EP0850116B1 - Elektromagnetische einrichtung für eine stranggiesskokille - Google Patents
Elektromagnetische einrichtung für eine stranggiesskokille Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0850116B1 EP0850116B1 EP96932449A EP96932449A EP0850116B1 EP 0850116 B1 EP0850116 B1 EP 0850116B1 EP 96932449 A EP96932449 A EP 96932449A EP 96932449 A EP96932449 A EP 96932449A EP 0850116 B1 EP0850116 B1 EP 0850116B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- continuous casting
- stirrers
- sub
- casting mould
- mold
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- IHQKEDIOMGYHEB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dimethylarsinate Chemical class [Na+].C[As](C)([O-])=O IHQKEDIOMGYHEB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 206010042674 Swelling Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012943 hotmelt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 steel Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000161 steel melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
- B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal
- B22D11/114—Treating the molten metal by using agitating or vibrating means
- B22D11/115—Treating the molten metal by using agitating or vibrating means by using magnetic fields
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
Definitions
- the invention relates to a stationary continuous casting mold, in particular for casting steel, with an electromagnetic device comprising a plurality of partial stirrers, which in pairs arranged at a distance from each other on the outer wall of the continuous casting mold and to a electrical alternating voltage with appropriate phase position to generate a rotating electromagnetic force field are connected.
- Stationary continuous casting molds are suitable for carrying out the method for casting steel in the immersion tube casting process, in which the immersion tube extending into the continuous casting mold is immersed in the melt. It is known to influence the solidification during the continuous casting of high-melting metals, such as steel, by generating rotating electromagnetic fields in the stationary continuous casting mold by stirring.
- a stirring device for stationary continuous casting molds with two part stirring devices which can be operated independently of one another and which are arranged one behind the other in the casting direction on the outer wall of the continuous casting mold is known, for example, from DE-OS 38 19 492.
- the electromagnetic rotating fields are generated in the mold.
- this stirring device is intended to achieve a uniform, finer microstructure of the cast strand, a uniform distribution of non-metallic inclusions, better heat dissipation, etc.
- a stirrer arrangement is known, in which two opposing stirrers are rotated through an angle.
- the stirring device (Herrmann, E., Manual of Continuous Casting, Aluminum-Verlag GmbH, Düsseldorf 1958, pages 417-429") can be formed, for example, from a plurality of electromagnets made of horseshoe-shaped transformer sheets, which are arranged vertically or horizontally on the wall of the Continuous casting mold are arranged. The induction flow goes from one leg of the horseshoe to the other through the molten metal.
- the molten metal passed through the mold is subjected to a continuous mechanical circulation flow due to the magnetic fluxes generated.
- the stirring device is operated such that the electromagnets, the magnetic field of which, for example, propagates in the direction of the vertical axis of the mold, are controlled in such a way that the direction of the maximum magnetic flux rotates about the vertical axis of the mold. This is intended to achieve a good circulation of the metal melt with good efficiency at the same time.
- the invention solves the problem by the in the characterizing part of Claim 1 specified features. Due to the characteristic features of subclaims 2 to 7 is the inventive device of the stationary Continuous casting mold can be designed in an advantageous manner.
- the invention provides that the electromagnetic device at least two Includes pairs of partial stirrers and the partial stirrers of each pair are arranged opposite one another, namely at an angle x-shaped rotated against each other, the rotation in a plane parallel to Pouring direction takes place. All pairs are essentially the same height arranged.
- the electromagnetic Facilities each lead to an upward spiral Rotational movement of the molten metal in the middle of the mold, what causes superheated steel to move up from the bottom of the mold, which in turn solidifies the melt between the ceramic inlet pipe and Mold wall (so-called bridging) prevented.
- electromagnetic device there is a horizontal and vertical Rotation of the melt.
- the electromagnetic device continues to improve the Degree of purity of the cast strand, since the reduction is more vertical Currents in the melt floating impurities into the Slag zone favors.
- the partial stirrers of the pairs facing each other on the broad sides are arranged. Both pairs generate independently in the between them, a mold area lying in a helical upward direction Rotational movement with opposite direction of rotation, whereby the currents of the Steel melt in the stationary continuous casting mold in the area of the dip tube influence each other so that also around the dip tube a helical upward rotational movement of the melt occurs.
- the electromagnetic according to the invention has a particularly good effect Set up when the amount of the angle by which the partial stirrer is opposite the Casting direction are arranged rotated, is in the range between and 30 ° and 60 °.
- the partial stirrers are in the form of coils with one ferromagnetic U-shaped core. This makes a strong one Generate a magnetic field in the stationary continuous casting mold with little effort.
- Partial stirrers are expediently mounted in rotatable holders for this purpose can be adjusted by an actuator.
- the control is usually done either controlled by hand or using a specified setting algorithm.
- the manipulated variable can be, for example, the frequency of the swells on the surface of the Serve melt, but it can also be the depth of the formed on the dip tube Inlet funnel of the molten metal can be used.
- the continuous casting mold 10 is open at the top and bottom; the lower one Cross-sectional area through which the metal strand leaves the mold is normal less than or equal to the upper cross-sectional area of the continuous casting mold 10.
- the Mold walls 11, 12 enclose the mold cavity 13 into which a dip tube 14 protrudes, which has one or more outflow openings at the free end. In the mold cavity 13 is molten metal that continuously over the dip tube 14 can be fed and through the lower mold outlet opening is continuously discharged.
- the molten metal solidifies on contact with the cooled mold walls 11, 12 in the continuous casting mold 10, so that a shell is formed.
- the thickness of this shell gradually increases as the metal Continuous casting mold 10 happens until it as a strand from the lower part of the Continuous casting mold 10 emerges.
- the shell must exit 10 from the continuous casting mold have a sufficient thickness because the strand was not at that time is completely solidified to hold back the molten core that eventually solidifies and forms a solid strand.
- the pouring level in the mold cavity 13 is above the Outflow opening of the dip tube 14 and is covered with mold powder.
- the mold powder serves as a lubricant and reduces the friction between the outer surface of the Melt and the mold walls 11, 12.
- the continuous casting mold 10 is provided with an electromagnetic device 20, from the partial stirrers 21-24 arranged on the mold walls 11, 12 is formed.
- the partial stirrers 21-24 are in pairs 21, 24 and 22, 23 interconnected.
- the angle through which the partial stirrers of a pair are arranged rotated relative to each other is preferably in the range between and 30 ° and 60 °.
- the partial stirrers are a pair rotated by 45 ° against each other, i.e. the rotation of the partial stirrer Pair is (2 times 45 ° equal) 90 °.
- the exact angle is determined in a known manner according to the phase position of the AC voltage, which is used to excite the partial stirrer 21 - 24 cares.
- the partial stirrers 21-24 are turned on AC voltages connected in the order of the partial stirrer 21 - 24 differ by a phase difference of 45 °, so for the Angle by which the partial stirrer of a pair rotates against each other to be arranged, a value of 45 °.
- Each partial stirrer 21-24 has a ferromagnetic U-shaped design Core.
- the core is an iron core that consists of Dynamo sheet is made and carries coils made of copper wires.
- the cross section of the Cores are rectangular; the pole shoes lie on the mold walls 11, 12 on.
- the magnetic fields generated by the partial agitators 21-24 penetrate through the Mold walls 11, 12 into the mold cavity 13 and penetrate the molten metal.
- Each pair of partial stirrers 21, 24 and 22, 23 is operated independently of one another and connected in phases so that in the mold cavity 13 between the Partial stirrers 21, 24 and 22, 23 each have a resulting rotating magnetic field is generated that a rotating mechanical force field in the melt, as in FIG. 3 shown, which originates in the left mold half near the front broad side 12 and in the right half near the rear broad side 12.
- the rotating force field is upwards, but towards the opposite one Mold wall directed, i.e. there are force components in both vertical and in the horizontal direction. So it will be in the left and right mold halves opposing force fields induced, one in the left half of the mold in the middle to the left outer wall and in the right half of the mold one from the middle generate rotating flow in the melt to the right wall.
- the vertical components of the force fields upwards directed; however, the horizontal vector components run in opposite directions for two mold halves.
- the distance between the partial agitator pairs 21, 24 and 22, 23 is so chosen so that the melt performs a stirring movement in the area of the immersion tube, without the melt entering the mold through the dip tube already in Immersion tube is braked. Outside the dip tube is the electromagnetic one Braking effect of the device 20 is quite desirable.
- the partial agitator pairs 21, 24 and 22, 23 consequently produces a constant upward flow of hot melt; the melt becomes an upward spiral rotation imposed.
- the mold cavity 13 faces in the opposite direction, so that it is inside the mold cavity 13 at least partially to suppress the natural movement of the melt comes and the associated swellings on the surface with the disadvantages the drawing of casting powder and slag particles into the strand shell area be prevented.
- the electromagnetic device 20 enables a reversal of the vertical Flow directions in the stationary continuous casting mold with the advantages mentioned with simultaneous horizontal stirring of the melt.
- FIG. 2 shows a top view of the stationary continuous casting mold shown in FIG. 1.
- the connection scheme of the partial agitators 21-24 is the electromagnetic one Device 20 shown.
- the pairs are 21, 24 and 22, 23 the electromagnetic device 20 each electrically connected in series. So are the upper terminals of the coils 25, 27 and 26, 28 connected to each other.
- the series connection can the partial stirrers of a pair 21, 24 and 22, 23 on one normal AC voltage source.
- An actuator is used to adapt to different casting conditions (not shown) by which the partial stirrers of each pair 21, 24 and 22, 23 can be rotated against each other during operation, so much the same to optimally set the electromagnetic device 20.
- the partial agitators 21, 24 and 22, 23 are conveniently mounted in rotatable brackets that the actuator can be adjusted.
- the control is usually carried out by a microprocessor, either controlled by hand or based on a predetermined one Setting algorithm.
- the frequency of the Surges on the surface of the melt serve, but it can also be the depth of the suction funnel of the molten metal that forms on the immersion tube become.
- the electromagnetic device 20 may also be of a variety of Partial agitator pairs 21, 24 and 22, 23 can be constructed, each in a subspace the stationary continuous casting mold the corresponding described above generate magnetic rotating fields with a corresponding sense of rotation, what by correct control of the partial agitator pairs and a corresponding one Angular rotation of the partial stirrers of a pair 21, 24 and 22, 23 against each other can be adjusted.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
- Confectionery (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Description
Aus der JP-A-60 040654 ist eine Rühreranordnung bekannt, bei der zwei um einen Winkel verdrehte, gegenüberliegende Rührer vorgesehen sind.
Zur Erzeugung des Magnetflusses kann die Rühreinrichtung ("Herrmann, E., Handbuch des Stranggießens, Aluminium-Verlag GmbH, Düsseldorf 1958, Seiten 417-429") beispielsweise aus mehreren Elektromagneten aus hufeisenförmigen Transformatorblechen ausgebildet sein, die vertikal oder horizontal auf der Wand der Stranggießkokille angeordnet sind. Der Induktionsfluß geht dabei von einem Schenkel des Hufeisens zum anderen durch die flüssige Metallschmelze. Die durch die Kokille geleitete Metallschmelze wird dabei durch die erzeugten Magnetflüsse einer kontinuierlichen mechanischen Umwälzströmung unterworfen. Die Rühreinrichtung wird so betrieben, daß die Elektromagnete, deren magnetisches Feld sich beispielsweise in Richtung zur vertikalen Achse der Kokille ausbreitet, derart angesteuert werden, daß die Richtung des maximalen Magnetflusses um die vertikale Achse der Kokille rotiert. Damit soll eine gute Umwälzung der Matallschmelze bei gleichzeitig gutem Wirkungsgrad erzielt werden.
- Fig. 1
- eine schematische räumliche Darstellung einer stationären Stranggießkokille zum kontinuierlichen Gießen von Metallen mit einer erfindungsgemäßen elektromagnetischen Einrichtung,
- Fig. 2
- eine Draufsicht auf die in Fig. 1 dargestellte stationäre Stranggießkokille mit dem Anschlußschema der Teilumrührer der elektromagnetischen Einrichtung an eine Wechselspannungsquelle und
- Fig. 3
- eine schematische räumliche Darstellung einer stationären Stranggießkokille nach Fig. 1 mit den durch die erfindungsgemäße elektromagnetische Einrichtung in der Schmelze induzierten mechanischen Kraftfeldern.
- Stranggießkokillenform
- 10
- Schmalseiten
- 11
- Breitseiten
- 12
- Kokillenhohlraum
- 13
- Tauchrohr
- 14
- elektromagnetische Einrichtung
- 20
- Teilumrührer
- 21 -24
- Spulen
- 25 -28
- Gießrichtung
- A
Claims (7)
- Stationäre Stranggießkokille, insbesondere zum Gießen von Stahl, mit einer elektromagnetischen Einrichtung, die eine Vielzahl Teilumrührer umfaßt, welche paarweise auf der Außenwand der Stranggießkokille mit Abstand zueinander angeordnet und an eine elektrische Wechselspannung mit entsprechender Phasenlage zur Erzeugung eines rotierenden elektromagnetischen Kraftfeldes angeschlossen sind,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Teilumrührer (21 -24) mindestens zwei Paare (21, 24 und 22,23) umfassen und die Teilumrührer jedes Paares (21, 24 und 22,23) einander gegenüberliegend und in einer Ebene parallel zur Gießrichtung gegeneinander um einen Winkel x-förmig verdreht und alle Paare (21, 24 und 22,23) im wesentlichen in derselben Höhe angeordnet sind. - Strangießkokille nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß bei einer stationären Stranggießkokille mit rechteckigem Querschnitt die Teilumrührer der Paare (21, 24 und 22,23) einander gegenüberliegend auf den Breitseiten (12) angeordnet sind. - Strangießkokille nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Teilumrührer eines jeden Paares (21, 24 und 22,23) elektrisch in Reihe geschaltet sind. - Strangießkokille nach Anspruch 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die elektrisch in Reihe geschalteten Teilumrührer (21, 24 und 22,23) jeweils an um 90° phasenverschobene Wechselspannungen angeschlossen sind. - Strangießkokille nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Betrag des Winkels, um den die Teilumrührer (21, 24 und 22,23) jeweils gegeneinander verdreht angeordnet sind, 30° bis 60° beträgt. - Strangießkokille nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Teilumrührer (21, 24 und 22,23) als Spulen (25 -28) mit einem ferromagnetischen U-förmigen Kern ausgebildet sind. - Strangießkokille nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß ein Stellantrieb vorgesehen ist, durch den die Teilumrührer jedes Paares (21, 24 und 22,23) während des Betriebs vorgebbar gegeneinander verdrehbar sind.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19533577 | 1995-08-29 | ||
DE19533577A DE19533577C1 (de) | 1995-08-29 | 1995-08-29 | Elektromagnetische Einrichtung für eine Stranggießkokille |
PCT/DE1996/001554 WO1997007911A1 (de) | 1995-08-29 | 1996-08-13 | Elektromagnetische einrichtung für eine stranggiesskokille |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0850116A1 EP0850116A1 (de) | 1998-07-01 |
EP0850116B1 true EP0850116B1 (de) | 1999-03-24 |
Family
ID=7771842
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96932449A Expired - Lifetime EP0850116B1 (de) | 1995-08-29 | 1996-08-13 | Elektromagnetische einrichtung für eine stranggiesskokille |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6021842A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0850116B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2942361B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR100264946B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN1072058C (de) |
AT (1) | ATE177975T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU7124796A (de) |
DE (2) | DE19533577C1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1997007911A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19738821A1 (de) * | 1997-09-05 | 1999-03-11 | Aeg Elotherm Gmbh | Vorrichtung zum elektromagnetischen Rühren einer Metallschmelze |
US6845809B1 (en) | 1999-02-17 | 2005-01-25 | Aemp Corporation | Apparatus for and method of producing on-demand semi-solid material for castings |
US6399017B1 (en) | 2000-06-01 | 2002-06-04 | Aemp Corporation | Method and apparatus for containing and ejecting a thixotropic metal slurry |
US6796362B2 (en) * | 2000-06-01 | 2004-09-28 | Brunswick Corporation | Apparatus for producing a metallic slurry material for use in semi-solid forming of shaped parts |
US6432160B1 (en) * | 2000-06-01 | 2002-08-13 | Aemp Corporation | Method and apparatus for making a thixotropic metal slurry |
US6402367B1 (en) * | 2000-06-01 | 2002-06-11 | Aemp Corporation | Method and apparatus for magnetically stirring a thixotropic metal slurry |
DE102009029889A1 (de) * | 2008-07-15 | 2010-02-18 | Sms Siemag Ag | Elektromagnetische Bremseinrichtung an Stranggießkokillen |
DE102009056000A1 (de) | 2009-08-28 | 2011-03-03 | Sms Siemag Ag | Verfahren zum Gießen von flüssigen Metallen |
US20110048669A1 (en) * | 2009-08-31 | 2011-03-03 | Abb Inc. | Electromagnetic stirrer arrangement with continuous casting of steel billets and bloom |
DE102012213746A1 (de) | 2012-08-02 | 2014-02-06 | Sms Siemag Ag | Vorrichtung zur geformten Ausbringung zumindest teilweise erstarrten Metalls, insbesondere Stranggießkokille, und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer solchen Vorrichtung |
GB201305822D0 (en) * | 2013-03-28 | 2013-05-15 | Pavlov Evgeny | Improvements in and relating to apparatus and methods |
CA2949837C (en) * | 2014-05-21 | 2021-07-13 | Novelis Inc. | Mixing eductor nozzle and flow control device |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS56158259A (en) * | 1980-05-13 | 1981-12-05 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Method for accelerating floating of nonmetallic inclusion in tundish |
JPS5970445A (ja) * | 1982-10-15 | 1984-04-20 | Nippon Steel Corp | 連続鋳造設備用電磁撹拌装置 |
JPS6040654A (ja) * | 1983-08-12 | 1985-03-04 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | モ−ルド内電磁撹拌装置 |
JPS60234757A (ja) * | 1984-05-04 | 1985-11-21 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | モ−ルド内の電磁撹拌装置 |
DE3819492A1 (de) * | 1988-06-08 | 1989-12-14 | Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen | Knueppel- bzw. vorblock-stranggiesskokille |
JPH0673722B2 (ja) * | 1988-09-09 | 1994-09-21 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | 連続鋳造方法 |
-
1995
- 1995-08-29 DE DE19533577A patent/DE19533577C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-08-13 EP EP96932449A patent/EP0850116B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-08-13 AT AT96932449T patent/ATE177975T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-08-13 KR KR1019970709897A patent/KR100264946B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-08-13 CN CN96196594A patent/CN1072058C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-08-13 US US09/029,564 patent/US6021842A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-08-13 AU AU71247/96A patent/AU7124796A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-08-13 DE DE59601517T patent/DE59601517D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-08-13 WO PCT/DE1996/001554 patent/WO1997007911A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1996-08-13 JP JP9509694A patent/JP2942361B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0850116A1 (de) | 1998-07-01 |
JPH11500362A (ja) | 1999-01-12 |
KR100264946B1 (ko) | 2000-09-01 |
CN1194601A (zh) | 1998-09-30 |
DE19533577C1 (de) | 1996-10-24 |
ATE177975T1 (de) | 1999-04-15 |
CN1072058C (zh) | 2001-10-03 |
WO1997007911A1 (de) | 1997-03-06 |
AU7124796A (en) | 1997-03-19 |
DE59601517D1 (de) | 1999-04-29 |
US6021842A (en) | 2000-02-08 |
KR19990028576A (ko) | 1999-04-15 |
JP2942361B2 (ja) | 1999-08-30 |
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