EP0907960B1 - Electrode froide pour decharges gazeuses - Google Patents

Electrode froide pour decharges gazeuses Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0907960B1
EP0907960B1 EP98916816A EP98916816A EP0907960B1 EP 0907960 B1 EP0907960 B1 EP 0907960B1 EP 98916816 A EP98916816 A EP 98916816A EP 98916816 A EP98916816 A EP 98916816A EP 0907960 B1 EP0907960 B1 EP 0907960B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
electrode according
emission coating
work function
coating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98916816A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0907960A2 (fr
Inventor
Marcus Thielen
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP0907960A2 publication Critical patent/EP0907960A2/fr
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J9/02—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems
    • H01J9/022—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems of cold cathodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J1/00—Details of electrodes, of magnetic control means, of screens, or of the mounting or spacing thereof, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J1/02—Main electrodes
    • H01J1/025—Hollow cathodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/04—Electrodes; Screens; Shields
    • H01J61/06—Main electrodes
    • H01J61/067—Main electrodes for low-pressure discharge lamps
    • H01J61/0672—Main electrodes for low-pressure discharge lamps characterised by the construction of the electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/04—Electrodes; Screens; Shields
    • H01J61/06—Main electrodes
    • H01J61/067—Main electrodes for low-pressure discharge lamps
    • H01J61/0675—Main electrodes for low-pressure discharge lamps characterised by the material of the electrode
    • H01J61/0677—Main electrodes for low-pressure discharge lamps characterised by the material of the electrode characterised by the electron emissive material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/04—Electrodes; Screens; Shields
    • H01J61/06—Main electrodes
    • H01J61/09—Hollow cathodes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electrode for gas discharges with an electrically conductive material.
  • Cold electrodes are usually on the inside with a coating consisting of mixtures of alkaline earth oxides -after activation called-, provided to reduce the work function (principle of Wehnelt i.J. 1907). Since the oxides are not stable under normal ambient conditions, the carbonaceous emission liners are applied to the electrode base material at low pressure and high temperature, e.g. under annealing of the support material, converted into the corresponding oxides.
  • an electrode of tungsten is known whose emission coating may contain yttrium.
  • US-A-3474280 From the US-A-3474280 is the use of yttrium known as a coating material.
  • the US-A-3474280 but specifies a spectral hollow cathode lamp in which the operating temperature of the cardboard material is so high that the material evaporates and thereby the spectral lines are excited in the steam in front of the cathode.
  • the operating temperatures of hollow cathode vapor lamps are sometimes close to the melting point.
  • the US-A-2943226 discloses that only a small portion of the inner electrode surface may be coated with the active metal throughout the lifetime of the electrode. Thus, the largest part of the electrode surface has a high work function. This low active surface thus also causes a lower surface current carrying capacity of the electrode.
  • the EP-A-0741402 In addition to the explicit field emission as a functional principle, only forms that are not hollow bodies are disclosed. These are only low-temperature cathodes, which can be pump cathodes or wire cathodes according to their type. Furthermore, a nanostructure of the emission layer is described.
  • Object of the present invention is therefore to provide an electrode which is insensitive to the boundary conditions during processing and during the entire life of the gas discharge device low electrical losses - and thus a lower heating - has.
  • the essence of the solution according to the invention is therefore that the coating of the electrode which emits the electrons ("emission coating") is chosen in a special way with regard to their photoelectric work function.
  • This work function should be less than that of the support material of the electrode in the operating temperature range of the electrode, which is typically between 260 and 450 K. Irrespective of the carrier material, the photoelectric work function in the temperature range from 0 to 500 K should be less than 5.6 * 10 -19 Joule / electron.
  • Concretely usable coating materials are yttrium, praseodymium or cerium or mixtures thereof.
  • the photoelectric work function is defined as the photoelectric quantum energy that must be applied per electron to dissolve it out of the electrode (measured in eV / electron or Joule / electron).
  • the electron-emitting layer may consist of metallic or semiconducting substances with lower photo-exiting work than the substrate, instead of the oxides having high photo-exiting activity at low temperatures, often with simultaneous utilization of the hollow-cathode effect known in principle.
  • the electrode is almost independent of the gas atmosphere during fabrication and conditioning; Neither the activating mass can be poisoned nor can an incompletely carried out reaction in the reaction at a later time release reaction products into the atmosphere of the gas discharge space.
  • the electrode of the present invention is substantially safe from mistreatment in preparation and conditioning by e.g. untrained staff. Also, the avoidance of the hitherto necessary, production-technically very complicated preparation process for carbonate mixtures can lead to considerable cost advantages.
  • Oxide mixtures have, thermally stimulated, a low photo-exiting work.
  • thermal electron emission from inhomogeneous, multicomponent, insulating solids whose electronic band structure has indirect transitions lattice vibrations (phonons) are involved in the excitation of the transitions' in the minimum of the band gap (Lit .: eg Joseph Eichmeier, "Modern Vacuum Electronics”; Springer Verlag, Berlin 1981 ).
  • the photo-exiting work could be found as the decisive variable for the losses; it differs from the thermally determined work function under certain circumstances. Since the phonon energy in cold electrodes is considerably lower than in thermally emitting electrodes, no indirect band transitions can be excited with cold electrodes.
  • Coating materials according to the invention have only almost direct band transitions and a small band gap, which make it unnecessary to involve phonons of high energy in the excitation process.
  • the electrode according to the invention is designed as a hollow body, in particular cup-shaped, and the emission coating (3) is located on the inside of the hollow body.
  • the hollow cathode effect can be positively utilized.
  • the hollow body may in particular have the shape of a cup and the emission coating is located on the inside of the hollow body, where the emission of the electrons takes place.
  • the emission coating (3) has a lower photoelectric work function than the remaining surface of the electrode, in particular the outer surface of the hollow body. As a result, a concentration of the electron emission is achieved on the emission coating.
  • the carrier material (1) is provided on the outside of the hollow body with a coating (4), preferably made of nickel or platinum, which has a high photo-exiting work, preferably higher than 8.0 * 10 -19 joule / electron.
  • a coating (4) preferably made of nickel or platinum, which has a high photo-exiting work, preferably higher than 8.0 * 10 -19 joule / electron.
  • the support material may preferably contain metal, in particular iron.
  • the content is particularly preferred that the carrier material consists of the metal.
  • the emission coating (3) may further contain dopants for reducing the photo-exiting work compared to the pure substance, preferably with the dopants, for example calcium, cesium or barium in the concentrations 10 -5 at% to 1 at%. This allows a further reduction of the work function and thus the losses can be achieved by reducing the band gap in the electronic band structure compared to the use of pure substances.
  • dopants for example calcium, cesium or barium in the concentrations 10 -5 at% to 1 at%.
  • a part of the surface of the carrier material (1) is provided with an electrically insulating coating (4) for suppressing an electron or ion current. This has the advantage of completely suppressing electron flow from the outside of the substrate and thereby increasing the life of the electrode.
  • the parts of the electrode which are directed towards the gas discharge can be coated with an electrically insulating, temperature and vacuum-resistant material, preferably ceramic. This has the advantageous effect of preventing the sputtering of the active or supporting material of the electrode from the edge facing the gas discharge.
  • an electrically insulating sleeve (9) which is provided with a collar can also be arranged in the opening of the cavity formed by the electrode such that the collar covers the edges of the opening in the direction of the gas discharge.
  • the gas discharge facing edge of the opening of the cavity formed by the electrode may also be formed such that the electric field gradient is reduced at the opening, preferably by bending or crimping. As a result, a partial reduction of the sputtering rate can be achieved without requiring a further manufacturing element.
  • the electrode may be surrounded by a glass body (8), which may preferably be cylindrical.
  • centering of the electrode in a cylindrical glass body can be achieved to avoid breakage of the glass under mechanical stress (e.g., impact, impact) or unilateral thermal stress, such as e.g. could occur during conditioning of the electrode.
  • the at least partially feldfireie space is formed inside a metallic cup, hollow cylinder or hollow cone.
  • the device according to the invention for the use of existing manufacturing tools for the production of the carrier body in a known per se is suitable.
  • the device according to the invention can furthermore be equipped in such a way that at least on a part of the surface of the carrier material (1) a reactive gas-binding substance (getter) is applied, which is activated, for example, during the conditioning of the electrodes.
  • a reactive gas-binding substance getter
  • the inside of the carrier body (1) is provided with a layer (3) of a material having a low photoelectric work function, e.g. Yttrium, which has been applied by mechanical, chemical and / or physical coating techniques (e.g., press-on, roller, vapor deposition, sputtering, plating, spraying), while the outer surface (4) is exemplified by high photoelectric work function material, e.g. Nickel or platinum, coated.
  • a material having a low photoelectric work function e.g. Yttrium
  • high photoelectric work function material e.g. Nickel or platinum
  • the power supply wires (5) At the closed end of the support body (1), here in the form of a spherical cap, the power supply wires (5) in a conventional manner, e.g. by spot welding, attached.
  • FIG. 2 shows exemplarily a longitudinal section through an electrode according to the invention, installed in a cylindrical glass body (8) in a known per se, as part of a gas discharge vessel, for use in high-voltage fluorescent tubes.
  • the power supply wires (5) in the pinch (6) are fusibly sealed to the glass body (8) fused.
  • An additionally in the squeeze (6) melted glass tube (7) can be used to evacuate the -in Fig. 2 not shown- serve gas discharge vessel.
  • the electrode is usually attached to the gas discharge vessel by means of the glass body (8).
  • FIG. 2 the opening (2) of the carrier body (1) with an insulating guard ring (9), for example made of ceramic, which in a known manner on the carrier body (1) by squeezing, curling, knurling, rolling, etc. is attached.
  • an insulating guard ring (9) for example made of ceramic, which in a known manner on the carrier body (1) by squeezing, curling, knurling, rolling, etc. is attached.
  • guard ring (9) and support body (1) an additional centering ring (10), for example made of mica.
  • the centering ring (10) may deviate from the circular ring shape, for example with notches or similar. be prepared to enter aerodynamically favorable evacuation of the gas discharge vessel through the neck tube (7) to allow.
  • FIG. 3 shows comparative results of measurements of the photoelectric work function of various commercially available electrodes over an embodiment of the invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Discharge Lamp (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Gas-Filled Discharge Tubes (AREA)
  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Electrode froide pour décharge dans un gaz, qui présente un matériau de support (19) électriquement conducteur sur lequel est disposée une couche émettrice, caractérisée en ce que
    - au moins une partie dé l'électrode est configurée comme corps creux,
    - le revêtement émetteur (3) est situé sur le côté intérieur du corps creux,
    - le revêtement émetteur (3) est constitué d'un matériau métallique,
    - le revêtement émetteur (3) contient de l'yttrium, du praséodyme, du cérium ou des mélanges de ces métaux,
    - le côté extérieur du corps creux est doté d'une couche (4) de préférence en nickel ou en platine dont le travail de sortie des photons est élevé et de préférence supérieur à 8,0 x 10-19 joules/électron et
    - l'électrode froide convient pour travailler dans la plage des températures inférieures à 570 K et de préférence inférieures à 420 K, le travail photoélectrique de sortie du matériau du revêtement émetteur (3) étant dans cette partie plus petit que celui du matériau de support (1).
  2. Electrode selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que dans la plage des températures de 200 à 500 K et de préférence de 260 à 450 K, le travail photoélectrique de sortie du matériau du revêtement émetteur (3) est < 5,6 x 10-19 joules/électron.
  3. Electrode selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est configurée en forme de godet, en forme de cylindre creux ou en forme de cône creux.
  4. Electrode selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que le travail photoélectrique de sortie du revêtement émetteur (3) est plus petit que le reste de la surface de l'électrode.
  5. Electrode selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que le matériau de support (1) est un métal et de préférence le fer.
  6. Electrode selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le revêtement émetteur (3) contient des agents dopants qui réduisent le travail de sortie de photons par rapport à la substance pure, de préférence les agents dopants césium, calcium ou baryum ou des mélanges de ceux-ci, à des concentrations de 10-5 % atomiques à 1 % atomique.
  7. Electrode selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'une partie ,de la surface du matériau de support (1) est dotée d'un revêtement (4) électriquement isolant qui diminue le courant d'électrons ou le courant d'ions.
  8. Electrode selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que les parties de l'électrode orientées vers la décharge dans un gaz sont revêtues d'un matériau électriquement isolant qui résiste à la chaleur et au vide, de préférence une céramique.
  9. Electrode selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'un manchon électriquement isolant (9) doté d'un collet est disposé dans l'ouverture de l'espace creux formé par l'électrode de telle sorte que le collet recouvre les bords de l'ouverture en direction de la décharge dans un gaz.
  10. Electrode selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que le bord de l'ouverture de l'espace creux formé par l'électrode et tourné vers la décharge dans un gaz est formé de telle sorte que le gradient du champ électrique soit réduit sur l'ouverture, de préférence par flexion ou rabattement.
  11. Electrode selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que l'électrode est entourée par un corps en verre (8) qui est de préférence cylindrique.
  12. Electrode selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que l'électrode est centrée dans le corps en verre (8) à l'aide d'un anneau (10) en matériau isolant mauvais conducteur de la chaleur, de préférence une céramique ou du mica.
  13. Electrode selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'une substance qui forme un gaz réactif est appliquée sur au moins une partie de la surface du matériau de support (1).
  14. Procédé de fabrication d'une électrode selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les matériaux utilisés pour revêtir le matériau de support (1) sont appliqués sous la forme d'hydrure et de préférence d'hydrure d'yttrium qui, lors du conditionnement des électrodes, sont convertis en leur forme métallique en libérant de l'hydrogène.
EP98916816A 1997-03-05 1998-02-28 Electrode froide pour decharges gazeuses Expired - Lifetime EP0907960B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE29703990U DE29703990U1 (de) 1997-03-05 1997-03-05 Kalte Elektrode für Gasentladungen
DE29703990U 1997-03-05
PCT/DE1998/000595 WO1998039791A2 (fr) 1997-03-05 1998-02-28 Electrode froide pour decharges gazeuses

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0907960A2 EP0907960A2 (fr) 1999-04-14
EP0907960B1 true EP0907960B1 (fr) 2008-02-20

Family

ID=8036992

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98916816A Expired - Lifetime EP0907960B1 (fr) 1997-03-05 1998-02-28 Electrode froide pour decharges gazeuses

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US6417607B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP0907960B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4510941B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN1152411C (fr)
AT (1) ATE387008T1 (fr)
BR (1) BR9805925A (fr)
DE (2) DE29703990U1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1998039791A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (11)

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GB9716640D0 (en) * 1997-08-07 1997-10-15 Smiths Industries Plc Electrode structures and lamps
JP2002289138A (ja) * 2001-03-28 2002-10-04 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 冷陰極蛍光ランプ
CN1879192B (zh) * 2003-11-13 2012-03-21 株式会社新王材料 放电电极用包覆结构和放电电极
JP2005209382A (ja) * 2004-01-20 2005-08-04 Sony Corp 放電灯および放電灯用電極
TWI298509B (en) * 2005-06-27 2008-07-01 Delta Electronics Inc Cold cathode fluorescent lamp and electrode thereof
CN101297452A (zh) * 2005-09-14 2008-10-29 力特保险丝有限公司 充气式电涌放电器、激活化合物、点火条及相应方法
KR101344990B1 (ko) * 2006-04-20 2013-12-24 신에쓰 가가꾸 고교 가부시끼가이샤 도전성 내플라즈마 부재
KR100933492B1 (ko) * 2008-04-17 2009-12-23 스미토모덴키고교가부시키가이샤 냉음극 형광 램프용 전극 부재 및 그의 제조 방법
CN103035455A (zh) * 2010-01-14 2013-04-10 宜昌劲森照明电子有限公司 冷阴极荧光灯电极内涂膜方法
WO2013122633A1 (fr) * 2011-10-18 2013-08-22 Baldwin David A Dispositifs à arc et couples d'arc mobiles
CN103065906B (zh) * 2012-12-18 2015-04-22 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 碳纤维环形阴极的制备方法

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP4510941B2 (ja) 2010-07-28
WO1998039791A2 (fr) 1998-09-11
CN1152411C (zh) 2004-06-02
WO1998039791A3 (fr) 1999-03-04
BR9805925A (pt) 2000-04-25
DE59814169D1 (de) 2008-04-03
DE29703990U1 (de) 1997-04-17
CN1219283A (zh) 1999-06-09
JP2000510996A (ja) 2000-08-22
EP0907960A2 (fr) 1999-04-14
US6417607B1 (en) 2002-07-09
ATE387008T1 (de) 2008-03-15

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