EP0920920B1 - Appareil de revêtement par centrifugation pour le revêtement de disques optiques - Google Patents

Appareil de revêtement par centrifugation pour le revêtement de disques optiques Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0920920B1
EP0920920B1 EP19980309940 EP98309940A EP0920920B1 EP 0920920 B1 EP0920920 B1 EP 0920920B1 EP 19980309940 EP19980309940 EP 19980309940 EP 98309940 A EP98309940 A EP 98309940A EP 0920920 B1 EP0920920 B1 EP 0920920B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzle
substrate
spin
coating apparatus
pointed end
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19980309940
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0920920A2 (fr
EP0920920A3 (fr
Inventor
Seiji Ishizuka
Yoshinobu Katagiri
Tadashi Sugiyama
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fujifilm Holdings Corp
Original Assignee
Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd filed Critical Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd
Publication of EP0920920A2 publication Critical patent/EP0920920A2/fr
Publication of EP0920920A3 publication Critical patent/EP0920920A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0920920B1 publication Critical patent/EP0920920B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C11/00—Component parts, details or accessories not specifically provided for in groups B05C1/00 - B05C9/00
    • B05C11/02—Apparatus for spreading or distributing liquids or other fluent materials already applied to a surface ; Controlling means therefor; Control of the thickness of a coating by spreading or distributing liquids or other fluent materials already applied to the coated surface
    • B05C11/08—Spreading liquid or other fluent material by manipulating the work, e.g. tilting

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a spin-coating apparatus for preparing optical discs.
  • the spin-coating method comprises the steps of dropping a coating liquid onto a central part of a rotating substrate, spreading the liquid outward by centrifugal force to form a coating film on the substrate, splashing off excess of the liquid from the edge of the substrate, and then drying the coating film by evaporating the solvent.
  • optical discs prepared by the spin-coating method are: an optical disc of CD-R type comprising a disc-shaped transparent substrate (hereinafter referred to as "disc substrate” or simply “substrate”), a recording dye layer, a light-reflecting layer, and a protective layer overlaid in order; an optical disc of DVD-R type formed by combining a multi-layered composite (comprising a disc substrate, a recording dye layer, a light-reflecting layer, and if desired, a protective layer overlaid in order) and another disc substrate (protective substrate) with an adhesive so that the recording layer may be placed inside; and an optical disc of DVD-R type formed by combining a pair of the multi-layered composites with an adhesive so that each recording layer may be placed inside.
  • a multi-layered composite comprising a disc substrate, a recording dye layer, a light-reflecting layer, and if desired, a protective layer overlaid in order
  • another disc substrate protecting substrate
  • the recording dye layer and the protective layer are often formed by the spin-coating method.
  • Japanese Patent Publication No. 7(1995)-118094 the preparation process of CD-R type optical discs is described in detail.
  • US Patent Serial No. 5,002,008 discloses a coating apparatus for applying a resist or developing solution to a semiconductor wafer and wherein said apparatus comprises a plurality of specially-designed nozzles.
  • the spin-coating method is generally performed by means of an apparatus described below.
  • a spin-coating apparatus generally comprises an applying device, a spinner head, a round guard wall and an exhaust system.
  • the applying device comprises a nozzle equipped with a pressure tank and a regulating valve for adjusting the amount of a drop of the coating liquid which is given through the nozzle onto the surface of a disc substrate.
  • the spinner head is placed below the applying device to hold the substrate horizontally with a detachable mount, and is rotatable around its axis by means of a driving motor.
  • the coating liquid is dropped from the nozzle onto the rotating substrate horizontally held on the spinner head, and then spread outward to form a coating film on the substrate.
  • the guard wall is provided around the spinner head and the wall has an opening on its top.
  • air is introduced from the opening on the top, made to flow over the surface of the substrate, and then exhausted from a space below the spinner head. Since the exhaust system has an exhaust fan and a regulating valve for adjusting the amount of the exhausted air, the conditions for drying the coating film can be easily varied by adjusting the amount of the exhausted air (i.e., by adjusting the flow rate of the air).
  • the nozzle of the applying device is generally made of stainless steel.
  • the coating liquid is a dye solution for preparing a recording dye layer
  • the nozzle of stainless steel exhibits a small contact angle to the solution. This means that the surface of the nozzle is well wetted with the solution and therefore that the solution well attaches onto the pointed end (leading end) of the nozzle.
  • the solution thus attaching onto the pointed end is liable to easily dry to deposit a solid dye (sediment 53) while the apparatus is continuously used for a long time.
  • Tne sediment formed at the pointed end often causes troubles. For example, the sediment may fall onto the substrate to damage a formed film, and further it may choke the nozzle to prevent the coating liquid from dropping smoothly.
  • some known apparatuses are equipped with cleaning means by which the pointed end of the nozzle is washed and dried.
  • the apparatus having the cleaning means requires a complicated system.
  • the pointed end of the nozzle is regularly cleaned while the production line is stopped at regular intervals.
  • the regular stoppage of the production line lowers the production efficiency, and further film-forming errors are liable to occur while the line is repeatedly stopped and resumed.
  • the coating liquid is prevented from attaching onto the pointed end of the nozzle without either providing the cleaning means or stopping the production line at regular intervals.
  • the inventors had studied about the nozzle of the applying device, and found the following fact. If the pointed end of the nozzle has a surface made of polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon), the coating liquid hardly attaches onto the end. Consequently, the apparatus having such nozzle can keep producing optical discs efficiently for a long time without the troubles.
  • Teflon polytetrafluoroethylene
  • the present invention resides in a spin-coating apparatus for preparing optical discs, comprising
  • the spin-coating apparatus of the invention comprises an applying device, a spinner head, a guard wall and an exhaust system.
  • the applying device has a specific nozzle. Referring to the attached drawings, the spin-coating apparatus of the invention is described below in detail.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic sectional view of a spin-coating apparatus of the invention.
  • the spin-coating apparatus 10 comprises applying device 11, spinner head 13, guard wall 15 and exhaust system 18.
  • the applying device 11 comprises nozzle 12 equipped with a pressure tank (not shown in the figure) and a regulating valve (not shown in the figure) for adjusting the amount of a drop of coating liquid which is given through the nozzle 12 onto the surface of the disc substrate 1.
  • the applying device 11 can be moved from a waiting position to the predetermined position over the substrate 1 by means of a handling mechanism (not shown in the figure).
  • the spinner head 13 is placed below the applying device 11 to hold the substrate 1 horizontally with detachable mount 14, and is rotatable around the axis with a driving motor (not shown in the figure).
  • the coating liquid is dropped from the nozzle 12 of the applying device 11 onto the rotating substrate 1 horizontally supported by the spinner head 13, and then spread outward by centrifugal force to form a coating film on the substrate 1.
  • the excess of the liquid is splashed off from the edge of the substrate 1, and the coating film is dried by removing the solvent.
  • the guard wall 15 is provided around the spinner head 13 and the wall has an opening 16 on its top position. The excess liquid collected on the guard wall 15 is introduced into the drain 17.
  • the exhaust system 18 air is aspirated from the opening 16, made to flow over the surface of the substrate 1, and then exhausted from a space below the spinner head 13. Since the exhaust system 18 has an exhaust fan 19 and a regulating valve (not shown in the figure) for adjusting the amount of the exhausted air, the conditions for drying the coating film can be easily varied by adjusting the amount of the exhausted air (i.e., by adjusting the flow rate of the air).
  • the applying device having the specific nozzle is described below in detail.
  • Figure 2 shows schematic views of an applying device of the invention.
  • (a) is a plan view and (b) is a front elevation.
  • Figure 3 also shows a schematic sectional view of a preferred example of the nozzle.
  • the pointed end and both the inside and the outside within not less than 1 mm of the pointed end have surface made of polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • Typical examples of the nozzle preferably used for the invention are: a nozzle in which the pointed end and the body within not less than 1 mm of the pointed end are made of polytetrafluoroethylene; and a nozzle (shown in Figure 3) in which the pointed end 23 and both of the inner wall surface 24 and the outer wall surface 25 within not less than 1 mm of the pointed end are covered with polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • the former nozzle is, for example, prepared in the following manner. First, the nozzle body except for the end part is beforehand made of stainless steel. After that, the end part (the pointed end and the body within not more than 5 mm of the pointed end) is made of polytetrafluoroethylene. This structure is practically preferred in consideration of strength of the nozzle.
  • the pointed end and the nozzle body within not less than 10 mm of the pointed end are preferably covered with polytetrafluoroethylene. More preferably, the whole surface of the nozzle is completely covered with polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • the thickness of the coating polytetrafluoroethylene covering layer is not particularly restricted, but usually in the range of 5 to 500 ⁇ m.
  • the body of the nozzle is preferably made of stainless steel.
  • the inner diameter of the nozzle generally is in the range of 0.5 to 1.0 mm.
  • the disc 40 in Figure 4 comprises a disc-shaped transparent substrate 1, a recording dye layer 2, a light-reflecting layer 3, and a protective layer 4 overlaid in this order.
  • materials for the substrate include polycarbonate, acrylic resins such as polymethyl methacrylate, vinyl chloride resins such as polyvinyl chloride and vinyl chloride copolymer, epoxy resins, amorphous polyolefins, and polyesters. These materials can be employed in combination, if desired. Polycarbonate is most preferred from the viewpoints of humidity resistance, dimensional stability and economical cost.
  • a pregroove for tracking or giving address signals is preferably formed on the surface of the substrate.
  • the pregroove is preferably formed directly on the surface of the substrate when the substrate is molded from polymer material (such as polycarbonate) by injection or extrusion.
  • the pregroove preferably has a depth in the range of 0.01 to 0.3 ⁇ m and a half-width of 0.2 to 0.9 ⁇ m.
  • the recording dye layer is formed on the disc substrate in the following manner by means of the spin-coating apparatus of the invention.
  • the disc substrate 1 is installed on the mount 14 of the spinner head 13 shown in Figure 1.
  • the substrate 1 is horizontally kept on the spinner head 13.
  • the coating liquid supplied from the pressure tank (not shown in the figure) is introduced to the regulating valve (not shown in the figure) so that the amount may be adjusted to the predetermined volume, and then dropped through the nozzle 12 onto the central part of the substrate 1.
  • the nozzle 12 of the invention since the nozzle 12 of the invention has the surface of polytetrafluoroethylene at the pointed end and on the inside and the outside walls within not less than 1 mm from the pointed end, the coating liquid hardly adheres to the end. Therefore, the coating film can be smoothly formed without troubles caused by the deposited dye.
  • the coating liquid is generally prepared by dissolving a dye in a proper solvent in an amount of 0.01 to 15 wt.%, preferably 0.1 to 10 wt.%, more preferably 0.5 to 5 wt.%, further preferably 0.5 to 3 wt.%.
  • the spinner head 13 is made to rotate at a high speed by a driving motor.
  • the coating liquid is dropped onto the central part of the rotating substrate 1, spread outward to the edge of the substrate 1, and then splashed off from the edge by centrifugal force.
  • the splashed liquid bumps on the guard wall 15 to gather in a gutter provided at the foot of the wall, and the gathered liquid is removed through the drain 17.
  • the film is dried.
  • the coating film (dye recording layer) generally has a thickness of 20 to 500 nm, preferably 50 to 300 nm.
  • the dyes used for the recording dye layer are not particularly restricted.
  • the dyes include cyanine dye, phthalocyanine dye, imidazoquinoxaline dyes, pyrylium/thiopyrylium dyes, azulenium dyes, squalilium dyes, metal complex dyes such as Ni complex and Cr complex, naphthoquinone dyes, anthraquinone dyes, indophenol dyes, indoaniline dyes, triphenylmethane dyes, merocyanine dyes, oxonol dyes, aminium/diimmonium dyes, and nitroso compounds.
  • Preferred are cyanine dye, phthalocyanine dye, azulenium dyes, squalilium dyes, oxonol dyes, and imidazoquinoxaline dyes.
  • Examples of the solvent used for the coating liquid for the dye recording layer include esters such as butyl acetate and cellosolve acetate; ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone and methyl isobutyl ketone; chlorinated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane and chloroform; amides such as dimethylformamide; hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane; ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether and dioxane; alcohols such as ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, and diacetone alcohol; fluorine atom-containing solvents such as 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropanol; and glycol ethers such as ethyleneglycol monomethyl ether, ethyleneglycol monoethyl ether and propyleneglycol monomethyl ether. These solvents
  • the coating liquid may contain, if desired, not only an anti-fading agent and a binder but also auxiliary additives such as an oxidation inhibitor, a UV absorber, a plasticizer and a lubricant.
  • anti-fading agents examples include nitroso compounds, metal complex compounds, diimmonium salts and aminium salts. Those examples are described in Japanese Patent Provisional Publications No. H2(1990)-300288, No. H3(1991)-224793 and No. H4(1992)-146189.
  • binders examples include natural-origin polymers such as gelatin, cellulose derivatives, dextran, rosin and rubber; hydrocarbon polymer resins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene and polyisobutyrene; vinyl polymers such as polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, and vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer; acrylate polymers such as polymethyl acrylate and polymethyl methacrylate; polyvinyl alcohol, chlorinated polyethylene; epoxy resins; butyral resins, rubber derivatives, and thermosetting resins such as prepolymers of phenol-formaldehyde.
  • the binder is generally used in an amount of not more than 20 weight parts, preferably not more than 10 weight parts, more preferably not more than 5 weight parts based on 100 parts of the dye.
  • the substrate may have an undercoating layer on its surface on the recording layer side, so as to enhance surface smoothness and adhesion and to keep the dye recording layer from deterioration.
  • Examples of the material for the undercoating layer include polymers such as polymethyl methacrylate, acrylate-methacrylate copolymer, styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol, N-methylolacrylamide, styrene-vinyltoluene copolymer, chloro-sulfonated polyethylene, nitrocellulose, polyvinyl chloride, chlorinated polyolefin, polyester, polyimide, vinyl acetate-vinyl chloride copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyethylene, polypropylene and polycarbonate; and surface treating agents such as a silane-coupling agent.
  • polymers such as polymethyl methacrylate, acrylate-methacrylate copolymer, styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol, N-methylolacrylamide, styrene-vinyltoluene copoly
  • the undercoating layer can be formed by applying a coating solution (in which one or more of the above-mentioned materials are dissolved or dispersed) onto the surface of the substrate by the known coating methods such as spin-coat, dip-coat, and extrusion-coat.
  • the undercoating layer generally has a thickness of 0.005 to 20 ⁇ m, preferably 0.01 to 10 ⁇ m.
  • the light-reflecting layer is placed so as to enhance the light-reflection in the course of reproduction of information.
  • the light-reflecting material to be used for the formation of the light-reflecting layer should show a high reflection to the laser light.
  • the light-reflecting materials include metals and sub-metals such as Mg, Se, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Re, Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Al, Ga, In, Si, Ge, Te, Pb, Po, Sn, and Bi.
  • Stainless steel film is also employable.
  • Preferred light-reflecting materials are Cr, Ni, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Al and stainless steel film. These materials can be employed singly, in combination, or in the form of alloy. Au, Ag and their alloys are particularly preferred.
  • the light-reflecting layer can be formed on the recording layer by vacuum deposition, sputtering, or ion-plating.
  • the thickness of the light-reflecting layer generally is 10 to 800 nm, preferably 20 to 500 nm, more preferably 50 to 300 nm.
  • a protective layer can be placed so as to protect the recording layer from chemical deterioration or physical damage.
  • the protective layer can be also placed on the substrate on the face not having the recording layer so as to enhance the scratch resistance and the moisture resistance of the disc.
  • the protective layer can be formed of inorganic materials such as SiO, SiO 2 , MgF 2 , SnO 2 , and Si 3 N 4 ; or organic materials such as thermo-plastic resins, thermosetting resins, and UV curable resins.
  • the protective layer can be formed on the light-reflecting layer and/or the substrate by laminating a film of plastic material with an adhesive.
  • the inorganic material can be also placed on the light-reflecting layer and/or the substrate by vacuum deposition or sputtering. Otherwise, the organic polymer material can be coated in the form of a solution containing the polymer material and dried to give the protective layer.
  • the UV curable resin is dissolved in a solvent and coated on the light-reflecting layer and/or the substrate, and cured by applying ultra-violet rays to the coated solution.
  • the coating solution may include various additives such as an anti-static agent, an oxidation inhibitor, and a ultra-violet absorber.
  • the protective layer generally has a thickness of 0.1 to 100 ⁇ m.
  • the undercoating layer and/or the protective layer may be formed by means of the spin-coating apparatus of the invention in the manner described above for forming the recording dye layer.
  • the cyanine dye having the above formula was dissolved in 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropanol to give a coating solution for preparing a recording dye layer (dye content: 2.65 % wt./vol.).
  • a polycarbonate transparent substrate (diameter: 120 mm, thickness: 1.2 mm, Panlight AD5503 (trade name), available from Teijin Limited) was prepared.
  • the substrate had a spirally formed pregroove (track pitch: 1.6 ⁇ m, width: 0.5 ⁇ m, depth: 0.17 ⁇ m) which was produced by the injection molding.
  • the coating solution was then applied onto the substrate surface having the pregroove thereon by means of a conventional spin-coating apparatus comprising an applying device equipped with a stainless steel nozzle (inner diameter: 0.8 ⁇ m).
  • the rotation of the spinner head was varied from 300 r.p.m. to 2000 r.p.m., to form a recording dye layer (thickness at the groove: approx. 200 nm).
  • the conditions for forming the layer were as follows:
  • a light-reflecting layer (thickness: 100 nm) of gold was provided by sputtering.
  • a UV curable photopolymer (UV curable agent: SD-220, available from Dainippon Ink & Chemicals, Inc.) was coated on the light-reflecting layer by means of the conventional spin-coating apparatus. The rotation of the spinner head was varied from 300 r.p.m. to 2,000 r.p.m. to give a coated layer.
  • the coated layer was irradiated with ultra-violet rays for curing to form a protective layer (thickness: 8 ⁇ m).
  • an optical disc of CD-R type comprising the substrate, the dye recording layer, the light-reflecting layer and the protective layer overlaid in order was produced.

Landscapes

  • Manufacturing Optical Record Carriers (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
  • Thermal Transfer Or Thermal Recording In General (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Appareil de revêtement par centrifugation (10) pour préparer des disques optiques, comprenant :
    un dispositif d'application (11) équipé d'une buse (12) qui possède une extrémité pointue pour délivrer une solution de colorant sur un substrat transparent en forme de disque (1),
    une tête de centrifugeuse (13) qui est placée sous le dispositif d'application pour garder le substrat horizontalement et qui peut tourner autour de son axe,
    une paroi de garde (15) fournie autour de la tête de la centrifugeuse, qui possède une ouverture (16) à son sommet et garde à l'intérieur le liquide de revêtement qui est délivré sur le substrat en rotation sur la tête de centrifugeuse, qui s'étale vers l'extérieur et qui éclabousse ensuite autour du substrat, et
    un système d'évacuation (18) dans lequel de l'air est introduit par l'ouverture, est mis en circulation au-dessus du substrat, puis est évacué depuis un espace situé sous la tête de centrifugeuse ;
       dans lequel la buse est réalisée en acier inoxydable, et dont la surface de la paroi est recouverte de polytétrafluoroéthylène au moins à l'extrémité pointue et qui est caractérisée en ce que ledit recouvrement se situe sur les parois interne (24) et externe (25) qui suivent l'extrémité pointue (23), sur une longueur supérieure à 1 mm.
  2. Appareil de revêtement par centrifugation selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le recouvrement de l'acier inoxydable avec du polytétrafluoroéthylène s'étend sur une longueur supérieure à 5 mm.
  3. Appareil de revêtement par centrifugation selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la buse réalisée en acier inoxydable est recouverte de polytétrafluoroéthylène à l'extrémité pointue et sur toutes les surfaces de ses parois.
  4. Appareil de revêtement par centrifugation selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la buse est réalisée en acier inoxydable, et la surface de la paroi est recouverte d'une couche de polytétrafluoroéthylène dont l'épaisseur est comprise entre 5 et 500 µm.
  5. Appareil de revêtement par centrifugation selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le diamètre intérieur de la buse est compris entre 0,5 et 1,0 mm.
EP19980309940 1997-12-04 1998-12-04 Appareil de revêtement par centrifugation pour le revêtement de disques optiques Expired - Lifetime EP0920920B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP35240697A JPH11165115A (ja) 1997-12-04 1997-12-04 光ディスク製造用スピンコート装置
JP35240697 1997-12-04

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0920920A2 EP0920920A2 (fr) 1999-06-09
EP0920920A3 EP0920920A3 (fr) 2000-12-27
EP0920920B1 true EP0920920B1 (fr) 2003-05-07

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EP19980309940 Expired - Lifetime EP0920920B1 (fr) 1997-12-04 1998-12-04 Appareil de revêtement par centrifugation pour le revêtement de disques optiques

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EP (1) EP0920920B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH11165115A (fr)
DE (1) DE69814315T2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005261996A (ja) * 2004-03-16 2005-09-29 Toppan Printing Co Ltd 感光性着色樹脂組成物用の塗布装置及び表示装置用カラーフィルタの製造方法
JP4989370B2 (ja) 2006-10-13 2012-08-01 大日本スクリーン製造株式会社 ノズルおよびそれを備える基板処理装置

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2088748A (en) * 1980-12-10 1982-06-16 Gusmer Corp Replaceable nozzle for a spray gun
US5143552A (en) * 1988-03-09 1992-09-01 Tokyo Electron Limited Coating equipment
US5002008A (en) * 1988-05-27 1991-03-26 Tokyo Electron Limited Coating apparatus and method for applying a liquid to a semiconductor wafer, including selecting a nozzle in a stand-by state
JPH06182274A (ja) * 1992-12-16 1994-07-05 Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd 光線硬化型材料用吐出ノズル
DE9405332U1 (de) * 1994-03-29 1994-07-28 Siemens AG, 80333 München Düse zum dosierten Auftragen von Klebstofftropfen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH11165115A (ja) 1999-06-22
EP0920920A2 (fr) 1999-06-09
DE69814315D1 (de) 2003-06-12
EP0920920A3 (fr) 2000-12-27
DE69814315T2 (de) 2004-01-22

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