EP0876670B1 - Procede de production d'une piece faconnee a partir d'un materiau de contact a base d'argent - Google Patents

Procede de production d'une piece faconnee a partir d'un materiau de contact a base d'argent Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0876670B1
EP0876670B1 EP97914051A EP97914051A EP0876670B1 EP 0876670 B1 EP0876670 B1 EP 0876670B1 EP 97914051 A EP97914051 A EP 97914051A EP 97914051 A EP97914051 A EP 97914051A EP 0876670 B1 EP0876670 B1 EP 0876670B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
silver
contact material
metal oxide
iron
rhenium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97914051A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0876670A2 (fr
Inventor
Franz Hauner
Günter Tiefel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Metaux Precieux Metalor SA
Original Assignee
METAUX PRECIEUX
Metaux Precieux Metalor SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by METAUX PRECIEUX, Metaux Precieux Metalor SA filed Critical METAUX PRECIEUX
Publication of EP0876670A2 publication Critical patent/EP0876670A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0876670B1 publication Critical patent/EP0876670B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021—Composite material
    • H01H1/023—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
    • H01H11/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts
    • H01H11/048—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts by powder-metallurgical processes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021—Composite material
    • H01H1/023—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material
    • H01H1/0237—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material and containing oxides
    • H01H2001/02378—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material and containing oxides containing iron-oxide as major component

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a Fitting made of a silver-based contact material.
  • the invention further relates to such a contact material as well a fitting made of such a contact material.
  • silver-based contact materials that contain certain active components have long proven themselves. Both metals and metal oxides are known as active components which have a favorable influence on the switching properties of the contact material.
  • Representatives of the silver-based metallic contact materials are, for example, silver-nickel (AgNi) and silver-iron (AgFe). Silver-iron oxide (AgFe 2 O 3 ) may be mentioned as a representative of the oxidic contact materials.
  • Silver-nickel contact materials in particular have good ones Switching properties, but it is disadvantageous that the during manufacture or during operation due to abrasion Nickel dust as well as that which forms as a switching product Nickel oxide has a harmful effect on human Organism.
  • EP 0 586 411 B1 which describes the closest prior art, is a silver-based contact material known that the metals iron and rhenium in mass fractions between 1% and 50% or between 0.01% and 5% contains as active components. It was found that rhenium even in proportions below 1% the properties of a improved such contact material.
  • the contact material mentioned is characterized by low contact heating with stable heating behavior, reasonable tendency to weld and long service life in relation to specified Switching currents.
  • the silver-iron-rhenium contact material by mixing silver and iron-rhenium alloy powder or by mixing separate powders Made of silver, iron and rhenium.
  • the powder mixture is then by compression molding or extrusion as well Sintering into molded parts or semi-finished products.
  • the structure of such a material i.e. the size and distribution of the active components in the silver matrix is through the grain size of the metal powder or alloy powder available on the market specified.
  • the use of coarse metal powders leads to a coarse-grained, fine-grained metal powder to a fine-grained structure.
  • the finest, in technical relevant quantities of iron powder produced have a average grain size of approx. 5 ⁇ m.
  • the powder mixture by compression molding to a molded part, which by sintering and possibly further pressing to a finished one Fitting is processed.
  • the molded part can additionally with a layer of pure silver for a secure connection the contact piece with the base pressed by brazing become.
  • the active components added in powder form are more uniform Grain size irregularly distributed over the silver matrix in front.
  • the structure of the fitting is largely isotropic.
  • the powder mixture is initially too a porous compact or slug is pressed and / or sintered.
  • the compact or slug is, if necessary, with a Layer of pure silver (see above), by extrusion into one Extruded from which the shaped pieces are separated and possibly undergo a subsequent treatment.
  • the structure of the contact material makes its electrical Switching properties, e.g. Erosion, contact resistance and welding power, significantly determined.
  • WO 95/08833 A1 describes a method for connecting a Contact piece made of a silver metal oxide material with a Carrier described by brazing or welding. there the metal oxide becomes in the area of the contact piece near the surface of the contact material at least partially to metal reduced. A resulting, the switching properties the contact piece or the contact material cheap influencing structural change is not achieved.
  • the method described is only suitable for production thin, weldable and solderable layers up to a few 100 ⁇ m.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a manufacturing method for a fitting made of a contact material and such Kunststoffwerkatoff indicate which of the Prior art has more favorable switching properties. It is also an object of the invention to provide a contact piece from the Specify contact material, which improved by Switching properties especially for a switching device in energy technology suitable.
  • This task is related to the manufacturing process a fitting made of a silver-based contact material solved according to the invention by a powder mixture of silver and is formed from a metal oxide, which is powder metallurgy is processed into the molding, and wherein the metal oxide is reduced to metal.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that a contact material with a fine structure a better switching behavior as a contact material with a coarse structure.
  • the range of properties of a contact material leaves improve significantly by changing the average grain size of the Active components in the silver matrix is reduced.
  • metal oxide powders are available, their grain sizes are significantly smaller than 1 ⁇ m can be used of metal oxide powder instead of metal powder and subsequent Achieve a contact material by reducing the metal oxide, where the average grain size of the metallic active components is in the nanometer range.
  • metal oxide powders under less stringent transportation and processing instructions are worked on, as in In contrast to metal oxide powders, many metal powders are self-igniting are. In this way, the manufacturing costs to reduce.
  • the reduction of the metal oxide is advantageously carried out in the powder mixture, because of the increasing compression of the A complete powder mixture in subsequent steps Reduction of the metal oxide is difficult.
  • the reduction of the metal oxide can also be in a blank of the Molding take place, which still has a sufficiently high porosity or has gas permeability.
  • a blank is for example the one to be made available in extrusion technology Slug, which is subsequently pressed into a strand.
  • Such a blank can also be used in molding technology be produced preliminary product for a molded part before it the molded part is produced by pressing and sintering again becomes.
  • the reduction of the metal oxide is expediently carried out by achieved a heat treatment in a reducing atmosphere. It is particularly effective when the heat treatment in a temperature range of 500 ° C below the melting point of silver, i.e. taking into account the admixed Active components at a temperature between 500 ° C up to 1000 ° C, preferably at 700 ° C, is carried out.
  • the reducing atmosphere as a protective gas used for any sintering that may be required become. Sintering and reduction can thereby occur during production of the contact material can be done in one operation.
  • the gas hydrogen (H 2 ) usually used for the sintering is advantageously also used as the reducing atmosphere.
  • the active component supplied in powder form. This is particularly the case if the active component is in the form of a Powder of a metal oxide with very small grain sizes supplied becomes.
  • the active component can be achieved in the contact material, if as a metal oxide a powder with a grain size of smaller than 1 ⁇ m, preferably from 100 to 500 nm.
  • the manufactured contact material or the molding from the Contact material has advantageous switching properties if the powder mixture is another metal or another Metal oxide is added.
  • the further metal oxide reduced to another metal as described. It but it is also conceivable that the further metal oxide only after to reduce the reduction of the powder mixture.
  • the manufactured one In this case, the contact material would have an oxidic Active component.
  • the powder mixture is silver (Ag), iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 / Fe 3 O 4 ) and rhenium (Re) or silver (Ag), rhenium oxide (Re) and iron (Fe) or silver (Ag) , Rhenium oxide (ReO) and iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 / Fe 3 O 4 ) is supplied.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention solved with a contact material based on silver at least one further metallic component, the middle one Grain size is less than 1 micron, preferably 100 to Is 500 nm.
  • a contact material also has very good switching properties, in particular a very low one Welding tendency and a long service life.
  • the contact material has favorable switching properties, if as metallic active components iron (Fe) and rhenium (Re) are provided. It is advantageous if iron (Fe) in mass proportions between 1 and 50% and rhenium (Re) in mass proportions between 0.01 and 5%.
  • the task regarding the contact piece is invented solved by a fitting made of the contact material in shape a contact piece.
  • the contact piece can additionally with a layer of pure silver for a secure connection of the contact piece with the base by brazing be provided.
  • Such a contact piece is suitable for the use in a switching device of energy technology, in particular for a low voltage switch.
  • a silver-iron-rhenium material is produced.
  • silver powder Ag is mixed with rhenium powder Re (grain size approx. 5 ⁇ m) and with iron oxide powder Fe 2 O 3 / Fe 3 O 4 (grain size smaller than 10 nm).
  • This powder mixture is processed into a blank or slug, which is annealed at a temperature of 700 ° C under an H 2 atmosphere to reduce the iron oxide to iron.
  • the further processing into a contact piece takes place according to the extrusion technique described under known conditions.
  • the composition of the powder mixture is such that the Sum of the mass fractions of the active components iron (Fe) and Rhenium (Re) is 8.8% in the finished material Ratio of iron to rhenium 19/1 is chosen.
  • the material is referred to below as Ag (FeRe 95/5) 8.8 be, the indication of the ratio 95/5 on the Mixing ratio of iron and Rhenium powder.
  • Figures 1 and 3 show the fine structure of a manufactured in this way Ag (FeRe 95/5) 8.8 material parallel or vertical to the extrusion direction.
  • the average grain size of the rhenium and iron particles in the silver matrix lies in an area well below 1 ⁇ m.
  • a conventional one manufactured Ag (FeRe 95/5) 8.8 material its structure shown perpendicular to the extrusion direction in Fig. 2 is the size difference is that embedded in the silver matrix Active components significant. So will this 3 and 4 show the structure of the invention or conventionally produced Ag (FeRe 95/5) Show 8.8 material parallel to the direction of extrusion.
  • the welding force values are shown in their total frequency, the ordinate after the Weibull function and the Abscissa is logarithmically divided. As with AgFeRe contact materials the mechanical during the first switching operations Machining can be the cause of high welding power Comparison with conventionally manufactured AgFeRe materials the 99.8% value was used.
  • This result means a 55% improvement in welding behavior of the AgFeRe contact material produced according to the invention compared to a conventionally manufactured one.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Contacts (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Switches (AREA)

Abstract

Pour produire une pièce façonnée à partir d'un matériau de contact à base d'argent, il est prévu selon l'invention de préparer un mélange pulvérulent d'argent et d'un oxyde de métal, et de le traiter selon un procédé de métallurgie des poudres, pour obtenir la pièce façonnée, l'oxyde de métal étant réduit en poudre. Les poudres d'oxyde de métal s'obtenant dans une granulation nettement plus fine que les poudres de métal, on peut obtenir un matériau de contact dont la grosseur granulaire moyenne du métal incorporé comme constituant actif est inférieure à 1 νm. Cette granulation fine confère à un matériau de contact de ce type des propriétés de commutation particulièrement avantageuses.

Claims (12)

  1. Procédé de production d'une pièce façonnée en un matériau de contact à base d'argent, qui consiste à former un mélange de poudre d'argent et d'un oxyde métallique, qui est transformé en la piècé façonnée par métallurgie des poudres, l'oxyde métallique du mélange de poudre ou d'une ébauche de la pièce façonnée étant réduit en métal.
  2. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à effectuer la réduction de l'oxyde métallique, dans une atmosphère réductrice.
  3. Procédé suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à effectuer le traitement thermique à une température de 500 à 1000°C, de préférence à 700°C.
  4. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 2 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'atmosphère réductrice est de l'hydrogène (H2).
  5. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à utiliser comme oxyde métallique, une poudre d'une granulométrie inférieure à 1 µm, de préférence de 100 à 500 nm.
  6. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à mélanger au mélange de poudre, un autre métal ou un autre oxyde métallique.
  7. Procédé suivant la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à mettre dans le mélange de poudre, de l'argent (Ag), de l'oxyde de fer (Fe2O3/Fe3O4) et du rhénium (Re) ou de l'argent (Ag), de l'oxyde de rhénium (ReO) et du fer, ou de l'argent (Ag), de l'oxyde de rhénium (ReO) et de l'oxyde de fer (Fe2O3/Fe3O4).
  8. Matériau de contact à base d'argent comprenant au moins un autre constituant se réduisant en métal, dont la granulométrie moyenne est inférieure à 1 µm, et de préférence comprise entre 100 et 500 nm.
  9. Matériau de contact suivant la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu comme autre constituant métallique, du fer (Fe) et/ou du rhénium (Re).
  10. Matériau de contact suivant la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que le fer (Fe) est présent en des proportions en masse comprises entre 1 % et 50 %, et le rhénium (Re) est présent en des proportions en masse comprises entre 0,01 % et 5 %.
  11. Pièce façonnée en un matériau de contact suivant l'une des revendications 8 à 10.
  12. Pièce façonnée suivant la revendication 11, qui est constituée en pièce de contact pour un appareil de coupure, de la technique des courants forts, notamment pour un interrupteur basse tension.
EP97914051A 1996-01-26 1997-01-13 Procede de production d'une piece faconnee a partir d'un materiau de contact a base d'argent Expired - Lifetime EP0876670B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19602812 1996-01-26
DE19602812A DE19602812C1 (de) 1996-01-26 1996-01-26 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Formstücks aus einem Kontaktwerkstoff auf Silberbasis und Formstück
PCT/DE1997/000042 WO1997027601A2 (fr) 1996-01-26 1997-01-13 Procede de production d'une piece façonnee a partir d'un materiau de contact a base d'argent

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0876670A2 EP0876670A2 (fr) 1998-11-11
EP0876670B1 true EP0876670B1 (fr) 2002-05-15

Family

ID=7783773

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97914051A Expired - Lifetime EP0876670B1 (fr) 1996-01-26 1997-01-13 Procede de production d'une piece faconnee a partir d'un materiau de contact a base d'argent

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US6001149A (fr)
EP (1) EP0876670B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH11503559A (fr)
BR (1) BR9707202B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19602812C1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2176718T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO1997027601A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3825275B2 (ja) * 2001-04-13 2006-09-27 株式会社日立製作所 電気接点部材とその製法
WO2005124804A1 (fr) * 2004-06-18 2005-12-29 Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K. RELAIS POUR CHARGE CA SCELLEE ET MATERIAU D’ELEMENT DE CONTACT A BASE D’Ag POUR UTILISATION DANS CELUI-CI

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2145690A (en) * 1937-09-24 1939-01-31 Mallory & Co Inc P R Electric contact material
US2664618A (en) * 1944-04-22 1954-01-05 Fansteel Metallurgical Corp Electrical contact
US3135601A (en) * 1961-11-16 1964-06-02 Martin Marietta Corp Alumina-silver alloy
US3505065A (en) * 1968-08-12 1970-04-07 Talon Inc Method of making sintered and infiltrated refractory metal electrical contacts
GB1524074A (en) * 1976-07-12 1978-09-06 Square D Co Electrically conductive composite materials
GB1536847A (en) * 1976-07-12 1978-12-20 Square D Co Electrically conductive composite materials
US4361033A (en) * 1979-01-02 1982-11-30 Gte Laboratories Incorporated Method for selecting an additive for electrical contacts
US5286441A (en) * 1989-12-26 1994-02-15 Akira Shibata Silver-metal oxide composite material and process for producing the same
DE4117312A1 (de) * 1991-05-27 1992-12-03 Siemens Ag Kontaktwerkstoff auf silberbasis zur verwendung in schaltgeraeten der energietechnik sowie verfahren zur herstellung von kontaktstuecken aus diesem werkstoff
DE4117311A1 (de) * 1991-05-27 1992-12-03 Siemens Ag Kontaktwerkstoff auf silberbasis zur verwendung in schaltgeraeten der energietechnik
DE4331913A1 (de) * 1993-09-20 1995-03-23 Siemens Ag Verfahren zum Verbinden von einer Kontaktauflage aus Silber-Metalloxid-Werkstoff mit einem metallischen Kontaktträger
JPH0896643A (ja) * 1994-09-28 1996-04-12 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd 電気接点材料
DE19543223C1 (de) * 1995-11-20 1997-02-20 Degussa Silber-Eisen-Werkstoff für elektrische Schaltkontakte (III)

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR9707202B1 (pt) 2010-06-29
DE59707280D1 (de) 2002-06-20
JPH11503559A (ja) 1999-03-26
DE19602812C1 (de) 1997-07-31
WO1997027601A3 (fr) 1997-10-09
US6001149A (en) 1999-12-14
WO1997027601A2 (fr) 1997-07-31
BR9707202A (pt) 1999-04-06
EP0876670A2 (fr) 1998-11-11
ES2176718T3 (es) 2002-12-01

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