EP3412620B1 - Construction crane and construction crane system - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a construction crane with a superstructure with telescopic boom, the superstructure being arranged on a semi-trailer and releasably connected to the semi-trailer. The invention further relates to a construction crane system with such a construction crane.

Mobile or mobile cranes are known in different configurations. Since such mobile cranes have to use public roads to get to the place of use, they are subject to the legally prescribed approval restrictions with regard to their maximum total weight. For example, vehicles with four axles are only permitted with a maximum weight of 32 t without a permit, otherwise special permits are required, which are expensive to obtain in individual cases and have to be renewed again and again if necessary. In addition to pure mobile cranes, so-called construction cranes have recently been increasingly used, in which the superstructure is built on the chassis of a conventional truck. If the total weight does not exceed the permissible limit, such a construction crane only requires a normal truck registration.

Furthermore, construction cranes are also known in which the superstructure is built on a long semi-trailer. The permissible total weight of a five-axle tractor-trailer combination is 40 t or 44 t. Depending on the place of use at which the crane is used, such a long tractor-trailer is, on the one hand, difficult to maneuver and, on the other hand, certain places of use, for example in closed buildings or the like, cannot be reached at all.

Out EP 0786431 A2 a crane is known which can be transported by means of a road vehicle. The crane has an independent wagon with which it can be detachably placed on an assigned road vehicle and, when removed, can be moved and maneuvered independently.

Out US 2010/0102016 A1 a construction crane with a superstructure with telescopic boom is known, in which the superstructure is arranged on a semi-trailer and can be raised by height-adjustable supports that can be lowered to the floor. The crane superstructure is detachably connected to the semi-trailer and the supports are arranged on the crane superstructure in such a way that the crane superstructure can be released from the semi-trailer in the position raised by the supports and the semi-trailer can be moved away under the free-standing crane superstructure.

The object of the invention is to constructively improve such a construction crane and to make it usable in a variable manner.

This object is achieved according to the invention in a construction crane of the type mentioned at the outset by the semitrailer being designed as a container chassis, the container chassis and the crane superstructure being releasably connected to one another by a container locking system.

The construction crane according to the invention has the advantages of construction cranes with regard to an approval that is not required; moreover, it can be used variably. On site, the crane superstructure can be easily separated from the container chassis by releasing the container locking system and, if necessary, arranged on a different chassis. Such container chassis, which are otherwise used to transport containers, are already equipped as standard with quick locking devices which can be used for the detachable connection to the crane superstructure.

In a preferred embodiment it is provided that the container locking system is a twistlock system which is common in container chassis and is also particularly well suited for connection to the crane superstructure.

It is particularly preferably provided that the crane superstructure can be raised by height-adjustable supports that can be lowered to the floor, the crane superstructure being releasable relative to the container chassis in the position raised by the supports. The adjustable supports are on the substructure of the crane superstructure arranged and depending on the design of the container chassis designed so that they can be pivoted away when not in use, for example. At the place of use, the crane superstructure can be separated from the container chassis and raised against it and set up freely; the container chassis can then be pulled out by the tractor unit under the crane superstructure, so that the pivotability of the crane boom is not impaired by the container chassis and the tractor unit.

It is also preferably provided that the superstructure has its own drive motor. If the crane superstructure is separated from the container chassis and is free-standing or is coupled to another chassis, the drive motor serves to drive at least one hydraulic pump for the hydraulic system. When the crane superstructure is coupled to a further chassis, the further chassis can also be driven by the drive motor of the crane superstructure via a suitable (detachable) kinematic connection.

It is particularly preferably provided that the drive motor is designed as an electric motor or as a gas motor. If an electric motor is used, it can either be connected to an external voltage source via an electrical cable or the crane superstructure can be equipped with batteries. Due to their high weight, these batteries can replace the otherwise necessary counterweight in whole or in part, so that no additional space is required.

Furthermore, it is advantageously provided that the construction crane is a pick and carry crane, that is to say that it has no bogie between the superstructure and the jib. Pick and carry cranes of this type are suitable for lifting loads of up to 100 t and moving them in the raised position.

To achieve the object stated at the outset, the invention also provides a body crane system with a body crane and a further chassis, on which the superstructure can be detachably arranged. After the construction crane has been transported to the place of use on the container chassis, the superstructure can be separated from the container chassis in the manner described above. The superstructure is then arranged on another chassis and connected to it and can then be moved by this further chassis in the area of the place of use.

It is preferably provided that the further chassis and the crane superstructure are releasably connected to each other by a container locking system, which facilitates the releasable connection, since the crane superstructure is equipped with this locking system (preferably twistlock) anyway.

It is also preferably provided that the further chassis is designed to be self-propelled with its own travel drive. This means that either a (detachable) kinematic connection to the travel drive of the further chassis is provided by the crane superstructure with its own drive motor or the travel drive of the further chassis has its own drive motor.

It can further be provided that the further chassis is a heavy duty trolley. With such a heavy duty trolley, the crane can then be moved from the unloading point to the actual place of use, e.g. in hard-to-reach places or inside halls and the like

In a further preferred embodiment it is provided that the further chassis has at least one crawler chassis, whereby the maneuverability is increased.

It is preferably provided that the front axle of the further chassis is designed as a crawler chassis and the rear axle as a wheel axle. The front axle of the further chassis and thus the crane superstructure arranged thereon is thus formed by a crawler chassis, which thus only extends in the front area of the crane, while the rear axle is designed as a wheel axle. In contrast to a front axle as a wheel axle, the load in the front area of the crane is not transferred to the ground in a linear manner, ie as a line load, but through the crawler chassis as a surface load, which leads to the front axle or crawler chassis can absorb or transmit significantly higher loads. This makes it possible to significantly increase the payload. In addition, by transferring a surface load to the floor, the load on the subsurface is also positively influenced, since the load is distributed over the entire surface of the subsurface. This configuration of the further undercarriage is particularly well suited for a superstructure in the form of a pick on carry cranes.

Each chain of the crawler chassis can have its own travel drive. With such a design, the crawler undercarriage is fundamentally suitable for also realizing the steerability of the crane by driving the two sides or chains of the crawler undercarriage in different directions. Alternatively, it can be provided that the chains of the crawler tracks have a common travel drive, in which case the rear axle is preferably designed to be steerable.

• Fig. 1 einen Aufbaukran auf einem Containerfahrgestell ,
• Fig. 2 den Aufbaukran in frei gestellter angehobener Position mit darunter angeordnetem Containerfahrgestell,
• Fig. 3 den Aufbaukran nach Fig. 2 in frei gestellter angehobener Position ohne Fahrgestell,
• Fig. 4 einen Aufbaukran verbunden mit einem ein Raupenfahrwerk aufweisenden Fahrgestell und in
• Fig. 5 den Aufbaukran nach Fig. 3 verbunden mit einem Schwerlastrollwagen

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing. This shows in a simplified schematic representation in side view in

• Fig. 1 a construction crane on a container chassis,
• Fig. 2 the erection crane in the free, raised position with the container chassis arranged underneath,
• Fig. 3 the construction crane Fig. 2 in the free, raised position without chassis,
• Fig. 4 a construction crane connected to a chassis having a crawler chassis and in
• Fig. 5 the construction crane Fig. 3 connected to a heavy duty trolley

A construction crane has a superstructure, generally designated 1, which is detachably arranged on a container chassis 2. In the exemplary embodiment, this container chassis 2 has three axles 3, the fourth axle is formed by the rear axle of the tractor unit (not shown) arranged in the region of a kingpin 4 and the fifth axle by the front axle of the tractor unit. Such a five-axle tractor-trailer combination can have a maximum weight of up to 40 t or 44 t in Germany without additional approval. The crane superstructure 1 can thus have a weight of more than 30 t.

The crane superstructure 1 is equipped with a telescopic boom, generally designated 5, an operator's cabin 6 is also indicated, as is a counterweight 7. In the exemplary embodiments, the substructure 8 of the crane superstructure 1 is shown in FIG 1 to 3 and 5 arranged in all four corner areas of height-adjustable (hydraulic) supports 9 which, depending on the geometrical dimensions of the crane superstructure 1 and the container chassis 2, can also be pivoted away laterally in the transport position.

The container chassis 2 is a commercially available container chassis which has a releasable container locking system (e.g. twist lock system) for attaching a container to be attached to it. These indicated with 10, e.g. Pivot-like fastening elements are used for the detachable fastening of the substructure 8 of the crane superstructure 1, which is accordingly equipped with fastening elements 11 that are complementary therewith, in which the fastening elements 10 can interlockingly but releasably engage.

How from Figure 1 the crane superstructure 1 has a short design, its length corresponds approximately to the contact surface of the container chassis 2.

The superstructure crane formed in this way can thus be operated as a normal tractor unit on public roads, a special approval is not required as long as the permissible total weight of 40 t or 44 t is not exceeded for a five-axle tractor-trailer combination.

Due to the detachable connection between the crane superstructure 1 and the container chassis 2, it is possible that the crane superstructure is lifted from the four supports 9 at the place of use or use after the connection to the container chassis 2 has been released and is released relative to the container chassis 2. The crane superstructure 1 then stands with the four supports 9 on a base 12 and the container chassis 2 can be moved out under the crane superstructure 1 and does not restrict the range of motion of the jib 5 of the crane superstructure 1 during work.

The crane superstructure 1 can also have its own drive motor, not shown, which is preferably an electric motor or gas engine. In the case of an electric motor, a connection to an external voltage source can be made via a suitable electrical cable or the crane superstructure 1 can be equipped with batteries. Due to their high weight, these batteries can replace the counterweight 7 in whole or in part, so that no additional space is required. This drive motor can on the one hand drive a hydraulic pump for the boom 5 or other hydraulic components and, on the other hand, can also serve as a drive for a further chassis if the superstructure 1 is separated from the container chassis and arranged on a further chassis.

In Fig. 2 the crane superstructure 1 is shown raised, the container chassis 2 is still below it, Fig. 3 shows the situation in which the crane superstructure 1 is free with its supports 9 on the ground 12 without a container chassis 2.

If the crane superstructure 1 is to be moved to another location at the place of use, which is not accessible to the semitrailer tractor, ie the container chassis 2 with the tractor unit, a body crane system with the above-described body crane and another chassis is provided. This further chassis can be designed differently in the Figures 4 and 5 two variants are shown.

In the embodiment according to Fig. 4 the superstructure 1 has no supports, in which case it can be from another crane or the like from the container chassis 2 raised and removed from this. In the raised position of the crane superstructure 1, the crane superstructure 1 can then be detachably connected to a further chassis, which according to the exemplary embodiment Fig. 4 has a crawler track 13 instead of a front axle and a rear axle 14 with wheels 15. Both the crawler chassis 13 and the rear axle 14 are each arranged on a base body 16 or 17, which in each case has at least two pivot-like fastening elements 18 and 19 on the top side, which are releasably connectable to the fastening elements 11 on the crane superstructure 1 and together form a releasable container locking system , ie the detachable connection between the crane superstructure 1 and the container chassis 2 and between the crane superstructure 1 and the further chassis is the same. The two base bodies 16 and 17 can alternatively also form a common base body. As a modification, the crane superstructure 1 can also be equipped with supports 9.

The crawler track 17 has at least one, but possibly also two parallel chains 20 on each of the two sides. The rear axle 14 can be designed as a steering axle. Each chain 20 of the crawler chassis 13 has at least one front sprocket 20a and one rear sprocket 20b, at least the front sprocket 20a being connected to a travel drive, not shown. A transmission gear, which is not shown, is preferably arranged between the travel drive (not shown) and the respective front sprocket 20a. This travel drive can be connected to the drive motor of the crane superstructure 1 via a releasable kinematic connection, if this is present. This traction drive is then not a drive motor, but rather a transmission which is connected to the drive motor of the crane superstructure 1.

In principle, it is also possible for each chain 20 to be coupled to its own travel drive. In this case, the chains 20 can also be driven in different directions in order to allow the construction crane to be steered. In such a configuration, the rear axle 14 can of course then also not be steerable, that is to say it can be designed as a continuous rigid axle.

At the second, in Fig. 5 In the variant shown, the further chassis is designed as a heavy-duty trolley 21, which can be pushed under the released (or otherwise raised) crane superstructure 1. This heavy duty trolley has a plurality of axles 22 with wheels and on the top side at least four pivot-like fastening elements 23 which can be detachably connected to the fastening elements 11 on the crane superstructure 1 and together form a releasable container locking system, i.e. the releasable connection between the crane superstructure 1 and the container chassis 2 and between them Crane superstructure 1 and the heavy duty trolley 21 is also the same.

The crane superstructure 1 is then lowered by retracting the supports 9 onto the heavy duty trolley 21 and locked with it. The crane superstructure 1 with the heavy duty trolley 21 can then be used with a suitable traction means, e.g. be moved into a hall or to another place that is difficult to access.

Of course, the invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments shown. Further configurations are possible without leaving the basic idea. The further chassis can also be designed differently with or without its own travel drive or connected to the drive motor of the crane superstructure 1. For example, it can also have only one crawler chassis without an additional wheel axle.

Reference symbol list :

1

Crane superstructure

2

Container chassis

3

axes

4

Kingpin

5

telescopic boom

6

Operator cabin

7

Counterweight

8th

Substructure

9

Support

10

Fastener

11

Fastener

12th

Underground

13

Crawler track

14

Rear axle

15

wheel

16

Basic body

17

Basic body

18th

Fastener

19

Fastener

20th

Chain

20a

front sprocket

20b

rear sprocket

21

Heavy duty trolley

22

axes

23

Fasteners

Claims (13)

1. Construction crane having a crane upper carriage (1) with a telescopable cantilever arm (5), wherein the crane upper carriage (1) is disposed on a semitrailer and connected releasably with the semitrailer,
   characterised in
   that the semitrailer is in the form of a container chassis (2), wherein the container chassis (2) and the crane upper carriage (1) are releasably connected with one another by means of a container locking system.
2. Construction crane according to claim 1,
   characterised in
   that the container locking system is a twistlock system.
3. Construction crane according to claim 1 or 2,
   characterised in
   that the crane upper carriage (1) can be lifted up from supports (9) which can be lowered onto the ground and are height-adjustable, wherein in a position elevated by the supports (9) the crane upper carriage (1) can be released from the container chassis (2).
4. Construction crane according to claim 1, 2 or 3,
   characterised in
   that the crane upper carriage (1) has its own drive motor.
5. Construction crane according to claim 4,
   characterised in
   that the drive motor is in the form of an electric motor or a gas motor.
6. Construction crane according to one or more of claims 1 or 5,
   characterised in
   that this is a pick and carry crane.
7. Construction crane system having a construction crane according to one or more of claims 1 or 6 and a further chassis upon which the crane upper carriage (1) can be releasably disposed.
8. Construction crane system according to claim 7,
   characterised in
   that the further chassis and the crane upper carriage (1) are releasably connected with one another by means of a container locking system.
9. Construction crane system according to claim 7 or 8,
   characterised in
   that the further chassis is designed as self-driving, having its own drive mechanism.
10. Construction crane system according to claim 7 or 9,
    characterised in
    that the further chassis is a heavy-duty roller carriage (21).
11. Construction crane system according to claim 7, 8 or 9,
    characterised in
    that the further chassis has at least one crawler track (13).
12. Construction crane system according to claim 11,
    characterised in
    that the front axle of the further chassis is in the form of a crawler track (13) and the rear axis (14) is in the form of a wheel axle.
13. Construction crane system according to claim 11 or 12,
    characterised in
    that each chain (20) of the crawler track (13) has its own drive mechanism.

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