EP0876292B1 - Mobile crane - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a mobile crane and its use for stacking of containers.

Various vehicles are known for container stacking, which according to Art of a mobile gantry crane rail-bound or horizontal on the road and transport containers vertically, especially the usual 10-40 Foot container with load weights of max. can stack about 50t.

For example, the device from the DE magazine "ETR" 11/1995, page 778-779 or DE-OS 2248074 are known, the container a bridge in a cable-operated load suspension device (spreader). The Containers can be stacked within the bridge width of the gantry crane can be discontinued. Devices of this type can be used in a roadworthy design Independent wheel drive and all-wheel steering with steering locks of up to 45 or have 90 degrees. The drive energy is generated by diesel gensets and converted to diesel-hydraulic or diesel-electric for speeds of 90 m / min in horizontal travel and 40 m / min for trolley travel. These devices are relatively slow and because of the swinging suspension they need the Load suspension means of an exact control of the stacking place two-axis travel of the device and the trolley. For the Horizontal transport are relatively wide routes corresponding to the Device dimensions required. Standing one behind the other Container stacking spaces cannot be served when the bridge is smaller than the width of the containers next to each other, because then the Gantry crane cannot get over the container.

For the reasons mentioned, there are often stackers in container stacking areas - Vehicles, for example, according to EP-A-0080002, which have a stable two-axle, twin-wheeled chassis with a large wheelbase feature. On these about 3-4 m wide and about 7-8 m long vehicles arranged in the longitudinal central axis, a telescopic boom, which over the Rear axle is mounted in a rocker joint at about the height of the driver's cabin. Using a on the vehicle chassis between the two axles or optionally at the height of the front axle movably supported support cylinder to bring the luffing axis into a more or less steep boom position. At the free end of the boom, this stacker either has one Rope hoist or a special, designed for container transport, Lifting and lifting equipment. With this vehicle, which is below or the side of the boom of a driver's cab, can in front of the Front axle of the undercarriage picked up, stacked and also for Be kept horizontal. In very long vehicles, it can during horizontal travel in the steepest boom position of the container also in Area above the front axle, however 20'containers or longer considerably laterally across the vehicle width stand out. The vehicles have a rear steerable axle, so that it is possible to swivel in stacking aisles on a container space. Due to the type of construction or the way the container is held, must the routes have a width of 13 m or more if containers of the 40'class are to be transported and / or stacked. The tramline is also to dimension it so broadly because these stacker only in front of the Can stack the front axle and therefore always across the container stacking area must be positioned.

Special side stackers (DE-OS 2108323) have been built for the transport of tubes and long timber on the stacking space available on the side of a driver's cabin. These have a stacking fork in the vehicle's transverse axis for receiving or delivering the long goods. The arrangement of a turntable on the side of the truck opposite the loading sill has also been proposed in special designs. A telescopic boom with luffing mechanism and pulling swivel cylinder for the boom is arranged on this turntable.
Because the load is introduced from the side and the load weight is not compensated for, these forklifts can only be operated at the loading point with the support legs extended, which makes the handling time-consuming. The turning circle is relatively large due to the design.

Railway cranes are known from railway technology, which are similar to Stackers are equipped with telescopic booms and a luffing gear. By Appropriate counterweights can carry large loads with a large radius can be lifted, but only one stacking place next to it when traveling by rail Tracks are operated. Due to the railroad typical low The vehicle counterweights generally protrude far across the track out when the slewing rings with the boom in the transverse position become.

Mobile cranes are also known from DE-C2 2450003 or Mobile cranes on road-running undercarriages in the longitudinal central axis of the Vehicle a turntable above the rear axle or between the axles (DE-C3 2544525, EP-A-0 543 276 EP-A-0611725), which also with counterweights for a telescopic boom with luffing mechanism, as well as an operator cabin is provided. Optionally, a - swiveling - operator's cabin Use both for horizontal travel and for crane operation Find. Such mobile cranes can operate at speeds of 60 km / h or can be driven more, but can only be stacked on stationary ones Use locations. Due to the design, such vehicles cannot Horizontal transport of containers can be carried out as the Stability of the vehicle does not allow this and during the Horizontal travel, the usual support on spreading feet in the load position not possible. Due to their design, these mobile cranes have a large area sweeping counterweights.

In addition to the problems mentioned, there are problems specific to stacking and transporting stackers provided for containers Disadvantages that make working with such vehicles problematic and / or can make uneconomical:

Container transport can only be done in front of the vehicle respectively; The route width is relatively large, which makes the ratio between stacking area and driveway area becomes very unfavorable. During the horizontal transport run, the vehicle has a low one Stability, especially when loaded containers with weights up to 45 t to be transported and / or stacked. During the transport trip there is a very high tire load on the front axle of the Vehicle, which limits the transport load and / or tire damage or damage to the roadway due to excessive specific wheel loads cannot be avoided. During the transport trip, the driver of the Stackers a poor view.

Therefore, the invention is based on the problem of a mobile crane for the Stacking and horizontal transport of containers and similar loads to propose even on unpaved terrain, where the disadvantages of Prior art devices avoided the benefits of each However, vehicle types are used and those with the lowest possible Device dimensions a maximum possible load dimension can be mastered can, with the smallest possible maneuvering effort and high stability. The ratio of stacking space to the necessary stacking aisle is for reasons the economy of space should be as large as possible.

The problem is solved according to the invention by claims 1 and 13. Further developments of the invention are covered in the subclaims.

The solution is characterized in that starting from a normal Mobile crane with telescopic boom this is modified so that the Wheel axles are provided with steerable wheels, so that a very low one Turning circle is created and a turntable is provided, including the superstructure has the maximum width of the vehicle, but at most the width of the Vehicle including the wheels when the steering is turned and the Turntable in the middle between the wheel axles, i.e. also in the center of the Under car is arranged.

This solution enables the vehicle to be maneuverable in all directions around the longitudinal and transverse axes of the crane, which are considerably higher than previously known stacking cranes lies and is only comparable with the maneuverability of the Gantry cranes for container handling. An essential purpose of the central The arrangement of the turntable lies in the central introduction of all static Forces and thus an even load distribution on all wheel axles of the Vehicle, be it two, four or six axles. This Load increase for the crane relieves or reduces the load on the individual axes the tire load at maximum load. This is supplemented by a Transport storage for the containers to be transported, always as possible lies above the projection surface of the undercarriage. The focus of the Containers are located between the side wheels approximately in the middle of the Vehicle transverse axis held so that from the sum of the Counterweights and the recorded load weights as possible uniform distribution on the individual wheels. At the same time, through this measure in turn is the effective max. Tropic and the necessary Stacking aisle width considerably reduced.

The prerequisite for this is that the support cylinder is coupled to the turntable on a radial between the center of the turntable and that on the Turntable projected position of the luffing axis. This leaves a lot of space between the boom in its steepest boom position and the opposite edge of the undercarriage and created the container can in the resulting clearance profile during the Horizontal transports are kept.

Ideally, each wheel axle or for increased demands on the Maneuverability or off-road capability also individually driven and each wheel can be adjusted individually in its swivel direction, preferably with a steering angle of up to 45 degrees or even 90 degrees. The mobile crane like this also be moved in the "crab walk" when a uniform impact of all Wheels of the mobile crane is set. This makes maneuvering very tight Spaces possible.

The vehicle is preferably provided with an autonomous travel drive for horizontal travel, for example a diesel unit, the axle drives and / or the individual wheel drives being implemented as sensitive hydraulic drives via corresponding converters and hydraulic pumps. At the same time, the drive energy can be used for the lifting functions of the device, for example the hydraulic cylinder of the telescopic boom and the support cylinder, which is preferably designed as a hydraulic cylinder.
In addition, it is of course possible to convert the drive energy of the self-sufficient traction drive into electrical energy via a generator, in order to provide the necessary energy for the drives and lighting or other subfunctions, insofar as this is not possible using batteries. In addition to the lighting and signaling system, these sub-functions also include the option of rotating the operator's cab on the rotary table, which can also be swiveled hydraulically, in order to be able to swivel it from a lateral loading position to a forward-facing horizontal travel position and to provide the driver with a corresponding view .
For the stacking function and for a better overview for the driver, provision can also be made to move the cabin on the turntable vertically into a position which enables the driver to optimally handle the device. If there is little available space, the driver's seat can, as is known per se, only be pivoted in the cabin.

With the mobile crane according to the invention, when stacking Containers use a number of advantages, namely a high one Stability, an even wheel load and the resulting one relatively cheaply distributed bottom pressure of the device. The driver also has Always a perfect view of the route and the stacking area Horizontal transport can be carried out at a higher speed than usual Stackers take place and for maneuvering to the container parking spaces or in the stacking alley can take a lot of time with the appropriate steering lock win.

What is serious, however, is the high area gain or the lower effort for the stacking area, since the stacking lanes are relative to the parking spaces for the Containers take up less space than devices after State of the art. Furthermore, the handling performance of such Device increased, because of course due to narrower tramlines Shorter distances for horizontal transport arise and also maneuvering time not applicable and higher driving speeds become noticeable in terms of performance do. The truck has a length / width ratio of four axes about two. The width results from the width of the goods to be transported Containers whose long center of gravity with a small safety distance of 10-30%, preferably at least 70% of its width, above that Undercarriage lies, and the width of the holding members of the boom and Support cylinder or luffing gear.

Additive can be provided to cross the undercarriage and Longitudinal stabilizers improve their stability and also a To protect the tires in that no inclination of the Undercarriage is due to the tire deflection. Can also during of container transport, the support on the undercarriage - if the Container is set down at all - be attached so that here too the load is evenly applied to the undercarriage.

The rotary table is, as is known from other similar systems, by means of Slewing ring or friction gear in the undercarriage can be swiveled through 360 ° arranged. The necessary hydraulic and electrical Control lines for the lifting functions and crane operation guided centrally through the slewing ring.

The driver's cabin is preferably on the turntable itself - in the direction of travel seen - arranged on the right next to the luffing area of the boom at the front edge of the turntable, while the rear edge - from the driver seen - the placement of the counterweights and the rocking axis of the The boom and the support cylinder are reserved. Through a multi-part The counterweights are optimally used. The counterweights can also serve as side supports for one about the level of the roof of the driver's cab arranged rocker for the Cantilevers are provided. This high position of the rocker joint enables with a horizontal boom, a commercially available container with the help to capture the spreader that is right on the floor next to the mobile crane has its stacking place. On the other hand, the position of the driver's cab on the "Front" edge of the turntable limited by that for holding one Containers required clearance from the ground, which by the Bottom edge of the container during its pick-up and Inward pivoting movement in the direction of the vehicle axis is limited.

The vehicle can also be equipped with safety technology, preferably with electronic sensors that both limit the Tire load as well as stability depending on the Cantilever position, both its luffing position and its extension length considered. Other critical stability parameters, such as inclination of the Undercarriage in the longitudinal and transverse directions and position of the driver's cabin, can be included in the monitoring.

The telescopic boom is designed in its retracted position so that a container can be picked up directly to the side of the mobile crane, while its maximum extended position must be adapted to the maximum stack height. The support cylinder can be arranged so that it is arranged almost parallel to the boom in the steepest boom position, so that there is a maximum free space in the longitudinal direction above the undercarriage for Cont _a inertransport.

With such a device can easily container size 10-foot to 40-foot or more with the shortest turnaround time, even in Stacking lanes are transported and stacked that are only slightly wider are than the mobile crane itself. There are load weights of 50 t Horizontal travel - even on unpaved roads at up to about 600 m / min emotional.

Fig. 1

einen Mobilkran in Seitenansicht;

Fig. 2

einen Mobilkran in Vorderansicht;

Fig. 3, 4

einen Mobilkran in auf einen Stapelplatz projezierter Unteransicht.

In principle, the invention is to be explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment, without restricting the invention to the variant shown. They show schematically:

Fig. 1

a mobile crane in side view;

Fig. 2

a mobile crane in front view;

3, 4

a mobile crane in a bottom view projected onto a stacking place.

Parts with the same or equivalent function are described below provided the same reference numerals.

Fig. 1 shows the mobile crane with four axes F 1 to F 4, the undercarriage U wear. A turntable D is arranged centrally on the undercarriage U has a 360 ° swivel range. The driver's cabin K is on the turntable with rotary degree of freedom KR and vertical degree of freedom KV, as well as that Counterweight G arranged. This view is between the two elements the telescopic boom in the transverse axis QA, the support cylinder Z, the Load suspension device L and the spreader S can be seen. The spreader S holds you 40 'container 1 or alternatively - dashed - a smaller 20' container 6 in Transport position in the longitudinal direction to the undercarriage U.

FIG. 2 shows the mobile crane according to FIG. 1 in a front view in its entire width b, which corresponds to approximately half the length ^{1 of} the vehicle. The undercarriage is connected via the turntable D to the superstructures, which are all arranged on the turntable or turntable D. The driver's cabin K can be seen here in the loading position, as in Fig. 1. Between the counterweights G, an axis W is arranged as a luffing axis for the boom A, which - here consisting of the telescopic parts A 1 and A 3 - is drawn with the associated extension positions S 1 and S 3 for the swivel joint of the spreader S. Am The head of the boom is the load-carrying means L rotatably as a connection to the load attachment means, the spreader S, both of which are connected by the swivel joint or swivel joint S 3 or S 1.

The support cylinder Z is on the turntable at a point on a projection line stored between the center of the turntable, represented by the Longitudinal axis LA and the rocking axis arranged radially on the outside of the turntable W. The cylinder CLOSED bearing can be swiveled with the turntable coupled. The other end of the support cylinder is in the swivel joint ZO with the lower section A1 of the telescopic boom A connected. Through input and The support cylinder Z can extend the axis point ZO by the rocking angle WW, represented as a line of motion of the pivot point ZO, until the boom A is in the horizontal position, represented by the position of the Swivel bearing S 4 of the spreader S for receiving the container 4 from Floor next to the mobile crane. The other dash-dotted lines SW 1, SW 3 and SW 5 indicate the different swivel angles of the associated Spreader - swivel axes S 1, S 3, S 5. Depending on the extended position of the Boom A and luffing angle WW can be used for containers 1, 2, 3, 4 in the held in various shooting positions and / or outside the Clearance profile LP can be moved. The position of the container 1 is Transport position for this container, as is also shown in Fig. 1. From this Fig. 2 it is easy to see that it is very important the rocking axis W and the anchor point CLOSE - boom A and cylinder Z are steepest here Position shown - as far as possible outside of the center or the Longitudinal vehicle axis LA to be placed on the edge of the vehicle, so the container 1 as far as possible over the projection surface of the Undercarriage U gets into the transport position.

Fig. 3 shows of the mobile crane only the undercarriage U with the different chassis axles F1 to F4 (Fig. 2), to the individually steerable Wheels FR are coupled. To clarify the vehicle dimensions and the transport movement also shows the 40'container 1. The Load introduction takes place via the theoretical load introduction point as Intersection between the transverse axis QA and the longitudinal axis LA over the in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 shown rotary table D in the undercarriage U. Der The undercarriage distributes the load evenly over the axles F that contribute to this if necessary with suitable and known differential gears, Handlebars and / or converters FA are provided so that the axle loads can be transferred evenly. If necessary, the Axes F1 and F2 are assigned to a common turntable UD; in the same way, the axles F3 and F4 can also be coupled via a common turntable. The The wheel position of each axle should be controllable separately, preferably each Wheel, as shown on axes F1 and F4 in Fig. 3, individually be adjustable. This very agile vehicle has a width of the Undercarriage b during the entire width of the space with the steering turned takes a measure b2. This dimension b2 is slightly smaller than the width b4 a route in the curve, where b4 is the narrowest route width for the Undercarriage U represents, while b6 is the wheel position for the narrowest Includes route width.

In Fig. 4 an alley PG of a stacking area P is shown in the event that a mobile crane is to travel diagonally through this alley. The turning of the wheels FR to the axis of the vehicle F is shown here at 45 °. The vehicle needs a route width b5 that is approximately twice the width b; with the inclusion of a 40 'container, this results in a necessary width of the stacking alley b3 which is only slightly larger than the width which the vehicle itself occupies.
From Fig. 3 it can be seen that the turning radius of the vehicle corresponds only to approximately twice its width b.

Claims (15)

1. Mobile crane, including

   a lower chassis (U) having a least two wheel axles (F1-F4) provided with steerable wheels (FR), which are individually drivable on at least two axles,

   a rotary carriage (D), which is rotatably mounted on the lower chassis in the central longitudinal axis (LA) and transverse axis (QA) and centrally between the wheel axles,

   counterweights (G), an operator's cab (K) and a jib (A), which is pivotable about a horizontal axis and telescopable by means of a supporting cylinder (Z), being in operative connection with the rotary carriage,

   characterised in that it is provided for the stacking and horizontal conveyance of containers,

   the rotary carriage, together with super-structural parts, having a maximum width which corresponds to the maximum width of the vehicle,

   counterweights (G), the operator's cab (K) and the telescopable jib (A) being disposed on the rotary carriage,

   the jib being disposed on the rotary carriage and connected to the rotary carriage so as to be pivotable about a horizontal luffing axis (W) by means of the supporting cylinder (Z), which is also displaceably mounted on the rotary carriage, and

   the supporting cylinder being disposed on the rotary carriage on a radial (r), which extends from the centre of the rotary carriage to the luffing axis, and being connected to the rotary carriage.
2. Mobile crane according to claim 1, characterised in that each wheel axle and/or each wheel (FR) are/is separately drivable.
3. Mobile crane according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the wheels are pivotable through up to 90° individually or by their axis.
4. Mobile crane according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised by a self-sufficient driving mechanism for horizontal travel, which mechanism simultaneously supplies the energy for the drives of the wheels and/or other driving functions.
5. Mobile crane according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that, when the jib is in its steepest luffing position, the axis (ZU-ZO) of the supporting cylinder is disposed almost parallel to the axis of the jib.
6. Mobile crane according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the luffing axis (W) is disposed substantially above the counterweights.
7. Mobile crane according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that a load-lifting member (S) pivotally abuts against the free end of the jib, and the pivotal axis (S1-S5) of said member lies internally of the radius (r) of the rotary carriage, at least in the steepest luffing position.
8. Mobile crane according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the operator's cab simultaneously serves as the driver's cab for the horizontal travel of the crane.
9. Mobile crane according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the operator's cab is rotatably mounted on the rotary carriage.
10. Mobile crane according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the operator's cab is mounted so as to be displaceable in the vertical direction.
11. Mobile crane according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterised by electronic sensors for monitoring one or more safety parameters, selected from the group including the longitudinal inclination of the lower chassis, the transverse inclination of the lower chassis, the wheel loading, the tyre loading, the jib position and the position of the operator's cab.
12. Mobile crane according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterised by its minimum width (b), which is determined by 0.7 times the width of the container (1-6) to be transported, plus the overall width of the jib (A) and of the supporting cylinder (Z).
13. Use of a mobile crane, which includes a telescopable and luffable jib (A) on a lower chassis (U) provided with at least two driven wheel axles (F1-F4), for the horizontal conveyance of containers (1-6), the jib being in its steepest luffing position during travel, and the container being retained by the jib on a pivotally displaceable spreader (S), the pivotal axis (S1-S5) lying above the lower chassis, characterised in that the lower chassis includes a centrally mounted rotary carriage (D), having a degree of rotational freedom of 360°, the rotary carriage having a maximum diameter corresponding substantially to the vehicle width (b), and the jib (A) being disposed on the rotary carriage, said jib retaining the container with the shortest possible telescopic setting and with the jib positioned accurately in the longitudinal axis (LA) or in the transverse axis (QA) of the mobile crane.
14. Use of a mobile crane, according to claim 13, for stacking containers at stacking locations (P), the stacking lanes (PG) of which are narrower than twice the width (b) of the mobile crane.
15. Use according to claim 13 or 14, characterised in that the container is deposited on supporting brackets on the lower chassis during horizontal travel.

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