EP0885472A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur richtungsselektiven abstrahlung elektromagnetischer wellen - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zur richtungsselektiven abstrahlung elektromagnetischer wellenInfo
- Publication number
- EP0885472A1 EP0885472A1 EP97953624A EP97953624A EP0885472A1 EP 0885472 A1 EP0885472 A1 EP 0885472A1 EP 97953624 A EP97953624 A EP 97953624A EP 97953624 A EP97953624 A EP 97953624A EP 0885472 A1 EP0885472 A1 EP 0885472A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- antenna
- resonator
- coupling
- azimuthal
- electromagnetic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
- H01Q13/04—Biconical horns
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
- H01Q25/04—Multimode antennas
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for directionally selective radiation of electromagnetic waves, in particular for use in radio communication, and a device for performing this method.
- Directional antennas are known which, due to their special geometry, have an azimuthally anisotropic radiation characteristic (see, for example, Lueger: Lexicon of Technology, Electrical Engineering and Nuclear Fundamentals, Reinbek near Hamburg, 1972).
- Frequency ranges are mainly used as directional emitters, so-called aperture antennas or group arrangements of several individual antennas, which are controlled by means of an extensive feed network.
- electronically controllable actuators for amplitude and / or phase must be used in the feed network.
- the use of such actuators is expensive and associated with performance losses. For this reason, the directionally selective radiation of electromagnetic waves in radio communications has so far hardly been used for the purpose of expanding capacity.
- Antenna arrangement can be combined, limited, with the result that only a small number of different vibration modes can be combined with each other and thus the directional effect that can be achieved is altogether quite unsatisfactory.
- the invention In contrast to the directional radiators according to the prior art, in which the directional selectivity of the radiation is achieved by a special geometry of the antenna or the antenna arrangement, the invention already creates a directional selection in the excitation field serving to excite the antenna in the feed line .
- This is achieved by superimposing electromagnetic oscillation modes, which are generated in a resonator that can be operated as a mode with its own mode.
- Each electromagnetic oscillation mode causes a characteristic location dependency of the electrical or magnetic field vectors. Due to the linear superposition of suitable vibration modes, almost any dependence on the azimuthal angle of the resulting field can be achieved.
- the individual oscillation modes are coupled into the resonator with a predetermined amplitude and / or phase ratio.
- the directional characteristic can also be changed in a predetermined manner by changing the resonator length.
- the direction of radiation can also be changed in an advantageous manner in that the oscillation modes are coupled into the resonator from a predetermined but changeable azimuthal direction.
- the so-called TEM mode In addition to the transverse electromagnetic basic mode, the so-called TEM mode, one or more higher modes of the TEmn type are expediently generated in the resonator and superimposed with the basic mode
- the superposition of the TEM mode with the TE ⁇ mode creates an excitation field which causes the formation of a one-sided radiation characteristic on the antenna.
- a higher oscillation mode is superimposed on the TEM basic mode in a predetermined amplitude and phase ratio, an anisotropic directional characteristic with a predetermined main radiation direction of the emitted electromagnetic wave is produced in accordance with the method.
- a specific change in the phase relationship between the higher vibration mode and the TEM basic mode results in a change in the preferred direction of the radiation which is adapted to the respective requirements.
- a directional characteristic is generated on the antenna, which has at least two different main radiation directions.
- a so-called "point-to-multipoint" application is thus possible, that is to say the communication of the antenna with a number of other transmitting and / or receiving antennas.
- This method differs from the method according to claim 1 in that the antenna is used as a receiving antenna, the main radiation direction being at regular intervals
- Receiving antenna communicating transmitting antenna is determined and the directional characteristic of the receiving antenna is set according to the direction of maximum reception power.
- the variation of the main radiation direction when the direction of the maximum received power is detected and when the main radiation direction is reset takes place in a very simple manner by a corresponding change in the amplitude and / or the phase ratio and / or the direction of the azimuthal coupling of the oscillation modes into the resonator which is operatively connected to the receiving antenna.
- the main radiation direction can therefore be adjusted by electronic measures and can therefore be carried out extremely quickly.
- the inventive method according to claim 6 is therefore particularly suitable for use in mobile radio communication systems.
- the object of the invention is further achieved by a device with the features of claim 7.
- a resonator is provided with at least one coupling connection for coupling an electromagnetic field.
- the resonator must be operable in top mode, i.e. that in addition to the TEM mode, higher electromagnetic vibration modes can also be generated.
- an electric field consisting of a mode mixture is formed in the resonator, which is used to excite an antenna.
- the electromagnetic wave emitted by the antenna has a directional characteristic corresponding to the mode mixture generated in the resonator.
- a single-conical or bi-conical antenna is used as the antenna.
- Antennas of this type are known, for example, from US Pat. No. 4,851,859 and are distinguished by an azimuthally uniform transmission or reception readiness over 360 degrees. So far they have been used for omnidirectional radiation.
- a Direction-selective excitation field is also emitted with a corresponding direction-selective radiation characteristic.
- the use of such an antenna is particularly advantageous because it enables radiation in almost any azimuthal direction only as a function of the geometry of the excitation field, which can be changed by simple electronic measures, without the antenna arrangement having to be changed in any way.
- the two halves of the single-conical or bi-conical antenna can also have a different radial diameter, or the inside angles of the two conical halves can be different.
- the resonator in which the electromagnetic vibration modes are generated is designed to be detunable, for example by changing its length.
- the ratio in which the individual vibration modes form in the resonator can be varied.
- a particularly simple resonator which is advantageous in particular in cooperation with a single-conical or bi-conical antenna, is provided by a coaxial waveguide which can be operated at the upper mode in order to generate higher electromagnetic oscillation modes.
- the inner and outer conductors of a coaxial waveguide can also be easily connected to the two cones of a bi-conical antenna.
- the coaxial world lenleiter has a termination at its end opposite the connection to the antenna.
- This termination can either consist of a short circuit, for example in the form of a metallic plate electrically connecting both conductors, or the termination is produced by a completely reflection-free arrangement.
- the electromagnetic field is advantageously coupled in via at least one coupling connection which is arranged on the radially outer side of the coaxial waveguide. In this way it becomes reliable
- Coupling of the electromagnetic modes achieved in the resonator is particularly advantageous. With this arrangement, radiation characteristics with different main radiation directions can be achieved in a simple manner without changing the resonator arrangement in that, depending on the desired radiation direction, different coupling connections are addressed.
- the coupling according to claim 14 is carried out by a coupling connection which is arranged at the end of the resonator opposite the connection to the antenna. In this way, an axial coupling is effected.
- Coaxial sockets are a reliable and low-radiation coupling connection.
- the electromagnetic field is coupled in via capacitive and / or inductive coupling elements.
- Coupling pins or stub lines can be used as capacitive coupling elements, and coupling loops or coils can be used as inductive coupling elements.
- These coupling elements are particularly advantageously etched as conductor tracks on a circuit board or applied in some other way, the circuit board being arranged in a suitable manner in the resonator.
- the coupling of the electromagnetic field takes place according to claim 18 by means of one or more waveguides which are connected to the resonator at coupling slots and / or coupling holes.
- the coupling connections provided for coupling the electromagnetic wave into the resonator are expediently connected to a feed network, by means of which the amplitudes and / or phases of the coupled-in oscillation modes can also be controlled.
- This is particularly advantageous since the field distribution of the mixed mode resulting from the superimposition of the vibration modes and thus the directional characteristic of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the antenna as a result of the excitation by a field of this mixed mode is particularly sensitive to the amplitude or phase ratio of the underlying vibration modes is. Because the amplitudes and phases of the coupled mood modes can be controlled separately, a wide range of adjustable directional characteristics is available.
- a single-conical and / or The bi-conical antenna is connected to a coaxial waveguide which has coupling connections for coupling electromagnetic oscillation modes both radially on the outside and at its end opposite the connection to the antenna.
- the coupling connections are connected to a feed network, by means of which the injected vibration modes can each be varied independently of one another in amplitude and / or phase.
- a coupling connection arranged opposite the antenna connection is preferably used for coupling in a basic TEM mode, the other coupling connections for coupling in higher, azimuthally anisotropic oscillation modes.
- the superimposition of the azimuthally anisotropic vibration modes leads to a directional characteristic of the emitted electromagnetic field, which has one or more well-defined main radiation directions.
- the main radiation direction can be variably adjusted.
- the arrangement consisting of antenna and resonator is not suitable for radiation, but also for receiving electromagnetic waves.
- the resonator and the antenna are operatively connected to control electronics, by means of which a direction of maximum azimuthal reception power can be determined and then by a suitable variation of the amplitude and / or phase relationships and / or the direction of the azimuthal coupling of the oscillation modes the main radiation direction
- Directional characteristic of the maximum reception power is adjustable.
- the determination of the direction of the maximum received power can take place in such a way that the main radiation direction of the directional characteristic of the antenna varies at predetermined time intervals and the received powers of different amimuthal directions are compared.
- the fact that the setting of the main radiation direction can only be carried out by means of electronic measures enables a very rapid readjustment of the main radiation direction, which is particularly advantageous when used in mobile or partially mobile radio communication devices.
- control electronics by means of which the direction of maximum azimuthal received power is determined, is operatively connected to a display device by means of which the azimuthal directional dependence of the received power can be represented acoustically or visually.
- a display device by means of which the azimuthal directional dependence of the received power can be represented acoustically or visually.
- Such a device is particularly suitable for radio location.
- the device according to the invention is suitable as a relay point in a radio communication network.
- the simultaneous reception of signals from a transmitter and the radiation of signals at a receiver - different from the transmitter - succeed.
- the sender and receiver do not need to be stationary; Rather, the rapid electronic adjustment of the main radiation direction of the relay point also enables the device according to the invention to be used in a radio communication network consisting of mobile units.
- the device according to the invention is used in a diversity system for receiving, in particular, weak or severely disturbed signals.
- the diversity consists on the one hand in a spatial separation and in an individually changeable directional characteristic of two antennas.
- the correlation of the two received signals depends on the local separation on the one hand and also on the different directional characteristics.
- the reception power of the arrangement is increased overall by a suitable electronic combination of the reception signals of both antennas.
- the radio communication system consists of at least two transmitting and receiving units, each of which has a resonator with at least one coupling connection for coupling in an electromagnetic field, which resonator is in operative connection with an antenna.
- antennas When used as intended, antennas are emitted electromagnetic waves with a directional characteristic which corresponds to the field dependence of the electromagnetic oscillation modes superposed linearly in the resonator and which at the same time has a predetermined main radiation direction.
- Control electronics align the main radiation directions of a transmitting and receiving unit with the main radiation direction in each case with the transmitting and receiving units in radio communication.
- the radio communication system has at least three transmitting and receiving units, at least one of which can also be used as a relay point. Because of the rapid electronic adjustability of the respective main radiation directions, the radio communication system is particularly suitable for use in radio communication between mobile subscribers with one another or between stationary subscribers on the one hand and mobile subscribers on the other hand.
- the relay station can be arranged in a vehicle or in a helicopter.
- the radio communication system is used in a mobile radio communication network, such as a mobile telephone network.
- the particular advantage of the radio communication system according to the invention lies in the fact that the efficient spatial bundling by means of the electronic setting of the main radiation directions of the transmitting and receiving units involved both reduces the required transmission power and improves the security against eavesdropping.
- 1 shows a bi-conical antenna connected to a coaxial waveguide
- FIG. 2 shows a central longitudinal section through the arrangement from FIG. 1
- Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the invention
- Fig. 4 shows a bi-conical antenna with connected coaxial waveguide in another embodiment
- Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the determination of a
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the radio communication between two transmitting and receiving units with the interposition of a relay point
- ig is a schematic diagram of radio communication between one transmitting and several receiving units and
- Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram for explaining the use of the inventive devices in a location / angle diversity system.
- a bi-conical antenna 2 is placed on a coaxial waveguide 3.
- the two halves 4, 5 of the bi-conical antenna 2 are arranged with their conical expansions opposite one another, radially symmetrical to one another and to the coaxial waveguide 3 and connected to the coaxial waveguide 3 in the manner described below.
- the lower half 5 of the bi-conical antenna 2, which is directly adjacent to the coaxial waveguide 3, has the approximate shape of a circular truncated cone, the height of which is selected so that its smallest radius corresponds approximately to the radius of the outer conductor 7 of the coaxial waveguide 3.
- the surface of the lower half 5 of the bi-conical antenna 2 is bent on the inside at the end with the smallest radial extent and merges into a cylindrical inner section 8, the radius of which corresponds to that of the outer conductor 7, and is electrical with it connected.
- the outer conductor 7 opens into an electrically conductive, circular end plate 9, which is also electrically connected to the inner conductor 6.
- the short-circuit existing in this way between the inner conductor 6 and the outer conductor 7 enables predetermined oscillation modes to be formed in the coaxial waveguide 3.
- the electrical field vectors vibrating in the radial direction between the inner conductor 6 and the outer conductor 7 are caused by the conical widenings the two antenna halves 4, 5 are converted into an oscillation mode parallel to the conical waveguide 3 without any azimuthal field dependence that may be present being lost.
- the electromagnetic wave emitted by the bi-conical antenna 2 thus has an azimuthal dependency which corresponds to the azimuthal directional dependency of the electric field in the coaxial waveguide 3.
- connection sockets 10 are arranged at the same angular intervals. Between the connection sockets 10 extends radially through the entire coaxial waveguide 3 through - even non-conductive - printed circuit board 11, on which - in the drawing not shown - capacitive and / or inductive coupling elements are arranged in the form of etched conductor tracks.
- An electromagnetic wave is induced in the coaxial waveguide 3 by means of the coupling elements arranged on the printed circuit board 11.
- the coaxial waveguide 3 is operated as a top mode: in addition to the TEM basic mode, further, higher electromagnetic vibration states are generated.
- the different oscillation modes of the coaxial waveguide 3 lead to corresponding oscillation modes in the bi-conical antenna 2 electrically connected to them and there lead to the emission of corresponding electromagnetic waves.
- the electrical field distribution in the coaxial waveguide 3 is radially symmetrical in the case of the TEM basic mode.
- the azimuthal radiation characteristic 20 corresponding to this mode of oscillation accordingly shows an istropic Course.
- the excitation of a TE ⁇ mode leads to an anisotropic azimuthal dependency 21 in the coaxial waveguide 3 and to an anisotropic azimuthal radiation characteristic 22, which has an axis of maximum radial electrical field strength distribution in the coaxial waveguide 3 and a main radiation direction in the radiation characteristic 22 - in this example along the line 90 ° - 270 ° - is marked.
- the electric field vectors in the coaxial waveguide on both sides of the inner conductor 6 oscillate in opposite phase.
- the part of the electric field of the TE ⁇ mode oscillating in phase with the TEM mode is therefore amplified in the coaxial waveguide 3, while the opposite phase is weakened, like the field distribution 23 of the TEM-TE.
- Mixed mode shows.
- the radiation characteristic 24 corresponding to this mixed mode has a single preferred direction of maximum radiation, in the example in the direction of 270 °.
- the arrangement 1 When the arrangement 1 is used in accordance with its intended purpose, radiation in a predetermined direction is achieved in this way.
- the direction can be varied in azimuthal angles, which correspond to the angular distances of the individual connections 10.
- Each address of one of the connections 10 leads to a similar superposition of the vibration modes - as described above - but with a different preferred direction.
- eight different preferred directions in the radiation of the electromagnetic wave on the antenna 2 can be achieved in this way.
- the arrangement 30 shown in FIG. 4 has a structure which is modified compared to the arrangement 1.
- the bi-conical antenna 2 and the coaxial waveguide 3 are constructed in the same way as in the arrangement 1.
- the arrangement 30 has only two radial connections 31, 32 arranged at an angle of 90 ° to one another are arranged radially on the outside on the outer conductor 7, and an axial connection 33 at the end of the coaxial waveguide 3 opposite the antenna.
- the connections 31, 32, 33 are connected to a feed network 35, which supplies the electrical energy necessary for coupling in predetermined electro-magnetic oscillation modes.
- Actuators 36, 37 are integrated in the feed network 35 for controlling the amplitudes of the electromagnetic field modes coupled in at the lateral connections 31, 32, and an actuator 38 for varying the phase of the field modes coupled in via the axial connection 33.
- an electromagnetic wave of the TE .. mode is coupled in via the lateral connections 31, 32.
- Dre azimuthal directivity of the associated mixing fashion from Ty] pv TE "l" lx / 'TE lly has UNQ a efähr the shape of an "eight", and has an easy axis along one of the angle bisectors between the terminals 31 and 32 corresponding to line up along the maximum There is radiation.
- the TEM basic mode is additionally fed in, which, with the field modes coupled in from the lateral connections 31, 32, forms a TEM-TE ../ TE ,. /
- this mixed mode has the same preferred axis of maximum field distribution or maximum radiation as the aforementioned
- phase actuator 38 llx By means of the phase actuator 38 llx 'lly a in the feed network 35, the phase ratio at the connections 31, 32 and at the axial connection 33 can be adjusted relative to one another. The change in this phase ratio also leads to a change in the preferred axis of maximum field distribution or maximum radiation. In this way, in the arrangement 30, an electronically controlled pivoting of the main radiation direction of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna 2 is effected in any azimuthal direction.
- the transmission and reception unit 40 shown in FIG. 5 consists in the manner described above of a biconical antenna 2 and a resonator 3 operatively connected to it, on which a plurality of coupling connections for feeding in electromagnetic oscillation modes are arranged in the circumferential direction.
- the transmitting and receiving unit 40 is additionally provided with an electronic control unit 41.
- the - in the exemplary embodiment stationary - transmitting and receiving unit 40 is in radio communication with a mobile transmitting and receiving unit 43.
- the directional characteristic of the antenna 2 of the transmitting and receiving unit 40 is adapted to the direction of maximum reception power, in the exemplary embodiment to the main radiation direction 44 of the mobile transmitting and receiving unit 43.
- the main radiation direction 46 of the directional characteristic of the antenna 2 of the transmitting and receiving unit 40 is pivoted at predetermined time intervals over the entire azimuth range of 360 °, as indicated by the arrows 47.
- the coupling connections 10 are used one after the other in a predetermined direction of rotation for feeding in the vibration modes, or by a suitable addressing of the coupling connections 10, which leads to a change in the amplitude and / or phase relationships of the coupling in the resonator 3 leads to electromagnetic vibration modes.
- the received power is measured at predetermined azimuthal angular intervals and the azimuthal dependence of the received power is determined from this, from which the direction of maximum received power is in turn calculated.
- the main radiation direction 46 is then set in the direction of the maximum received power by a suitable setting of the amplitude and / or phase relationships of the vibration modes coupled into the resonator 3 of the transmitting and receiving unit 40, or by changing the direction of the coupling of the vibration modes into the resonator
- the main radiation direction 46 can easily track the main radiation direction 44 of a moving transmitting and receiving unit 43 and thus consistently good reception can be guaranteed.
- control electronics 41 are equipped with display electronics 49 for the acoustic or optical representation of the azimuthal dependence of the
- the transmitting and receiving device 40 is thus particularly suitable for radio location.
- 7 shows the use of the transmitting and receiving unit 40 in a so-called “point-to-multipoint” connection, in which the transmitting and receiving unit 40 simultaneously establishes a radio connection with a plurality of transmitting and receiving units 43.
- the transmitting and receiving unit 40 simultaneously establishes a radio connection with a plurality of transmitting and receiving units 43.
- only those vibration modes have to be selected for coupling into the resonator whose linear superposition leads to a directional characteristic with three main radiation directions.
- sector base station antennas are often used in the mobile radio area in order to be able to define the radio coverage area in a more targeted manner.
- a radio sector is defined by a predetermined main radiation direction 54, 54 ', 54' '. These main radiation directions 54, 54 ', 54' 'can be changed as desired over the entire azimuth range and can thus be optimally adapted to the current radio traffic volume and its spatial distribution.
- FIG. 8 shows the use of two bi-conical antennas for realizing a combined location / angle diversity system.
- the two transmitting and receiving units can be controlled independently of one another by means of the electronic control 54.
- the directional characteristic 56 in the main radiation direction 57 ' is stronger than in the main radiation direction 57
- the directional characteristic 56' in the main radiation direction 57 is stronger than in the main radiation direction 57 '.
- the received signals of both transmitting and receiving units 40, 40 ' are detected by the electronic control 54 and correlated with one another. Both the spatial separation of the transmitting and receiving unit 40 and the different directional characteristics in each case lead to different received signals, the correlation of which, particularly in the case of weak signals, leads to significantly improved reception.
- a single bi-conical antenna 2 can be used in order to achieve an angular diversity across all azimuth directions by implementing two receiving channels, each with different antennas.
Landscapes
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
- Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE1965259 | 1996-12-18 | ||
DE19652595A DE19652595C2 (de) | 1996-12-18 | 1996-12-18 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur richtungsselektiven Abstrahlung elektromagnetischer Wellen |
PCT/DE1997/002914 WO1998027612A1 (de) | 1996-12-18 | 1997-12-13 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur richtungsselektiven abstrahlung elektromagnetischer wellen |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0885472A1 true EP0885472A1 (de) | 1998-12-23 |
EP0885472B1 EP0885472B1 (de) | 2003-02-05 |
Family
ID=7815073
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97953624A Expired - Lifetime EP0885472B1 (de) | 1996-12-18 | 1997-12-13 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur richtungsselektiven abstrahlung elektromagnetischer wellen |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0885472B1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU723226B2 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2246724C (de) |
DE (2) | DE19652595C2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1998027612A1 (de) |
ZA (1) | ZA9711232B (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2022115241A1 (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2022-06-02 | Raytheon Company | Mitigation of ripple in element pattern of geodesic antenna |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB9907317D0 (en) * | 1999-03-31 | 1999-05-26 | Univ St Andrews | Antenna system |
DE10012789C1 (de) * | 2000-03-14 | 2001-05-17 | Univ Dresden Tech | Vorrichtung zum richtungsselektiven Senden und Empfangen elektromagnetischer Wellen |
DE10012790C2 (de) * | 2000-03-14 | 2002-04-04 | Univ Dresden Tech | Vorrichtung zum richtungsselektiven Senden und Empfangen elektromagnetischer Wellen |
WO2001069720A1 (de) * | 2000-03-14 | 2001-09-20 | Technische Universität Dresden | Vorrichtung zum richtungsselektiven senden und empfangen elektromagnetischer wellen |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2954558A (en) * | 1958-03-20 | 1960-09-27 | Richard C Honey | Omnidirectional antenna systems |
GB889611A (en) * | 1960-05-09 | 1962-02-21 | Antenna Systems Inc | Electrically steerable horn antenna system |
US3453621A (en) * | 1966-07-08 | 1969-07-01 | Hughes Aircraft Co | Dual mode receiving and transmitting antenna |
US4005379A (en) * | 1975-11-04 | 1977-01-25 | Lockheed Electronics Co., Inc. | R.F. power distribution network for phased antenna array |
US4947178A (en) * | 1988-05-02 | 1990-08-07 | Lotfollah Shafai | Scanning antenna |
US4851859A (en) * | 1988-05-06 | 1989-07-25 | Purdue Research Foundation | Tunable discone antenna |
US5134420A (en) * | 1990-05-07 | 1992-07-28 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Bicone antenna with hemispherical beam |
-
1996
- 1996-12-18 DE DE19652595A patent/DE19652595C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-12-13 EP EP97953624A patent/EP0885472B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-12-13 WO PCT/DE1997/002914 patent/WO1998027612A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1997-12-13 CA CA002246724A patent/CA2246724C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-12-13 DE DE59709271T patent/DE59709271D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-12-13 AU AU57479/98A patent/AU723226B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-12-15 ZA ZA9711232A patent/ZA9711232B/xx unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9827612A1 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2022115241A1 (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2022-06-02 | Raytheon Company | Mitigation of ripple in element pattern of geodesic antenna |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE59709271D1 (de) | 2003-03-13 |
CA2246724C (en) | 2005-05-03 |
DE19652595A1 (de) | 1998-06-25 |
AU723226B2 (en) | 2000-08-24 |
DE19652595C2 (de) | 2001-10-11 |
WO1998027612A1 (de) | 1998-06-25 |
EP0885472B1 (de) | 2003-02-05 |
CA2246724A1 (en) | 1998-06-25 |
ZA9711232B (en) | 1998-09-02 |
AU5747998A (en) | 1998-07-15 |
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