EP0848760B1 - Verfahren zur herstellung von laufbuchsen für verbrennungsmotoren - Google Patents

Verfahren zur herstellung von laufbuchsen für verbrennungsmotoren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0848760B1
EP0848760B1 EP96930114A EP96930114A EP0848760B1 EP 0848760 B1 EP0848760 B1 EP 0848760B1 EP 96930114 A EP96930114 A EP 96930114A EP 96930114 A EP96930114 A EP 96930114A EP 0848760 B1 EP0848760 B1 EP 0848760B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
alloy
billets
sections
temperatures
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP96930114A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0848760A1 (de
Inventor
Bernhard Commandeur
Rolf Schattevoy
Klaus Hummert
Dirk Ringhand
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
WKW AG
Original Assignee
Erbsloeh AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Erbsloeh AG filed Critical Erbsloeh AG
Publication of EP0848760A1 publication Critical patent/EP0848760A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0848760B1 publication Critical patent/EP0848760B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
    • B21C23/18—Making uncoated products by impact extrusion
    • B21C23/183—Making uncoated products by impact extrusion by forward extrusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
    • B21C23/18—Making uncoated products by impact extrusion
    • B21C23/186—Making uncoated products by impact extrusion by backward extrusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C33/00—Feeding extrusion presses with metal to be extruded ; Loading the dummy block
    • B21C33/02—Feeding extrusion presses with metal to be extruded ; Loading the dummy block the metal being in liquid form
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/115—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by spraying molten metal, i.e. spray sintering, spray casting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
    • C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
    • C22C1/1042—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt by atomising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/123—Spraying molten metal

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing liners for internal combustion engines, which consist of a heat-resistant and wear-resistant aluminum material.
  • Liner bushings are components that are subject to wear and tear, which can be Cylinder openings of the crankcase of the internal combustion engine are used, be pressed or poured.
  • the surface of the To provide cylinder bore with wear-resistant coatings there are numerous processes, the surface of the To provide cylinder bore with wear-resistant coatings.
  • Another Possibility is a bushing made of a wear-resistant material in the Arrange cylinders.
  • Gray cast iron bushings used, but one have low thermal conductivity compared to aluminum materials and have other disadvantages.
  • Such one mechanical processing then includes an electrochemical treatment which causes the aluminum matrix between the Si grains to reset slightly is so that the Si grains as a supporting structure from the cylinder surface slightly stick out.
  • the disadvantage of such cylinder liners is one in a considerable manufacturing effort (expensive alloy, complex machining, iron coated pistons, reinforced piston rings) and on the other hand in the poor distribution of the Si primary particles. So there are big ones Areas in the structure that are free of Si particles and thus increased wear subject to. To avoid this wear, a relatively thick oil film is considered Separation medium between raceway and friction partners required. For the Adjustment of the oil film thickness is i.a. the depth of exposure of the Si particles crucial. A relatively thick oil film leads to higher ones Loss of friction in the machine and a greater increase in the Pollutant emissions.
  • hypereutectic AlSi alloys can be produced the high Si content, the fineness of the Si particles and the homogeneous distribution have a very good wear resistance and additional elements such as for example Fe, Ni or Mn get the required heat resistance.
  • additional elements such as for example Fe, Ni or Mn get the required heat resistance.
  • Si primary particles present in these alloys have a size of approximately 0.5 up to 20 ⁇ m. The alloys produced in this way are therefore suitable for a liner material.
  • the object of the invention is therefore an improved, inexpensive To provide methods of manufacturing liners, the manufactured liners with regard to the required property improvements Wear resistance, heat resistance and reduction of pollutant emissions should have.
  • the object is achieved by a method with those in claim 1 specified process steps solved.
  • the required tribological properties are particularly important achieved that procedures are used that are far higher Allow the rate of solidification of a high-alloy melt.
  • this includes the spray compacting process (in the following "Spray compacting"),
  • Spray compacting In the following "Spray compacting"
  • the partially still liquid powder particles are placed on a rotating plate sprayed.
  • the plate is continuously moved downwards during the process.
  • the superimposition of both movements creates a cylindrical bolt that Dimensions of approximately 1000 to 3000 mm in length with a diameter of up to Has 400 mm. Due to the high cooling speeds, this occurs
  • Spray compacting process Si Si primary deposits up to 20 ⁇ m in size. It can the Si content of the alloys is up to 40% by weight. Because of the fast The aluminum melt in the gas jet is deterred The state of supersaturation in the preserved bolt is virtually "frozen".
  • spray compacting can also be used thick-walled tube blanks with inner diameters of 50 - 120 mm and one Wall thickness up to 250 mm can be produced.
  • the particle beam is after spraying onto a carrier tube rotating horizontally about its longitudinal axis directed and compacted there.
  • a tube blank is produced in this way, which are used as primary material for further processing by tube extrusion presses and / or other hot forming processes.
  • the above Carrier tube consists of a conventional wrought aluminum alloy or the same alloy as them is produced by spray compacting (of the same type).
  • the structural state of the spray-compacted bolt or the spray-compacted Rohrluppe can be changed by subsequent aging annealing.
  • the structure can be annealed to a Si grain size of 2 to 30 ⁇ m can be set as required for the required tribological properties is desirable.
  • the growth of larger Si particles during the Annealing process is due to diffusion in the solid at the expense of smaller Si particles causes. This diffusion depends on the aging temperature and the Duration of the annealing treatment. The higher the temperature, the faster the Si grains grow. However, time plays a subordinate role in this process Role. Suitable temperatures are around 500 ° C, with an annealing time of 3 - 5 hours is sufficient.
  • an annealing process is required not mandatory.
  • An adjustment of the Si excretion size is achieved in this case due to the "gas to metal ratio" during the process.
  • About the Spray compacting process produced bolts or tube blankets in the Usually a density of more than 95% of the theoretical density of the alloy. This is for the complete compression and closing of the residual porosity Hot extrusion at temperatures from 350 ° C to 550 ° C is required.
  • the spray compacting process also offers the possibility of using a particle injector to introduce particles that were not present in the melt into the bolt or into the tube blank. Since these particles can have any geometry and any size between 2 ⁇ m and 400 ⁇ m, there are a variety of setting options for a structure. These particles can be, for example, Si particles in the range from 2 ⁇ m to 400 ⁇ m or oxide-ceramic particles (for example Al 2 O 3 ) or non-oxide-ceramic particles (for example SiC, B 4 C, etc.) in the aforementioned particle size range, as are commercially available and for the tribological Aspect make sense.
  • oxide-ceramic particles for example Al 2 O 3
  • non-oxide-ceramic particles for example SiC, B 4 C, etc.
  • Another possibility for generating a suitable microstructure is in the rapid solidification of an aluminum alloy melt oversaturated with silicon (hereinafter referred to as the "powder route"). or inert gas atomization of the melt produces a powder.
  • This powder can on the one hand, be completely alloyed, which means that all alloying elements contained in the melt, or the powder is made from several alloy or element powders mixed in a subsequent step.
  • the fully alloyed or the mixed powder is then subjected to cold isostatic pressing or Hot presses or vacuum hot presses to a bolt or a tube blank pressed.
  • the bolt or tube blank can then be hot extruded be completely compressed.
  • too tribologically sensible structure on the one hand through an annealing treatment and on the other hand by adding particles (oxide ceramic, Adjust non-oxide ceramics, etc.).
  • the bolt blank which is "spray compacted” or was made via the “powder route"
  • the extrusion temperatures are here between 300 ° C and 550 ° C. Extruding a round bar offers advantages in terms of achievable press speeds, which is the manufacture of Makes round bars cheaper.
  • the back pressure can be applied with a stamp in all processes.
  • a back pressure enables the creation of a stress state in the material to be formed, which prevents cracks in the formed material arise. This is particularly necessary for materials that Room temperature only have a limited formability.
  • the temperature range in which the forming can take place without it Changes to the bespoke structure comes from moving Room temperature up to temperatures of 480 ° C.
  • a transformation into Temperature ranges (depending on the alloy system between 520 ° C and 600 ° C), in which a liquid phase occurs, is also possible.
  • the Si precipitates become coarser Sizes of 10 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m, which are also tribologically useful, are reached, if starting material that has not been annealed is assumed.
  • the tube is formed to or near the end wall thickness then machined at the pipe ends.
  • the thin-walled bottom becomes forward and well-backward extrusion removed by machining or stamping.
  • the inventive method has the advantage that the material for the Liner can be tailored.
  • the high effort in Extrusion with regard to pressure, speed and Product quality is followed by the second Dodged hot forming process step.
  • An alloy of the composition Al Si25 Cu2.5 Mgl Nil is compacted into a bolt at a melt temperature of 830 ° C. with a gas / metal ratio of 4.5 m 3 / kg (standard cubic meters of gas per kilogram of melt) after the spray compacting process.
  • the Si precipitates are in the size range from 1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m under the conditions mentioned.
  • the spray-compacted bolt is subjected to an annealing treatment of 4 hours at 520 ° C. After this annealing treatment, the Si deposits are in the size range from 2 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m.
  • Hot extrusion at 420 ° C and a profile exit speed of 0.5 m / min in a chamber tool creates a tube with an outside diameter of 94mm and an inside diameter of 68mm. Since the extrusion temperature is below the annealing temperature, the set structure is retained.
  • the extruded, thick-walled tubes become short sections of 30mm length cut and at 420 ° C by hollow forward extrusion thin-walled pipe sections with an outer diameter of 74 mm an inner diameter of 67 mm and a length of 130 mm.
  • the tubes can be shaped completely without a collar, since everyone Section with the following section.
  • the blank (1) is inserted into the die (2).
  • the press ram (3) in cooperation with the die (2) forms the first Blank (1) partially to a tube around (1B).
  • the press ram (3) moves then back to the starting position and the next blank is in the Matrix (2) inserted (1C).
  • pressing the Press ram (3) is the first pipe section with the help of the second blank fully formed and ejected (1D).
  • Example 2 An alloy as produced by spray compacting in Example 1 is extruded into a round bar with an outside diameter of 74 mm. Due to the simpler geometry, a pressing speed of 1.5 m / min achieve, which means a not inconsiderable cost saving
  • the rod will divided into sections of 27mm in length. These sections are then through bowl - reverse - extrusion at temperatures of 420 ° C to a bowl with an outer diameter of 74mm, an inner diameter of 67mm and molded to a height of 130mm. The thin bottom with a thickness of 4mm is then cut out when machining the pipe ends.
  • An alloy as produced in Examples 1 and 2 by spray compacting has become a round rod with a Extruded 74 mm outer diameter.
  • the Si primary excretions lie in a size range from 1 ⁇ m to 7 ⁇ m.
  • the rod is cut into sections of one Split length of 27mm. These sections are inductive within Heated to a temperature of 560 ° C for 4 - 5 min. At this temperature is the alloy between solidus and uquidus.
  • the partially fluid Bar section is mechanically stable and can still be handled.
  • the partially liquid rod section (1) is in one closed tool, which consists of press ram (3), die (2) and Ejector (4) is formed by cup backward extrusion.
  • This will the section (1) is inserted into the tool (2E) by means of the press ram (3) formed (2F) and by the movement of the ejector (4) ejected (2G).
  • the Si precipitates grow up 20 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
  • Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
EP96930114A 1995-09-01 1996-08-28 Verfahren zur herstellung von laufbuchsen für verbrennungsmotoren Expired - Lifetime EP0848760B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19532253A DE19532253C2 (de) 1995-09-01 1995-09-01 Verfahren zur Herstellung von dünnwandigen Rohren (II)
DE19532253 1995-09-01
PCT/EP1996/003778 WO1997009457A1 (de) 1995-09-01 1996-08-28 Verfahren zur herstellung von dünnen rohren

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0848760A1 EP0848760A1 (de) 1998-06-24
EP0848760B1 true EP0848760B1 (de) 2000-08-09

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EP96930114A Expired - Lifetime EP0848760B1 (de) 1995-09-01 1996-08-28 Verfahren zur herstellung von laufbuchsen für verbrennungsmotoren

Country Status (13)

Country Link
US (1) US6086819A (da)
EP (1) EP0848760B1 (da)
JP (1) JP3582794B2 (da)
KR (1) KR100269898B1 (da)
CN (1) CN1066492C (da)
AT (1) ATE195352T1 (da)
BR (1) BR9610377A (da)
DE (2) DE19532253C2 (da)
DK (1) DK0848760T3 (da)
ES (1) ES2151179T3 (da)
GR (1) GR3034770T3 (da)
PT (1) PT848760E (da)
WO (1) WO1997009457A1 (da)

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KR20180085563A (ko) 2017-01-19 2018-07-27 주식회사 도남알루메탈 튜브 압출 성형방법
CN107058739B (zh) * 2017-01-22 2018-08-07 哈尔滨理工大学 一种过共晶铝硅复合材料及其制造方法、应用
CN107891127A (zh) * 2017-10-31 2018-04-10 宁波百瑞天然气高压压缩机有限公司 一种活塞环翻砂模具
CN110735025B (zh) * 2018-02-01 2021-01-15 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 一种高性能铝合金收口筒体的制备方法
CN108754080A (zh) * 2018-06-13 2018-11-06 中原内配集团安徽有限责任公司 一种基于过共晶合金的发动机缸套
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CN111957759B (zh) * 2020-08-11 2022-07-01 常熟市绿一电器配件制造有限公司 微小通道热挤压模具结构及其制备方法
CN113560827B (zh) * 2021-08-17 2022-09-20 浙江盛林汽车部件有限公司 一种汽车底盘用套管的拉伸成型工艺
CN115945699B (zh) * 2022-12-30 2025-04-18 鑫精合激光科技发展（北京）有限公司 一种零件增材制造方法及终端设备
CN117600464B (zh) * 2024-01-23 2024-03-22 烟台大学 一种高温合金薄壁热挤压装置及方法

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EP0635318B1 (de) * 1993-07-22 1999-04-21 Alusuisse Technology & Management AG Strangpressverfahren
GB2294102B (en) * 1993-12-04 1996-06-26 Ae Goetze Automotive Limited Fibre-reinforced metal pistons
US5545487A (en) * 1994-02-12 1996-08-13 Hitachi Powdered Metals Co., Ltd. Wear-resistant sintered aluminum alloy and method for producing the same
GB9517045D0 (en) * 1995-08-19 1995-10-25 Gkn Sankey Ltd Method of manufacturing a cylinder block
JPH09151782A (ja) * 1995-11-29 1997-06-10 Toyota Motor Corp シリンダブロックの製造方法

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KR19990036230A (ko) 1999-05-25
JP3582794B2 (ja) 2004-10-27
DE19532253A1 (de) 1997-03-06
DE19532253C2 (de) 1998-07-02
DE59605724D1 (de) 2000-09-14
CN1194013A (zh) 1998-09-23
DK0848760T3 (da) 2000-09-25
ATE195352T1 (de) 2000-08-15
ES2151179T3 (es) 2000-12-16
GR3034770T3 (en) 2001-02-28
CN1066492C (zh) 2001-05-30
WO1997009457A1 (de) 1997-03-13
PT848760E (pt) 2001-01-31
JPH11501990A (ja) 1999-02-16
KR100269898B1 (ko) 2000-10-16
EP0848760A1 (de) 1998-06-24
BR9610377A (pt) 1999-07-06
US6086819A (en) 2000-07-11

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