EP0917740A1 - Befestigungselement zum befestigen eines flachen plattenförmigen körpers auf einer unterlage - Google Patents
Befestigungselement zum befestigen eines flachen plattenförmigen körpers auf einer unterlageInfo
- Publication number
- EP0917740A1 EP0917740A1 EP97940067A EP97940067A EP0917740A1 EP 0917740 A1 EP0917740 A1 EP 0917740A1 EP 97940067 A EP97940067 A EP 97940067A EP 97940067 A EP97940067 A EP 97940067A EP 0917740 A1 EP0917740 A1 EP 0917740A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fastening element
- wall area
- fastening
- glued
- solar module
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013464 silicone adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004831 Hot glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013039 cover film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
- E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
- E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
- E04F13/0801—Separate fastening elements
- E04F13/0832—Separate fastening elements without load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements
- E04F13/0833—Separate fastening elements without load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements not adjustable
- E04F13/0841—Separate fastening elements without load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements not adjustable the fastening elements engaging the outer surface of the covering elements, not extending through the covering
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
- F24S25/40—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules using plate-like mounting elements, e.g. profiled or corrugated plates; Plate-like module frames
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
- F24S25/60—Fixation means, e.g. fasteners, specially adapted for supporting solar heat collector modules
- F24S25/61—Fixation means, e.g. fasteners, specially adapted for supporting solar heat collector modules for fixing to the ground or to building structures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
- H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
- H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Definitions
- Fastening element for fastening a flat plate-shaped body on a base
- Solar modules are built on large-area substrates made of glass, for example, and consist of large-area solar cells that are directly generated on the substrate and optionally integrated, or of a large number of individual solar cells that are attached to the substrate, interconnected and, if necessary, weather-resistant with a laminated cover.
- a base which can be a separate frame, a building facade, a building roof or another natural or artificial base.
- Solar modules can have a frame with prefabricated means for fastening the solar modules on the base.
- Solar modules are also known which have bores in the substrate for fastening.
- Frameless solar modules can be attached to a base using suitable adhesive.
- Solar modules with a frame suitable for fastening can only be produced in a costly manner. Fastening solar modules with the help of clamps is time-consuming and does not guarantee a secure hold of the solar module in the clamp. The solar module and terminal must be handled separately. Solar modules with mounting holes are difficult to manufacture, among other things because there is a risk of damage to the solar module when drilling the holes.
- the problem of the present invention is therefore to provide a means with which solar modules and generally also other flat, plate-shaped bodies can be attached to a base in a simple and secure manner.
- the fastening element according to the invention is a z-shaped metal profile made of sheet metal, which is glued along an edge to the body to be fastened.
- the second (lower) horizontal wall area of the z-shaped profile are
- Openings are provided for receiving fasteners.
- the fastening element can be glued onto the body as standard during the manufacture or processing of the body, so that automated production or gluing is possible. This reduces the effort involved in fastening the body, which can be done faster and easier than, for example, with clamps.
- the fastening element according to the invention has a material and thus cost advantage.
- the fastening element can be glued to the body in such a way that the first vertical wall region of the z-shaped profile lies against an edge of the body. In this way, the edge of the body is additionally protected against damage, for example by an impact. This protection is guaranteed as soon as the fastening element has been glued to the body and also protects it during transport if the gluing takes place at a location remote from the base and, for example, during the manufacture or processing of the body.
- the body is arranged between the first horizontal wall area of the z-shaped profile and the base, so that the first horizontal wall area prevents the body from becoming loose
- Pad protects without straining the glue point.
- the fastening element is glued to the underside of the body.
- the adhesive point has sufficient strength and resilience for the secure attachment of the body.
- the fastening element is on the solar module along a first Glued edge that the z-shaped profile projects beyond the adjacent edge of the body. In this way, the fastening element protects two edges or one corner of the body against damage.
- the body has a laminated structure in which the fastening element is laminated.
- the fastening element is laminated.
- no additional work step and also no adhesive is required to glue the fastening element to the body.
- the stability of the laminated structure increases the hold of the fastener on the body.
- Bodies with a laminated structure are, for example, laminated solar modules.
- the fastening element is a metal profile part which has at least one further vertical wall area which includes a perpendicular or obtuse angle with the first horizontal wall area and likewise a right or obtuse angle with the first vertical wall area.
- This further vertical wall area can be arranged on the same side or on the opposite side of the first horizontal wall area as the first vertical wall area. In the latter case, edge protection is obtained even with a fastening element glued to the bottom of the body. In the former case, the fastening element can be glued to a corner of the body and this can be protected against damage from impact.
- This further vertical wall area can be part of a further z-shaped profile and for fastening also have openings in the second horizontal wall area. The body is held on two edges with a fastening element and additionally secured against lateral sliding in two directions.
- the further vertical wall area can be connected to the first z-shaped profile via a common, first horizontal wall area, via the first vertical or via the second (lower) horizontal wall area.
- Figures 1 to 4 show various fasteners in a schematic perspective view
- Figures 5 and 6 show a body with attached fasteners m schematic plan view
- FIGS. 7 to 9 show a body with attached fastening elements in a schematic cross section.
- FIG. 1 shows the simplest embodiment of the invention, in which the fastening element BE is designed as a metal profile part with a z-shaped profile. It has a first horizontal wall area HB1, an approximately vertical wall area VB and a second horizontal wall area HB2 with two openings D, D 'shown here. Preferably one has Opening D 'has a round and the second opening D has an elongated and, for example, oval cross section. However, since the openings are provided for receiving a fastening means, they can also be adapted to this with their cross-section.
- a fastener can be a nail, screw, bolt, rivet, or the like. The type of fastener depends on the type of support on which the body is fastened using the fastener and the fastener. The breakthroughs
- the fastening element is made of metal, for example sheet steel or aluminum sheet. Depending on the type of body to be fastened and the desired strength, it has, for example, a thickness of 0.5 to 5 mm, for example 3 mm stainless steel, or 1 to 5 mm aluminum.
- Figure 2 shows an embodiment with a further vertical wall area VB '.
- This forms a right or obtuse angle both with the first horizontal HBl and with the first vertical wall region VB, each depending on the corner angle and the edge cross section of the body to be fastened.
- the second vertical wall area VB ' is arranged on the same side of the first horizontal wall area HB1 as the first vertical wall area VB.
- Figure 3 shows a similar embodiment as figure 2, but with the difference that here the further Vertika ⁇ le wall portion VB 'opposite to the first vertical Wall area VB points.
- This embodiment is particularly suitable for being glued to the underside of the body to be fastened.
- the further vertical wall area VB 'can then serve as an edge stop on the body.
- Figure 4 shows a fastening element BE, which has a direct wei ⁇ z-shaped section, the z-shaped formed with the first portion forms an angle, which is selected depending on the corner angle of the body.
- the two z-shaped sections are connected via the common horizontal wall area HB1. It is also possible that the two z-shaped sections are connected via the vertical wall area VB ′′.
- FIG. 5 shows a body K with four attached fastening elements BE, which here can be designed in accordance with FIGS. 1, 2 or 3. With the arrangement shown, a firm and secure attachment of the body K to a base is possible. However, with correspondingly large bodies, more than two fastening elements per edge can accordingly be glued to the body.
- the fastening element BE is advantageously glued on such that it projects beyond the abutting edge of the body as shown. A safe transport of a possibly sensitive body, such as a solar module, is already possible, since its corners are thus protected.
- the optimal length for securely attaching a body depends on the edge length of the body and the desired strength.
- K for example solar modules
- a longer body of, for example, 120 cm long is mounted fastening elements BE with at least two loading ⁇ , which can then have, for example, a length of 30cm e.
- F i gure 6 shows a body K with a glued fixing element according to FIG 4, which is applied to two edges of the body and glicht both a safe edge protection for the body during transport as well as a secure attachment of the body on the base erm ö.
- Figure 7 shows a body K with two glued Befe- i st supply elements BE in schematic cross section.
- the fastening elements are glued to the "up" facing surface of the body. After mounting on a base of the body is maintained U so between the first horizontal wall portion HBl and the support.
- a solar module with at least one surface consisting of glass, this surface is preferably used for gluing the fastening element, wherein a silicone adhesive known from facade construction can be used as the adhesive SK.
- the height of the first vertical wall area HB1 can correspond to the sum of the thickness of the body K plus the thickness of the glue point SK or can be chosen larger.
- a fastening of the body K lying on the, for example, flat base U is achieved.
- the body K can be fixed at a clear distance above the base U. This can be advantageous if ventilation of the body is is desired, for example, to cool a solar module during photovoltaic operation, since the efficiency increases at lower temperatures.
- the fastening element BE has a height of 6.2 mm, for example, if the glass substrate is 4 mm, the solar cells 1 mm, the cover 0.2 mm and the adhesive layer 1 mm thick.
- FIG. 8 shows a body K with fastening elements BE glued on “below”. This embodiment is advantageous if only the underside has a surface that is suitable for gluing the fastening element.
- An example of this is a solar module with a structure laminated onto a glass substrate, the points up
- the layer of this laminated structure is a cover film, to which sticking is possible but is less advantageous.
- FIG. 9 shows a body K with a laminated structure LA.
- the fastening element BE can be integrated into the laminated structure when it is manufactured. Since sticky layers are usually used for lamination, for example hot-melt adhesive films for solar modules, this saves the adhesive SK and an additional application step. The strength of the adhesive connection of the fastener on the body is increased.
- the laminated structure can also point downwards.
- the base shown in all versions as a flat surface can also have other shapes, for example a scaffold-like structure.
- the support U can also be vertical or be inclined as desired.
- the term document is not to be understood as an on ⁇ order under the body. Rather, with the fastening element according to the invention, a body can also be fastened from below to an overhanging surface or a ceiling.
- an attachment of any flat body of virtually any desired substrate in any orientation mög ⁇ is Lich.
- the invention finds advantageous application in particular with frameless solar modules, where it enables simple and secure attachment to a base and at the same time offers almost the same mechanical protection for the solar module as a frame.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19632493A DE19632493C2 (de) | 1996-08-12 | 1996-08-12 | Rahmenloses Solarmodul |
DE19632493 | 1996-08-12 | ||
PCT/EP1997/004358 WO1998007196A1 (de) | 1996-08-12 | 1997-08-11 | Befestigungselement zum befestigen eines flachen plattenförmigen körpers auf einer unterlage |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0917740A1 true EP0917740A1 (de) | 1999-05-26 |
Family
ID=7802436
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97940067A Withdrawn EP0917740A1 (de) | 1996-08-12 | 1997-08-11 | Befestigungselement zum befestigen eines flachen plattenförmigen körpers auf einer unterlage |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6082060A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0917740A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2000516399A (de) |
AU (1) | AU4204297A (de) |
DE (1) | DE19632493C2 (de) |
NO (1) | NO320373B1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1998007196A1 (de) |
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DE29805791U1 (de) * | 1998-03-30 | 1998-06-10 | Ufe Solar Gmbh | Indach-Solarkollektorsystem |
US6755003B1 (en) * | 1998-12-11 | 2004-06-29 | Owens Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc. | Resilient construction member |
DE19934769A1 (de) * | 1999-07-23 | 2001-02-08 | Hummel Gmbh | Halteklammer für Befestigungsplatten im Bauwesen |
WO2001011163A1 (en) | 1999-08-11 | 2001-02-15 | Solar Strategies Development, Inc. | Mounting apparatus and photovoltaic mounting system for a solar panel and method of mounting a solar panel |
DE10052538A1 (de) * | 2000-10-23 | 2002-07-18 | Dorma Gmbh & Co Kg | Solarmodul |
US6617507B2 (en) | 2001-11-16 | 2003-09-09 | First Solar, Llc | Photovoltaic array |
US6959517B2 (en) * | 2003-05-09 | 2005-11-01 | First Solar, Llc | Photovoltaic panel mounting bracket |
US20050166383A1 (en) * | 2004-01-31 | 2005-08-04 | Dean Newberry | Roof jack |
US7661512B2 (en) * | 2004-05-12 | 2010-02-16 | Werner Co. | Pump jack and method |
JP2008214875A (ja) * | 2007-02-28 | 2008-09-18 | Sharp Corp | 太陽電池モジュールの取付け構造 |
WO2009029897A2 (en) * | 2007-08-29 | 2009-03-05 | Robert Stancel | Edge mountable electrical connection assembly |
JP2009170826A (ja) * | 2008-01-21 | 2009-07-30 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 太陽電池パネル及び太陽電池パネルの製造方法 |
DE102008013263A1 (de) * | 2008-03-08 | 2009-09-17 | Schott Solar Gmbh | Befestigungssystem für ein plattenförmiges Bauelement auf einem Schrägdach |
DE102008027852A1 (de) | 2008-06-11 | 2009-12-17 | Solartec Ag | Rahmenloses Solarmodul mit mindestens einem verschattungsfreien Befestigungselement |
JP2010045346A (ja) * | 2008-07-24 | 2010-02-25 | Bp Corp North America Inc | 調整可能な連結式ソーラーモジュールおよび設置方法 |
JP4637231B2 (ja) * | 2008-12-15 | 2011-02-23 | シャープ株式会社 | 太陽電池モジュールの設置架台 |
ES2351919B8 (es) * | 2009-07-28 | 2012-05-30 | Abengoa Solar New Technologies, S.A. | Seguidor solar para módulos solares fotovoltáicos de alta concentración de tipo giratorio para cubierta y huertos solares. |
DE202009012685U1 (de) * | 2009-09-18 | 2011-02-10 | Inventux Technologies Ag | Photovoltaik Modul mit Barriereschicht |
US20100132769A1 (en) * | 2009-10-23 | 2010-06-03 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Solar canopy support system |
CN102640299A (zh) * | 2009-11-05 | 2012-08-15 | 欧瑞康太阳能(处贝区市)公司 | 用于固定一安装元件至一光伏模组的方法 |
US9157572B1 (en) * | 2010-03-04 | 2015-10-13 | Mark Ray Merideth | Air conditioner roof support system |
DE202010005490U1 (de) | 2010-05-25 | 2010-07-29 | SCHÜCO International KG | Rahmenloses Solarmodul |
DE102010041161B4 (de) * | 2010-09-21 | 2012-11-08 | Martin Opitz | Solarmodulhalterungsvorrichtung |
US9239173B2 (en) | 2010-09-30 | 2016-01-19 | Apollo Precision (Fujian) Limited | Photovoltaic module support with interface strips |
US9182152B2 (en) | 2010-09-30 | 2015-11-10 | Apollo Precision (Fujian) Limited | Photovoltaic module support with cable clamps |
US9074796B2 (en) | 2010-09-30 | 2015-07-07 | Apollo Precision (Kunming) Yuanhong Limited | Photovoltaic module support clamp assembly |
JP2013258164A (ja) * | 2010-10-01 | 2013-12-26 | Sharp Corp | 太陽電池モジュール及び太陽電池システム |
US8656658B2 (en) * | 2010-10-20 | 2014-02-25 | Miasole | Retainers for attaching photovoltaic modules to mounting structures |
US20150377521A1 (en) * | 2011-03-01 | 2015-12-31 | Jonathan Port | Strap mount for solar panels |
US8776454B2 (en) | 2011-04-05 | 2014-07-15 | Michael Zuritis | Solar array support structure, mounting rail and method of installation thereof |
CN102191841A (zh) * | 2011-04-13 | 2011-09-21 | 泗阳浙阳新型保温防水材料有限公司 | 装饰板扣件 |
DE202011000969U1 (de) * | 2011-04-21 | 2011-06-15 | Fath Solar Group Holding GmbH, 91174 | Solarmodul |
CA2739766C (en) * | 2011-05-10 | 2016-08-23 | Robert Richardson | Roof solar panel for conventional sloping roof and shingle integration |
DE202011101279U1 (de) | 2011-05-31 | 2011-07-26 | Siko Solar Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur Befestigung von Solarmodulen auf der Unterkonstruktion einer Dacheindeckung |
US9093583B2 (en) | 2012-09-19 | 2015-07-28 | Opterra Energy Services, Inc. | Folding solar canopy assembly |
US20140077055A1 (en) | 2012-09-19 | 2014-03-20 | Chevron U.S.A Inc.. | Bracing assembly |
US9093582B2 (en) | 2012-09-19 | 2015-07-28 | Opterra Energy Services, Inc. | Solar canopy assembly |
US9568900B2 (en) | 2012-12-11 | 2017-02-14 | Opterra Energy Services, Inc. | Systems and methods for regulating an alternative energy source that is decoupled from a power grid |
DE102019117665B4 (de) | 2019-07-01 | 2021-03-25 | Sabine Kassner | Bauelement mit photovoltaik |
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-
1996
- 1996-08-12 DE DE19632493A patent/DE19632493C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-08-11 JP JP10509395A patent/JP2000516399A/ja not_active Ceased
- 1997-08-11 AU AU42042/97A patent/AU4204297A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-08-11 EP EP97940067A patent/EP0917740A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-08-11 WO PCT/EP1997/004358 patent/WO1998007196A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-08-11 US US09/242,204 patent/US6082060A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-02-10 NO NO19990627A patent/NO320373B1/no unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of WO9807196A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE19632493A1 (de) | 1998-02-19 |
US6082060A (en) | 2000-07-04 |
JP2000516399A (ja) | 2000-12-05 |
NO990627L (no) | 1999-04-12 |
WO1998007196A1 (de) | 1998-02-19 |
AU4204297A (en) | 1998-03-06 |
DE19632493C2 (de) | 2000-05-18 |
NO320373B1 (no) | 2005-11-28 |
NO990627D0 (no) | 1999-02-10 |
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