EP0864377B1 - Verfahren zum Reinigen einer strukturellen Oberfläche - Google Patents

Verfahren zum Reinigen einer strukturellen Oberfläche Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0864377B1
EP0864377B1 EP97305836A EP97305836A EP0864377B1 EP 0864377 B1 EP0864377 B1 EP 0864377B1 EP 97305836 A EP97305836 A EP 97305836A EP 97305836 A EP97305836 A EP 97305836A EP 0864377 B1 EP0864377 B1 EP 0864377B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
membrane
aqueous solution
reinforcing member
substratum
structural surface
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EP97305836A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0864377A3 (de
EP0864377A2 (de
Inventor
Nobuo Sakurai
Hanako Nagai
Boon Keng Lim
Gun-Ichi Kobayashi
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Kajima Corp
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Kajima Corp
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Priority to JP10052553A priority Critical patent/JP3107030B2/ja
Priority to US09/038,978 priority patent/US6123777A/en
Publication of EP0864377A2 publication Critical patent/EP0864377A2/de
Publication of EP0864377A3 publication Critical patent/EP0864377A3/de
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Publication of EP0864377B1 publication Critical patent/EP0864377B1/de
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B7/00—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass
    • B08B7/0014—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by incorporation in a layer which is removed with the contaminants
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/002—Arrangements for cleaning building facades

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method for cleaning a structural surface.
  • the invention relates to a structural surface cleaning method including steps of forming a peelable membrane on a structural surface by applying an aqueous solution or aqueous emulsion (hereinafter, the words "aqueous solution” will be used to mean an “aqueous solution or aqueous emulsion", unless any ambiguity is brought about) of a membrane-forming polymer thereon, and causing dirt substance on the structural surface to be adhered to the membrane, and peeling off the membrane from the structural surface together with the dirt substance adhering thereto.
  • Conventional methods for removing dirt from structural surface include washing with water, washing with chemical, sand-blasting, and the like. Such conventional methods have a problem in that they tend to scatter water or dirt substance to the surrounding, and it is usually difficult to prevent such scattering completely. Due to the increased public concern on environmental, unless such problem is solved, chance of using the conventional methods will be gradually diminished.
  • a structural wall is divided into a number of cleaning zones and that one of such zones, e.g., the cleaning zone 10a is to be cleaned to begin with, and a polymer solution 5a, which is made by dissolving adhering-membrane-forming-polymer 2a in a solvent 9, is applied to the zone 10a twice in the step 603.
  • a polymer solution 5a which is made by dissolving adhering-membrane-forming-polymer 2a in a solvent 9
  • Each step of application produces a thin membrane 6a on the cleaning zone 10a, as shown in Fig. 5(A).
  • Arrows ⁇ and ⁇ indicate that, after a thin membrane 6a formed by a first application of the polymer 2a as shown by the arrow ⁇ is dried by evaporation of the solvent 9 to become an adhering membrane, a second application as shown by the arrow ⁇ is made so as to produce another thin membrane 6a applied thereon.
  • a laminated adhering membrane 7a is formed on the cleaning zone 10a in a peelable manner, as shown in Fig. 5(B). Dirt substance on the cleaning zone 10a are caused to adhere to the laminated adhering membrane 7a for cleaning the zone 10a at the step 604.
  • FIG. 5(E) indicates that, in this example, after the entire building structure is finished the laminated adhering membranes 7a on all the cleaning zones 10a, 10b, 10c, ⁇ of the structural surface 10 are removed simultaneously in one stroke (see step 607 of Fig. 6.)
  • a laminated adhering membrane 7a can be formed on a wide surface or intricately shaped surface of a structure in a short period of time simply by applying a polymer solution 5a thereon twice through brushing or spraying.
  • the method not only facilitates removal of dirt substances, but also provides protection of structural surface and prevention from dirt deposit, and one can expect saving in labor for such cleaning, protection, and prevention of deposit by using the method.
  • the adhering-membrane-forming-polymer 2a include polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl chloride, acrylic resin, and polyvinyl butyral.
  • the solvent 9 can be water or an organic solvent.
  • the method of cleaning structural surface by using the above laminated adhering membrane 7a has certain advantages; e.g., in the ease of operation for applying the polymer solution, in the readiness of handling the polymer solution, in facilitation of peeling operation of the polymer membrane by using the laminated structure of the membrane, and in simplification of the disposal of the used membranes. If water is used as the solvent 9 of the polymer solution 5a, there is no risk of generating poisonous gas or stench gas when applying it on surfaces to be cleaned, and the solution is free from catching fire.
  • Membranes formed by spreading of aqueous solution of water-soluble polymer tend to be weakened and lose flexibility when water contained therein evaporates to dry them, despite that as long as moisture above a certain level is kept the flexibility and toughness of the membranes are maintained. Weakened membranes are easily torn when peeling force is applied thereto, and the process of peeling the membrane becomes cumbersome and time-consuming. Especially, in the case of a rough structural surface with projections and recesses, when the aqueous polymer solution is applied thereon and a membrane is formed by drying of it, the membrane tends to become comparatively thin at portions corresponding to the projections of the rough surface and comparatively thick at portions corresponding to the recesses thereof.
  • the inventors have found that the toughness of the dried membrane of water-soluble polymer depends on the remaining moisture therein, which remaining moisture is affected by the thickness of the membrane when applied on a surface to be cleaned.
  • a method for cleaning a structural surface by forming a peelable membrane thereon, making foreign matters on the structural surface adhere to the membrane and peeling off the membrane therefrom together with the foreign matters adhering thereto characterized in that the membrane is produced by preparing an aqueous solution containing 10-30% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol having a degree of polymerization of 1,000 to 3,000 and a degree of saponification of 95 to 99 mole%, the solution having a viscosity of 5,000 to 100,000 mPa/s, applying the solution on the structural surface in the form of a first thin liquid layer and drying the first liquid layer into the membrane whereby the membrane is made tough enough for peeling without rupture from the structural surface.
  • a multi-layered membrane is produced by forming a substratum on the structural surface upon drying of the first liquid layer, applying a second liquid layer of the aqueous solution on the substratum before or after drying of the first liquid layer, so as to form an intermediate layer integral with said substratum upon drying of the second liquid layer, spreading a fibrous reinforcing member on the intermediate layer before or after drying of the second liquid layer, and applying a third liquid layer of the aqueous solution on the reinforcing member while wetting the reinforcing member in such a manner that, upon drying, an overlying layer integral with both the intermediate layer and the reinforcing member is formed, whether the multi-layered membrane is made four-layered with the intermediate layer on the substratum and overlying layer sandwiching the reinforcing member.
  • a fibrous reinforcing member 15 is spread on the thin layer 16 before it dries.
  • the above-mentioned overlying membrane 17b is formed on the fibrous reinforcing member 15 so as to be integral therewith.
  • a quadruple multi-layer membrane 18 having the substratum membrane 17a, the intermediate membrane 17c, the fibrous reinforcing member 15, and the overlying membrane 17b is formed on the structural surface 1.
  • the fibrous reinforcing member 15 is those of woven fabric, paper, and the like which can be wetted by the above-mentioned aqueous solution 5.
  • the fibrous reinforcing member 15 is such a sheet member to which the aqueous solution 5 of membrane-forming polymer 2 permeates.
  • the aqueous solution 2 may be permeated from the top surface of the reinforcing member 15 to the substratum membrane 17a below the member 15, so that the overlying membrane 17b can be made integral with both the substratum membrane 17a and the fibrous reinforcing member 15.
  • Such member 15 may be made of fibers having a high affinity with water, or fibers with a lower affinity with water but with large inter-fiber gaps, such as gaps of a net, so as to ensure integral bondage of the membrane-forming polymer 2 with the fibrous reinforcing member 15.
  • sheet material are gauze, non-woven fabric, plastic net, glass fiber mat, and the like.
  • wood pulp such as that made of short fibers of 5 to 10 mm can be mixed in the polymer membrane of the multi-layer membrane 18.
  • the short fibers may be added in the aqueous solution 5 of the membrane-forming polymer 2 so as to be dispersed therein, and the mixed solution thus prepared may be used to form a fibrous reinforcing member in the multi-layer membrane 18.
  • Such mixed solution may be spread by a brush, a roller, a rubber spatula, a medicine spoon, a sweeping board such as a rubber blade, or a roller connected to a solution supply hose.
  • the use of a fibrous reinforcing member of mixed solution with short fiber will facilitate application of the fiber-mixed aqueous solution 5 to every corner of recesses between projections, whereby cleaning effect is enhanced and at the same time the peeling and recovery of the multi-layer membrane 18 are made easier.
  • short fibers are wood pulp, cotton, acrylic resin, polyester, silk, hemp yarn, plastics, glass fibers, and the like. Two or more of such short fibers may be used as a mixture.
  • the length of the short fiber may 5 - 10 mm. If it is shorter than 5 mm, one cannot expect a sufficient improvement of membrane strength and toughness, and if longer than 10 mm, the fibers tend to be entangled and become hard to be dispersed.
  • the number of each of the substratum membrane 17a, intermediate membrane 17c, and overlying membrane 17b in the multi-layer membrane 18 is not restricted to one, and the number of each constituent membrane may be adjusted depending on the conditions of the structural surface to be cleaned.
  • the fibrous reinforcing member 15 is used to reinforce the polymer membrane, so that the thickness and the quantity of the fibrous reinforcing member 15 to be used will be properly determined depending on the physical properties of the polymer 2, the thickness of the multi-layer membrane 18, method of peeling, the location of cleaning operation, strength of the single fiber, the strength of fibrous layer, the affinity of the fiber and the polymer, and the like.
  • the membrane-forming polymer 2 to be used in the method of the invention is water soluble.
  • the polymer 2 dissolved in water 4 can be applied on the structural surface 1 in the form of a thin layer 16. After the evaporation of water 4, the thin layer 16 produces a substratum membrane 17a or overlying membrane 17b (the substratum and overlying membranes may be jointly referred to as membrane 17, hereinafter) depending on the position in the multi-layer membrane 18.
  • membrane-forming polymer 2 examples include one or more materials selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl alcohol (may be referred to as PVA, hereinafter), ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer, vinyl acetate, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl acetate, acrylic resin, polyvinyl butyral, and the like.
  • PVA polyvinyl alcohol
  • ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer vinyl acetate
  • carboxymethyl cellulose polyvinyl acetate
  • acrylic resin polyvinyl butyral
  • Preferable polymers are PVA and/or ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer.
  • PVA having a degree of polymerization of 500 - 5,000, preferably 1,000 - 3,000, and a degree of saponification of 90 - 99 mole % can be used.
  • concentration of ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer in the aqueous solution 5 can be selected depending on the material of the structural surface 1, surrounding conditions, and a method of spreading, and its preferable range is 40 - 80 weight % (Wt.%), preferably 50 - 70 Wt.%.
  • the contents of vinyl acetate in the ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer may be 98 - 50 mole %, preferably 80 - 60 mole %.
  • a copolymer with multiple monomers including acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylic ester, methacrylic ester, vinyl chloride, and the like may be used.
  • the concentration of the membrane-forming polymer 2 in the aqueous solution 5 is selectable in a range suitable for producing the membrane 17, depending on the material of the structural surface 1, the environmental conditions at the site of cleaning, and the method of applying the solution 5.
  • the following Table 1 shows the results of tests on five specimens of aqueous solution 5 of PVA as the membrane-forming polymer 2 at different concentrations. Each specimen of the solution 5 was spread on a concrete surface to form a membrane 17.
  • aqueous solution 5 did not produce a peelable membrane 17, while a 70 No. Aqueous solution of polymer Membrane produced 1 PVA 3% No peelable membrane 2 PVA 5% Thickness: 0.05 mm 3 PVA 15% Thickness: 0.10 mm 4 PVA 30% Thickness: 0.20 mm 5 PVA 70% Thickness uneven 6 EVA56% Thickness: 0.10 mm
  • Wt.% aqueous solution 5 caused difficulty in spreading an evenly thin layer 16 and did not produce a membrane 17 of even thickness.
  • lines 2 to 4 of Table 1 show that 5 - 30 Wt % aqueous solutions 5 can produce peelable membranes of different thickness.
  • the thickness of the membrane 17 depends on the viscosity of the aqueous solution 5, and if the PVA concentration is low, the viscosity of the aqueous solution 5 is small, and the membrane 17 becomes thin. To the contrary, if the PVA concentration is high, the viscosity of the aqueous solution 5 becomes large, and the membrane 7 gets comparatively thick.
  • Table 1 shows that application of an aqueous emulsion 5 of ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer on a concrete-surface produced a membrane 17 of 0.10 mm thick.
  • the aqueous solution 5 can be applied on the structural surface 1 by using a brush, a roller, a spray, or an injector.
  • Fig. 2(B) shows a painted zone of a structural surface 1, on which zone the aqueous solution 5 is applied as a thin layer 16. Water in the thin layer 16 evaporates in a few hours in the case of natural drying, or in 5 - 10 minutes when dried by blowing air of 40 - 60 °C, so as to become a substratum membrane 17a sticking to the structural surface 1 as shown in Fig. 2(C).
  • this substratum membrane 17a Due to the viscosity of this substratum membrane 17a, foreign matters 8 such as dirt substance on the structural surface 1 can be adhered to the substratum membrane 17a so as to be removed together with the latter being peeled off. It is also possible to protect the structural surface 1 against subsequent deposit of dirt or damage from outside by the substratum membrane 17a. Attention should be paid to the fact that the substratum membrane 17a is flexible and easily peelable when it keeps a certain moisture, but when dried excessively, it may lose toughness and weakened, and the peeling and recovery of it after cleaning operation may become cumbersome.
  • a fibrous reinforcing member 15 (Fig. 2(C)) is spread on the substratum membrane 17a which is formed on the structural surface 1. Then, an overlying membrane 17b is formed as shown in Fig. 2(D), by applying another thin layer 16 of the aqueous solution 5 thereon while wetting both outer and inner surfaces thereof.
  • the fibrous reinforcing member 15 can be made integral with the thin layer of the polymer 2, so that the membrane 17 is tightly bonded to the fibrous reinforcing member 15, which bondage contributes to the strength of the membrane 17 against tearing.
  • inner surface of the fibrous reinforcing member 15 is tightly bonded to the substratum membrane 17a, while the outer surface of the fibrous reinforcing member 15 is integrally joined to the overlying membrane 17b, so that an integral combination of the substratum membrane 17a, the fibrous reinforcing member 15, and the overlying membrane 17b formulates a multi-layer membrane 18 (see Fig. 2(E)).
  • a multi-layer membrane 18 with a plurality of the fibrous reinforcing members 15 and overlying membranes 17b can be formed.
  • the multi-layer membrane 18 can be peeled off from the structural surface 1 while maintaining its multi-layer configuration intact.
  • the multi-layer membrane 18 of the invention causes peeling of the membrane 17 as an integral combination with the fibrous reinforcing member 15 without breakage, so that the operation of peeling and recovering of the membrane 17 for cleaning the structural surface 1 is greatly simplified.
  • the use of the multi-layer membrane 18 has effects of simultaneously simplifying both the application of the aqueous solution 5 and the peeling of the membranes 17.
  • low viscosity of the aqueous solution 5 is desirable, and aqueous solution 5 with a low viscosity tends to make the membrane 17 thin.
  • strength or thickness of the membrane 17 in excess of a certain value is required.
  • multiple application of easily applicable aqueous solution 5 results in a sufficiently thick multi-layer membrane 18 for facilitating easy peeling and recovery.
  • the multi-layer membrane 18 may be recycled by dissolving the polymer 2 in warm water and separating foreign matters 8 and fibrous reinforcing member 15 therefrom. Hence, it does not cause any contamination of the environment. Tools for spreading the aqueous solution 5 can be washed with warm water after each use, and organic solvent is not required for tool cleaning. In short, the cleaning method of the invention is very safe for operators and the environment.
  • the method of the invention can be used for cleaning the finished or unfinished surface of various materials; namely, glass, synthetic resin, metal such as aluminum and others, tile, earthenware, stoneware, porcelain, pottery, wood, concrete, paper, rubber, fiber, stone, soil, lime plaster, paint, and the like. It can be used for cleaning the surface of sculpture.
  • a suitable plasticizer 3 may be added to the membrane-forming polymer 2.
  • the addition of plasticizer will reduce the viscosity of the aqueous solution 5 and increase the flexibility of the dried membrane 17, so that the efficiency of the operation for spreading, applying, peeling, and recovering can be improved.
  • the plasticizer to be used with the invention must be soluble in water and compatible with the membrane-forming polymer 2.
  • Such plasticizer 3 can be one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of glycerol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, propylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, tetramethylene glycol, pentamethylene glycol, hexamethylene glycol, 2,3-butanediol, and 1,3-butanediol, and preferably, it is glycerol and/or propylene glycol.
  • Glycerol and propylene glycol are used as cosmetic materials and they are safe for human and environment.
  • Table 2 below indicates the result of tests on addition of plasticizer 3 in the aqueous solution 5 in forming the membrane 17 through application of the solution 5 on concrete surface. As can be seen from the comparison of the thickness of the membrane 17 in Tables 1 and 2, the addition of the plasticizer 3 results in a reduction of the thickness of the membrane 17. Although Table 2 relates to the use of the plasticizer 3 at concentration of 1 to 10 Wt.% based on the amount of the polymer 2, the test results indicate that the plasticizer concentration can be suitably selected in a range of 0.5 - 15 Wt.%. No.
  • Aqueous solution of polymer Plasticizer Membrane produced 1 PVA 15% glycerol 2% Thickness: 0.08 mm 2 PVA 15% glycerol 5% Thickness: 0.04 mm 3 PVA 15% propylene glycol 10% Thickness: 0.07 mm 4 PVA 15% glycerol 1% + propylene glycol 1% Thickness: 0.08 mm 5 PVA 15% + EVA 5% glycerol 2% Thickness: 0.08 mm 6 PVA 30% glycerol 2% Thickness: 0.08 mm
  • results of tensile test on a membrane 17 formed by aqueous solution of PVA without adding any plasticizer 3 are also shown in Table 3.
  • the addition of plasticizer 3 increases the breakdown elongation of the membrane 17 to a great extent as compared with the membrane 17 without plasticizer.
  • the membrane 17 with the plasticizer 3 added therein can toughly resists the peeling force and elongates to a large extent without rupture, so that such membrane 17 can be easily peeled off from the structural surface 1.
  • the filler to be use in the method of the invention can be one or more materials selected from the group consisting of silica sand, calcium carbonate, clay, fly ash, blast furnace slag, and sand, and preferably silica sand and/or calcium carbonate.
  • the filler has effect of reducing the adhesion of the membrane 17 to the structural surface 1, and by adjusting the amount of the filler to be added, the adhesion of the membrane 17 can be regulated to a level for facilitating its peeling.
  • the addition of calcium carbonate will enable the thickness of the membrane 17 to be at a level suitable for easy peeling.
  • the efficiency of the work of peeling and recovery of the membrane 17 can be further improved in the operation of cleaning the structural surface 1.
  • aqueous solution 5 containing 15 Wt.% of polyvinyl alcohol (produced by Kabushikikaisha KURARE with a trade name PVA-120) was applied to a concrete surface and left for 3 hours for producing a substratum membrane 17a.
  • the same aqueous solution 5 of PVA was applied again on the substratum membrane 17a, and immediately thereafter a gauze for medical use was spread on the fleshly applied layer of the aqueous solution 5 as a fibrous reinforcing member 15, and the same aqueous solution 5 of PVA was applied and left for one day, so as to generate a multi-layer membrane 18 of PVA containing the gauze on the concrete structural surface 1.
  • the thickness of the multi-layer membrane was 0.4 mm. This multi-layer membrane 18 was peeled off from the concrete surface without rupturing more easily as compared with conventional membranes having no gauze added therein.
  • Embodiment 1 The same operation as embodiment 1 was repeated except that 2 Wt.% of glycerol based on the weight of PVA was added in the aqueous solution 5 of PVA as a plasticizer. The same result as that of Embodiment 1 was achieved.
  • Embodiment 1 The same operation as embodiment 1 was repeated except that, instead of the aqueous solution 5 of PVA, and aqueous emulsion 5 containing 56 Wt% of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (produced by Kabushikikaisha KURARE with a trade name PANFLEX OM-28) was used. The same result as that of Embodiment 1 was achieved.
  • Figs. 3 and 4 illustrate an example of cleaning dirts on a stucco-finished lime plaster indoor wall relief surface by the method of the invention. If a conventional washing machine with water is used for cleaning a lime plaster finished indoor wall, a number of difficult problems will be caused; namely, that it is difficult to collect water which absorbed dirts, that the lime plaster itself will absorb water and becomes weak, and that there is a risk for the lime plaster to absorb the dirt-carrying water.
  • a thin layer 16 of membrane-forming polymer 2 was applied by a roller 20 and left for one day for drying to produce a substratum membrane 17a as depicted in Fig. 3(B). Then, another thin layer 16 of the membrane-forming polymer was applied on the substratum membrane 17a by the same roller 20 as shown in Fig.3 (C), which was a kind of interim layer for making an intermediate membrane 17c.
  • a further thin layer 16 of polymer for an overlying membrane 17b was applied on the gauze by the same roller 20 while wetting the gauze and paying careful attention not to pull the gauze.
  • the polymer membrane was left for one day for drying, and a multi-layer membrane 18 of four-layered structure having the substratum membrane 17a, the intermediate membrane 17c, the fibrous reinforcing member 15 and the overlying membrane 17b was produced as shown in Fig. 4(A).
  • the multi-layer membrane 18 was slowly and carefully peeled off while avoiding any harm on the stucco-finished surface, as shown in Fig. 4(B).
  • the multi-layer membrane 18 was easily flexed and separated from the surface 1 without any rupture while maintaining its four-layered structure.
  • foreign matters 8 or dirt substance on the stucco-finished surface 1 were adhered to the substratum membrane 17a of the multi-layer membrane 18 and removed together with the multi-layer membrane 18.
  • the surface of the stucco-finished lime plaster indoor wall was successfully cleaned as intended.
  • aqueous solution of 15 Wt.% PVA was prepared by dissolving 150 g of PVA (produced by Kabushikikaish KURARE with Trade name of PVA-120) having a degree of polymerization of 2,000 and a degree of saponification of 98 - 99% in 850 g of water.
  • the aqueous solution 5 thus prepared was applied to a structural surface 1, which was a concrete wall in this case, at a rate of about 1,000 g/m 2 , as shown in Figs. 7(A) and (B).
  • An aqueous solution of 15 Wt.% PVA was prepared by dissolving 150 g of PVA (produced by Kabushikikaish KURARE with Trade name of PVA-120) having a degree of polymerization of 2,000 and a degree of saponification of 98 - 99% in 850 g of water.
  • the aqueous solution 5 thus prepared was applied to a rough concrete structural surface 1 with projections and recesses, at a rate of about 1,500 g/m 2 .
  • PVA with a degree of polymerization of 1,000 to 3,000 can be used for producing a peelable tough membrane 17 on structural surface 1 by spreading an aqueous solution thereof at a concentration of 10 to 30% by weight. If the degree of polymerization of PVA is smaller than 1,000, desired toughness of the membrane 17 cannot be achieved, and if the degree of polymerization of PVA exceeds 3,000 the viscosity of the aqueous solution becomes too high for uniform spreading.
  • An aqueous solution of 15 Wt.% PVA was prepared by dissolving 150 g of PVA (produced by Kabushikikaish KURARE with Trade name of PVA-117) having a degree of polymerization of 1,700 and a degree of saponification of 98 - 99% in 850 g of water.
  • the aqueous solution 5 thus prepared was applied to a concrete structural surface 1, at a rate of about 950 g/m 2 .
  • An aqueous solution of 17 Wt.% PVA was prepared by dissolving 170 g of PVA (produced by Kabushikikaish KURARE with Trade name of PVA-117) having a degree of polymerization of 1,700 and a degree of saponification of 98 - 99% in 850 g of water.
  • the aqueous solution 5 thus prepared was applied to a concrete structural surface 1, at a rate of about 1,000 g/m 2 .
  • An aqueous solution of 15 Wt.% PVA was prepared by dissolving 150 g of PVA (produced by Kabushikikaish KURARE with Trade name of PVA-117) having a degree of polymerization of 1,700 and a degree of saponification of 97 - 99% in 850 g of water.
  • the aqueous solution 5 thus prepared was applied to a concrete structural surface 1, at a rate of about 1,000 g/m 2 .
  • An aqueous solution of 15 Wt.% PVA was prepared by dissolving 150 g of PVA (produced by Kabushikikaish KURARE with Trade name of PVA-120) having a degree of polymerization of 2,000 and a degree of saponification of 98 - 99% in 750 g of water and 100 g of ethyl alcohol.
  • the aqueous solution 5 thus prepared was applied to a concrete structural surface 1, at a rate of about 1,000 g/m 2 .
  • aqueous emulsion of ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer (produced by Kabushikikaish KURARE with Trade name of OM-28) was applied to a concrete structural surface 1, at a rate of about 850 g/m 2 .
  • aqueous emulsion of ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer (produced by Kabushikikaish KURARE with Trade name of OM-4200) was applied to a concrete structural surface 1, at a rate of about 700 g/m 2 .
  • aqueous emulsion of ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer (produced by Kabushikikaish KURARE with Trade name of OM-5500) was applied to a concrete structural surface 1, at a rate of about 720 g/m 2 .
  • aqueous emulsion of ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer (produced by Kabushikikaish KURARE with Trade name of OM-600) was applied to a concrete structural surface 1, at a rate of about 700 g/m 2 .
  • the membrane to be used in the method of the invention it is possible to add sterilizing function to the membrane by adding a suitable agent in it, such as a pesticide, germicide, aromatic, a bleaching agent, a surfactant, and the like.
  • a suitable agent in it such as a pesticide, germicide, aromatic, a bleaching agent, a surfactant, and the like.
  • the anti-micro-organism may exude from the membrane and remain on the structural surface, so that even after the peeling of the membrane, the structural surface can be protected against recontamination by unwanted micro-organism.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
  • Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Verfahren zum Reinigen einer strukturierten Oberfläche (1) durch Ausbilden einer abziehbaren Mehrschicht-Membran (18) auf dieser, Anhaften von Fremdkörpern (8) auf der strukturierten Oberfläche an der Membran und Abziehen der Membran (18) von der strukturierten Oberfläche zusammen mit den an der Membran anhaftenden Fremdkörpern (8), wobei die Membran folgendermaßen erzeugt wird, Herstellen einer Polyvinylalkohol enthaltenden, wässerigen Lösung (5), Anwenden der Lösung auf die strukturierte Oberfläche als eine dünne erste Flüssigkeitsschicht (16), aus welcher sich durch Trocknen ein Substrat (17a) auf der strukturierten Oberfläche (1) ergibt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die wässerige Lösung 10 - 30 Gew.-% Polyvinylalkohol (2) mit einem Polymerisationsgrad von 1.000 bis 3.000 und einem Verseifungsgrad von 95 bis 99 Mol-% enthäit, wobei die Lösung eine Viskosität von 5.000 bis 100.000 mPa·s aufweist, Aufbringen einer zweiten dünnen Flüssigkeitsschicht der wässerigen Lösung auf dem Substrat vor oder nach dem Trocknen der ersten Flüssigkeitsschicht, zum Ausbilden einer Deckschicht (17b) einstückig mit dem Substrat, wenn die zweite Flüssigkeitsschicht trocknet, wodurch Feuchtigkeit in der Membran erhalten bleibt, um die Membran flexibel und leicht abziehbar zu machen.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Membran (18) folgendermaßen hergestellt wird, Ausbreiten eines flexiblen, faserverstärkenden Elementes (15) auf dem Substrat (17a) vor oder nach dem Trocknen der ersten Flüssigkeitsschicht (16) und Aufbringen einer zweiten Flüssigkeitsschicht der wässerigen Lösung (5) auf dem verstärkenden Element mit Benetzung des verstärkenden Elementes derart, daß beim Trocknen eine mit dem Substrat und dem verstärkenden Element einstückige Deckschicht (17b) ausgebildet wird, wodurch eine Festigkeit der Membran in gekrümmten Abschnitten der strukturierten Oberfläche durch das zwischen dem Substrat und der Deckschicht eingebettete, verstärkende Element aufrecht erhalten wird.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Membran (18) folgendermaßen hergestellt wird, Aufbringen einer zweiten Flüssigkeitsschicht der wässerigen Lösung (5) auf dem Substrat (17a) vor oder nach dem Trocknen der ersten Flüssigkeitsschicht (16) derart, daß einstükkig mit dem Substrat nach dem Trocknen der zweiten Schicht eine Zwischenschicht (17c) hergestellt ist, Ausbreiten eines flexiblen, faserverstärkenden Elementes (15) auf der Zwischenschicht vor oder nach dem Trocknen der zweiten Flüssigkeitsschicht und Aufbringen einer dritten Flüssigkeitsschicht auf dem verstärkenden Element mit Benetzung des Verstärkungselementes derart, daß beim Trocknen eine mit der Zwischenschicht und dem verstärkenden Element einstückige Deckschicht (17b) ausgebildet wird, wodurch eine Festigkeit der Membran in gekrümmten Abschnitten der strukturierten Oberfläche durch das zwischen dem Substrat und der Deckschicht eingebettete, verstärkende Element aufrecht erhalten wird, während die strukturierte Oberfläche vor dem verstärkenden Element mittels des Substrates und der Zwischenschicht geschützt ist.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das faserverstärkende Element (15) ein blattförmiges, für die wässerige Lösung (5) durchlässiges Element ist, wodurch das verstärkende Element einstükkig mit der Membran (18) verbunden ist.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der wässerigen Lösung (5) vor dem Aufbringen dieser auf das Substrat (17a) oder dem verstärkenden Element (15) kurze Fasern zugegeben werden, wodurch das Aufbringen der wässerigen Lösung in Ausnehmungen zwischen Erhebungen auf der strukturierten Oberfläche ermöglicht wird, während die Durchlässigkeit der Membran verbessert wird.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das faserverstärkende Element Gaze, ein Flies, ein Kunststoffnetz und/oder eine Glasfasermatte ist.
  7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die kurze Faser ein Werkstoff oder ein Gemisch aus Werkstoffen der folgenden Gruppe ist, Holzbrei, Baumwolle, Acrylfaser, Polyester, Seide, Hanfgam, Kunststoff und Glasfaser.
  8. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der wässerigen Lösung oder Emulsion des membranbildenden Polymers ein Weichmacher zugegeben wird.
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Weichmacher Glycerol und/oder Propylenglycerol ist.
  10. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der wässerigen Lösung oder Emulsion des membranbildenden Polymers ein Füller zugegeben wird.
  11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Füller ein Werkstoff oder ein Gemisch aus Werkstoffen der folgenden Gruppe ist, Quarzsand, Kalziumkarbonat, Ton, Flugasche, Hochofenschlackepulver, und Sand.
EP97305836A 1997-03-14 1997-08-01 Verfahren zum Reinigen einer strukturellen Oberfläche Expired - Lifetime EP0864377B1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

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JP10052553A JP3107030B2 (ja) 1997-03-14 1998-03-04 構造物表面の洗浄方法
US09/038,978 US6123777A (en) 1997-03-14 1998-03-12 Method for cleaning structural surface

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JP61290/97 1997-03-14
JP6129097 1997-03-14
JP6129097 1997-03-14

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WO2014110128A1 (en) * 2013-01-11 2014-07-17 California Institute Of Technology Protective devices and methods for precision application of cleaning polymer to optics

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TW589504B (en) 1997-06-12 2004-06-01 Sharp Kk Liquid crystal display device
ES2264345B1 (es) * 2004-09-28 2007-11-01 Iago Lopez Romero Procedimiento para la limpieza de edificios por aplicacion de latex.

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US5120369A (en) * 1982-04-15 1992-06-09 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Hazardous material removal using strippable coatings
US4613378A (en) * 1984-11-08 1986-09-23 Lawrence Christy Method of restoring marble and brick surfaces
JPH06225848A (ja) * 1993-02-01 1994-08-16 Tootaru Service:Kk 建造物外壁表面の清掃方法
JP2823813B2 (ja) * 1994-05-06 1998-11-11 鹿島建設株式会社 剥離性ポリマー膜による壁面汚れの剥離方法
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014110128A1 (en) * 2013-01-11 2014-07-17 California Institute Of Technology Protective devices and methods for precision application of cleaning polymer to optics

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ATE240792T1 (de) 2003-06-15
EP0864377A2 (de) 1998-09-16
DE69722170D1 (de) 2003-06-26

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