EP0891686A1 - Dispositif lectroluminescent - Google Patents
Dispositif lectroluminescentInfo
- Publication number
- EP0891686A1 EP0891686A1 EP97908105A EP97908105A EP0891686A1 EP 0891686 A1 EP0891686 A1 EP 0891686A1 EP 97908105 A EP97908105 A EP 97908105A EP 97908105 A EP97908105 A EP 97908105A EP 0891686 A1 EP0891686 A1 EP 0891686A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- gallium nitride
- electroluminescent
- electrode
- nitride
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910002601 GaN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical compound [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- NWAIGJYBQQYSPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidyneindigane Chemical compound [In]#N NWAIGJYBQQYSPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002056 binary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002058 ternary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920000547 conjugated polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 5
- -1 poly (p-phenylene-vinylene) Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920000112 poly(2,5-bis(cholestanoxy) phenylene vinylene) Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 4
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000553 poly(phenylenevinylene) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- TVIVIEFSHFOWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-K tri(quinolin-8-yloxy)alumane Chemical compound [Al+3].C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1 TVIVIEFSHFOWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- XZCJVWCMJYNSQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl pbd Chemical compound C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1C1=NN=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)O1 XZCJVWCMJYNSQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 2
- VPUGDVKSAQVFFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N coronene Chemical compound C1=C(C2=C34)C=CC3=CC=C(C=C3)C4=C4C3=CC=C(C=C3)C4=C2C3=C1 VPUGDVKSAQVFFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- UPWPDUACHOATKO-UHFFFAOYSA-K gallium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ga](Cl)Cl UPWPDUACHOATKO-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002207 thermal evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001316 Ag alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SPROTAUJOXXVSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)(C)(C)C1=C(C=CC=C1)N1C=NCO1.C1(=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound C(C)(C)(C)C1=C(C=CC=C1)N1C=NCO1.C1(=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1 SPROTAUJOXXVSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- XOYLJNJLGBYDTH-UHFFFAOYSA-M chlorogallium Chemical compound [Ga]Cl XOYLJNJLGBYDTH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010849 ion bombardment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- CALSBFKQLKYESS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-2,3-diphenylaniline Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C=1C(N(C)C)=CC=CC=1C1=CC=CC=C1 CALSBFKQLKYESS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 1
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920000397 poly[2,5-bis(cholestanoxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009718 spray deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003577 thiophenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RGGPNXQUMRMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylgallium Chemical compound CC[Ga](CC)CC RGGPNXQUMRMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XCZXGTMEAKBVPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylgallium Chemical compound C[Ga](C)C XCZXGTMEAKBVPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
- H05B33/26—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the composition or arrangement of the conductive material used as an electrode
- H05B33/28—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the composition or arrangement of the conductive material used as an electrode of translucent electrodes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electroluminescent device comprising a layer of organic semiconductor electroluminescent material disposed between a first electrode, constituted by a material having the property of injecting electrons into said layer of electroluminescent material, and a second electrode constituted by a material having the property of injecting holes in this layer.
- the organic semiconductor material consists either of a monomeric organic substance, consisting of fluorescent molecules, such as anthracene, perylene and coronene, or of molecules of an organic dye, or into a conjugated organic polymer such as poly (p-phenylene-vinylene).
- the electron-emitting electrode is, for example, constituted by a layer of a metal chosen from aluminum, magnesium and calcium, or by a layer of metallic alloy, such as an alloy of magnesium and silver, and the hole-emitting electrode is constituted, for example, by a layer of a metal such as gold or by a layer of tin oxide (SnC> 2) or mixed oxide indium and tin (ITO).
- Such light-emitting devices can in particular be used as light-emitting diodes in display elements, as well as for the manufacture of flat screens for laptop or television set.
- the hole injecting electrode was produced in the form of a transparent layer, consisting, for example, of mixed oxide of indium and tin, the electron injecting electrode being opaque or reflective.
- the currently known devices have the drawback of having a life that is too short for the industrial applications envisaged. More specifically, the best known devices of this kind, in which the layer of electroluminescent organic material consists of a monomeric organic substance, only allow a maximum duration of use of the order of a thousand hours, in continuous operation, while the best known devices, in which the layer of organic light-emitting material consists of a conjugated polymer, generally do not withstand a period of continuous use greater than one hundred hours.
- the object of the invention is to provide a device of the aforementioned type which is capable of emitting light on its two faces, that is to say an electroluminescent device in which the two electrodes placed on either side of the layer of electroluminescent material are transparent or translucent.
- Another object of the invention is to make it possible to improve the life of the device.
- the device according to the invention is characterized in that said first electrode is in the form of a transparent or translucent layer of an n-type semiconductor material chosen from nitrides and mineral oxides.
- the material constituting the electron-emitting electrode is chosen from gallium nitride GaN, binary alloys of gallium nitride and indium nitride, of general formula Ga x In ( i_ x) N, ternary alloys of gallium nitride, indium nitride and aluminum nitride, of general formula Ga x AlyIn ( i_ x _ v ) N and mixtures of at least two of these compounds and alloys, where x and y each represent a number between 0 and 1, the sum x + y being at most equal to 1, the conductivity character n of said material possibly resulting from a stoichiometry gap or from doping with at least one element chosen from groups 4a and 6a of the periodic table.
- doping element it is possible, in particular, to use one of the following elements: Si, Sn, S, Se and Te.
- n-type semiconductor material in particular gallium nitride and its alloys, can be used in any suitable form, in particular in monocrystalline, polycrystalline, nanocrystalline or amorphous form, or in the form of a superposition of layers of this type. having different compositions, therefore values of x or y, or dopings.
- the electron injecting nature of such materials may possibly result from the existence of stoichiometric gaps or of doping with at least one element such as, for example H, Li, Ca, Al, Cs.
- titanium oxides can be used in any suitable form, in particular in monocrystalline, polycrystalline, nanocrystalline or amorphous form.
- any suitable material can be used, in particular those constituted by the substances already used for this purpose in accordance with the prior art, in particular, conjugated polymers, such as poly ( p-phenylene-vinylene), commonly designated by the abbreviation PPV or poly p-phenylene, PPP, or also polythiophene, PT, those in which the phenyl or thiophene nucleus carry one or more substituents such as an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a halogen or a nitro group, as well as conjugated polymers such as poly (4,4'-diphenylene-diphenylvinylene), commonly designated by the abbreviation PDPV; poly (1,4-phenylene-1-phenylinyene); poly (1,4-phenylene-diphenyvinylene); polymers of the poly (3-alkylthiofen) or poly (3-alkylpyrrole) type, poly
- conjugated polymers derived from known polymers such as those which have been mentioned above, by grafting at the ends of the chains of group polymers having the property of reinforcing the adhesion of the layer of electroluminescent conjugated polymer to the surface electrodes, in particular the electrode emitting electrons and more particularly on a layer of gallium nitride or titanium oxide is particularly advantageous.
- electroluminescent organic material constituting the electroluminescent layer a monomeric substance, an organic dye or pigment, this substance or this dye or pigment which can in particular be chosen from those or those which are suitable for use in the devices prior art light emitting lamps. These dyes can also be functionalized so as to adhere better to the electrode of the invention.
- the same materials as those used in light-emitting devices according to the prior art can be used, in particular gold, tin oxide Sn ⁇ 2 or else mixed indium and tin oxide (in particular the commercial product known by the designation ITO), in the form of a transparent layer.
- the electron-emitting electrode and the organic electroluminescent semiconductor layer there is optionally possible to interpose, between the electron-emitting electrode and the organic electroluminescent semiconductor layer, one or more layers of material facilitating the transport of negative charges, this material consisting, for example, in the compound 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum (usually designated by the term Alq3), as well as one or more layers of material having the property of blocking the passage of positive charges (hole stop layer), such material being, for example, made up of compound 2- (4- biphenyl-5-tertbutyl-phenyl) -1, 3, 5-oxadiazole (compound known under the name "Butyl-PBD").
- the hole-emitting electrode it is also possible, if necessary, to interpose, between the hole-emitting electrode and the organic electroluminescent semiconductor layer, one or more layers of material facilitating the transport of positive charges.
- a material can, for example, consist of a compound of the diphenyl-dimethylphenylamine type, known under the designation TPD.
- TPD diphenyl-dimethylphenylamine type
- nitride layer as defined above in particular gallium nitride, constituting the electron-emitting electrode
- thermal spray deposition in particular by means a plasma torch
- deposition techniques from the liquid phase as well as the chemical vapor deposition methods.
- the layer of n-type semiconductor mineral compound constituting the electron-emitting electrode is first formed on the surface of the substrate serving as support for the electroluminescent device, this substrate advantageously consisting of a transparent insulating material such as than a sapphire or quartz plate.
- titanium oxide layer as defined above, it is possible to use the methods known per se for the oxidation of titanium, methods of sol-gel polymerization from organic precursors, methods of spraying with using plasma or bombardment ionic. These latter methods seem particularly suitable.
- the layer of light-emitting semiconducting organic material it is also possible to use any suitable technique, in particular thermal evaporation processes, soaking in a solution (so-called “dip-coating” processes), the deposition of a layer of substance, such as a solution of the electroluminescent material, or of precursor agents thereof, in a suitable solvent, on the surface of the electron-emitting electrode (or, where appropriate, of the electrode emitting holes), by rotating the substrate (the process known as “spinning” or “spin-coating” so as to obtain a perfectly uniform thickness of this layer, possibly followed by a thermal or chemical treatment making it possible to form the film of light emitting material proper.
- a suitable technique in particular thermal evaporation processes, soaking in a solution (so-called “dip-coating” processes), the deposition of a layer of substance, such as a solution of the electroluminescent material, or of precursor agents thereof, in a suitable solvent, on the surface of the electron-emitting electrode (or, where appropriate
- the layer of material constituting the hole-emitting electrode such as gold, tin oxide and mixed indium-tin oxide
- a transparent or translucent material is used as the substrate and the thicknesses of the layers of material constituting the two electrodes are adjusted, and those of any auxiliary layers (layers for transporting or stopping negative or positive charges), so that these layers are all transparent or translucent.
- an electroluminescent device can emit light emitting on its two faces. It is also possible, in a manner known per se, to form, on the external faces of the device according to the invention, one or more additional auxiliary layers such as reflective layers, forming a mirror, or semi-transparent and / or dielectric layers, in order to direct the light emitted by the device or to reinforce certain components, in particular by the formation of microcavities.
- additional auxiliary layers such as reflective layers, forming a mirror, or semi-transparent and / or dielectric layers, in order to direct the light emitted by the device or to reinforce certain components, in particular by the formation of microcavities.
- a second type of multicolored display can be produced using elements formed by juxtaposition of a plurality, for example three, of devices according to the invention, these devices comprising layers of different electroluminescent organic matter having lengths d 'different light emission wave, operating by mixing colors controlled by variation of voltages applied to the different devices composing each element.
- a third type of multicolored display can be produced using elements formed by juxtaposing a plurality, for example three, of devices according to the invention, these devices comprising additional auxiliary layers favoring the selection of a domain narrow wavelengths within the light emission spectrum emitted by the organic electroluminescent layer or layers, operating by mixing colors controlled by variation of voltages applied to the different devices composing each element.
- Figure 1 is a schematic sectional view of a first embodiment of the GaN-based device
- Figure 2 is a schematic sectional view, similar to that of Figure 1, of a second embodiment of the device based on GaN;
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view, in section, of an embodiment of the device based on TiO2 •
- FIGS. 4 and 5 are diagrams showing, respectively, the current-voltage characteristic curve and the light intensity-voltage characteristic curve of the electroluminescent device illustrated in FIG. 1.
- FIGS. 6 and 7 are diagrams respectively showing the current-voltage characteristic curve and the light intensity-voltage characteristic curve of the device illustrated in FIG. 3.
- Example 1 Manufacture of a first embodiment of the device according to the invention, as illustrated in FIG. 1
- a thin transparent layer 2 of gallium nitride GaN having a thickness of 10 micrometers is formed on the wafer 1, serving as a substrate, by chemical reaction in the vapor phase between the gallium chloride.
- helium used as carrier gas
- gallium chloride instead of gallium chloride, one could also use an organometallic compound of gallium, such as trimethylgallium or triethylgallium.
- the layer 2 of gallium nitride thus obtained, strongly adheres to the surface of the substrate 1. It has an n-type semiconductor character, resulting from stoichiometric vacancies, in the absence of any doping element.
- the value of the surface impedance of layer 2 is approximately 10 ohms.
- a film 3 of poly [2,5-bis (cholestanoxy) -1,4-phenylenevinylene] (polymer designated by the initials BCHA-PPV) having a 0.2 micrometer thickness.
- a drop of solution of BCHA-PPV in xylene is dropped onto the surface of layer 2 of gallium nitride (concentration of this solution 10 g / liter) and the layer of solution is distributed over this surface so as to give it a uniform thickness by rotating the wafer 1 about a vertical axis, keeping the free surface of the layer 2 oriented upwards in a horizontal plane, with a speed of 2,000 revolutions per about a minute (process called "spinning deposit” also known by the English term “spin-coating”). Then heated for 1 hour at a temperature of 100 ° C the wafer 1, thus coated with layer 2 and the BCHA-PPV solution, in an oven under reduced pressure of neutral gas (argon). This treatment causes the xylene to evaporate and the formation of a hard film 3 of BCHA-PPV which adheres well to the free surface of layer 2 of gallium nitride; this film having a thickness of 0.2 micrometer.
- neutral gas argon
- the free surface of layer 3 is covered with a thin layer 4 of gold having a thickness of 0.3 micrometers.
- the layer 4 of gold is deposited by vacuum evaporation in a manner known per se, using a conventional thermal evaporation device.
- layer 2 By applying a difference in electrical potential of a few volts between layers 2 and 4 which thus constitute, respectively, the negative electrode and the positive electrode of the device, layer 2 emits electrons which are injected into the polymer film 3 and the layer 4 emits positive charges, generally designated by the term "holes" which are injected in the opposite direction into the film 3.
- the charges of opposite sign thus injected into the film 3 combine with each other and subsequently decompose producing an emission of light, in a manner known per se.
- the characteristic curves current-voltage and light intensity-voltage of the electroluminescent device of FIG. 1 are shown in Figures 4 and 5 respectively.
- FIG. 2 A second embodiment of the device according to the invention is illustrated in FIG. 2
- This embodiment is in all respects similar to that of FIG. 1 and only differs therefrom, on the one hand, in that, between layer 2 of gallium nitride and layer 3 of an electroluminescent material, a transparent layer 6 of material promoting the transport of electrons is interposed therein (this material consisting of aluminum 8-hydroxyquinoline, compound, commonly designated by the name Alq3) and a transparent layer 7 of material constituting a charge stop layer positive (this material consisting of 2- (4 biphenyl-5- (tertbutyl-phenyl) 1, 3, 5-oxadiazole, commonly composed, designated by the name "butyl-PBD”) and, on the other hand, that the hole-emitting electrode consists of a transparent layer 4a of indium tin oxide (commercial product designated by the name ITO) having a thickness of 0.15 micrometers.
- a transparent layer 6 of material promoting the transport of electrons is interposed therein (this material consisting of aluminum 8-hydroxyquinoline, compound, commonly designated by the name Alq3)
- Layers 6 and 7 are each 0.02 micrometer thick.
- Example 3 Manufacture of a third embodiment of the device according to the invention, as illustrated in Figure 3).
- a thin and transparent layer 32 of amorphous titanium oxide Ti ⁇ 2 strongly doped with aluminum is formed on a square glass plate 1 with a side of 1 cm having a thickness of 1 mm.
- a layer of aluminum 10 nm thick is first evaporated, then a layer of Ti ⁇ 2 10 nm thick is sprayed with a magnetron, then a new layer of aluminum of 1 nm thick and so on until the total thickness of layer 2 is 50 nm.
- a layer 3 of BCHA-PPV electroluminescent polymer is then formed using a spinner, as in Example 1. Finally, a thin layer 4a of ITO obtained in a manner known per se by spraying an ITO target by ion bombardment is placed on the free surface of layer 3.
- this electroluminescent device is in all respects similar to that of the device of example 1.
- the characteristic curves current-voltage and light intensity-voltage of the electroluminescent device illustrated in FIG. 3 are indicated, respectively, in FIGS. 6 and 7.
Landscapes
- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
- Led Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH863/96 | 1996-04-03 | ||
CH86396 | 1996-04-03 | ||
CH86396 | 1996-04-03 | ||
PCT/CH1997/000133 WO1997038558A1 (fr) | 1996-04-03 | 1997-04-02 | Dispositif électroluminescent |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0891686A1 true EP0891686A1 (fr) | 1999-01-20 |
EP0891686B1 EP0891686B1 (fr) | 1999-10-06 |
Family
ID=4196942
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97908105A Expired - Lifetime EP0891686B1 (fr) | 1996-04-03 | 1997-04-02 | Dispositif electroluminescent |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6208074B1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0891686B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2000508112A (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69700602T2 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1997038558A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FI109944B (fi) * | 1998-08-11 | 2002-10-31 | Valtion Teknillinen | Optoelektroninen komponentti ja valmistusmenetelmä |
US6468676B1 (en) * | 1999-01-02 | 2002-10-22 | Minolta Co., Ltd. | Organic electroluminescent display element, finder screen display device, finder and optical device |
JP2003515909A (ja) * | 1999-11-29 | 2003-05-07 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ | 有機エレクトロルミネッセント装置とその製造方法 |
TW484238B (en) * | 2000-03-27 | 2002-04-21 | Semiconductor Energy Lab | Light emitting device and a method of manufacturing the same |
US20040109560A1 (en) * | 2000-12-29 | 2004-06-10 | Frank Nuovo | Method of producing a telephone device |
KR20050119685A (ko) * | 2003-04-08 | 2005-12-21 | 코닌클리케 필립스 일렉트로닉스 엔.브이. | 양면 발광 디바이스 |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5200668A (en) * | 1988-11-21 | 1993-04-06 | Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Inc. | Luminescence element |
JP2764591B2 (ja) * | 1988-12-16 | 1998-06-11 | 株式会社小松製作所 | 薄膜el素子とその製造方法 |
GB8909011D0 (en) | 1989-04-20 | 1989-06-07 | Friend Richard H | Electroluminescent devices |
JP2717454B2 (ja) * | 1990-07-16 | 1998-02-18 | 日本石油株式会社 | 有機薄膜エレクトロルミネッセンス素子 |
JP3205036B2 (ja) * | 1991-03-27 | 2001-09-04 | グンゼ株式会社 | 透明導電膜 |
JP2666228B2 (ja) * | 1991-10-30 | 1997-10-22 | 豊田合成株式会社 | 窒化ガリウム系化合物半導体発光素子 |
US5608287A (en) * | 1995-02-23 | 1997-03-04 | Eastman Kodak Company | Conductive electron injector for light-emitting diodes |
-
1997
- 1997-04-02 DE DE69700602T patent/DE69700602T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-04-02 US US09/155,579 patent/US6208074B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-04-02 EP EP97908105A patent/EP0891686B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-04-02 WO PCT/CH1997/000133 patent/WO1997038558A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1997-04-02 JP JP9535714A patent/JP2000508112A/ja active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of WO9738558A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2000508112A (ja) | 2000-06-27 |
WO1997038558A1 (fr) | 1997-10-16 |
DE69700602D1 (de) | 1999-11-11 |
DE69700602T2 (de) | 2000-05-18 |
US6208074B1 (en) | 2001-03-27 |
EP0891686B1 (fr) | 1999-10-06 |
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