EP0918092B1 - Kühlelemente für Schachtöfen - Google Patents
Kühlelemente für Schachtöfen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0918092B1 EP0918092B1 EP98121263A EP98121263A EP0918092B1 EP 0918092 B1 EP0918092 B1 EP 0918092B1 EP 98121263 A EP98121263 A EP 98121263A EP 98121263 A EP98121263 A EP 98121263A EP 0918092 B1 EP0918092 B1 EP 0918092B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cooling element
- cooling
- furnace wall
- shaft furnace
- fastening
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910001060 Gray iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 206010039509 Scab Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
- C21B7/10—Cooling; Devices therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
- F27B1/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
- F27B1/24—Cooling arrangements
Definitions
- the invention relates to a cooling element for with a refractory lining shaft furnaces, in particular Blast furnaces consisting of copper or one low-alloy copper alloy with inside arranged coolant channels.
- Cooling systems for the tank of shaft furnaces, in particular Blast furnaces are in "Stahl und Eisen", 106 (1986), No. 5, pages 205-210, described in detail.
- cooling with so-called cooling boxes in recent years cooling with cooling plates, so-called staves, always made of cast iron and copper enforced more.
- 25 280 is a cooling plate made of gray cast iron known in which the cooling channels through cooling pipes were formed, which were poured into the cast body were.
- the disadvantage here is that to avoid the Carburizing requires a coating of the cooling pipes which is the heat flow from the hot side of the cooling plate or the staves through the stave body and the pipe wall to the cooling water. Staves like that therefore often reached high temperatures at which a Pearlite decay occurs (> 760 ° C); it formed Cracks in the cast body, and after a relatively short time Operating time is the casting material in front of the cooling pipes ablated.
- the so-called copper staves which are known from DE 29 07 511 and are made from rolled copper material, represented a significant improvement, the cooling channels being introduced parallel to the hot side through deep-hole drilling. This results in an undisturbed heat flow that is not impeded by any pipe coating.
- Such copper staves are significantly colder on their hot side than gray cast iron staves, so that - unlike gray cast iron staves - a stable crust of furniture material forms there, which acts as insulation. It happens that copper staves, despite the high thermal conductivity of this material, dissipate less heat from a blast furnace than gray cast iron staves.
- Another advantage of the copper staves is that they can be made thinner (approx. 150 mm) than gray cast iron staves (approx. 250 mm). For a given blast furnace profile, the usable volume increases considerably when using copper staves.
- EP 0 741 190 A1 discloses a cooling plate made of copper or a low-alloy Copper alloy known for shaft furnaces. This has blind holes for that Passing cooling water and vertical arranged around the heat sink Side flanges and horizontal side flanges. Bridges and in between Lying grooves are in the cooling plate in the area of the heat sink on the inside the side facing the furnace for holding refractory material.
- a disadvantage of the known copper staves is that these are still relatively massive and so are heavy and expensive.
- the processing effort is due to the all-round mechanical processing, the Milling grooves, deep hole drilling and through that Welding the pipe connections considerably.
- the Machined material makes up a significant part of the Total weight and only becomes significantly less
- the object of the invention is, in contrast to the well-known copper staves both the material and reduce the processing effort considerably and still a stable, the rough demands in the blast furnace operation to create grown cooling element that itself can be assembled with little installation effort and one Lifetime in at least the same order of magnitude as has a blast furnace system.
- Another object of the invention is through suitable design of the Flow cross section for the cooling water to higher Heating rates for the cooling water to arrive without therefore the minimum speed required for to fall below the cooling water that is necessary to with high thermal loads on the pipe wall to detach and transport away forming vapor bubbles.
- the hot side is designed so that results in a surface on which Crusts from furniture material can adhere well.
- a conventional Cu cooling element usually has four has parallel cooling channels in a copper block run parallel to the hot side Cooling element according to the invention from a suitable chosen length of an extruded or rolled Cu profile, which one or more of contains cooling channels deviating from the circular shape.
- the extruded or rolled profile both adequate rigidity brings with it, through which the rough demands of the Endured blast furnace operation; this applies in particular on the or the fastening ribs on Cooling element on the side facing the furnace Side are arranged. They also serve for Fastening the cooling element to the blast furnace shell.
- the Lateral ridges parallel to the blast furnace shell of the copper cooling elements ensure a comprehensive coverage Protection of the blast furnace shell.
- the copper cooling elements can be installed close to the construction site cut to the correct length and bent become.
- the individual copper cooling elements through the side webs Sawing, abrasive cutting or burning separated or removed, the remaining non-circular Channel cross section bent accordingly and through the Corresponding passage opening in the blast furnace tank guided.
- Via intermediate pipe sections for the cooling water flow the cooling elements to the cooling circuit connected to the blast furnace.
- the one in the furnace and outside Duct cross section back to the cold deformation round cross section.
- Cooling elements To attach the Cooling elements on the tank receive the cooling elements Bores in the ribs running towards the tank; in these ribs grip attached to the furnace Support elements; the connection between the ribs and the support elements are carried out, for example inserted secured dowel pins or bolts. To the mechanical assembly takes place in a known manner a backfilling of the Cu cooling elements with a low heat-conductive refractory mass.
- Cooling element does require a slightly larger one Material and manufacturing costs due to the Joining the box profiles and manufacturing the foot and head pieces, but it is even flatter than the copper cooling elements with the pipe cross section or sections as well as the attached ribs and can therefore be largely adapted to the curvature of the furnace wall.
- the attachment to the furnace wall can be done conventionally Blind holes with threads in the cooling element and through mounting screws going through the furnace done on the outside by welded Cover caps are made gastight.
- Fig. 1 shows a cross section through a cooling element (1) from an extruded or rolled profile section, the inside one or more of elongated cooling channels deviating from the circular shape (2) contains.
- the cooling element (1) has side webs (3) provided on the of the furnace wall (9) opposite side and continuous in the vertical direction Slag ribs (4) arranged. On the the Blast furnace wall (9) facing side is one Fastening rib (5) arranged.
- the cooling element (1) is screwed in by means of bolts (7) Bores (6) of the fastener (8), the Blast furnace wall (9) and the fastening rib (5) attached, the space between the cooling element (1) and blast furnace wall (9) is with a refractory backfill (10) filled out.
- the cooling element (1) are the upper and lower ends of the cooling element (1) with the cooling channel (2) in the direction Blast furnace wall (9) bent through 90 ° and through openings (19) of the blast furnace wall (9).
- the webs (3) and the slag ribs (4) run still vertical and the webs are formed by recesses (18) each with the next cooling element covering the entire area Terminal connection.
- the attachment to the Blast furnace wall (9) is carried out by a bolt (7) through the fastening rib (5) and the fastening element (8) is performed.
- FIG. 3 shows a longitudinal section of the cooling element (1) with the oval cooling duct (2).
- the webs (3) are arranged on both sides of the cooling channel (2).
- the fastener (8) the side of the blast furnace wall (9) an elongated fastening rib (5) is provided on the fastener (8) the side of the blast furnace wall (9) an elongated fastening rib (5) is provided.
- a bolt is through a hole (6) in the fastening rib (5) and the fastening element (8) (7) pushed around the cooling element on the blast furnace wall to fix.
- Fig. 4 shows a top view of another alternative Embodiment of a cooling element (1) that a rectangular cooling element (11) with a groove and a rectangular cooling element (13) with spring, in each of which a cooling channel (12) is incorporated.
- the cooling element (1) is by means of fastening elements (14) attached to the blast furnace shell (9). Between Cooling element (1) and blast furnace shell (9) becomes one ff backfill (10) introduced.
- Fig. 5 shows a side view of one another on the Blast furnace armor (9) attached cooling elements (1, 11, 12, 13).
- the cooling element (1) is in each case by a upper lid (15) and a lower lid (17) with Pipe pieces (16) for the coolant supply and removal covered flameproof.
- Fig. 6 shows a longitudinal section through an assembly Cooling element (1) consisting of a rectangular Cooling element (11) with groove, a rectangular cooling element (13) with spring and an upper and lower Cover (15, 17), each with a pipe section (16), and there is a recess (18).
- the cooling water passes through the pipe section (16) in the lower one Cover (17) and leaves it after flowing through the cooling channels (12) over the upper cover (15), with pipe section (16).
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
- Blast Furnaces (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
- Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)
Description
Ein weiterer Vorteil der Kupfer-Staves ist es, daß diese konstruktiv dünner (ca. 150 mm) ausgeführt werden können als Grauguß-Staves (ca. 250 mm). Bei einem gegebenen Hochofenprofil erhöht sich das Nutzvolumen bei Verwendung von Kupfer-Staves daher erheblich.
- Fig. 1
- einen Querschnitt durch ein Cu-Kühlelement mit Schlackenrippen,
- Fig. 2
- eine Seitenansicht eines Cu-Kühlelements mit Schlackenrippen,
- Fig. 3
- ein Längsschnitt eines Cu-Kühlelements mit Schlackenrippen,
- Fig. 4
- einen Querschnitt durch ein Cu-Kühlelement aus rechteckigen Profilen,
- Fig. 5
- eine Seitenansicht von übereinander angeordneten Cu-Kühlelementen aus rechteckigen Profilen,
- Fig. 6
- einen Längsschnitt eines Cu-Kühlelements aus rechteckigen Profilen,
- Fig. 7
- eine Draufsicht auf den oberen Deckel des Cu-Kühlelements aus rechteckigen Profilen,
- Fig. 8
- eine Draufsicht auf den unteren Deckel des Cu-Kühlelements aus rechteckigen Profilen.
- 1
- Kühlelement
- 2
- ovaler Kühlkanal
- 3
- seitliche Stege
- 4
- Schlackenrippen
- 5
- Befestigungsrippen
- 6
- Bohrung in 5 und 8
- 7
- Bolzen
- 8
- Befestigungselement
- 9
- Hochofenpanzer
- 10
- feuerfeste Hinterfüllung
- 11
- Kühlelement, rechteckig mit Nut
- 12
- Kühlkanal
- 13
- Kühlelement, rechteckig mit Feder
- 14
- Befestigungselement
- 15
- oberer Deckel
- 16
- Rohrstücke
- 17
- unterer Deckel
- 18
- Nut/Aussparung
- 19
- Öffnungen in 9
Claims (11)
- Kühlelement für mit einer feuerfesten Auskleidung versehene Schachtöfen, insbesondere Hochöfen, bestehend aus Kupfer oder einer niedriglegierten Kupferlegierung mit im Inneren vertikal angeordneten Kühlmittelkanälen, wobei das Kühlelement aus einem gewalzten Profilabschnitt besteht und mit seitlichen Stegen (3) versehen ist,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Kühlelement (1) im Inneren mindestens einen von der Kreisform abweichenden Kühlkanal enthält,
daß das Kühlelement (1) auf der von der Schachtofenwand (9) abgewandten Seite in vertikaler Richtung mit mindestens einer durchlaufenden Schlackenrippe (4) und
daß das Kühlelement (1) auf der der Schachtofenwand (9) zugewandten Seite mit mindestens einer Befestigungsrippe (5) ausgerüstet ist. - Kühlelement für mit einer feuerfesten Auskleidung versehene Schachtöfen, insbesondere Hochöfen, bestehend aus Kupfer oder einer niedriglegierten Kupferlegierung mit im Inneren vertikal angeordneten Kühlmittelkanälen, wobei das Kühlelement mit seitlichen Stegen (3) versehen ist,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Kühlelement aus einem stranggepressten Profilabschnitt besteht,
daß das Kühlelement (1) im Inneren mindestens einen von der Kreisform abweichenden Kühlkanal enthält,
daß das Kühlelement (1) auf der von der Schachtofenwand (9) abgewandten Seite in vertikaler Richtung mit mindestens einer durchlaufenden Schlackenrippe (4) und
daß das Kühlelement (1) auf der der Schachtofenwand zugewandten Seite mit mindestens einer Befestigungsrippe (5) ausgerüstet ist. - Kühlelement nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die oberen und unteren Enden des Kühlelementes (1) mit dem Kühlkanal (2) in Richtung Schachtofenwand (9) um 90° gebogen und
daß die oberen und unteren Enden des Kühlelementes (1) von den seitlichen Stegen (3) getrennt sind. - Kühlelement nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Kühlelement (1) auf der von der Schachtofenwand (9) abgewandten Seite in vertikaler Richtung mit zwei oder einer Vielzahl parallel verlaufender Schlackenrippen (4) ausgerüstet ist. - Kühlelement (1) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in die Befestigungsrippe (5) mindestens eine Bohrung (6) eingebracht ist. - Kühlelement (1) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in die Stege (3) eine Aussparung (18) eingearbeitet ist. - Kühlelement nach den Ansprüchen 1 oder 2 - 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Befestigungsrippen (5) der Kühlelemente (1) an Befestigungselementen (8) der Schachtofenwand (9) mittels Bolzen (7) angebracht und die Stege (3) in der Aussparung (18) der Kühlelemente (1) überlappend angeordnet werden. - Kühlelement nach den Ansprüchen 1 oder 2 - 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Befestigungsrippen (5) der Kühlelemente (1) an Befestigungselementen (8) der Schachtofenwand (9) mittels Bolzen (7) angebracht und die Stege (3) der Kühlelemente (1) bündig angeordnet werden. - Kühlelement (1) für mit einer feuerfesten Auskleidung versehene Schachtöfen, insbesondere Hochöfen, bestehend aus Kupfer oder einer niedriglegierten Kupferlegierung mit im Inneren angeordneten Kühlmittetkanälen,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Kühlelement (1) aus einem stranggepressten rechteckigen Profilabschnitt (11) mit Nut an einer Seite und einem stranggepressten rechteckigen Profilabschnitt (13) mit Feder an einer Seite für eine ineinander greifende Verbindung von Kühlelementen besteht,
daß in den Profilabschnitten (11, 13) rechteckige Kühlkanäle (12) angeordnet sind,
daß die Profilabschnitte (11, 13) mit einem oberen Deckel (15) und mit einem unteren Deckel (17) verschließbar sind und
daß in den oberen Deckel (15) und in den unteren Deckel (17) seitlich je ein Rohrstück (16) eingesetzt ist, die mit den Kühlkanälen (12) des Kühlelements (1) verbunden sind. - Kühlelement (1) nach Anspruch 9,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Kühlelement (1) mittels Befestigungselementen (14) an der Schachtofenwand (9) befestigt wird. - Kühlelement (1) nach Anspruch 9,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der obere Deckel (15) und der untere Deckel (17) mit je einer Aussparung (18) versehen ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19751356 | 1997-11-20 | ||
DE19751356A DE19751356C2 (de) | 1997-11-20 | 1997-11-20 | Kühlelemente für Schachtöfen |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0918092A1 EP0918092A1 (de) | 1999-05-26 |
EP0918092B1 true EP0918092B1 (de) | 2003-07-09 |
Family
ID=7849253
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98121263A Expired - Lifetime EP0918092B1 (de) | 1997-11-20 | 1998-11-07 | Kühlelemente für Schachtöfen |
Country Status (15)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6257326B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP0918092B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH11217609A (de) |
KR (1) | KR19990045327A (de) |
CN (1) | CN1080314C (de) |
AT (1) | ATE244772T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU753713B2 (de) |
BR (1) | BR9804728A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2254281A1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19751356C2 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2203870T3 (de) |
RU (1) | RU2210705C2 (de) |
TW (1) | TW410266B (de) |
UA (1) | UA49885C2 (de) |
ZA (1) | ZA9810483B (de) |
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ATE255642T1 (de) * | 1999-04-09 | 2003-12-15 | Sms Demag Ag | Kühlplatte für kühlschachtöfen |
DE10061359C2 (de) * | 2000-12-09 | 2003-01-02 | Didier M & P Energietechnik Gm | Kühleinrichtung für Schachtöfen |
KR100815808B1 (ko) * | 2001-12-26 | 2008-03-20 | 주식회사 포스코 | 용광로의 이중구조 스테이브 냉각장치 |
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LU91455B1 (en) * | 2008-06-06 | 2009-12-07 | Wurth Paul Sa | Gap-filler insert for use with cooling plates for a metallurgical furnace |
LU91454B1 (en) * | 2008-06-06 | 2009-12-07 | Wurth Paul Sa | Cooling plate for a metallurgical furnace |
WO2010076368A1 (en) * | 2008-12-29 | 2010-07-08 | Luvata Espoo Oy | Method for producing a cooling element for pyrometallurgical reactor and the cooling element |
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DE102012004868A1 (de) * | 2012-03-13 | 2013-09-19 | Kme Germany Gmbh & Co. Kg | Kühlelement für einen Schmelzofen |
DE112019006640T5 (de) * | 2019-01-10 | 2021-10-07 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Engine & Turbocharger, Ltd. | Motor und inverter-integrierte rotierbare elektrische maschine |
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DE4446542A1 (de) * | 1994-12-24 | 1996-06-27 | Abb Management Ag | Ofengefäß für einen Gleichstrom-Lichtbogenofen |
DE19503912C2 (de) * | 1995-02-07 | 1997-02-06 | Gutehoffnungshuette Man | Kühlplatte für Schachtöfen, insbesondere Hochöfen |
EP0741190B1 (de) * | 1995-05-05 | 2001-09-12 | SMS Demag AG | Kühlplatten für Schachtöfen |
DE19545048C2 (de) * | 1995-05-05 | 2001-02-01 | Sms Demag Ag | Kühlplatten für Schachtöfen |
DE19644586C2 (de) * | 1996-10-26 | 2000-10-26 | Behr Industrietech Gmbh & Co | Rippenrohrblock für einen Wärmeübertrager |
DE19645390C2 (de) * | 1996-11-04 | 2000-01-13 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Mittel- oder Hochdruckwärmetauscher mit einer wärmedämmenden Verkleidung |
JP3094008B2 (ja) * | 1998-09-07 | 2000-10-03 | 長島鋳物株式会社 | 地下構造物用蓋 |
-
1997
- 1997-11-20 DE DE19751356A patent/DE19751356C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-11-05 TW TW087118406A patent/TW410266B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-11-07 EP EP98121263A patent/EP0918092B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-11-07 DE DE59808968T patent/DE59808968D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-11-07 ES ES98121263T patent/ES2203870T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-11-07 AT AT98121263T patent/ATE244772T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-11-12 US US09/189,909 patent/US6257326B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-11-17 ZA ZA9810483A patent/ZA9810483B/xx unknown
- 1998-11-17 KR KR1019980049147A patent/KR19990045327A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-11-17 AU AU92434/98A patent/AU753713B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-11-18 UA UA98116106A patent/UA49885C2/uk unknown
- 1998-11-19 JP JP10329678A patent/JPH11217609A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-11-19 RU RU98120860/02A patent/RU2210705C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-11-20 CA CA002254281A patent/CA2254281A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-11-20 CN CN98126542A patent/CN1080314C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-11-20 BR BR9804728-0A patent/BR9804728A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CZ310117B6 (cs) * | 2021-03-05 | 2024-08-28 | Inteco Pti S.R.O. | Zařízení pro chlazení hutního zařízení |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE19751356A1 (de) | 1999-06-10 |
AU753713B2 (en) | 2002-10-24 |
KR19990045327A (ko) | 1999-06-25 |
US6257326B1 (en) | 2001-07-10 |
AU9243498A (en) | 1999-06-10 |
EP0918092A1 (de) | 1999-05-26 |
UA49885C2 (uk) | 2002-10-15 |
DE19751356C2 (de) | 2002-04-11 |
DE59808968D1 (de) | 2003-08-14 |
CA2254281A1 (en) | 1999-05-20 |
RU2210705C2 (ru) | 2003-08-20 |
CN1080314C (zh) | 2002-03-06 |
CN1225395A (zh) | 1999-08-11 |
ES2203870T3 (es) | 2004-04-16 |
BR9804728A (pt) | 1999-12-14 |
ZA9810483B (en) | 1999-04-07 |
ATE244772T1 (de) | 2003-07-15 |
JPH11217609A (ja) | 1999-08-10 |
TW410266B (en) | 2000-11-01 |
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