Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01G—WEIGHING
  • G01G1/00—Weighing apparatus involving the use of a counterweight or other counterbalancing mass
  • G01G1/18—Balances involving the use of a pivoted beam, i.e. beam balances
  • G01G1/20—Beam balances having the pans carried below the beam, and for use with separate counterweights
  • G01G1/22—Beam balances having the pans carried below the beam, and for use with separate counterweights for precision weighing

Definitions

• the main disadvantage is the friction of the central cutting edge, over 3 cm wide, and the side cutting, over 2 cm wide; this prevents the safe setting of the state of the beat.
• the balance hoist is released, the free swinging around the equilibrium position begins due to the transition from static friction of the stationary cutting edge in the bearing to sliding friction of the rotating cutting edge in the bearing.
• the steel-in-steel combination of cutting edge and bearing proved to be the best material combination.
• the disadvantage of this solution remains even with the best material combination.
• the superimposition of the small force of the interaction of the masses with the greater frictional force at the moment the lever is inclined leads to a particularly low efficiency in measuring this force.
• the torsion balance is often used today for measuring weak forces. It was invented only 200 years ago by MICHELL (1768) and COULOMB (1777). The latter
• CORRECTED SHEET (RULE 91) first improved the compass needle suspension; he later used it to measure the force between electric charges. -If a torsion head that can be rotated at the top is used - see Figure 3 - the torque is easier to determine; but again the frictional force also contributes.- CAVENDISH 1798 used such a solution to generate the force of the interaction between larger masses of 158 kg and smaller masses of 0.73 kg.
• This arrangement creates a visible movement of 2 cm. This occurs when the large and small masses have been rotated closer and closer to each other from about 2 m to about 20 cm. As the approach approaches, the masses begin to oscillate and swing. About half an hour passes before it subsides. The final position of the small masses is then about 2 cm from the initial position. The direct observation of the shift is not possible due to the overlapping free vibrations.
• Exemplary embodiment 1 for the solution according to the invention shows that slow attraction movements of the masses can be measured reliably in a certain direction - with much smaller masses, of only 20 g and 1 kg.
• the disadvantage is the low maximum load, which is related to the use of a thin bending rod for the most sensitive measurement of the load.
• the scale from SALVIONI - drawing 5 - consists of a thin glass rod that is firmly clamped on the side, to which the load is attached. This is e.g. to measure the evaporation rate of essential oils - musk. The change in the weight of the evaporation infoige is read through the visor thread through a microscope.
• the SEABORG scale increases the maximum load by preloading. The practical one
• the second task arises from the fact that a stable lever balance is needed for the solution o, whereby the disadvantages of the usual lever balance cannot be taken over, i.e. reducing the tendency to free vibrations; and avoiding the frictional force.
• the solution according to the invention consists in using an elastic double fiber which acts twice as a tension and bending fiber, both fibers carrying a plate with their tensile force, on which the scale lever and the load rest, the mass of which can be as large as the breaking load , and both fibers with their bending and restoring force sensitively measure the excess weight, like the bending rod of a microbalance, and at the same time weakly stabilize against unwanted swinging and uncontrolled tipping.
• the balance lever hovers horizontally in the state of equilibrium and it tilts overweight, just like the balance bar of an ordinary scale.
• the load-bearing and inclining lever lies between the elastic double fiber, which with its great tensile strength carries a high weight, so that the maximum load is high, and it counteracts the inclination moment of the overweight with its small bending force, which makes it smaller when weighing Masses has the sensitivity of a microbalance.
• Balance lever standing plate (tension plate) the tensile force is transmitted from the ends to the center, on the support plate.
• the train comes as pressure.
• Under the support plate there is a cross plate (guide plate), under which the double fibers guided through holes are firmly anchored. They take up the pressure distributed in the plate again as a tensile force, and transmit the force of the load in the longitudinal direction about 8 ... 10 cm high, where they are fixed in the same way in the upper support plate on the housing of the beat balance. In this way, the weight of the dead mass and the weight of the floating masses must be absorbed, transmitted and transferred.
• the tensile force in the neutral fiber determines the maximum load, the bending force determines the sensitivity of the weighing; the restoring force the stability of the beat.
• double fibers of symmetrical nature must be used - same cross-section, same length, same modulus of elasticity, same attachment, ....
• the bending force remains small with a small inclination due to a small excess weight, which makes the sensitivity high.
• Tractive force and bending force act as independent forces. With the one force a great load in equilibrium is kept in the beat; the change in beat is measured by the other.
• the drawing 1 shows the technical solution schematically; the drawing 7 the same is shown somewhat differently separately.
• Drawings 8, 9, and vO illustrate the method of generating the force of interaction between masses suspended in this arrangement, and masses resting outside them, which are sequentially exchanged for specific locations relative to the floating masses, each time causing different movements
• Drawing 11 shows the implementation of the method with a beat balance, which has been permanently installed in one place for 18 hours, in a corner of a masonry weighing several tons.
• the force of the interaction of the masses can be produced economically with the technical solution described above, because it can be used to move commercially available, handy weights and masses, e.g. 20 g and 1 kg are sufficient to carry out the procedure.
• the suspension of two loads of 20 g is carried out by hanging the masses in the lifting eye under the lower weighing pan.
• the beat balance has the following characteristics: load-bearing fibers with a diameter of 0.08 mm, made of glass fiber reinforced material (leader fiber); initially 80 mm long; they are 2 x 20 g long after the two masses have been suspended; then they keep up in length.
• the supporting fibers are cut to the same length; are inserted into the holes in the holding plate at the top of the housing (glass) and at the bottom in the guide plate, checked for the same length and parallelism, and attached to the underside of the plates.
• the guide plate carries the support plate; this the scale lever; and at the ends sits the hanger with the side fibers, which hold the scales and carry the masses.
• the floating masses are more than 40 times larger than the net mass of 1.8 g.
• the arrangement is safely designed: can carry a much larger main load without causing interference vibrations due to bending. (Fiber, lever and plate system described in: patent application "gravitational field balance".) The efficiency of the arrangement is determined by the comparison of bending and
• the expected gravitational force is less than 1 trillion Newton:
• the bending force of a 0.08 mm thick elastic fiber has a magnitude of about 0.01 millionth Newton for small inclinations below 1 degree.
• the ratio of the gravitational force of the masses and the bending force of the fibers reaches the size of almost 1%
• the visible movement can be produced with small masses, which is easy to handle: as with 20 g, 50 g, 1000 g.
• the force of the interaction of the masses is therefore measured in the following directly by the movement, as it happens - by the overweight that results from the
• Embodiment 2 Generating the change in the beat of two 20 g masses with a resting 1 kg mass
• the state of stable beat is set for two masses of 20 g at the same ° height, about 170 mm below the balance lever by placing the microweights on the weighing pans hanging above.
• the 20 g mass floating closer to the 1 kg mass is pulled up. If the rotation is 0.5 ° of the rotating pointer, the height has changed by approximately 0.18 mm relative to the 0 initial level.
• the second floating 20 g mass hovers the same distance down the same distance to the ground.
• the movement of the rotary pointer is similar to that with which a magnetic needle approaches a magnet that pulls it towards itself.
• the movement can be measured by the following variables:
• the mean magnitude of the energy of the change in the level of the beat is about 0.27 aJ, which can be measured by the mean height of the beat and by the mean force:
• Embodiment 3 measurement of the effect of the force of the mass of a masonry.
• the beat balance was set to the sensitivity of approximately 0.4 mg per 1 ° without load. Then the balance was placed in a corner of the wall.
• Drawing 11
• the distance from the corner was about 1.9 m.
• the direction to the corner and the north-south was about 1.9 m.
• the scale was left; after a while, the slow change in the beating height of both sides was observed: at the beginning, the indicator tipped 0.5 ° initially over a period of approx. 13 minutes (785 s) to the right, southwards - away from the crowd of the masonry.
• the energy that slowly passes between the beat levels is a million times smaller than the energy of light, which is due to the mean force and the distance of the
• the energy is slowly and steadily increasing.
• This small energy is enough to keep the movement stable over a period of more than 18 hours.

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
• Stringed Musical Instruments (AREA)
• Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

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• 1996
  • 1996-12-06 EP EP96946172A patent/EP0901612A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1996-12-06 WO PCT/DE1996/002339 patent/WO1998015802A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1996-12-06 EA EA199900134A patent/EA001117B1/ru unknown

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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