EP0898026A2 - Prefabricated house - Google Patents

Abstract

The upper side (20) of the lowermost floor plate (16,18) has a smooth finish and particularly on its upper side has a cavity (26) at least one an outer edge and running parallel to the edge. The floor plate (16) on its under side is concealed with insulating material (22) and at least two of its corners are inclined. A foundation module consists (12) of a concrete prefabricated component with a trapezoidal cross-section and having a tooth arrangement on its two face sides. A roof component consists of a concrete plate, into the upper side of which at least one grid support is cast. On the upper side of the grid at least one further plate, preferably of wood, is arranged.

Description

The present invention relates to a prefabricated house consisting of several plate-like Prefabricated elements made of concrete or brick that serve as walls and / or blankets.

Such prefabricated houses are generally known and allow one inexpensive and quick building of houses. Due to the prefabricated construction can the walls and ceilings of such a prefabricated house as far as possible are prefabricated, so that only the assembly on the construction site the plate-like parts must be done.

It is the problem (task) on which the invention is based, a prefabricated house as well as creating parts for this, in a short amount of time and inexpensively can be created.

This object is achieved by the features of claim 1 and in particular in that in the prefabricated house as the bottom floor plate at least one structural load-bearing element made of concrete is provided is, whose top facing the interior of the house in smooth Exposed concrete is formed.

According to the lowest bottom plate, that is the immediate plate above the ground not in a conventional way poured in in-situ concrete. Rather, a prefabricated element is also used here, that can be prefabricated. Since according to the invention the top of this Floor slab is formed in smooth exposed concrete, can without this further intermediate treatment, i.e. without laying a screed or the like, directly the floor covering (tiles, parquet or the like) be applied. Thus, according to the invention, there is no need to create the base plate in in-situ concrete and applying another layer of material, which enables the laying of floor coverings.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention are in the description, the drawings and the subclaims.

According to a first advantageous embodiment, the base plate can be laminated on the underside with insulating material. This will keep the Advantages of the base plate according to the invention, namely the inexpensive Manufacturing and the ability to apply flooring directly. At the same time, however, it is for heat and / or moisture insulation worried.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the base plate has on its upper side at least on an outer edge parallel to the Recess extending outside edge. Such a deepening or too Step enables the placement of a wall element, the one in the area the deepening level serves to open one from the outside absorb the earth pressure acting on the wall element.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, there are at least two corners beveled the base plate, with a in the area of the bevels Fastening device is attached to the base plate. At this Embodiment can on the one hand the fastening devices of the base plate remain even if this is butt to butt with a or several other floor slabs. On the other hand enables the provision of the fastening devices at the corners of the base plate a simple turning (e.g. with the help of a crane) what has advantages in manufacturing. If at all four corners of the Base plate fasteners are provided, this can be on the one hand when lifting out of a mold by means of two juxtaposed ones Turn fastening devices slightly. On the other hand, can the bottom plate by using all four fasteners easily transported and moved.

It is particularly advantageous if on at least one end face of the base plate a recess is provided. This allows the transition between the floor slab and other precast concrete in the Fill in the recess, creating a connection between the prefabricated elements can be manufactured.

The base plate according to the invention is a statically load-bearing prefabricated element trained, that is, the reinforcement of the base plate is selected that all occurring forces and loads are absorbed can.

According to another aspect of the present invention is a foundation module provided for the base plate according to the invention, the as Precast concrete element is formed, has a trapezoidal cross-section and has a toothing on both ends. With such Foundation modules can easily be a foundation for the floor slab by using individual foundation modules with their End faces are put together to form a strip foundation. Due to the toothing provided on the end face there is a Moving individual modules excluded.

The trapezoidal cross section of the foundation module according to the invention ensures a large contact area on the one hand, but enables on the other hand (compared to a rectangular cross section) a weight and Material savings. The foundation modules can be straight pieces or be formed as corner elements, which also in the area of the corners a quick creation of foundations is possible. The invention Foundation modules are manufactured in standard lengths, so that foundations can be created for any floor plans. If the the floor plan requested by the customer due to the standard elements can be brought about, individual modules that can be closed of the foundation are required, manufactured according to customer requirements.

According to a further aspect of the present invention, this relates to a Roof element, which completely dispenses with a conventional one Roof structure allows, reducing manufacturing times and costs can be saved.

The roof element according to the invention consists of a thin concrete slab, at least one lattice girder is cast in on the upper side thereof. On A further plate is arranged on the top of the lattice girder, which is preferably is made of wood.

The roof element according to the invention is self-supporting and can be conventional Be covered with tiles, so that optically no Difference from a construction with a conventional roof structure can be seen is. The roof element according to the invention has a very low weight and good static properties.

It when the concrete slab of the roof element is a particularly advantageous Thickness of about 40 to 120 mm, preferably 50 to 70 mm, because this ensures the required stability with low weight is. The lattice girder cast with the concrete slab is preferably protected against corrosion, for example galvanized, and thus has a long service life.

According to a further advantageous embodiment are in the concrete slab Cast in spacers and fasteners to which the further Plate and an end cover are attached. In this way the roof element can be produced inexpensively and in a short time because the other plate, for example a chipboard, only on the spacers placed and attached to this. By the Pouring additional fasteners can be front covers also assemble quickly.

It is also advantageous if a counter battens on the top of the chipboard is fixed, because in this case the roofer does not have any more Precautions must be taken to match the size of the roof tiles Install battens on the roof.

The end faces of the roof element according to the invention are preferred sealed with a cover to prevent dirt and dirt from entering To prevent animals and to enable an appealing appearance. in the The area of the eaves can be between the concrete slab and the chipboard several sleeves open to the outside are attached, inserted into the wooden beams can be. This allows the eaves area of the roof create a supernatant that is not externally different from a conventional one Construction differs.

The interior of the roof element is preferably mineral or filled with non-mineral insulation material to ensure good thermal insulation to reach. For moisture insulation is preferably on the other Plate provided a moisture barrier open to the outside.

It is particularly advantageous if the visible side of the concrete slab of the roof element is carried out in exposed concrete, since in this case after laying the inside of the roof can be painted or wallpapered immediately, without the need for cladding or the like. There moreover when using the roof element according to the invention there is no need for a conventional roof beam construction Beams are boarded, which also increases the room height.

According to another aspect of the present invention is an assembly anchor provided for fastening a support element. Such mounting anchors are basically known and serve to form a wall element to be supported on a floor or ceiling until it is finally installed is. For this purpose, the well-known assembly anchors on the Screwed floor or ceiling plate. However, this has the disadvantage that the base plate or the ceiling element must be drilled. At a Floor slab made of in-situ concrete is not a disadvantage as this is anyway must be covered with a screed and the like. Using However, this is not desirable for the base plate according to the invention.

The mounting anchor of the present invention is therefore designed that it can be inserted in recesses on the end faces the base plates are present. Such recesses are usually used Concrete poured to create a connection between each Manufacture precast elements.

The assembly anchor according to the invention essentially consists of a rectangular locking element, which with a placed on the base plates Counter plate can be clamped, with at least one fastening element is provided on the counter plate to which the support element can be fastened is. With the mounting anchor according to the invention, support elements can be attach to floor slabs without making a hole must become. Since the locking element is essentially rectangular is formed, this can be in the abutting between two abutting Base plate formed recess used and then can be rotated by 90 °, whereby the locking element on the undercuts of the two base plates. By bracing the Counter plate with the locking element, the mounting anchor is firmly held.

The fastening element preferably has a slotted bolt and a wedge. This allows the support element to be simple Fasten to the counter plate by the fastener over the bolt is inserted and then secured with the wedge.

The production of a base plate according to the invention with one on each Fastener provided corner can be particularly advantageous Are done in such a way that first the bottom plate in a Mold is made, the bottom of which is smooth. After drying the plate can be attached to two adjacent fasteners a lifting device can be coupled. By lifting the The bottom plate has a plate and storage thereof when turned over already the position required for transport. For loading the base plate on a transport vehicle and for subsequent transfer On the construction site, the lifting devices can be used on all four Fastening devices are coupled, which is transport and assembly easier.

Fig. 1

einen Querschnitt durch ein Fertighaus gemäß der Erfindung;

Fig. 2

eine perspektivische Teilansicht einer Bodenplatte gemäß der Erfindung;

Fig. 3

ein erfindungsgemäßes Fundamentmodul;

Fig. 4

einen Querschnitt durch einen Montageanker; und

Fig. 5

eine Querschnittsansicht eines Dachelementes gemäß der Erfindung.

The present invention is described below purely by way of example on the basis of advantageous embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:

Fig. 1

a cross section through a prefabricated house according to the invention;

Fig. 2

a partial perspective view of a base plate according to the invention;

Fig. 3

an inventive foundation module;

Fig. 4

a cross section through an assembly anchor; and

Fig. 5

a cross-sectional view of a roof element according to the invention.

1 shows a cross section through a prefabricated house according to the invention, which consists of several plate-like prefabricated elements made of concrete and bricks are made. Are on a cleanliness layer 10 Foundations 12, 14, which are designed as prefabricated elements and in connection are described in more detail with FIG. 3.

The lowest base plate of the prefabricated house shown in Fig. 1, the is called the plate immediately above the ground, is a by means of appropriate reinforcement, structural load-bearing element 16, 18 made of concrete, the top of which faces the interior of the house 20 in smooth exposed concrete is formed.

In Fig. 1, the bottom plate 18 is formed without thermal insulation. The Base plate 16 has a laminated insulating material on its underside 22, which is cast in when the base plate is cast using plastic anchors becomes.

The outer wall 24 of the prefabricated house is set to a level that an indentation 26 formed on the upper side of the base plate 16 is. The recess 26 runs parallel to the outer edge of the base plate 16 and is substantially the same width as the wall 24. On the outside of the wall element 24 is a thick film 28 and Foundation protection 30 provided. Runs outside of the foundation 12 a drain 32.

As shown in FIG. 1, there are a total of two base plates on the foundation 14 18, between which there is another wall element 25. As can also be seen, it has on the underside of the base plate 16 provided lamination 22 a distance from the outer edge of the Base plate 16, which is the width of the foundation 12 at the top corresponds. The liner 22 is also complementary to the foundation 12 beveled.

Fig. 2 shows a perspective top view of a corner area of a Base plate 16, in which the recess 26 parallel to two outer edges the bottom plate 16 extends. The corner 34 of the base plate 16 is chamfered and in the area of the bevel there is a transport eyelet 36 in the Base plate 16 cast. The transport eyelet 36 is located completely within the bevel and is therefore not above the square Outer contour of the base plate 16 in front. Not theirs on the outside facing end faces, the base plate has 16 recesses which the assembly of the prefabricated house to be filled with concrete and the related are described in more detail with FIG. 4.

Fig. 3 shows a perspective view of a foundation module 12, the is designed as a prefabricated concrete element and has a trapezoidal cross section owns. On the trapezoidal end 38 of the foundation module 12 is a cutout 42 which is also trapezoidal in cross section and the end face 40 of the foundation module 12 is a complementary one trained projection 44 provided. Otherwise the foundation module is symmetrical, a variety of such Foundation modules, which can also be designed as corner elements join a strip foundation with the recesses 42 and projections 44 form a toothing.

4 shows an assembly anchor to which two support elements 64, 64 'are attached are. The mounting anchor is mounted in a cut-out through two abutting bottom plates 18 are formed. Each of the base plates 18 has a cutout 50 on its end face which forms an undercut 52. Through the two opposite A total of recesses 50 is created which open at the top and closed at the bottom, that is from above can be filled. For sealing is on the line of contact of the two Base plates 18 a sealing tape 54 is provided.

The mounting anchor has a locking element 56, which in plan view in is essentially rectangular and that via a threaded rod 58 can be clamped with a counter plate 60 by a wing screw 62 is rotated on the threaded rod 58.

A support element 64 is clamped to the counter plate 60 via a tab 66 and serves to support a wall element during assembly. In an alternative embodiment, a support element 64 'with a Tab 66 'placed on a slotted bolt 68', which with the Counter plate 60 is welded. Through the slot of the bolt 68 'is a Wedge 70 'inserted, which wedges the tab 66' against the counter plate 60.

The threaded rod is used to assemble the assembly anchor shown in FIG. 4 58 in the area with the locking element 56 located thereon of the recesses 50, whereupon the locking element 56 by 90 ° is rotated so that it occupies the position shown in Fig. 4. By then tightening the counter plate 60 using the wing screw 62, the mounting anchor is attached to the base plates 18. At In the embodiment of the support element 64, this is welded onto it Tab 66 braced at the same time. In the variant of the Support element 64 'must first have the tab 66' guided over the bolt 68 ' and then wedged with the wedge 70 '. The support elements 64, 64 'can also be connected to the tabs 66, 66' via joints.

Fig. 5 shows a roof element 80 according to the invention, which is on a support 72 and a ridge support 74 is placed. The roof element 80 is made from a 5 to 10 mm thick concrete slab 82, into which a galvanized lattice girder 84 is poured. The bottom of the concrete slab 82 is smooth Exposed concrete trained.

The top of the roof element 80 is approximately 24 mm thick Particle board 86 formed, which is attached to spacers 88, which are also cast into the concrete slab 82. On the top of the chipboard 86 is a (highly enlarged) moisture barrier 87, which is open to diffusion to the outside. It is also located on the Chipboard 86 a counter battens 89 on which battens 90 can be attached is to store roof tiles 92.

The end faces of the roof element are provided with a cover 94, on the one hand on the chipboard 86 and on the other hand on a fastening element 95 is attached, which is poured into the concrete slab 82. The interior of the roof element 80 is mineral or non-mineral Insulated material filled.

On the eaves-side end of the roof element 80 are between the Concrete plate 82 and chipboard 86 provided open sleeves 96, inserted into the wooden carrier 97 and screwed to one Generate supernatant.

Reference list

10th

Cleanliness layer

12, 14

foundation

16, 18

Base plate

20th

Top

22

insulating material

24, 25

Wall element

26

deepening

28

Thick film

30th

Foundation protection

32

drainage

34

corner

36

Transport eyelet

38, 40

Face

42

Recess

44

head Start

50

Recess

52

Undercut

54

Sealing tape

56

Locking element

58

Threaded rod

60

Counter plate

62

Wing screw

64, 64 '

Support element

66, 66 '

Tab

68 '

bolt

70 '

wedge

72

In stock

74

Ridge beam

80

Roof element

82

Concrete slab

84

Lattice girder

86

Chipboard

87

Moisture barrier

88

Spacers

89

Counter battens

90

Battens

92

Roof tiles

94

cover

95

Fastener

96

Sleeve

97

carrier

Claims (13)

Prefabricated house consisting of several plate-like prefabricated elements made of concrete or brick, which serve as walls and / or ceilings,
characterized in that
at least one statically load-bearing prefabricated element made of concrete is provided as the bottom floor plate (16, 18), the top (20) of the interior facing the house is made of smooth exposed concrete and in particular on its top side a recess (26 ) having. Prefabricated house according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the bottom plate (16) is laminated on its underside with insulating material (22) and / or at least two corners (34) of the bottom plate (16) are chamfered, a fastening device (36) being attached in the region of the chamfers, preferably at least one A recess is provided on the end face of the base plate (16, 18). Base plate for a prefabricated house according to at least one of the preceding Claims 1 or 2. Base plate according to claim 3,
characterized in that
this is designed as a statically load-bearing prefabricated element (16) made of concrete, the top (20) of which is made of smooth exposed concrete and has, at least on an outer edge, a recess (26) running parallel thereto and / or that the base plate (16) is on its underside is laminated with insulating material (22) and / or that at least two corners (34) are chamfered, a fastening device (36) being attached in the region of the chamfers, a recess being able to be provided on at least one end face. Foundation module, in particular for a prefabricated house according to at least one of the preceding claims 1 or 2,
characterized in that this is designed as a prefabricated concrete element (12); has a trapezoidal cross-section; and has a toothing (42, 44) on its two end faces. Foundation module according to claim 5,
characterized in that
this is designed as a corner element. Roof element, in particular for a prefabricated house according to at least one of the preceding claims 1 or 2,
characterized in that
this consists of a concrete slab (82), on the upper side of which at least one lattice girder (84) is cast, at least one further slab (86) being arranged on the upper side of the lattice girder (84), which preferably consists of wood. Roof element according to claim 7,
characterized in that
the concrete slab (82) has a thickness of approximately 40 to 120 mm, preferably 50 to 70 mm and / or that the further slab is a particle board (86), the thickness of which is preferably approximately 10 to 40 mm, preferably 20 to 30 mm and / or that spacers (88) and / or fastening elements (95) are cast into the concrete slab (82), to which the further slab (86) and / or an end cover (94) is fastened. Roof element according to at least one of the preceding claims 7 or 8,
characterized in that
on the top of the further plate (86) a counter battens (89) is attached and / or at least one end face is closed with a cover (94) and / or the interior of the roof element (80) is filled with insulating material and / or on the other Plate (86) is preferably a moisture barrier (87) open to the outside diffusion. Roof element according to at least one of the preceding claims 7 to 9,
characterized in that
at least one sleeve (96) open to the outside is arranged between the concrete slab (82) and the further slab (86) and / or the underside of the concrete slab (82) is smooth exposed concrete. Mounting anchor for fastening at least one support element (64, 64 ') two prefabricated floor slabs arranged next to one another (18), each with a recess (50) with an undercut (52), consisting of a substantially rectangular Locking element (56), which with a on the base plates (18) placed counter plate (60) can be clamped, and at least one Fastening element (66, 66 ', 68', 70 ') with which the support element (64, 64 ') on the counter plate (60) can be fastened, wherein in particular the locking element (56) with the counter plate (60) can be clamped via a threaded rod (58) and a wing screw (62) and / or the fastening element is a wedge (70) and preferably has a slotted bolt (68 '). Use of a structural load-bearing element made of concrete, in particular according to at least one of the preceding claims 3 or 4, one side of which is made of smooth exposed concrete, as the bottom floor plate for a prefabricated house. Process for producing a square base plate with one fastening device at each corner,
characterized by the following steps: Pouring the bottom plate into a mold, the bottom of which is smooth; Fastening a lifting device to two fastening devices lying next to one another; Lifting the cast base plate out of the mold by means of the lifting device; Turning and putting down the base plate.

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