EP0063840A1 - Tube à vide soumis à haute tension et plus particulièrement tube à rayons X - Google Patents

Tube à vide soumis à haute tension et plus particulièrement tube à rayons X Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0063840A1
EP0063840A1 EP82200452A EP82200452A EP0063840A1 EP 0063840 A1 EP0063840 A1 EP 0063840A1 EP 82200452 A EP82200452 A EP 82200452A EP 82200452 A EP82200452 A EP 82200452A EP 0063840 A1 EP0063840 A1 EP 0063840A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
insulator
shielding electrode
conductive part
vacuum tube
voltage vacuum
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP82200452A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0063840B1 (fr
Inventor
Horst Dr. Brettschneider
Walter Dr. Hartl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Philips Intellectual Property and Standards GmbH
Koninklijke Philips NV
Original Assignee
Philips Patentverwaltung GmbH
Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken NV
Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Philips Patentverwaltung GmbH, Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken NV, Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV filed Critical Philips Patentverwaltung GmbH
Publication of EP0063840A1 publication Critical patent/EP0063840A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0063840B1 publication Critical patent/EP0063840B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J1/00—Details of electrodes, of magnetic control means, of screens, or of the mounting or spacing thereof, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J1/52—Screens for shielding; Guides for influencing the discharge; Masks interposed in the electron stream
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J35/02—Details

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a high-voltage vacuum tube, in particular an X-ray tube, with an electrode located in its vacuum space which, in the operating state, carries positive high voltage with respect to an electrically conductive part which at least partially surrounds it, the electrode or a part connected to it having the conductive one Part is connected via an insulator.
  • the electrode is generally the anode of the high-voltage vacuum tube.
  • the electrode can also be the shaft carrying the same potential as the anode disk, which carries the anode disk.
  • the electrically conductive part is usually the metal tube bulb of such a tube or a part thereof.
  • it can also be - in the case of rotating anode x-ray tubes - a metal cylinder which rotates together with an insulator and the shaft of the rotating anode disk and is connected to the housing of the x-ray tube via a bearing, as is known from DE-PS 24 55 974.
  • the insulator is usually shaped so that its truncated cone-shaped inner jacket widens in the axial direction from the connection area with the electrode.
  • the Shaping of the insulator ensures that discharge processes on the insulator surface are prevented, which could reduce the operational safety of the tube.
  • the binding energy of gas layers adsorbed on the surface is reduced by the increased temperature of the insulator, so that desorption stimulated by electrons can take place to an increased extent and discharge processes can thereby be initiated (RA Anderson, JP Brainard: Machanism of pulsed surface flashover involving electron-stimulated desorption, J. Appl. Phys. 51, 1414, (1980)).
  • the object of the present invention is to design a high-voltage vacuum tube of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that the described discharge processes are largely prevented even when subjected to high thermal loads.
  • This object is achieved in that in the area of the connection between the insulator and the conductive part a shielding electrode carrying the potential of the conductive part is provided at a short distance from the insulator, which is shaped so that the electric field strength is reduced in the connection area.
  • the inventors have recognized that the described discharge processes in the operating state under high thermal stress have their origin in the area of the connection between the insulator and the conductive part, which is exposed to the electric field between the conductive part and the electrode, especially if in this area the insulator is brazed to the electrically conductive part. Because the shielding electrode lowers the electric field in this area, the described discharge processes are largely prevented.
  • the shielding electrode Even when carefully processed (electropolishing), the shielding electrode itself can have the smallest inhomogeneities which form emission centers in the operating state can. If the electrons emitted from these emission centers run towards the electrode (anode) on the insulator surface, this can in turn result in discharge processes.
  • the shielding electrode is arranged opposite the insulator in such a way that most of the electrons emitted on the surface of the shielding electrode facing away from the conductive part cannot strike the inner surface of the insulator, in particular that Shielding electrode is arranged set back from the outer surface given by the inner surface of the insulator, so that it is not cut by the continuation of the conical outer surface of the insulator.
  • the insulator is shaped in such a way that a cavity open to the shielding electrode is enclosed between it and the conductive part.
  • the area of the connection point between the insulator and the conductive part is largely protected against discharge carriers which run through the space between the shielding electrode and the insulator in the direction of the electrically conductive part, so that the discharge processes can be prevented particularly effectively .
  • FIG. 1 shows an X-ray tube
  • the piston 1 is made entirely of metal.
  • the piston 1 is essentially rotationally symmetrical.
  • the anode disk 2 has a flattened focal spot path, which is arranged opposite the cathode 3, which is connected via an insulator 4 to a metal cylinder 5, which in turn is connected to the piston having an opening in this area.
  • the anode is held in two places.
  • a pin 6 is provided which is concentric with the axis of rotation and which carries a bearing 7 which is connected to the cylindrical rotor 9 via a ring 8.
  • the pin 6, the bearing 7 and the ring 8 establish a conductive connection between the piston 1 and the rotor 9, so that the rotor is also grounded to the metal piston.
  • the ring 8 and with it the rotor 9 is connected via a further ring 15 to an insulator 11 which is fastened on a shaft 12 carrying the anode disk 2.
  • the high voltage is supplied to the anode via a further bearing 13 which is mounted in an insulator connected to the tube bulb 1, which has a conical opening 16 for receiving a high-voltage plug.
  • the ball bearing 13 serves to support the shaft 12. The high voltage is thus supplied to the anode disk 2 via the bearing 13 and the shaft 12.
  • the critical area is the area 17 in which the piston 1, the insulator 14 and the vacuum in the tube adjoin one another. This area, which, as the drawing suggests, is not limited to one point, but concentrically surrounds the shaft 12, is exposed to the electric field between the piston 1 and the shaft 12. If the thermal load is excessive, it can reach temperatures of well over 100 ° C.
  • FIG. 2 shows a part of the metal piston with the insulator 14 in a partially broken-away representation on an enlarged scale compared to FIG. 1 with the shielding electrode according to the invention.
  • the ring-shaped shielding electrode 18 is located in the immediate vicinity of the end of the insulator, in which the critical region 17 is located, in which the piston 1, the insulator and the vacuum adjoin one another.
  • the shielding electrode is preferably made of pure iron or another metal, e.g. CrNi steel, and is welded concentrically to the shaft 12 on the inside of the metal piston 1.
  • Both the shielding electrode and the insulator are shaped so that they each form a groove-shaped cavity with the piston 1, which is open to the insulator or to the shielding electrode.
  • This design on the one hand reduces the field strength in the critical area and, on the other hand, the charge carriers passing through the gap between the shielding electrode 18 and the insulator 14 cannot hit this critical area directly.
  • the gap between the mutually facing ends of the insulator 14 and the shielding electrode 18 is approximately 1 mm. However, it should not exceed 3 mm. However, if it is significantly smaller than 0.5 mm, then very high field strengths result in this gap, which can lead to field emission on the surface of the shielding electrode 18. Furthermore the shielding electrode can then be poorly conditioned. If it is significantly larger than 3 mm, then the electric field in the critical area between metal piston 1, insulator 14 and vacuum is hardly reduced by the shielding electrode 18.
  • the shielding electrode is expediently e.g. treated by electropolishing so that there are emission centers on its surface.
  • the electrode 18 should be arranged so that electrons emitted from it run directly to the shaft 12 and cannot reach the insulator.
  • the shielding electrode is expediently arranged in a reset manner, i.e. their inside diameter is like this. dimension that the frusto-conical inner jacket surface of the insulator 14, which extends towards the shielding electrode or its extension indicated by lines 19, does not intersect the shielding electrode 18.
  • FIG. 3 shows a section of an X-ray tube according to the invention.
  • the mutually facing end faces of the insulator 14 and the shielding electrode 18 are approximately planar and run approximately perpendicular to the wall of the metal piston 1.
  • the shielding electrode 18 is shaped similarly to that in Fig. 2, i.e. it encloses with the wall of the piston 1 a groove-shaped, circumferential cavity which is open towards the insulator 14 and into which a comparatively thin end of the insulator 14 projects.
  • the invention was explained above in connection with a fixed insulator, it can in principle also be used with a rotating insulator. If, for example in FIG. 1, the grounded metal ring 15 were so long that there would be an area or a zone in which the vacuum space, the metal ring 15 and the insulator 11 adjoin one another and into which that between the metal ring 15 and the shaft 12 would intervene effective electrical field, the invention could also be applied accordingly.
  • the insulator is shaped in such a way that the electrons striking in the operating state find an electrical field at least on a substantial part of its surface, which moves it away from the surface of the insulator, because the truncated cone-shaped inner jacket of the insulator extends in the axial direction from the connection area with the Electrode extended.
  • the invention is also applicable to an insulator arrangement which is provided with a concentric trough and has an insulator part which is enclosed by the trough and carries the electrode and an outer insulator part which surrounds the trough and with the conductive part (the tube bulb or the rotor) is connected.
  • the invention is also not limited to rotating anode X-ray tubes. Rather, it can also be used with other X-ray tubes as well as with other high-voltage vacuum tubes (e.g. neutron tubes).

Landscapes

  • X-Ray Techniques (AREA)
EP82200452A 1981-04-23 1982-04-14 Tube à vide soumis à haute tension et plus particulièrement tube à rayons X Expired EP0063840B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3116169 1981-04-23
DE19813116169 DE3116169A1 (de) 1981-04-23 1981-04-23 Hochspannungs-vakuumroehre, insbesondere roentgenroehre

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0063840A1 true EP0063840A1 (fr) 1982-11-03
EP0063840B1 EP0063840B1 (fr) 1985-10-16

Family

ID=6130684

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82200452A Expired EP0063840B1 (fr) 1981-04-23 1982-04-14 Tube à vide soumis à haute tension et plus particulièrement tube à rayons X

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4499592A (fr)
EP (1) EP0063840B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS57182952A (fr)
CA (1) CA1184231A (fr)
DE (2) DE3116169A1 (fr)
IL (1) IL65554A (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1986005921A1 (fr) * 1985-03-28 1986-10-09 Gesellschaft Für Elektronische Röhren Comet Bern Tube a rayons x avec une partie metallique cylindrique entourant l'anode et la cathode
DE4241572A1 (de) * 1992-10-02 1994-04-28 Licentia Gmbh Hochspannungsröhre
US5402464A (en) * 1992-10-02 1995-03-28 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh High-voltage electronic tube
DE102009025841B4 (de) * 2008-05-19 2015-09-17 General Electric Company Vorrichtung für einen kompakten Hochspannungsisolator für eine Röntgen- und Vakuumröhre und Verfahren zur Montage derselben
WO2019011993A1 (fr) * 2017-07-11 2019-01-17 Thales Source generatrice de rayons ionisants compacte

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS60163355A (ja) * 1984-02-03 1985-08-26 Toshiba Corp Ｘ線管装置
US6901136B1 (en) * 2003-12-02 2005-05-31 Ge Medical Systems Global Technology Co., Llc X-ray tube system and apparatus with conductive proximity between cathode and electromagnetic shield
JP5278895B2 (ja) * 2008-04-25 2013-09-04 株式会社日立メディコ 陽極接地型ｘ線管装置
US7783012B2 (en) * 2008-09-15 2010-08-24 General Electric Company Apparatus for a surface graded x-ray tube insulator and method of assembling same
US9384932B2 (en) 2010-10-27 2016-07-05 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Thick-film resistorized ceramic insulators for sealed high voltage tube electrodes
DE102014018449B3 (de) 2014-12-12 2016-06-09 Audi Ag Elektrische Maschine
CN112216584B (zh) * 2020-10-09 2024-05-14 西门子爱克斯射线真空技术(无锡)有限公司 带屏蔽部件的x射线发生器
CN117596759B (zh) * 2024-01-19 2024-04-05 上海超群检测科技股份有限公司 X射线装置

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2222549A (en) * 1937-12-23 1940-11-19 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co X-ray tube
DE2506841A1 (de) * 1975-02-18 1976-08-26 Philips Patentverwaltung Hochspannungs-vakuumroehre, insbesondere roentgenroehre
US4205250A (en) * 1977-08-03 1980-05-27 Hitachi, Ltd. Electronic tubes

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3728573A (en) * 1972-08-03 1973-04-17 Gte Sylvania Inc Leakage inhibiting shield
DE2455974C3 (de) * 1974-11-27 1979-08-09 Philips Patentverwaltung Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg Drehanodenröntgenröhre

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2222549A (en) * 1937-12-23 1940-11-19 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co X-ray tube
DE2506841A1 (de) * 1975-02-18 1976-08-26 Philips Patentverwaltung Hochspannungs-vakuumroehre, insbesondere roentgenroehre
US4205250A (en) * 1977-08-03 1980-05-27 Hitachi, Ltd. Electronic tubes

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1986005921A1 (fr) * 1985-03-28 1986-10-09 Gesellschaft Für Elektronische Röhren Comet Bern Tube a rayons x avec une partie metallique cylindrique entourant l'anode et la cathode
DE4241572A1 (de) * 1992-10-02 1994-04-28 Licentia Gmbh Hochspannungsröhre
US5402464A (en) * 1992-10-02 1995-03-28 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh High-voltage electronic tube
DE102009025841B4 (de) * 2008-05-19 2015-09-17 General Electric Company Vorrichtung für einen kompakten Hochspannungsisolator für eine Röntgen- und Vakuumröhre und Verfahren zur Montage derselben
WO2019011993A1 (fr) * 2017-07-11 2019-01-17 Thales Source generatrice de rayons ionisants compacte
FR3069100A1 (fr) * 2017-07-11 2019-01-18 Thales Source generatrice de rayons ionisants compacte, ensemble comprenant plusieurs sources et procede de realisation de la source
US11101097B2 (en) 2017-07-11 2021-08-24 Thales Compact source for generating ionizing radiation, assembly comprising a plurality of sources and process for producing the source

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1184231A (fr) 1985-03-19
JPH0355933B2 (fr) 1991-08-26
IL65554A (en) 1985-04-30
IL65554A0 (en) 1982-07-30
JPS57182952A (en) 1982-11-11
EP0063840B1 (fr) 1985-10-16
DE3266898D1 (en) 1985-11-21
US4499592A (en) 1985-02-12
DE3116169A1 (de) 1982-11-11

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