EP0877122B1 - Energy dissipation loop and dynamic barrier with such energy dissipation loops for arresting rockfall - Google Patents

Energy dissipation loop and dynamic barrier with such energy dissipation loops for arresting rockfall Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0877122B1
EP0877122B1 EP98480032A EP98480032A EP0877122B1 EP 0877122 B1 EP0877122 B1 EP 0877122B1 EP 98480032 A EP98480032 A EP 98480032A EP 98480032 A EP98480032 A EP 98480032A EP 0877122 B1 EP0877122 B1 EP 0877122B1
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cable
fuse
energy dissipation
support cable
support
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0877122A1 (en
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Laurent Thomel
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F7/00—Devices affording protection against snow, sand drifts, side-wind effects, snowslides, avalanches or falling rocks; Anti-dazzle arrangements ; Sight-screens for roads, e.g. to mask accident site
    • E01F7/04—Devices affording protection against snowslides, avalanches or falling rocks, e.g. avalanche preventing structures, galleries
    • E01F7/045—Devices specially adapted for protecting against falling rocks, e.g. galleries, nets, rock traps

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to stopping falls from stones on sloping ground and in particular a dynamic rockfall stop barrier in which the carrying cables have loops of energy dissipation.
  • Fall protection barriers stones generally consist of a net held by posts across the predicted path of the stones on sloping ground.
  • the net consists of cables metallic, for example stainless steel, the wefts of which can slide relative to each other at the level of knots and mechanically linked by stirrup cable ties.
  • the net is supported by guy wires connected to poles whose the feet can be fixed or articulated at the level of their foundation in the ground, the posts being stabilized by cables anchored in the ground upstream and downstream.
  • the net has a faculty of relative displacement conferred by organs of limited resistance link which are cables placed between the net and upstream anchors, which include traction limiting devices likely to leave spin portions of spare cable between jaws tightened so as to dissipate part of the energy by friction.
  • organs of limited resistance link which are cables placed between the net and upstream anchors, which include traction limiting devices likely to leave spin portions of spare cable between jaws tightened so as to dissipate part of the energy by friction.
  • the traction limiters fail when the sliding between the jaws reaches the end of its travel.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a dynamic rockfall stop barrier in which loops using fusible cables allow the dissipation of kinetic energy due to the impact of blocks without causing the breakage of the carrying cables.
  • the main object of the invention is therefore a loop of energy dissipation for dynamic barrier stopping rock fall of the type comprising a net disposed between posts anchored to the ground and held in place with cables carriers connecting the posts to support plates anchored to the ground; said loop comprising a cable carrier and a fusible cable of a length determined having, with respect to the carrying cable, a reduced elastic limit and a modulus lower elasticity, the cable fuse comprising at each end a blocking means connecting the fuse cable and the cable carrying so that at rest the length of the fuse cable located between the locking means is significantly less than the length of the carrying cable located between the locking means, and each of the blocking means being intended to block the fuse cable on the carrying cable after the carrying cable has been subjected to a tensile force due to a fall of stones so that the fuse cable subsequently suffers a tensile force first causing its elongation and then its rupture.
  • Another object of the invention is a barrier dynamic rockfall stop comprising a set of energy dissipation loops according to the invention arranged in parallel or a set of dissipation loops of energy according to the invention arranged in series or a combination of the two.
  • a dynamic barrier according to the invention is installed along a contour line and looks like illustrated in Figures 1 and 2.
  • a metal net is secured to the ground by means of posts anchored to the ground and held by carrying cables 14 and guy lines 16 anchored on the ground by means of support plates 18 and anchors.
  • energy dissipation kinetics is carried out initially thanks to the mesh particular of the net which allows, during the impact, to make slide the cables forming the frame.
  • the supporting cables which can as in the example illustrated in figure 1, form a triangle using two pulleys 20 or recesses located at the bottom and at the top of the posts 12, collect after the shock of the block most of kinetic energy acquired by the block and therefore must be equipped with energy dissipation mechanisms.
  • These mechanisms are loops with fusible cables as we will see, and can be, according to modes individuals carrying out the invention, loops mounted in parallel 22 or 24 or loops mounted in series 26.
  • FIG. 3 A first embodiment of a loop of energy dissipation is shown in Figure 3.
  • the loop includes a fuse cable 30 which can slide with the carrying cable 14 in two sliding means such as sliding sleeves 32 and 34 generally made of aluminum in which the two cables are clamped against each other according to a greater or lesser clamping force determining the friction resistance to be opposed to a force of traction exerted on the carrying cable 14.
  • a stop sleeve 36 or 38 At each end of the fuse cable 30 is a stop sleeve 36 or 38, generally made of aluminum fixed on the cable.
  • AT the inside of the loop 40 formed by the carrying cable 14 find two other stop sleeves 42 and 44 fixed on the carrier cable 14.
  • the left part is identical to the first mode of realization, but on the right side, there is only one blocking sleeve 46 which blocks together the carrying cable 14 and the fuse cable 30.
  • everything is therefore passes in the manner described with reference to the first mode illustrated in FIG. 3, while for the right side, there is blockage from the start.
  • the fuse cable 30 is stretched, elongated and breaks when the sliding sleeve 32 is in abutment on the stop sleeve 36.
  • the two right and left parts have also locking sleeves 46 and 48.
  • the cable fuse 30 goes directly into traction lengthens and breaks.
  • the loop 40 of the carrying cable must have a length such that when the sleeves sliding stops on the stop sleeve (s) in the embodiments of Figures 3 and 4 or immediately in the embodiment of Figure 5, the length of the fuse cable 30 is less than the length of the part of the carrying cable between the two locking points.
  • the length of the loop 40 should not be is too large to prevent an acceleration too much of the carrying cable when the fuse cable.
  • a larger loop 40 must be provided as in the illustration in figure 1 since the two cables start by sliding against each other with the result of reducing the length of the loop 40 located between the sleeves.
  • FIG. 6B a tensile force due to the impact of a block is exerted on the carrying cable 14 in the direction of arrows.
  • Fuse cable 30 has run against cable carrier in the sliding sleeve 32 (which dissipates a part of kinetic energy) until the stop sleeve 42 comes into abutment against the sliding sleeve 32.
  • the length of the loop 40 between the sleeves was therefore scaled down.
  • an interest in energy dissipation loops according to the invention is to mount them in parallel or in series of so that when each fusible cable breaks, the voltage exercises on the following until all the cables fuses of all the loops are broken.
  • An example mounting of parallel loops is illustrated in figure 7 where all the loops are according to the embodiment of the Figure 5.
  • the fuse cable 50 is stretched between the two locking sleeves 52 and 54.
  • the fuse cable 50 breaks and the second fuse cable 56 breaks tends between the two locking sleeves 58 and 60.
  • After break of the fuse cable 56 it is the turn of the fuse cable 62 to be stretched between the sleeves 64 and 66 and finally to the cable 68 between sleeves 70 and 72.
  • the carrying cable 14 itself tends to its turn since there are no more unbroken fuse cables.
  • the kinetic energy to be dissipated gradually weakens the rupture of successive fuse cables. That is why, it is possible to provide successive fuse cables of which the resistance force opposite to the traction force exerted on the carrying cable is decreasing. Normally, with optimal mounting, the resistance opposed by the last fuse cable should be relatively small as far where the kinetic energy to dissipate is low at this time.
  • Load-bearing cables used in barriers rock fall arrest dynamics are generally metal cables, preferably steel, with a diameter generally between 10 and 25mm.
  • Fuse cables are cables with a length for example between 0.5m and 1m and which can be the same diameter as the carrier cables.
  • Fuse cables which must have a reduced elastic limit and a modulus of elasticity lower than that of carrier cables, can be metal, especially steel, but also a material plastic or composite with mechanical parameters equivalent to steel, fire and radiation resistant they are constantly exposed to.

Abstract

The barrier for stopping and absorbing the energy of falling rocks comprises a net (10) located between two posts anchored in the ground. It is held by carrying cables (14) connecting the posts to support plates (18) anchored in the ground. A fusible cable has a reduced elasticity and a modulus of elasticity less than the carrying cable. This cable has at each end locking device connecting the fusible and carrying cable assembly so that at rest the length of the fusible cable between the locking device is less than the length of the carrying cable. Each of the locking device lock the fusible cable on the carrying cable after the latter has been subjected to a traction force due to the fall of rocks. The fusible cable subsequently undergoes a traction force along its length following which it ruptures.

Description

La présente invention concerne l'arrêt des chutes de pierres sur des terrains en pente et en particulier une barrière dynamique d'arrêt des chutes de pierres dans laquelle les câbles porteurs comportent des boucles de dissipation d'énergie.The present invention relates to stopping falls from stones on sloping ground and in particular a dynamic rockfall stop barrier in which the carrying cables have loops of energy dissipation.

Les barrières de protection contre les chutes de pierres sont généralement constituées d'un filet tenu par des poteaux en travers de la trajectoire prévisible des pierres sur des terrains en pente. Le filet est constitué de câbles métalliques, par exemple en inox, dont les trames peuvent coulisser les unes par rapport aux autres au niveau des noeuds et lié mécaniquement par des serre-câbles à étrier. Le filet est soutenu par des haubans reliés à des poteaux dont les pieds peuvent être fixes ou articulés au niveau de leur fondation dans le sol, les poteaux étant stabilisés par des câbles ancrés dans le sol en amont et en aval.Fall protection barriers stones generally consist of a net held by posts across the predicted path of the stones on sloping ground. The net consists of cables metallic, for example stainless steel, the wefts of which can slide relative to each other at the level of knots and mechanically linked by stirrup cable ties. The net is supported by guy wires connected to poles whose the feet can be fixed or articulated at the level of their foundation in the ground, the posts being stabilized by cables anchored in the ground upstream and downstream.

Lors d'un impact par un bloc, il y a absorption d'une partie de l'énergie du bloc par déformation du filet au niveau des serre-câbles et des poteaux à leur base et les déformations élastiques réduisent également l'énergie initiale.During an impact by a block, there is absorption of a part of the energy of the block by deformation of the net at level of cable ties and posts at their base and elastic deformations also reduce energy initial.

Cependant, ce type de barrière n'est pas toujours suffisant pour arrêter en toutes circonstances les plus gros blocs susceptibles de dévaler les pentes. Des solutions ont donc été adoptées pour améliorer l'efficacité des barrières d'arrêt. On a ainsi prévu d'attacher le filet sur les poteaux par l'intermédiaire de ressorts. Mais l'amélioration est limitée en raison de la faible élongation possible des ressorts.However, this type of barrier is not always sufficient to stop the biggest in all circumstances blocks likely to hit the slopes. Solutions have therefore adopted to improve the effectiveness of barriers Stop. We thus planned to attach the net on the posts by means of springs. But the improvement is limited due to the small possible elongation of springs.

Dans le brevet FR-A-2.414.586, le filet possède une faculté de déplacement relatif conféré par des organes de liaison à résistance limitée qui sont des câbles placés entre le filet et des ancrages en amont, et qui comportent des dispositifs limiteurs de traction susceptibles de laisser filer des portions de câble de réserve entre des mâchoires serrées de façon à dissiper une partie de l'énergie par frottement. Malheureusement, si l'impact est trop fort, les dispositifs limiteurs de traction cèdent lorsque le coulissement entre les mâchoires arrive en bout de course.In patent FR-A-2,414,586, the net has a faculty of relative displacement conferred by organs of limited resistance link which are cables placed between the net and upstream anchors, which include traction limiting devices likely to leave spin portions of spare cable between jaws tightened so as to dissipate part of the energy by friction. Unfortunately, if the impact is too strong, the traction limiters fail when the sliding between the jaws reaches the end of its travel.

Dans la demande internationale WO 87/00878, les câbles de retenue du filet comportent des boucles de friction chargées de dissiper une partie de l'énergie due aux impacts, par frottement et allongement du câble. Mais comme il a été mentionné précédemment, si l'impact est très important, le câble risque de céder lorsqu'il arrive en fin d'allongement après que la longueur de câble de réserve de la boucle a été épuisée.In international application WO 87/00878, the cables for net retainers have loaded friction loops dissipate part of the energy due to impacts, by friction and elongation of the cable. But as it was previously mentioned, if the impact is very significant, the cable may break when it reaches the end of extension after the loop reserve cable length has been exhausted.

C'est pourquoi le but de l'invention est de fournir une barrière dynamique d'arrêt de chutes de pierres dans laquelle des boucles utilisant des câbles fusibles permettent la dissipation de l'énergie cinétique due à l'impact des blocs sans entraíner la rupture des câbles porteurs.This is why the object of the invention is to provide a dynamic rockfall stop barrier in which loops using fusible cables allow the dissipation of kinetic energy due to the impact of blocks without causing the breakage of the carrying cables.

L'objet principal de l'invention est donc une boucle de dissipation d'énergie pour barrière dynamique d'arrêt de chutes de pierres du type comportant un filet disposé entre des poteaux ancrés au sol et maintenus à l'aide de câbles porteurs reliant les poteaux à des plaques d'appui ancrées au sol; ladite boucle comportant un câble porteur et un câble fusible d'une longueur déterminée ayant, par rapport au câble porteur, une limite d'élasticité réduite et un module d'élasticité plus faible, le câble fusible comportant à chaque extrémité un moyen de blocage reliant ensemble le câble fusible et le câble porteur de manière à ce qu'au repos la longueur du câble fusible située entre les moyens de blocage soit sensiblement inférieure à la longueur du câble porteur située entre les moyens de blocage, et chacun des moyens de blocage étant destiné à bloquer le câble fusible sur le câble porteur après que le câble porteur a été soumis à une force de traction due à une chute de pierres de sorte que le câble fusible subisse subséquemment une force de traction entraínant d'abord son allongement et ensuite sa rupture.The main object of the invention is therefore a loop of energy dissipation for dynamic barrier stopping rock fall of the type comprising a net disposed between posts anchored to the ground and held in place with cables carriers connecting the posts to support plates anchored to the ground; said loop comprising a cable carrier and a fusible cable of a length determined having, with respect to the carrying cable, a reduced elastic limit and a modulus lower elasticity, the cable fuse comprising at each end a blocking means connecting the fuse cable and the cable carrying so that at rest the length of the fuse cable located between the locking means is significantly less than the length of the carrying cable located between the locking means, and each of the blocking means being intended to block the fuse cable on the carrying cable after the carrying cable has been subjected to a tensile force due to a fall of stones so that the fuse cable subsequently suffers a tensile force first causing its elongation and then its rupture.

Un autre objet de l'invention est une barrière dynamique d'arrêt de chutes de pierres comportant un ensemble de boucles de dissipation d'énergie selon l'invention disposées en parallèle ou un ensemble de boucles de dissipation d'énergie selon l'invention disposées en série ou une combinaison des deux.Another object of the invention is a barrier dynamic rockfall stop comprising a set of energy dissipation loops according to the invention arranged in parallel or a set of dissipation loops of energy according to the invention arranged in series or a combination of the two.

Les buts, objets et caractéristiques de l'invention ressortiront mieux à la lecture de la description suivante en référence aux dessins dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 représente une coupe en travers de la barrière dynamique selon un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention,
  • la figure 2 représente une vue en plan de la barrière dynamique illustrée sur la figure 1,
  • la figure 3 représente un premier mode de réalisation d'une boucle de dissipation d'énergie pouvant être utilisée dans la barrière illustrée sur les figures 1 et 2,
  • La figure 4 représente un deuxième mode de réalisation d'une boucle de dissipation d'énergie pouvant être utilisée dans la barrière illustrée sur les figures 1 et 2,
  • la figure 5 représente un troisième mode de réalisation d'une boucle de dissipation d'énergie pouvant être utilisée dans la barrière illustrée sur les figures 1 et 2,
  • Les figures 6A à 6D représentent les différentes phases du comportement d'une boucle de dissipation d'énergie lorsque le câble porteur est soumis à une force de traction, et
  • la figure 7 représente un ensemble de boucles de dissipation d'énergie montées en parallèle sur un câble porteur.
    • The aims, objects and characteristics of the invention will emerge more clearly on reading the following description with reference to the drawings in which:
  • FIG. 1 represents a cross section of the dynamic barrier according to a preferred embodiment of the invention,
  • FIG. 2 represents a plan view of the dynamic barrier illustrated in FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3 represents a first embodiment of an energy dissipation loop which can be used in the barrier illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2,
  • FIG. 4 represents a second embodiment of an energy dissipation loop which can be used in the barrier illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2,
  • FIG. 5 represents a third embodiment of an energy dissipation loop which can be used in the barrier illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2,
  • FIGS. 6A to 6D represent the different phases of the behavior of an energy dissipation loop when the carrying cable is subjected to a tensile force, and
  • FIG. 7 represents a set of energy dissipation loops mounted in parallel on a carrying cable.

    • Une barrière dynamique selon l'invention est installée le long d'une courbe de niveau et se présente de la façon illustrée sur les figures 1 et 2. Un filet métallique est arrimé au terrain au moyen de poteaux ancrés au sol et maintenus par des câbles porteurs 14 et des haubans 16 ancrés au sol au moyen de plaques d'appui 18 et d'ancrages. En cas de chute de blocs de pierre, la dissipation d'énergie cinétique s'effectue dans un premier temps grâce au maillage particulier du filet qui permet, lors de l'impact, de faire coulisser les câbles formant la trame. A dynamic barrier according to the invention is installed along a contour line and looks like illustrated in Figures 1 and 2. A metal net is secured to the ground by means of posts anchored to the ground and held by carrying cables 14 and guy lines 16 anchored on the ground by means of support plates 18 and anchors. In case falling stone blocks, energy dissipation kinetics is carried out initially thanks to the mesh particular of the net which allows, during the impact, to make slide the cables forming the frame.

    Les câbles porteurs qui peuvent comme dans l'exemple illustré sur la figure 1, former un triangle au moyen de deux poulies 20 ou d'évidements situés en bas et en haut des poteaux 12, encaissent après le choc du bloc l'essentiel de l'énergie cinétique acquise par le bloc et doivent donc être équipés de mécanismes de dissipation d'énergie. Ces mécanismes sont des boucles comportant des câbles fusibles comme on va le voir, et pouvant être, selon des modes particuliers de réalisation de l'invention, des boucles montées en parallèle 22 ou 24 ou des boucles montées en série 26.The supporting cables which can as in the example illustrated in figure 1, form a triangle using two pulleys 20 or recesses located at the bottom and at the top of the posts 12, collect after the shock of the block most of kinetic energy acquired by the block and therefore must be equipped with energy dissipation mechanisms. These mechanisms are loops with fusible cables as we will see, and can be, according to modes individuals carrying out the invention, loops mounted in parallel 22 or 24 or loops mounted in series 26.

    Un premier mode de réalisation d'une boucle de dissipation d'énergie est représenté sur la figure 3. La boucle comprend un câble fusible 30 pouvant coulisser avec le câble porteur 14 dans deux moyens de coulissement tels que des manchons coulissants 32 et 34 généralement en aluminium dans lesquels les deux câbles sont serrés l'un contre l'autre selon une force de serrage plus ou moins importante déterminant la résistance de frottement à opposer à une force de traction exercée sur le câble porteur 14. A chaque extrémité du câble fusible 30 se trouve un manchon d'arrêt 36 ou 38, généralement en aluminium fixé sur le câble. A l'intérieur de la boucle 40 formée par le câble porteur 14 se trouvent deux autres manchons d'arrêt 42 et 44 fixés sur le câble porteur 14. Ainsi, lorsqu'une force de traction due à la chute de blocs, est exercée sur le câble porteur 14, la boucle 40 se raccourcit, les deux manchons d'arrêt 42 et 44 viennent en butée contre respectivement les manchons coulissants 32 et 34. A ce moment-là, les deux câbles coulissent l'un contre l'autre en exerçant la force de frottement évoquée précédemment. Sous la force exercée par les manchons d'arrêt 42 et 44, les manchons coulissants 32 et 34, viennent en butée sur les manchons d'arrêt d'extrémité 36 et 38. Le câble fusible 30 se tend alors sous l'effet de la force de traction exercée sur le câble porteur, s'allonge et finit par se rompre.A first embodiment of a loop of energy dissipation is shown in Figure 3. The loop includes a fuse cable 30 which can slide with the carrying cable 14 in two sliding means such as sliding sleeves 32 and 34 generally made of aluminum in which the two cables are clamped against each other according to a greater or lesser clamping force determining the friction resistance to be opposed to a force of traction exerted on the carrying cable 14. At each end of the fuse cable 30 is a stop sleeve 36 or 38, generally made of aluminum fixed on the cable. AT the inside of the loop 40 formed by the carrying cable 14 find two other stop sleeves 42 and 44 fixed on the carrier cable 14. Thus, when a tensile force due to the falling blocks, is exerted on the carrying cable 14, the loop 40 is shortened, the two stop sleeves 42 and 44 abut respectively against the sleeves sliding 32 and 34. At this time, the two cables slide against each other, exerting the force of friction mentioned previously. Under the force exerted by the stop sleeves 42 and 44, the sliding sleeves 32 and 34, abut on the end stop sleeves 36 and 38. The fuse cable 30 then stretches under the effect of the tensile force exerted on the carrying cable, lengthens and ends up breaking.

    Dans un deuxième mode de réalisation illustré sur la figure 4, la partie gauche est identique au premier mode de réalisation, mais sur la partie droite, il n'y a plus qu'un manchon de blocage 46 qui bloque, ensemble, le câble porteur 14 et le câble fusible 30. Pour la partie gauche, tout se passe donc de la façon décrite en référence au premier mode de réalisation illustré sur la figure 3, alors que pour la partie droite, il y a blocage dès le début. De la même façon que précédemment le câble fusible 30 se tend, s'allonge et se rompt lorsque le manchon coulissant 32 est en butée sur le manchon d'arrêt 36.In a second embodiment illustrated on the Figure 4, the left part is identical to the first mode of realization, but on the right side, there is only one blocking sleeve 46 which blocks together the carrying cable 14 and the fuse cable 30. For the left side, everything is therefore passes in the manner described with reference to the first mode illustrated in FIG. 3, while for the right side, there is blockage from the start. In the same way that previously the fuse cable 30 is stretched, elongated and breaks when the sliding sleeve 32 is in abutment on the stop sleeve 36.

    Dans le troisième mode de réalisation illustré sur la figure 5, les deux parties droite et gauche comportent également des manchons de blocage 46 et 48. Lorsque la force de traction est exercée sur le câble porteur 14, le câble fusible 30 passe directement en traction s'allonge et se rompt.In the third embodiment illustrated on the Figure 5, the two right and left parts have also locking sleeves 46 and 48. When the force of traction is exerted on the carrying cable 14, the cable fuse 30 goes directly into traction lengthens and breaks.

    De façon générale, la boucle 40 de câble porteur doit avoir une longueur telle que, lorsque les manchons coulissants arrivent en butée sur le ou les manchons d'arrêt dans les modes de réalisation des figures 3 et 4 ou immédiatement dans le mode de réalisation de la figure 5, la longueur du câble fusible 30 soit inférieure à la longueur de la partie de câble porteur entre les deux points de blocage. Toutefois, il ne faut pas que la longueur de la boucle 40 soit trop importante pour éviter qu'il y ait une accélération trop importante du câble porteur au moment de la rupture du câble fusible. Lorsque des manchons coulissants sont utilisés (cas des figures 3 et 4), une boucle 40 plus importante doit être prévue comme dans l'illustration de la figure 1 puisque les deux câbles commencent par coulisser l'un contre l'autre en ayant pour résultat de diminuer la longueur de la boucle 40 située entre les manchons.Generally, the loop 40 of the carrying cable must have a length such that when the sleeves sliding stops on the stop sleeve (s) in the embodiments of Figures 3 and 4 or immediately in the embodiment of Figure 5, the length of the fuse cable 30 is less than the length of the part of the carrying cable between the two locking points. However, the length of the loop 40 should not be is too large to prevent an acceleration too much of the carrying cable when the fuse cable. When sliding sleeves are used (in the case of FIGS. 3 and 4), a larger loop 40 must be provided as in the illustration in figure 1 since the two cables start by sliding against each other with the result of reducing the length of the loop 40 located between the sleeves.

    Le processus complet de dissipation d'énergie dans une boucle selon le deuxième mode de réalisation de la figure 4 est illustré sur les figures 6A à 6D. Sur la figure 6A, l'ensemble est au repos, c'est à dire qu'aucune force de traction ne s'exerce sur le câble porteur 14.The entire process of dissipating energy in a loop according to the second embodiment of Figure 4 is illustrated in Figures 6A to 6D. In Figure 6A, the whole is at rest, that is to say that no force of traction is exerted on the carrying cable 14.

    Sur la figure 6B, une force de traction due à l'impact d'un bloc s'exerce sur le câble porteur 14 dans le sens des flèches. Le câble fusible 30 a coulissé contre le câble porteur dans le manchon coulissant 32 (ce qui dissipe une partie d'énergie cinétique) jusqu'à ce que le manchon d'arrêt 42 vienne en butée contre le manchon coulissant 32. La longueur de la boucle 40 entre les manchons a donc été réduite.In FIG. 6B, a tensile force due to the impact of a block is exerted on the carrying cable 14 in the direction of arrows. Fuse cable 30 has run against cable carrier in the sliding sleeve 32 (which dissipates a part of kinetic energy) until the stop sleeve 42 comes into abutment against the sliding sleeve 32. The length of the loop 40 between the sleeves was therefore scaled down.

    Sur la figure 6C, le manchon coulissant 32 est arrivé en butée sur le manchon d'arrêt 36 et le câble fusible tendu s'allonge, ce qui entraíne une absorption d'une partie de l'énergie cinétique, jusqu'à sa rupture illustrée sur la figure 6D.In Figure 6C, the sliding sleeve 32 has arrived in abutment on the stop sleeve 36 and the tensioned fuse cable lengthens, which results in absorption of part of kinetic energy, until its rupture illustrated on the Figure 6D.

    Comme il a déjà été mentionné en référence aux figures 1 et 2, un intérêt des boucles de dissipation d'énergie selon l'invention est de les monter en parallèle ou en série de sorte qu'à la rupture de chaque câble fusible, la tension s'exerce sur les suivantes jusqu'à ce que tous les câbles fusibles de toutes les boucles se soient rompus. Un exemple de montage de boucles parallèles est illustré sur la figure 7 où toutes les boucles sont selon le mode de réalisation de la figure 5. Au départ, le câble fusible 50 est tendu entre les deux manchons de blocage 52 et 54. Après allongement, le câble fusible 50 se rompt et le deuxième câble fusible 56 se tend entre les deux manchons de blocage 58 et 60. Après rupture du câble fusible 56, c'est au tour du câble fusible 62 d'être tendu entre les manchons 64 et 66 et enfin au câble 68 entre les manchons 70 et 72. Lorsque le dernier câble fusible 68 se rompt, le câble porteur 14 lui-même se tend à son tour puisqu'il n'y a plus de câbles fusibles non rompus.As already mentioned with reference to the figures 1 and 2, an interest in energy dissipation loops according to the invention is to mount them in parallel or in series of so that when each fusible cable breaks, the voltage exercises on the following until all the cables fuses of all the loops are broken. An example mounting of parallel loops is illustrated in figure 7 where all the loops are according to the embodiment of the Figure 5. At the start, the fuse cable 50 is stretched between the two locking sleeves 52 and 54. After lengthening, the fuse cable 50 breaks and the second fuse cable 56 breaks tends between the two locking sleeves 58 and 60. After break of the fuse cable 56, it is the turn of the fuse cable 62 to be stretched between the sleeves 64 and 66 and finally to the cable 68 between sleeves 70 and 72. When the last cable fuse 68 breaks, the carrying cable 14 itself tends to its turn since there are no more unbroken fuse cables.

    Dans un montage comme celui illustré sur la figure 7, l'énergie cinétique à dissiper s'affaiblit au fur et à mesure de la rupture des câbles fusibles successifs. C'est pourquoi, il est possible de prévoir des câbles fusibles successifs dont la force de résistance opposée à la force de traction exercée sur le câble porteur soit décroissante. Normalement, avec un montage optimal, la résistance opposée par le dernier câble fusible devrait être relativement faible dans la mesure où l'énergie cinétique à dissiper est faible à ce moment là. In an assembly like that illustrated in FIG. 7, the kinetic energy to be dissipated gradually weakens the rupture of successive fuse cables. That is why, it is possible to provide successive fuse cables of which the resistance force opposite to the traction force exerted on the carrying cable is decreasing. Normally, with optimal mounting, the resistance opposed by the last fuse cable should be relatively small as far where the kinetic energy to dissipate is low at this time.

    On doit noter qu'il est possible de monter sur un même câble porteur plusieurs ensembles de boucles en parallèle comme c'est le cas illustré sur les figures 1 et 2, mais également une suite de boucles en série combinées avec un ensemble de boucles en parallèle tel qu'illustré sur la figure 7.It should be noted that it is possible to climb on the same carrying cable several sets of loops in parallel as shown in Figures 1 and 2, but also a series of series loops combined with a set of parallel loops as shown on the figure 7.

    Il est également possible de monter plusieurs câbles fusibles en parallèle entre deux manchons. Dans ce cas, il faut que les câbles fusibles aient des longueurs différentes et/ou des modules d'élasticité différents pour qu'ils s'allongent et se rompent successivement lorsque la force de traction s'applique sur le câble porteur.It is also possible to mount several cables fuses in parallel between two sleeves. In this case, it the fusible cables must have different lengths and / or different elastic modules so that they elongate and break successively when the force of traction is applied to the carrying cable.

    Les câbles porteurs utilisés dans les barrières dynamiques d'arrêt de chutes de pierres sont généralement des câbles métalliques, en acier de préférence, d'un diamètre généralement compris entre 10 et 25mm. Les câbles fusibles sont des câbles d'une longueur comprise par exemple entre 0,5m et 1m et qui peuvent être de même diamètre que les câbles porteurs. Les câbles fusibles qui doivent présenter une limite d'élasticité réduite et un module d'élasticité plus faible que celui des câbles porteurs, peuvent être en métal, notamment en acier, mais également en un matériau plastique ou composite présentant des paramètres mécaniques équivalents à ceux de l'acier, résistant au feu et aux rayons ultraviolets auxquels ils sont exposés constamment.Load-bearing cables used in barriers rock fall arrest dynamics are generally metal cables, preferably steel, with a diameter generally between 10 and 25mm. Fuse cables are cables with a length for example between 0.5m and 1m and which can be the same diameter as the carrier cables. Fuse cables which must have a reduced elastic limit and a modulus of elasticity lower than that of carrier cables, can be metal, especially steel, but also a material plastic or composite with mechanical parameters equivalent to steel, fire and radiation resistant they are constantly exposed to.

    Claims (9)

    1. An energy dissipation loop for a dynamic falling rock barrier, said barrier featuring a net (10) placed between poles (12) anchored in the ground and maintained by means of support cables (14) connecting the poles to bearing plates (18) anchored in the ground, said loop featuring a support cable and being characterized in that it includes:
      a fuse cable (30) of a given length having a reduced elastic limit and a lower modulus of elasticity, said fuse cable featuring a blocking means (32, 36, 42, and 46) at each end which connects the fuse cable and the support cable in such a manner that when at rest, the length of the fuse cable located between said blocking means are appreciably less than that of the support cable located between said blocking means, and each of said blocking means being designed to block the fuse cable on the support cable after said support cable has been subjected to a traction force due to falling rocks such that said fuse cable subsequently undergoes a traction force which first causes its elongation then its rupture.
    2. The energy dissipation loop according to claim 1, featuring a blocking means on at least one of its two ends made up of a sliding sleeve (32) clamping said support cable (14) and said fuse cable (30) together while enabling them to slide past one another, a stop sleeve (36) secured to the end of said fuse cable and at the outside of the energy dissipation loop and a stop sleeve (42) secured on said support cable on the inside of said loop, such that when said support cable is subjected to a traction force, said support cable slides on said fuse cable until said stop sleeve secured on said support cable butts up against said sliding sleeve, then said support cable continues to slide on said fuse cable until said sliding sleeve butts up against said stop sleeve at the end of said fuse cable and finally, so that the fuse cable undergoes elongation under the effect of the traction force applied to it before causing its rupture (Figures 6A - 6D).
    3. The energy dissipation loop according to claim 1, including a blocking sleeve (46 or 48) as a blocking means which locks said support cable (14) and said fuse cable (30) together such that said fuse cable is subjected to a traction force which first leads to its elongation and finally its rupture as soon as said support cable is subjected to a traction force due to falling rocks.
    4. The energy dissipation loops according to claims 2 and 3, including on one side a blocking means formed by a sliding sleeve (32), a stop sleeve (36) secured to the end of said fuse cable (30) and a stop sleeve (42) secured on said support cable (14), and on the other side, a blocking means (46) to lock said support cable and said fuse cable together.
    5. The loop according to any one of claims 1 through 4, including a plurality of fuse cables (30) in parallel between said blocking means of different lengths and/or having different modulus' of elasticity, such that said fuse cables stretch and break successively when the traction force is applied to said support cable (14).
    6. A dynamic falling rock barrier featuring a net (10) placed between two poles (12) designed to be anchored in the ground and maintained by means of support cables (14); characterized in that it includes several energy dissipation loops according to claims 2 through 5.
    7. The barrier according to claim 6, in which said energy dissipation loops are mounted in series on said support cable (14).
    8. The barrier according to claim 6, in which said energy dissipation loops are mounted in parallel (Figure 7) on said support cable (14).
    9. The barrier according to claim 6, featuring at least one set of loops mounted in parallel (Figure 7) in combination with several loops mounted in series.
    EP98480032A 1997-05-07 1998-05-07 Energy dissipation loop and dynamic barrier with such energy dissipation loops for arresting rockfall Expired - Lifetime EP0877122B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    FR9705880 1997-05-07
    FR9705880A FR2763083B1 (en) 1997-05-07 1997-05-07 DYNAMIC FALLING STONE BARRIER WITH ENERGY DISSIPATION LOOP

    Publications (2)

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    EP0877122A1 EP0877122A1 (en) 1998-11-11
    EP0877122B1 true EP0877122B1 (en) 2003-04-09

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    EP98480032A Expired - Lifetime EP0877122B1 (en) 1997-05-07 1998-05-07 Energy dissipation loop and dynamic barrier with such energy dissipation loops for arresting rockfall

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    AT (1) ATE237035T1 (en)
    DE (1) DE69813073D1 (en)
    FR (1) FR2763083B1 (en)

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    WO2022035508A1 (en) * 2020-08-10 2022-02-17 R&B Leasing, Llc System and method for mitigating rockfalls
    US11391005B2 (en) 2017-08-04 2022-07-19 R&B Leasing, Llc System and method for mitigating rockfalls

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    US6254063B1 (en) * 1998-11-04 2001-07-03 Safety By Design, Inc. Energy absorbing breakaway steel guardrail post
    IT1316786B1 (en) * 2000-02-25 2003-05-12 Gianangelo Cargnel PARAMASS BARRIER WITH CONTAINMENT NET BAG CONTAINED TO THE SUMMIT AND BASIC CAVIDS
    DE60030690T2 (en) 2000-05-18 2007-09-20 Tecnap S.A.R.L. Shock-absorbing device
    EP1469130A1 (en) * 2003-04-14 2004-10-20 AVT Anker + Vorspanntechnik AG Braking element
    FR2899251A1 (en) * 2006-03-31 2007-10-05 Laurent Thomel DEVICE FOR BRAKING A BODY IN MOTION
    CH701591B1 (en) * 2007-10-18 2011-02-15 Geobrugg Ag Braking device.
    FR2936786B1 (en) * 2008-10-07 2012-01-27 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa DEVICE FOR RETAINING OBJECTS STACKED IN STORAGE AREAS.
    EP2711461B1 (en) * 2012-09-21 2016-06-08 Trumer Schutzbauten GesmbH Support for a rock fall obstruction
    FR3045682B1 (en) * 2015-12-16 2019-07-12 Technologie Alpine De Securite -Tas DEVICE FOR RETAINING MATERIALS
    CH713179A1 (en) * 2016-11-29 2018-05-31 Jakob Ag Cable brake.

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    FR2414586B1 (en) * 1978-01-16 1985-09-06 Ind Entreprise PROTECTION AND SECURITY BARRIER, ESPECIALLY AGAINST STONE FALLS
    IT1184798B (en) * 1985-07-31 1987-10-28 Gianangelo Cargnel IMPROVED ELASTIC WALL PROTECTION STRUCTURE
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    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    US11391005B2 (en) 2017-08-04 2022-07-19 R&B Leasing, Llc System and method for mitigating rockfalls
    WO2022035508A1 (en) * 2020-08-10 2022-02-17 R&B Leasing, Llc System and method for mitigating rockfalls

    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    EP0877122A1 (en) 1998-11-11
    FR2763083B1 (en) 1999-07-02
    ATE237035T1 (en) 2003-04-15
    FR2763083A1 (en) 1998-11-13
    DE69813073D1 (en) 2003-05-15

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