EP0897050A1 - Verfahren zum Herstellen eines bekleideten Tunnels - Google Patents

Verfahren zum Herstellen eines bekleideten Tunnels Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0897050A1
EP0897050A1 EP97202520A EP97202520A EP0897050A1 EP 0897050 A1 EP0897050 A1 EP 0897050A1 EP 97202520 A EP97202520 A EP 97202520A EP 97202520 A EP97202520 A EP 97202520A EP 0897050 A1 EP0897050 A1 EP 0897050A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lining
tunnel
tunnel lining
separation
separation means
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP97202520A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0897050B1 (de
Inventor
Nicolaas Noorlander
Kees Van Oosteren
Marco Van Der Sloot
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
I.T.M. INDUSTRIELE TUNNELBOUW METHODE C.V.
Original Assignee
Itm Industriele Tunnelbouw Methode Cv
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Itm Industriele Tunnelbouw Methode Cv filed Critical Itm Industriele Tunnelbouw Methode Cv
Priority to DE69718461T priority Critical patent/DE69718461T2/de
Priority to EP97202520A priority patent/EP0897050B1/de
Publication of EP0897050A1 publication Critical patent/EP0897050A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0897050B1 publication Critical patent/EP0897050B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
    • E21D9/0607—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining the shield being provided with devices for lining the tunnel, e.g. shuttering
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
    • E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
    • E21D11/105—Transport or application of concrete specially adapted for the lining of tunnels or galleries ; Backfilling the space between main building element and the surrounding rock, e.g. with concrete
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
    • E21D9/08—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield
    • E21D9/087—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section, i.e. full-face machines
    • E21D9/0873—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section, i.e. full-face machines the shield being provided with devices for lining the tunnel, e.g. shuttering

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of building a lined tunnel according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • extruded concrete lining Such a method, known as the extruded concrete lining (ECL) method, is disclosed in document DE-A-2932430.
  • ECL extruded concrete lining
  • the lining material is kept at elevated pressure by external means.
  • a special type of concrete is used, which experiences a volume increase during hardening e.g. by adding special additives.
  • the use of such special types of concrete is expensive and often subject to restrictions which cannot always realized in applying the method.
  • the compression force at the front end of the lining prevents or at least minimizes the initiation of cracks in the lining during initial hardening and shrinking of the concrete.
  • the compression force in the tunnel lining will gradually decrease and at a certain distance from the front end of the tunnel lining the compression force will be zero. Because of the fact that the period of final hardening of the tunnel lining is relatively long with respect to the envisioned speed of the building process (the hardening period may be 30 days or even more and the speed of the building process may be about 50 metres per day) the part of the tunnel lining where the compression is zero will be of significant length.
  • a possibility to ensure watertightness of a tunnel lining and at the same time allowing the developments of cracks (cracks as such, provided they are within certain limits, do not affect the required strength of the lining i.e. capability to resist external forces) is to include a watertight second means.
  • Examples of such watertight means can be found in document WO 94/24416 (steel layer at outside) and document DE-A-1216915 (plastic layer at outside). Both the alternatives are technically difficult to apply in the extruded concrete lining method and also expensive.
  • An alternative might be a watertight material which is sprayed against the inside of the primary lining or a relative thin watertight sheet having such a surface contact with the primary lining that full bonding is achieved so as to avoid the building up of waterpressure over a significant area between primary lining and internal watertight means.
  • a watertight material which is sprayed against the inside of the primary lining or a relative thin watertight sheet having such a surface contact with the primary lining that full bonding is achieved so as to avoid the building up of waterpressure over a significant area between primary lining and internal watertight means.
  • such materials having the required properties and required lifetime, which for this type of application (a tunnel) may be as long as one hundred years, are not yet known as proven and economic.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an improved method of building a lined tunnel of the type mentioned in the beginning (extruded concrete lining method) which allows the use of simple, inexpensive material for the tunnel lining without the need for additional watertight means along the full length of the tunnel.
  • the separate sections of the tunnel lining are free to shrink during hardening of the lining material, so that tensile forces in the material are avoided, these sections are free of cracks.
  • the sections as such are watertight. Only the gaps between the sections of tunnel have to be provided with sealing means. Moreover, the tunnel lining can follow settlements.
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically the front part of a tunnel 1 in surrounding earth 2, the tunnel 1 being provided with a lining 3.
  • a tunnel is excavated in the earth 2 by means of a forward moving excavating or boring machine 4.
  • a boring machine 4 may of any type known in the art and does not need any further explanation.
  • the earth 2 which may be unstable, is supported by a shield 5 which is connected to the boring machine.
  • a support structure 6 is placed in the excavated tunnel.
  • the support structure 6 is built up from support elements 7 placed behind one another.
  • a ringshaped gap 8 is formed between the support structure 6 and the surrounding earth which may be covered by the shield 5.
  • a sealing means 9 is provided between the support structure 6 and the shield 5 sealing off the gap 8 towards the boring machine 4.
  • the ringshaped gap 8 is filled with concrete by injecting liquid concrete into the gap 8.
  • the liquid concrete may be supplied by a concrete pump 10 with pumps the liquid concrete from a reservoir 11 through a conduit 12 extending through the sealing means 9 into the gap 8.
  • the concrete in the gap 8 is supported by the support structure 6 and is kept under pressure in that the sealing means 9 is connected to the boring machine 4 by means of hydraulic cylinders 13 which transfer at least part of the axial force exerted on the boring machine 4 to the concrete in the gap 8.
  • the concrete in the gap 8 is allowed to solidify whereafter further support by the support structure is not necessary anymore.
  • the support structure 6 moves with the boring machine 4 in that after the boring machine 4 has moved over a certain distance, the support element 7' at the rear end of the support structure 6 is placed in front of the support element 7'' at the front end of support structure 6.
  • the solidified concrete is finally allowed to harden, thus forming the final tunnel lining 3.
  • ECL extruded concrete lining
  • the concrete When ordinary, preferably fibre-reinforced concrete is used as material for the tunnel lining, the concrete will shrink during hardening, which will lead to tensile stresses and the occurence of cracks in the tunnel lining. As mentioned earlier cracks can also occur as a result of settlement of the surrounding earth. The result of cracks is that the tunnel lining is not sufficiently watertight anymore. As the location of the cracks can normally not be predicted, the tunnel lining has to be provided with watertight means over its entire length.
  • Fig. 2 shows schematically a part of a tunnel lining.
  • the separation means are indicated with 14 and the ringshaped sections with 15.
  • the separation means 14 extend in circumferential direction such that ringshaped sections 15 are formed with a length L1.
  • the length of the sections 15 is chosen such that each section 15 is free to shrink in axial direction during hardening of the concrete. Free to shrink means that the tensile stresses in the concrete are negligable or sufficiently low so as to prevent the initiation of cracks in the concrete.
  • the length L1 depends on the friction between the tunnel lining and the surrounding earth. The friction can be decreased by greasing e.g. injection of bentonite. The friction may already be low by virtue of benificial properties of the surrounding earth.
  • a tunnel lining which is divided into separate sections which are connected to one another through more or less flexible sealing means can also follow settlements of the surrounding earth, so that the formation of cracks as a result of settlements of the surrounding earth is also prevented.
  • weakened areas may be provided by making grooves 17 (e.g. circumferential grooves) in the solidified but not yet hardened tunnel lining 3.
  • the grooves between the separate sections are filled with a sealing means 18.
  • separation elements 19 e.g. rings
  • These separation elements 19 may be inserted during injection of the liquid concrete for the tunnel lining or thereafter but before the concrete is solidified.
  • the separation elements may extend over a part (as shown in Fig. 5) of or the whole radial thickness of the tunnel lining. In the former case the remaining part of the radial thickness of the tunnel lining may be considered as a weakened area in which a crack will occur during hardening of the tunnel lining. In the latter case separate sections are already formed upon insertion of the separation elements.
  • the separations may have any configuration e.g. stright, inclined, curved, S- or Z shaped.
  • the separation elements comprise the sealing means between the sections of the tunnel lining.
  • the sealing means In case the sealing means have to be able to follow the decrease of the length of the adjacent sections of the tunnel lining during hardening and/or imposed settlements, the sealing means should have spring characteristics or be combined with separate spring means.
  • a sealing means with spring characteristics or a combination of sealing means and spring means may be designed in several different ways (see e.g. Norbert Klawa and Alfred Haack: Tiefbaufugen - Fugen- und Fugenkonstrutationen in Beton- und Stahlbetonbau).
  • the spring characteristics of the sealing means or the combination of sealing means and spring means may be such that a compression force is maintained in the sections of the tunnel lining during hardening.
  • the length of the sections of the tunnel lining may be increased with respect to the situation wherein no additional axial force is excerted on the section during hardening.
  • a remaining compression force in the sections of the tunnel lining can also be achieved by applying active compression means in combination with the sealing means.
  • active compression means An example of such active compression means is shown in EP-A-0 021 702.
  • the active compression means may also comprise wedges or jacks, controlled by manpower or a power unit.
  • Allowing for such a behaviour may result in a reduction of the required lining thickness and a corresponding reduction in costs.
  • the gaps between these sections can be provided with sealing means to ensure watertightness of the total lining.
  • the longitudinal extending separation means can be similar to the circumferentially extending separation means described above.
  • a tunnel lining may have both types of separation means, as is shown schematically in Fig. 6, wherein the longitudinally extending separation means are indicated with 20 and the axially extending separation means with 14.
  • the tunnel lining may be provided with separation means extending helically along the tunnel lining, as shown schematically in Fig. 7, wherein the separation means are indicated with 21.
  • the tunnel lining 3 is preferably an extruded single layer.
  • the extrusion in one or more stages or a multilayer lining e.g. concrete with different properties is also possible.
  • the single layer may be provided with an internal secondary layer for e.g. safety purposes (fire protection, protection against collision of cars, trams), architectural purposes or any other purpose.
  • the secondary layer is however not essential for the tunnel lining of the invention.
  • the secondary lining may provide such a watertightness or additional watertightness that sealing means in the joints between the sections of the tunnel lining can be omitted or that the sealing properties of the sealing means may be reduced. It is also envisaged that an internal secondary lining which, as mentioned before, may be sprayed onto the single layer (primary lining) or may consist of a thin watertight sheet, might facilitate an easy movement of a sliding support structure e.g. of the type described in EP-A-0 301 188.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
EP97202520A 1997-08-14 1997-08-14 Verfahren zum Herstellen eines bekleideten Tunnels Expired - Lifetime EP0897050B1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE69718461T DE69718461T2 (de) 1997-08-14 1997-08-14 Verfahren zum Herstellen eines bekleideten Tunnels
EP97202520A EP0897050B1 (de) 1997-08-14 1997-08-14 Verfahren zum Herstellen eines bekleideten Tunnels

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP97202520A EP0897050B1 (de) 1997-08-14 1997-08-14 Verfahren zum Herstellen eines bekleideten Tunnels

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0897050A1 true EP0897050A1 (de) 1999-02-17
EP0897050B1 EP0897050B1 (de) 2003-01-15

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Family Applications (1)

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EP97202520A Expired - Lifetime EP0897050B1 (de) 1997-08-14 1997-08-14 Verfahren zum Herstellen eines bekleideten Tunnels

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP0897050B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69718461T2 (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1069280A1 (de) * 1999-07-13 2001-01-17 Alfred Puchegger Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Vortreiben eines Tunnels oder Stollens, sowie Bauteile zur Verwendung bei diesen
NL1015097C2 (nl) 2000-05-03 2001-12-12 I T M Ind Tunnelbouw Methode C Inrichting voor het bouwen van een tunnel.
EP1538302A1 (de) * 2003-12-04 2005-06-08 Walter Bau-Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Verfüllen von Hohlräumen ausserhalb der lichten Tunnelröhre eines maschinell aufgefahrenen Tunnels
JP2014080865A (ja) * 2014-02-13 2014-05-08 Kajima Corp トンネル施工方法
CN106761834A (zh) * 2017-01-10 2017-05-31 济南中铁重工轨道装备有限公司 一种盾构机分体式二次注浆系统

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2932430A1 (de) * 1979-08-10 1981-02-19 Hochtief Ag Hoch Tiefbauten Verfahren zum einbringen eines tunnelausbaus aus beton
GB2057035A (en) * 1977-09-27 1981-03-25 Locher & Cie Ag Device and process for driving galleries with a shield
GB2146371A (en) * 1983-09-07 1985-04-17 Dyckerhoff & Widmann Ag Tubular underground cavity such as a traffic tunnel or pipeline
DE4001949A1 (de) * 1990-01-24 1991-07-25 Putzmeister Maschf Verfahren und vorrichtung zur ueberwachung des fuelldrucks bei konsolidierungsinjektionen im tunnelbau

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2057035A (en) * 1977-09-27 1981-03-25 Locher & Cie Ag Device and process for driving galleries with a shield
DE2932430A1 (de) * 1979-08-10 1981-02-19 Hochtief Ag Hoch Tiefbauten Verfahren zum einbringen eines tunnelausbaus aus beton
GB2146371A (en) * 1983-09-07 1985-04-17 Dyckerhoff & Widmann Ag Tubular underground cavity such as a traffic tunnel or pipeline
DE4001949A1 (de) * 1990-01-24 1991-07-25 Putzmeister Maschf Verfahren und vorrichtung zur ueberwachung des fuelldrucks bei konsolidierungsinjektionen im tunnelbau

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1069280A1 (de) * 1999-07-13 2001-01-17 Alfred Puchegger Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Vortreiben eines Tunnels oder Stollens, sowie Bauteile zur Verwendung bei diesen
NL1015097C2 (nl) 2000-05-03 2001-12-12 I T M Ind Tunnelbouw Methode C Inrichting voor het bouwen van een tunnel.
EP1538302A1 (de) * 2003-12-04 2005-06-08 Walter Bau-Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Verfüllen von Hohlräumen ausserhalb der lichten Tunnelröhre eines maschinell aufgefahrenen Tunnels
JP2014080865A (ja) * 2014-02-13 2014-05-08 Kajima Corp トンネル施工方法
CN106761834A (zh) * 2017-01-10 2017-05-31 济南中铁重工轨道装备有限公司 一种盾构机分体式二次注浆系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69718461T2 (de) 2003-10-02
EP0897050B1 (de) 2003-01-15
DE69718461D1 (de) 2003-02-20

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