EP0063840B1 - Tube à vide soumis à haute tension et plus particulièrement tube à rayons X - Google Patents

Tube à vide soumis à haute tension et plus particulièrement tube à rayons X Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0063840B1
EP0063840B1 EP82200452A EP82200452A EP0063840B1 EP 0063840 B1 EP0063840 B1 EP 0063840B1 EP 82200452 A EP82200452 A EP 82200452A EP 82200452 A EP82200452 A EP 82200452A EP 0063840 B1 EP0063840 B1 EP 0063840B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
insulator
electrode
conductive part
shielding electrode
vacuum tube
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP82200452A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0063840A1 (fr
Inventor
Horst Dr. Brettschneider
Walter Dr. Hartl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Philips Intellectual Property and Standards GmbH
Koninklijke Philips NV
Original Assignee
Philips Patentverwaltung GmbH
Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken NV
Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Philips Patentverwaltung GmbH, Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken NV, Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV filed Critical Philips Patentverwaltung GmbH
Publication of EP0063840A1 publication Critical patent/EP0063840A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0063840B1 publication Critical patent/EP0063840B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J1/00—Details of electrodes, of magnetic control means, of screens, or of the mounting or spacing thereof, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J1/52—Screens for shielding; Guides for influencing the discharge; Masks interposed in the electron stream
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J35/02—Details

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a high-voltage vacuum tube, in particular an X-ray tube, with an electrode located in its vacuum space which, in the operating state, carries positive high voltage with respect to an electrically conductive part which at least partially surrounds it, the electrode or a part connected to it having the conductive one Part is connected via an insulator.
  • Such a high-voltage vacuum tube is known from DE-OS 2 506 841.
  • the electrode is generally the anode of the high-voltage vacuum tube.
  • the electrode can also be the shaft carrying the same potential as the anode disk and carrying the anode disk.
  • the electrically conductive part is usually the metal tube bulb of such a tube or a part thereof.
  • it can also be a metal cylinder which rotates together with an insulator and the shaft of the rotating anode disc and is connected to the housing of the x-ray tube via a bearing, as is known from DE-PS 2 455 974.
  • the insulator is shaped in such a way that its truncated cone-shaped inner jacket widens in the axial direction from the connection area with the electrode.
  • the shape of the isolator means that discharge processes on the isolator surface are prevented, which could reduce the operational reliability of the tube.
  • the binding energy of gas layers adsorbed on the surface is reduced by the increased temperature of the insulator, so that desorption stimulated by electrons can take place to an increased extent and discharge processes can thereby be initiated (RA Anderson, JP Brainard; Mechanism of pulsed surface flashover involving electron-stimulated desorption, J. Appl. Phys. 51, 1414, (1980).
  • the object of the present invention is to design a high-voltage vacuum tube of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that the described discharge processes are largely prevented even when subjected to high thermal loads.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention by the measures specified in the characterizing part of the main claim.
  • the inventors have recognized that the described discharge processes in the operating state under high thermal stress have their origin in the area of the connection between the insulator and the conductive part, which is exposed to the electric field between the conductive part and the electrode, especially if in this area the insulator is brazed to the electrically conductive part. Because the shielding electrode reduces the electric field in this area, the described discharge processes are largely prevented.
  • the shielding electrode itself cannot become the starting point for the described discharge processes, it must be shaped and arranged in such a way that the electrons emitted by it largely cannot hit the inner surface of the insulator which is exposed to a strong electric field in the operating state.
  • a vacuum tube in the form of a magnetic field tube is already known from US-PS 4205250, with an electrode located in its vacuum space, which is mechanically connected via a cup-shaped insulator to a conductive cylinder surrounding it, in the connection area a shielding electrode is provided between the insulator and the conductive cylinder.
  • magnetrons generate a magnetic field in the axial direction and the electrode has a negative potential with respect to the cylinder. Since the connection between the conductive cylinder or electrode and the insulator takes place with the aid of a ferromagnetic intermediate piece or a ferromagnetic metal connection (Kovar), such a magnetic field tube results in a magnetic leakage flux between the connections mentioned.
  • the shielding electrode which can in principle also be replaced by a shielding electrode in the area of the connection between the electrode and the insulator, must now be shaped in such a way that it cuts the path of the charged particles between the two connection areas and the charged particles on their path on them can hit.
  • the electrode has a positive potential (however) with respect to the conductive cylinder, this shape is disadvantageous from a high-voltage point of view because electrons emitted from the shielding electrode can strike the inner surface of the insulator, where they cause discharge processes on the surface of the insulator.
  • the insulator is shaped in such a way that a cavity which is open between the shielding electrode and the conductive part is enclosed.
  • the area of the connection point between the insulator and the conductive part is largely protected against discharge carriers which run through the gap between the shielding electrode and the insulator in the direction of the electrically conductive part, so that the discharge processes can be prevented particularly effectively.
  • Fig. 1 shows an X-ray tube
  • the piston 1 is made entirely of metal.
  • the piston 1 is essentially rotationally symmetrical.
  • the anode disk 2 has a flattened focal spot path, which is arranged opposite the cathode 3, which is connected via an insulator 4 to a metal cylinder 5, which in turn is connected to the piston having an opening in this area.
  • the anode is held in two places.
  • a pin 6 is provided which is concentric with the axis of rotation and which carries a bearing 7 which is connected to the cylindrical rotor 9 via a ring 8.
  • the pin 6, the bearing 7 and the ring 8 establish a conductive connection between the piston 1 and the rotor 9, so that the rotor is also grounded to the metal piston.
  • the ring 8 and with it the rotor 9 is connected via a further ring 15 to an insulator 11 which is fastened on a shaft 12 carrying the anode disk 2.
  • the supply of the high voltage to the anode takes place via a further bearing 13, which is mounted in an insulator 14 connected to the tubular bulb 1, which has a conical opening 16 for receiving a high-voltage plug.
  • the ball bearing 13 serves to support the shaft 12. The high voltage is thus supplied to the anode disk 2 via the bearing 13 and the shaft 12.
  • the critical area is the area 17 in which the piston 1, the insulator 14 and the vacuum in the tube adjoin one another. This area, which, as the drawing suggests, cannot be limited to one point, but rather concentrically surrounds the shaft 12, is exposed to the electric field between the piston 1 and the shaft 12. If the thermal load is excessive, it can reach temperatures of well over 100 ° C.
  • FIG. 2 shows a part of the metal piston with the insulator 14 in a partially broken-away representation on a larger scale compared to FIG. 1 with the shielding electrode according to the invention.
  • the ring-shaped shielding electrode 18 is located in the immediate vicinity of the end of the insulator, in which the critical region 17 is located, in which the piston 1, the insulator and the vacuum adjoin one another.
  • the shielding electrode is preferably made of pure iron or another metal, e.g. CrNi steel, and is welded concentrically to the shaft 12 on the inside of the metal piston 1.
  • Both the shielding electrode and the insulator are shaped such that they each form a groove-shaped cavity 21 or 20 with the piston 1, which is open towards the insulator or the shielding electrode.
  • This design on the one hand reduces the field strength in the critical area and on the other hand the charge carriers passing through the gap between the shielding electrode 18 and the insulator 14 cannot hit this critical area directly.
  • the gap between the mutually facing ends of the insulator 14 and the shielding electrode 18 is approximately 1 mm. However, it should not exceed 3 mm. However, if it is significantly smaller than 0.5 mm, then very high field strengths result in this gap, which can lead to field emission on the surface of the shielding electrode 18. In addition, the shielding electrode can then be poorly conditioned. If it is significantly larger than 3 mm, then the electric field in the critical area between metal piston 1, insulator 14 and vacuum is hardly reduced by the shielding electrode 18.
  • the shielding electrode is expediently e.g. treated by electropolishing so that there are hardly any emission centers on its surface.
  • the electrode 18 should be arranged so that electrons emitted from it run directly to the shaft 12 and cannot reach the insulator.
  • the shielding electrode is expediently arranged in a reset manner, i.e. its inner diameter is dimensioned such that the frustoconical inner jacket surface of the insulator 14, which extends towards the shielding electrode or its extension, indicated by lines 19, does not intersect the shielding electrode 18.
  • FIG. 3 shows a section of an X-ray tube according to the invention.
  • the mutually facing end faces 22 and 23 of the insulator 14 and the shielding electrode 18 are approximately flat and run approximately perpendicular to the wall of the metal piston 1. This does indeed reduce the field strength in the critical zone between the piston, the insulator 14 and the vacuum, however, charge carriers passing through the gap can reach this zone directly. This embodiment is therefore not quite as effective as that shown in FIG. 2.
  • the shielding electrode 18 is shaped similarly to that in FIG. it encloses with the wall of the piston 1 a groove-shaped, circumferential cavity 21 which is open towards the insulator 14 and into which a comparatively thin end of the insulator 14 projects.
  • the invention has been explained above in connection with a fixed insulator, it can in principle also be used with a rotating insulator. If, for example in FIG. 1, the grounded metal ring 15 were so long that there would be an area or a zone in which the vacuum space, the metal ring 15 and the insulator 11 adjoin one another and into which that between the metal ring 15 and the shaft 12 would intervene effective electrical field, the invention could also be applied accordingly.
  • the insulator is shaped in such a way that the electrons striking in the operating state find an electric field at least on a substantial part of its surface, which moves it away from the insulator surface, because the truncated cone-shaped inner jacket of the insulator extends in the axial direction from the connection area with the Electrode expanded.
  • the invention can also be applied to an insulator arrangement which is provided with a concentric trough and has an insulator part which is enclosed by the trough and carries the electrode, and an outer insulator part which surrounds the trough and with the conductive part (the tubular bulb or the rotor) is connected.
  • the invention is also not limited to rotating anode X-ray tubes. Rather, it can also be used with other X-ray tubes and with other high-voltage vacuum tubes (e.g. neutron tubes).

Landscapes

  • X-Ray Techniques (AREA)

Claims (6)

1. Tube à vide à haute tension, en particulier tube à rayons X comportant une électrode disposée dans sa chambre sous vide, qui conduit une haute tension positive par rapport à une pièce conductrice électrique qui l'entoure au moins partiellement, l'électrode ou un organe lié à cette électrode étant relié à la pièce conductrice par l'intermédiaire d'un isolateur, caractérisé en ce que, dans la région (17) de la jonction entre l'isolateur (14) et la pièce conductrice (1), est prévue, formant avec l'isolateur (14) voisin un espace en forme d'intervalle ou de gorge, une électrode de blindage (18) portant le potentiel de la pièce conductrice (1) et présentant une partie de surface opposée à la paroi interne voisine de la pièce conductrice (1), de sorte que l'intensité de champ électrique dans la région de jonction (17) est diminuée, étant entendu que la dite partie de surface de l'électrode de blindage (18) est conformée d'une manière telle que la plupart des électrons émis par cette partie de surface ne puissent pas atteindre la surface interne de l'isolateur (14).
2. Tube à vide à haute tension suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'électrode de blindage (18) est montée en retrait par rapport à la surface latérale (19) définie par la surface interne de l'isolateur (14) d'une manière telle qu'elle ne soit pas recoupée par le prolongement (19) de la surface interne conique de l'isolateur (14).
3. Tube à vide à haute tension suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'électrode de blindage (18) est façonnée d'une manière telle qu'entre cette électrode et la pièce conductrice (1) soit prévu un vide (21) ouvert vers l'isolateur (Fig. 2).
4. Tube à vide à haute tension suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'isolateur est façonné d'une manière telle qu' entre cet isolateur et la pièce conductrice soit prévu un vide (20) ouvert vers l'électrode de blindage (Fig. 2).
5. Tube à vide à haute tension suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la face de bout (22) de l'isolateur tournée vers l'électrode de blindage est plane et est à peu près perpendiculaire à la paroi (Fig. 3).
6. Tube à vide à haute tension suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la face de bout (23) de l'électrode de blindage tournée vers l'isolateur est plane et est à peu près perpendiculaire à la surface de la pièce conductrice (Fig. 3).
EP82200452A 1981-04-23 1982-04-14 Tube à vide soumis à haute tension et plus particulièrement tube à rayons X Expired EP0063840B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3116169 1981-04-23
DE19813116169 DE3116169A1 (de) 1981-04-23 1981-04-23 Hochspannungs-vakuumroehre, insbesondere roentgenroehre

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0063840A1 EP0063840A1 (fr) 1982-11-03
EP0063840B1 true EP0063840B1 (fr) 1985-10-16

Family

ID=6130684

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82200452A Expired EP0063840B1 (fr) 1981-04-23 1982-04-14 Tube à vide soumis à haute tension et plus particulièrement tube à rayons X

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4499592A (fr)
EP (1) EP0063840B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS57182952A (fr)
CA (1) CA1184231A (fr)
DE (2) DE3116169A1 (fr)
IL (1) IL65554A (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9997981B2 (en) 2014-12-12 2018-06-12 Audi Ag Electric machine

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS60163355A (ja) * 1984-02-03 1985-08-26 Toshiba Corp Ｘ線管装置
CH665920A5 (de) * 1985-03-28 1988-06-15 Comet Elektron Roehren Roentgenroehre mit einem die anode und die kathode umgebenden zylindrischen metallteil.
EP0590418B1 (fr) * 1992-10-02 1996-08-14 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-GmbH Tube à haute tension
DE4241572A1 (de) * 1992-10-02 1994-04-28 Licentia Gmbh Hochspannungsröhre
US6901136B1 (en) * 2003-12-02 2005-05-31 Ge Medical Systems Global Technology Co., Llc X-ray tube system and apparatus with conductive proximity between cathode and electromagnetic shield
JP5278895B2 (ja) * 2008-04-25 2013-09-04 株式会社日立メディコ 陽極接地型ｘ線管装置
US7702077B2 (en) * 2008-05-19 2010-04-20 General Electric Company Apparatus for a compact HV insulator for x-ray and vacuum tube and method of assembling same
US7783012B2 (en) * 2008-09-15 2010-08-24 General Electric Company Apparatus for a surface graded x-ray tube insulator and method of assembling same
WO2012058414A2 (fr) * 2010-10-27 2012-05-03 Schlumberger Canada Limited Isolants en céramique à résistance à couche épaisse pour électrodes de tube haute tension scellées
FR3069100B1 (fr) * 2017-07-11 2019-08-23 Thales Source generatrice de rayons ionisants compacte, ensemble comprenant plusieurs sources et procede de realisation de la source
CN112216584B (zh) * 2020-10-09 2024-05-14 西门子爱克斯射线真空技术(无锡)有限公司 带屏蔽部件的x射线发生器
CN117596759B (zh) * 2024-01-19 2024-04-05 上海超群检测科技股份有限公司 X射线装置

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE695292C (de) * 1937-12-23 1940-08-22 C H F Mueller Akt Ges Drehanodenroentgenroehre mit Hochspannungsschutzmantel
US3728573A (en) * 1972-08-03 1973-04-17 Gte Sylvania Inc Leakage inhibiting shield
DE2455974C3 (de) * 1974-11-27 1979-08-09 Philips Patentverwaltung Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg Drehanodenröntgenröhre
DE2506841C2 (de) * 1975-02-18 1986-07-03 Philips Patentverwaltung Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg Hochspannungs-Vakuumröhre
JPS5427349A (en) * 1977-08-03 1979-03-01 Hitachi Ltd Electron tube

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Naturwissenschaften und Technik, Brockhaus 1983, 3. Band *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9997981B2 (en) 2014-12-12 2018-06-12 Audi Ag Electric machine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH0355933B2 (fr) 1991-08-26
EP0063840A1 (fr) 1982-11-03
CA1184231A (fr) 1985-03-19
US4499592A (en) 1985-02-12
DE3116169A1 (de) 1982-11-11
IL65554A0 (en) 1982-07-30
DE3266898D1 (en) 1985-11-21
IL65554A (en) 1985-04-30
JPS57182952A (en) 1982-11-11

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