtabschnitt (10), auf dessen hinterem Ende ein einen Griff bildender Rohrabschnitt (12) aus Metall befestigt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Rohrabschnitt (12) auf den Drahtabschnitt (10) radial aufgepreßt ist und das Griffende (14, 16) entweder aus einem sich über den Rohrabschnitt (12) hinaus erstreckenden, gebogenen Endbereich des Drahtabschnitts (10) oder einer Stauchung des hinteren Endes des Rohrabschnitts (12) besteht.
- Akupunkturnadel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die hintere Öffnung des Rohrabschnitts (12) verschlossen ist.
- Akupunkturnadel nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die äußere Mantelfläche des Griffs (12) mit einer Riffelung versehen ist.
- Verfahren zur Herstellung von Akupunkturnadeln nach Anspruch 1 aus Drahtabschnitten (10), auf deren einem Ende ein einen Griff bildender Rohrabschnitt (12) aus Metall befestigt wird und an deren anderem Ende eine Nadelspitze geschliffen wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Drahtabschnitt (10) mit einem Endbereich bestimmter Länge in den Rohrabschnitt (12) geschoben und dieser durch radiales Verpressen mit dem Drahtabschnitt (10) kraftschlüssig verbunden wird, und daß entweder ein durch den Rohrabschnitt (12) hindurchgeschobener Endbereich bestimmter Länge des Drahtabschnitts (10) zu einem Griffende gebogen oder das eine Ende des Rohrabschnitts (12) durch axiales Stauchen zu einem radial erweiterten Griffende verformt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zum Biegen des Griffendes (14, 16) der Drahtabschnitt (10) mit seinem Ende gegen eine derart teilringförmig oder schraubengangförmig konkav gekrümmte Umlenkfläche (28) geschoben wird, daß er zu einer Öse (14) bzw. mehreren Windungen (16) einer Schraubenfeder gebogen wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß beim Verformen des äußeren Teils des Rohrabschnitts (12) zum erweiterten Griffende die Öffnung seiner Bohrung durch Materialverdrängung verschlossen wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Drahtabschnitt (10) in dem Bereich, auf den der Rohrabschnitt (12) aufgepreßt wird, an wenigstens einer Stelle zu einem unrunden Querschnitt deformiert wird.
- Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie eine das Ende eines Drahtvorrats (20) schrittweise geradlinig vorschiebende Vorschubeinrichtung (24), eine aus einem Magazin gespeiste Halteeinrichtung zum Halten jeweils eines Rohrabschnitts (12) aus Metall in der Bewegungsbahn des Drahtendes (10), eine Preßeinrichtung (32) zu dessen radialem Aufpressen auf den Draht (10) sowie eine Stauch- oder Biegeeinrichtung zum Formen des hinteren Endes des Endbereiches des Drahtabschnitts (10) oder des Rohrabschnitts (12) zu einem radial erweiterten Griffende aufweist.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19719421A DE19719421C1 (de) | 1997-05-12 | 1997-05-12 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Akupunkturnadeln, danach hergestellte Nadeln und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
| DE19719421 | 1997-05-12 | ||
| PCT/EP1998/002497 WO1998051256A1 (de) | 1997-05-12 | 1998-04-28 | Verfahren zur herstellung von akupunkturnadeln, danach hergestellte nadeln und vorrichtung zur durchführung des verfahrens |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0936892A1 EP0936892A1 (de) | 1999-08-25 |
| EP0936892B1 true EP0936892B1 (de) | 2004-07-28 |
Family
ID=7828978
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP98924231A Expired - Lifetime EP0936892B1 (de) | 1997-05-12 | 1998-04-28 | Verfahren zur herstellung von akupunkturnadeln, danach hergestellte nadeln und vorrichtung zur durchführung des verfahrens |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0936892B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE271848T1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE19719421C1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO1998051256A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE29912131U1 (de) * | 1999-07-05 | 2000-03-02 | Gehrke, Thomas, Dr., 50668 Köln | Sicherheits-Akupunkturnadel mit fest eingebautem Einstichstopp |
| FR2853553B1 (fr) * | 2003-04-11 | 2006-10-06 | Andre Cohen | Production d'une aiguille d'acupuncture a reservoir par couplage d'un materiau polymere deformable et d'une technologie de surmoulage, pour aspirer et restituer une microdose de produit liquide |
| DE202004005880U1 (de) * | 2004-04-14 | 2004-06-09 | Schwa-Medico, Medizinische Apparate, Vertriebsgesellschaft mbH | Akupunkturnadel |
| CN201150648Y (zh) * | 2008-01-22 | 2008-11-19 | 施建刚 | 针灸针及其封装有该针灸针的针灸管针板 |
| CN108500182B (zh) * | 2018-01-29 | 2019-11-05 | 兰陵县亚泰医疗器械有限公司 | 一种针灸手柄制作装置 |
| CN108186343B (zh) * | 2018-03-13 | 2024-04-02 | 舟山医院 | 一种医用钝弯针 |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE7630360U1 (de) * | 1976-09-29 | 1977-03-24 | Schwa-Medico Medizinische Apparate Vertriebsgesellschaft Mbh, 7851 Binzen | Akupunkturnadeln mit einem griffstueck aus metall |
| CH643135A5 (en) * | 1981-05-26 | 1984-05-30 | Pignons Juracie Sa | Medical needle for acupuncture |
| FR2525473A2 (fr) * | 1981-12-16 | 1983-10-28 | Ohana Gilbert | Aiguille d'acupuncture |
| FR2600530A1 (fr) * | 1986-06-26 | 1987-12-31 | Alain Hascoet | Aiguille a manchon plastique thermolabile destinee a l'usage unique. |
| DE8716673U1 (de) * | 1987-12-18 | 1988-02-04 | Singer Spezialnadelfabrik GmbH, 5102 Würselen | Akupunkturnadel |
| SU1664449A1 (ru) * | 1989-02-27 | 1991-07-23 | Центр Научно-Технического Творчества Молодежи "Икар" | Способ изготовлени хвостовика акупунктурной иглы и устройство дл его осуществлени |
| FR2681265A1 (fr) * | 1991-09-17 | 1993-03-19 | Dromard Jacques | Dispositif et procede de fabrication et de conditionnement d'aiguilles d'acupuncture a usage unique, et produits obtenus. |
| DE29613731U1 (de) * | 1996-08-08 | 1996-10-02 | Streitberger, Konrad, 69126 Heidelberg | Placebo-Akupunkturnadel |
-
1997
- 1997-05-12 DE DE19719421A patent/DE19719421C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-04-28 AT AT98924231T patent/ATE271848T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-04-28 EP EP98924231A patent/EP0936892B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-04-28 DE DE59811716T patent/DE59811716D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-04-28 WO PCT/EP1998/002497 patent/WO1998051256A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1998051256A1 (de) | 1998-11-19 |
| DE59811716D1 (de) | 2004-09-02 |
| EP0936892A1 (de) | 1999-08-25 |
| DE19719421C1 (de) | 1998-10-22 |
| ATE271848T1 (de) | 2004-08-15 |
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