EP1736605B1 - Balcony frame, balcony and manufacturing process for a prefabricated balcony - Google Patents

Abstract

In the construction of a condominium balcony, the balcony floor is defined by a frame (2) open towards the building face but closed on the other three sides (3, 4a, 4b). The three frame sides terminate at the top in an upper edge (5) that defines a plane that is horizontal with respect to the horizontal. Further claimed is commensurate balcony architectural ironwork.

Description

The invention relates to a balcony frame, a balcony with such a balcony frame and a method for producing a precast balcony with such a frame.

It is for example from the DE 299 22 364 U1 known to attach to a balcony concrete floor, a steel frame or edge edging, which has an upper horizontal portion to the above-mentioned support on the balcony floor edge and a frontally adjoining groove. The disadvantage of this construction is that on the one hand it is not resistant to corrosion and therefore usually should not last longer than 10 years, and on the other hand the bending work of the frame is costly and time-consuming. In addition, the edge of the horizontal section protrudes upward beyond the concrete floor and thus forms an undesirable step, which represents a tripping edge and thus an accident risk. In addition, it is expensive to connect the edge border or frame with the balcony via screws o. Ä.

Furthermore, from the DE 198 40 673 C1 a balcony with a concrete slab known, which has a centrally extending perpendicular to the building wall slightly raised area with sloping surfaces on both sides. The incident rainwater spreads, flows into lateral gutters and from there through a Speier to the outside. The DE 198 40 673 C1 discloses a balcony frame having the features of the preamble of claim 1.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a simple trained balcony frame, a corresponding balcony and a method available to realize a fast to produce and at the same time robust balcony.

This object is solved by the features of independent claims 1, 17 and 25.

The advantages of the invention are, in particular, that the balcony frame invention as an open-sided, otherwise circumferential edge edging is extremely simple and at the same time by the course of the top wall of an inclined plane for the surface of the cast in the frame concrete - or other final surface - define can. In the method according to the invention is - in contrast to the prior art - not provided first the balcony floor and then screwed the frame, but the balcony frame can be created in the workshop and then delivered to the site to pour the balcony frame then on site with in-situ concrete.

Since the lower edge of the frame wall extends or lies in a horizontal plane, the balcony frame can be placed with their vertical wall sections on a horizontal formwork, the side walls of the Balkonzarge towers on all sides, then pour them.

The balcony frame according to the invention is particularly preferably made of steel and this particular made of galvanized steel, since this material is very stable and relatively easy to work and is available at reasonable cost. The amount of material to be used can also be kept low by the inventive design.

With correspondingly precise processing of the frame and in particular the upper edge of the vertical wall sections of the frame wall, it is possible to subtract the concrete surface with a level slope. This can advantageously be dispensed with the otherwise usual screed layer. This has the further advantage that the threshold required by DIN in this type of execution is achieved without additional effort, since By eliminating the insulating and screed layer is automatically given a height difference of 15 cm.

If according to the method of the invention enclosed by the balcony frame concrete with its surface with the upper edge of the balcony frame, thus eliminating the otherwise common multi-layered construction of balcony insulation layer screed layer. A frontal and cheek-side plastering of the concrete is unnecessary. Also, painting are obsolete. In addition, the balcony is then almost maintenance-free.

A balcony with Balkonzarge and concrete floor or concrete slab is also part of the invention, wherein the balcony is advantageously prepared according to the inventive method.

A balcony according to the invention can also be obtained in the event that one or more layers are applied to the concrete. In this case, the concrete layer advantageously ends with the upper edge of the frame wall, and the at least one further layer preferably runs or lies in a plane parallel to and higher than the plane defined by the frame wall.

According to a further embodiment, a rail is mounted on the vertical portions of the frame at least in sections, advantageously along its entire course, which may also be divided into a plurality of adjoining sections. In other words, the rail is advantageously on the upper edge of the frame circumferentially, ie it is located on each side of the Balkonzarge not adjacent to the building. The rail is in this case preferably welded to the upper edge of the frame. In this embodiment too, in the case of a balcony according to the invention, the concrete or a layer possibly applied thereon terminates on the upper side with the rail or lies in a plane parallel to said inclined plane.

It is advisable advantageously to form the top edge of the frame wall away from the opening in a downward direction. Thus, rainwater can drain away from the house wall into a rain gutter on the cheeks sides and the front of the balcony into a drainpipe or gutter.

The angle of the said inclined plane with respect to a horizontal plane is advantageously between 0.5 degrees and 3 degrees, preferably between 0.5 degrees and 1.5 degrees, and preferably about 0.9 degrees. A preferred angle of 0.86 degrees corresponds to a slope of 1.5%. This inclination of Zargenoberkante or the top rail and thus each of the surface of the final balcony is suitable to ensure a satisfactory flow of water on the one hand and on the other hand to create no uncomfortable feeling for people on the balcony.

A particularly simple embodiment of the balcony frame according to the invention is characterized in that the frame wall has exclusively vertically extending wall sections. Various vertical wall sections can in this case be welded together or bent relative to each other. From the material and the processing effort disadvantageous profiles (see here the above DE 299 22 364 U1 ) are obsolete without the function of the balcony frame would be affected.

A more stable connection between balcony frame and concrete is obtained if at least one reinforcing element is provided on the inside of the wall, which is preferably welded to the inside of the frame. Advantageously, a plurality of reinforcing elements are mounted side by side, preferably approximately at least every 40 cm. Such reinforcing elements may be formed rod-like or plate-like. Likewise, it is additionally possible for the reinforcing elements to be branched in order to increase the contact surface. With such a configuration frontal cracks in the concrete are effectively avoided.

In an advantageous embodiment, one or more plate-shaped, advantageously horizontally extending sections are provided on the inner frame wall, the upper and lower sides of which are enclosed by cast-in concrete. At the plate-shaped reinforcing elements further rod or plate-shaped reinforcing elements can be provided.

A particularly simple embodiment of the balcony frame has a front wall (front side) and two side walls (cheek sides), so that in this way the conventional balcony shape is obtained. However, it is also possible to produce a balcony frame according to the invention with round, oval or any other shaped sections.

Particularly preferably, a railing is attached to the wall outside of the frame, advantageously bolted. Likewise, it makes sense to attach to the Zargenaußenwand a gutter, which is suitably inclined and opens into a drain.

Railings (with the help of holders) and / or gutter are welded according to an advantageous embodiment on the wall outside. Since the gutter must absorb much less force than the railing, it is advisable, in particular to weld this to the wall outside of the frame.

In contrast, it has proved to be advantageous to provide for the railing fasteners, which in turn are welded to the wall outside. The railing is then advantageously screwed with these fasteners, which may for example be plate-shaped.

As mentioned above, the balcony frame according to the invention for the production of prefabricated balcony according to an advantageous embodiment is placed on a formwork. Then reinforcing elements are designed in a conventional manner in Zargeninnenraum and connected to an Isokorb (to prevent thermal bridges between balcony floor and building walls or ceilings). Alternatively, the reinforcements are already attached to the Isokorb and their free ends must be installed in the Zargeninnenraum. It is also possible to wire the reinforcements with the aforementioned reinforcing elements, welded or otherwise connect. After complete pouring of the balcony frame with in-situ concrete, removal of the concrete surface and drying, the balcony is anchored together with the Isokorb in the building. The said steps starting from the pouring out of the balcony frame are advantageously carried out on the construction site.

In an advantageous variant of the method, the frame is poured in at least two steps with concrete, wherein the frame in a first step - advantageously in a workshop - initially only partially filled with a concrete that is, for example, 5 cm thick. Already at this step, the concrete covers a part of the reinforcing elements and a part of the anchor, with which the Isokorb to be attached to the balcony floor. The concrete semi-finished part (which can also be referred to as filigree corner element) obtained with this first pouring step can then be moved to the construction site and installed there in the building. For this purpose, the semi-finished concrete part is brought to its final position with the help of square timbers and steel columns as auxiliary support. In the building area, the reinforcement of the ceiling is now connected to the reinforcement of the (Schöck-) isocorb. Subsequently, the frame is poured in at least one subsequent pouring step with in-situ concrete (concrete), wherein the still protruding upward sections of the reinforcing elements are now also covered by the concrete and also advantageously concrete is distributed on the ceiling of the building. The result is a secure integration of the balcony inside the building. After hardening of the concrete, the auxiliary support can be removed under the balcony.

On the upwardly exposed surface of the concrete can advantageously at least one layer - preferably a seal - are arranged, which also covers the top of the frame wall or the said rail and lies in a plane parallel to that of the Zargenoberkante opposite a horizontal plane defined inclined plane lies.

Preferably, at least one liquid seal is placed over the concrete, on which then a tile adhesive and subsequently tiles can be applied.

Advantageous developments of the invention are characterized by the features of the subclaims.

Figur 1

eine erste perspektivische Ansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Balkonzarge mit Geländer und Rinne;

Figur 2

eine zweite perspektivische Ansicht der Anordnung der Figur 1;

Figur 3

eine Vorderansicht auf die Anordnung der Figuren 1 und 2;

Figur 4a, 4b

Seitenansichten auf die Anordnung der Figuren 1 bis 3;

Figur 5

eine geschnittene Seitensicht der Anordnung der Figuren 1 bis 4, eingelassen in eine Gebäudewand;

Figur 6

eine Ausschnittsvergrößerung der Darstellung der Figur 5, und

Figur 7

eine geschnittene Seitenansicht einer Balkonzarge mit aufgesetzter Schiene sowie mit einer ersten Betonschicht und angebautem Isokorb.

In the following the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to two embodiments. Show it:

FIG. 1

a first perspective view of a Balkonzarge invention with railing and gutter;

FIG. 2

a second perspective view of the arrangement of FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 3

a front view of the arrangement of FIGS. 1 and 2 ;

Figure 4a, 4b

Side views of the arrangement of FIGS. 1 to 3 ;

FIG. 5

a sectional side view of the arrangement of FIGS. 1 to 4 , taken in a building wall;

FIG. 6

an enlarged detail of the representation of FIG. 5 , and

FIG. 7

a sectional side view of a balcony frame with attached rail and with a first concrete layer and attached Isokorb.

In the FIGS. 1 to 4 a balcony frame 1 is shown, which mainly comprises a Ziggenwand 2 of preferably galvanized normal steel or stainless steel. The frame wall 2 consists of a front wall 3 and two opposite side walls 4, which are all formed as running in vertical planes wall sections 3, 4a, 4b and together form a U in the plan.

According to the invention, the upper edge 5 of the frame wall 2 lies in a plane inclined with respect to a horizontal plane, which in the present case is formed sloping starting from the open side of the frame 1. This embodiment is in particular the FIGS. 4a, 4b, 5 refer to. The angle of inclination of the upper edge 5 of the frame wall 2 is in this case preferably in the range of about 1 degree relative to the horizontal, preferably at about 0.86 degrees (ie at 1.5% inclination). Together with its lying in a horizontal plane lower edge 6, the frame wall 2 forms a frame open on one side, which can be placed on a formwork for pouring concrete. The later facing the building edge 9a of the concrete is in FIG. 1 indicated by dashed lines. The top of the concrete to be applied later is provided with the reference numeral 9b. This upper side 9b also has said angle of inclination relative to the horizontal.

On the inner sides of the front wall 3 and the side walls 4 horizontally spaced Y-shaped reinforcing elements 8 and anchors are welded, which serve a better anchoring of the concrete in the frame 1. The respective Distance between the reinforcing elements 8 from each other in the present case is at least 40 cm.

For the preparation of a balcony including the frame 1 according to the invention this is preferably placed on a formwork and added in a known manner to the open side of the frame 1 an isocorb, s. also Figures 5 and 7 , Reinforcements, not shown, which extend from the area to be poured with concrete to the isocorb, are inserted and poured with concrete (see, but FIG. 7 ). The reinforcements can already be embedded with one end in the Isokorb.

Likewise, it is possible to wire the respective other end of the reinforcements with the reinforcing elements 8 so as to realize from the frame wall 2 to the Isokorb reaching, continuous connections.

In the FIG. 5 a balcony inserted in a building wall 25 is shown, in which the Isokorb 26 rests against a building ceiling 27. The side wall 4a is removed in this sectional view, so that the view of the concrete floor 9 is free. The same applies to the enlarged view according to the FIG. 6 ,

The concrete to be poured into the arrangement of the frame wall 2, Isokorb 26 and formwork initially has a substantially horizontal, flat surface. Subsequently, this surface of the upper edge 5 of the frame wall 2 is adjusted by subtracting, so that the surface lies in said inclined plane. In other words, the upper edge 5 terminates with the surface of the concrete. It is thus obtained a simple and quick to produce prefabricated balcony, which has a sloping flat surface for draining rainwater. The Zargenwand 2 also represents from the front and from the sides of a kind of aperture, which closes with the bottom and the top 9b of the concrete floor 9, s. also FIGS. 4a, 4b, 5 , Of the Inclination angle of the top 9b of the concrete floor 9 corresponds to that of the upper edge 5 of the balcony frame second

A screed layer is advantageously not necessary in this embodiment of the balcony. Therefore, no door threshold from the building interior to the balcony must be additionally formed, because the prescribed height difference of 15 cm results from the elimination of the insulating and screed layer.

On the outside of the front wall 3 and the side walls 4a, 4b horizontally spaced mounting plates 10 are welded to which lugs 13 of a railing 12 are screwed by means of screws 11. The railing 12 has a lower flange 14, a top flange 15 and these connecting balusters 16. Between the balusters 16 filler rods 17 are arranged. On the upper side, the railing 12 is bounded by a handrail 18.

The railing 12 is removable by the screw described. In particular, the railing 12 does not have to be fixed before completion of the assembly work, so that an overall simpler installation of the balcony on the building is possible.

Also, on the outside on the front wall 3 and side walls 4a, 4b, a gutter 22 for rainwater is arranged (see, in particular FIGS. 4a, 4b ), from the right side ( FIG. 4a ) runs downhill along the front to the left (Figure 4b) to open near the house wall in a drain opening 23. The channel 22 is advantageously welded to the frame wall 3. Additional plumbing work after Verbau the balcony are not necessary.

At the neck enlargement according to FIG. 6 is on the concrete floor 9 nor an optional layer 9 ', for example, a seal, indicated, for example, may be impermeable to water.

In the FIG. 7 a modified embodiment of the frame 1 according to the invention is shown. In this, a preferably made of hot-dip galvanized steel rail 20 is welded to the frame walls 3, 4a, 4b, which has a flat portion 21a, which extends along the upper edge 5 of the underlying respective wall 3, 4a, 4b. This means that the rail 20 also extends or lies in a plane inclined with respect to a horizontal plane - with the same angle of inclination as the upper edge of FIG. 5 of the frame wall 2. The flat section 21 a is so wide that it extends over to both sides the respective frame wall 3, 4a, 4b surmounted. Towards the outside, the rail 20 is bent downwards and forms a vertical portion 21 b, which is arranged above the gutter 22. Rain gutter 20, railing 12 and its attachment are as in the embodiment according to the Figures 1-6 educated.

In the embodiment according to the FIG. 7 the concrete potting takes place in two steps. Previously, the frame wall 2 is provided with various reinforcing elements 8, which extend in all three spatial directions. Also, reinforcing elements 8 are present, which extend from the front wall 3 to near an isocorbus 26. There, this long reinforcement element with a reinforcing element 8 'is welded, that is partially embedded in the Isokorb 26. In a formwork, a first concrete layer 7 is then poured with a thickness of for example 5 cm, which covers some sections 8a of the reinforcing elements 8 and also the Isokorb reinforcement 8 'partially. As described above, the railing 12 and the gutter 22 are attached to this semi-finished part.

This semi-finished balcony can be transported to the construction site; However, the first pouring step can also be done on the site itself. To Curing the lower concrete layer, the semi-finished part is anchored in the building using the Isokorbs 26 and then cast an upper concrete layer, which also covers the remaining portions 8b of the reinforcements 8 and the protruding part of the Isokorb reinforcement 8 '. The surface 9b of the second concrete layer or the concrete floor 9 extends or lies in a plane inclined to the horizontal plane - corresponding to the course of the frame wall 2 and the upper edge of the Isokorbs 26. In other words, the concrete surface 9b from the Isokorb 26 to the opposite rail section downhill inclined. The angle of inclination of the concrete surface and the upper edge 5 of the frame wall 2 relative to the horizontal are advantageously about 0.9 degrees, and for example between 0.5 degrees and 3 degrees, preferably between 0.5 degrees and 1.5 degrees (these inclination angle also applies to the other embodiment shown in the preceding figures). The surface of the Isokorbs 26 and the upper edge of the Isokorb 26 opposite portion of the rail 20 in this case each extend horizontally and parallel to each other, but are offset from each other in the vertical direction.

In a development of the balcony, not shown FIG. 7 (And also in the balcony of the other figures) is applied on the surface 9b at least one substantially the same thickness everywhere layer, for example, serves as a seal of the finished concrete surface. This layer also covers the flat portion 21 a of the rail 20. On the seal tiles can still be applied by means of a tile adhesive. The uppermost layer (here: sealing or tiles) then runs in a plane which runs parallel to the plane formed by the upper edge of the rail 20 or the upper edge 5 of the frame wall 2 - ie also has the same angle of inclination with respect to a horizontal plane.

The invention has been explained in more detail with reference to two exemplary embodiments, but is not limited to these. Modifications within the scope of the claims are readily possible. For example, it is conceivable that the reinforcing elements 8 are formed on the inner sides of the walls 3, 4 plate-shaped and possibly additional reinforcing elements are provided on these plates.

It should also be emphasized that according to an embodiment of the invention not shown on the concrete slab or the concrete floor an insulating layer and on this in turn a screed layer may be applied, the surface of the screed closes in this case with the upper edge of the balcony frame. This construction lends itself, for example, to a covered balcony, e.g. in the form of a conservatory, on.

Furthermore, under a frame open to one side is e.g. to understand that this is only partially open, for example, provided with openings for reinforcing elements or has a vertical wall which extends at a lower level than the other wall sections. Moreover, the rail 20 may also be formed as a hollow rail or with another profile or cross-sectional profile. The balcony frame invention could also as Randumfassung, steel cheek, edging o.ä. be referred to, without this would result in limitations.

Finally, it should be noted that the term "prefabricated balcony" is also to be understood as a balcony, which was poured out in several steps.

Claims (28)

1. Balcony frame having a frame wall (2) open to one side but otherwise continuous, with vertical wall sections (3, 4a, 4b), characterized in that the upper edge (5) of the vertical wall sections (3, 4a, 4b) of the frame wall (2) defines a plane that is inclined relative to a horizontal plane and the lower edge (6) of the vertical wall sections (3, 4a, 4b) of the frame wall (2) lies in a horizontal plane.
2. Balcony frame according to Claim 1, wherein the frame is constructed to enclose concrete to be cast into the frame, the surface (9b) of which, if necessary after a further surface treatment, is flush with the upper edge (5) of the frame wall (2).
3. Balcony frame according to Claim 1, wherein a rail (20) is attached, preferably welded, to at least one section of the upper edge (5) of the frame wall (2) which rail has the same inclined alignment as the upper edge of the frame wall (2).
4. Balcony frame according to Claim 3, wherein the rail (20) has a drip edge (21) outside the interior of the frame that is bent downwards.
5. Balcony frame according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the upper edge (5) of the frame wall (2) is constructed such that it slopes steeply away from said one-sided opening of the frame.
6. Balcony frame according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the angle of said inclined plane relative to a horizontal plane is between 0.5 degrees and 3 degrees, preferably between 0.5 degrees and 1.5 degrees.
7. Balcony frame according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the angle of said inclined plane relative to a horizontal plane is approximately 0.9 degrees.
8. Balcony frame according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the frame wall (2) has exclusively vertically aligned wall sections (3, 4a, 4b).
9. Balcony frame according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one reinforcement element (8) is arranged on the inside of the frame wall (2), preferably welded on.
10. Balcony frame according to Claim 9, wherein multiple reinforcement elements (8) are applied next to one another on the inside of the frame wall (2), preferably spaced apart by at least 40 cm.
11. Balcony frame according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the frame wall (2) substantially consists of a front wall (3) and two side walls (4a, 4b).
12. Balcony frame according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said frame is manufactured from steel, preferably galvanised steel.
13. Balcony frame according to one of the preceding claims, with a railing (12) applied on the outer side of the frame wall (2).
14. Balcony frame according to one of the preceding claims, with a rain gutter (22) applied on the outer side of the frame wall (2).
15. Balcony frame according to Claim 13 or 14, wherein the rain gutter (22) and/or the railing (12) are welded on to the outer side of the frame wall (2) by means of brackets.
16. Balcony frame according to one of the preceding claims, wherein fixing elements (10) are welded on to the outer side of the frame wall (2), onto which a railing (12) and/or a rain gutter (22) are screwed.
17. Method for producing a finished part balcony, wherein a frame (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 16 is cast with concrete and is levelled off in such a way that the concrete surface (9b), or the surface of at least one layer (9') subsequently applied to the concrete surface (9b), lies in or parallel to the inclined plane formed by the upper edge (5) of the frame wall (2) or of said rail (20) .
18. Method according to Claim 17, wherein the frame (1) is laid on shuttering prior to the pouring of the concrete.
19. Method according to one of the preceding method claims, wherein the frame wall (2) is connected on its open side by means of reinforcement elements (8, 8') to an Isokorb (26) to be anchored in the building (25, 27).
20. Method according to one of the preceding method claims, wherein the frame (1) is cast with concrete in at least two stages, wherein in a first stage the frame (1) is first only partially cast with concrete that surrounds partial sections (8a) of the reinforcement elements (8), and that in a subsequent casting stage the sections (8b) of the reinforcement elements (8) still protruding upwards are covered with concrete.
21. Method according to Claim 20, wherein the semi-finished product obtained by the first stage is anchored by means of the Isokorb (26) in the building structure, and then the frame (1) is completely cast with concrete.
22. Method according to one of the preceding method claims, wherein the surface (9b) of the concrete floor (9) or of the top concrete layer (9) is not covered with a screed layer.
23. Method according to one of the preceding method claims, wherein at least one layer (9') is arranged above the concrete floor (9) or the top concrete layer (9), which also covers the upper edge (5) of the frame wall (2) or the said rail (20).
24. Method according to one of the preceding method claims, wherein at least one liquid sealant is arranged on the concrete floor (9), on which a tile adhesive is then applied, after which tiles are laid.
25. Balcony with a balcony frame (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 16.
26. Balcony according to Claim 25, wherein the frame is cast with concrete following the method according to one of the preceding method claims, and the surface (9b) of which is levelled off according to the path of the upper edge (5) of the frame (1) or of the said rail (20).
27. Balcony according to Claim 25 or 26, wherein the concrete does not have a screed layer.
28. Balcony according to one of Claims 25 to 27, wherein one or more additional layers are applied on the surface of the concrete floor (9), in particular a sealant and a tile layer, or an insulating layer and a screed layer.

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