EP0832398B1 - Chambre de combustion catalytique pour turbine a gaz - Google Patents

Chambre de combustion catalytique pour turbine a gaz Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0832398B1
EP0832398B1 EP96915991A EP96915991A EP0832398B1 EP 0832398 B1 EP0832398 B1 EP 0832398B1 EP 96915991 A EP96915991 A EP 96915991A EP 96915991 A EP96915991 A EP 96915991A EP 0832398 B1 EP0832398 B1 EP 0832398B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
combustion chamber
flow
burner
catalytic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP96915991A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0832398A1 (fr
Inventor
Erich Hums
Nicolas Vortmeyer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0832398A1 publication Critical patent/EP0832398A1/fr
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Publication of EP0832398B1 publication Critical patent/EP0832398B1/fr
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/40—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the use of catalytic means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a burner, in particular for a gas turbine, with a catalytic combustion chamber such as shown in document JP-61 053 425.
  • a fuel is a hydrocarbon and / or hydrogen-containing Energy sources in both liquid and provided in gaseous form.
  • a fuel is for example natural gas, oil or methane.
  • Such a burner can preferably be used in a gas turbine.
  • a gas turbine usually consists of a compressor part, a burner part and a turbine part.
  • the compressor part and the turbine part are usually on a common shaft that also serves as a generator Electricity generation drives.
  • the compressor section is preheated Fresh air with a fuel of the type mentioned burned.
  • the hot burner exhaust gas is fed to the turbine part and relaxed there.
  • nitrogen oxides NO x also arise as particularly undesirable combustion products.
  • sulfur dioxide these nitrogen oxides are the main cause of the environmental problem of acid rain.
  • a reduction in flame temperature in the Burner as nitrogen oxide reducing. This is the fuel or the compressed and preheated fresh air water vapor added or water injected into the combustion chamber. Measures that reduce nitrogen oxide emissions per se are referred to as primary measures for nitrogen oxide reduction.
  • the GB 2 268 694 A provided a catalytic combustion chamber, wherein the ignition temperature of a fuel by a partial catalytic oxidation is lowered.
  • the intended ones Catalysts are transverse to the flow direction of the Fuel installed and extend over the entire Flow cross-section. So there is a high flow resistance given.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of a burner, especially for a gas turbine, specify which one through particularly low nitrogen oxide emissions and at the same time is characterized by a particularly high efficiency.
  • a burner according to claim 1 in which a catalytic combustion chamber is provided, wherein the combustion chamber in the direction of flow of a fuel has essentially cylindrical extension and the Wall facing the fuel has a catalytically active coating for oxidation of the fuel.
  • the catalytically induced combustion the fuel has a particularly low nitrogen oxide content of the burner exhaust gas reached. Is through at the same time the coating of the wall of the combustion chamber does not increase connected to the flow resistance, so that with such high efficiency in catalytic combustion chamber a gas turbine can be reached.
  • the essentially cylindrical Shape of the catalytic combustion chamber and the catalytic active coating of the wall help that the fuel ignites from the wall and spreads out the flame front from the catalytically active surface the wall into the free flow of the fuel gas is.
  • the cylindrical shape helps to an essentially concentric and therefore homogeneous Distribution of the flame front, creating a complete and even combustion of the fuel results.
  • the Combustor a fuel comprising a main fuel stream, a preformed partial fuel flow and air, feedable is.
  • the main fuel flow is usually from natural gas and / or coal gas and / or hydrogen.
  • the preformed Fuel partial flow is a partial flow of the Main fuel stream separated and through a preforming stage is directed.
  • Preforming stages are made from natural gas, for example substances that ignite catalytically more easily than natural gas, e.g. Alcohols, aldehydes and hydrogen.
  • One with one such preformed fuel partial flow mixed fuel gas therefore has excellent catalytic ignitability.
  • Fuel can provide that a preformed Partial fuel flow, optionally premixed with air, enters the combustion chamber through holes in the wall.
  • a preformed Partial fuel flow optionally premixed with air, enters the combustion chamber through holes in the wall.
  • the comparatively easily ignited gas mixture of the preformed partial fuel flow directly with brought into contact with the catalytically active coating and ignites spontaneously, so that a reliable, reliable standing Ignition in the form of a hollow cylinder in the catalytic Combustion chamber is formed.
  • the catalytically active coating that is on the wall of the catalytic combustion chamber facing the fuel gas can be provided to cool the wall.
  • the wall can be cooled with air, for example are achieved, while at the same time preheating the air becomes. This preheated air can follow, for example compressed in the compressor section to the combustion chamber inlet pressure become.
  • the catalytic effect of the catalytically active coating occurs particularly advantageously when the catalytic active coating titanium dioxide, which is preferably flame and is plasma-sprayed, and a precious metal portion selected made of platinum, rhodium, palladium, iridium, rhenium and / or a metal oxide component consisting of one or several transition metal oxides.
  • a precious metal portion selected made of platinum, rhodium, palladium, iridium, rhenium and / or a metal oxide component consisting of one or several transition metal oxides.
  • transition metal oxides such oxides come into question which are strongly oxidizing have a catalytic effect, e.g. Copper oxide, Chromium oxide, iron oxide, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, vanadium oxide, Manganese oxide, cerium oxide and other oxides of lanthanoids.
  • a gas turbine 2 which has a compressor part 4, a burner part 6 and a turbine part 7 comprises.
  • the burner section 6 comprises a catalytic combustion chamber 8, the wall 10 of which Has catalytically active coating 12.
  • the catalytic combustion chamber 8 has one in the exemplary embodiment circular cross section.
  • a fuel gas flows in as fuel 14, which in the exemplary embodiment from compressed air in the compressor part 4 16, a main fuel stream 18 and a preformed Partial fuel flow 20 exists.
  • This preformed partial fuel flow 20 is from an original fuel stream 22 separated and passed through a preforming stage 24.
  • the fuel stream 22 is in the embodiment from natural gas, from which in the preforming stage 24 catalytic substances that ignite more easily than natural gas, e.g. Alcohols, Aldehydes and hydrogen are formed.
  • the preforming level 24 includes one to perform its function Ceramic honeycomb catalyst not shown Titanium dioxide base, which additionally contains a precious metal, consisting of superficially applied to the honeycomb catalyst Includes platinum and palladium.
  • the catalytically active coating 12 on the wall 10 of the Catalytic combustion chamber 8 consists of a flame-sprayed Titanium dioxide layer with a thickness of about 500 microns the additional precious metal particles of platinum, rhodium and Palladium and particles of transition metal oxides, such as cerium oxide, Vanadium oxide and chromium oxide are applied.
  • a flame-sprayed titanium dioxide can also be a plasma-sprayed titanium dioxide layer can be provided. Both Layers are characterized by their great strength on the wall consisting mostly of an austenitic steel 10 the catalytic combustion chamber 8.
  • the fuel 14 now flows in the catalytic combustion chamber 8 and ignites at the catalytically active coating 12 of the wall 10. Die auf upstream flame front 26 thus formed is just like the downstream flame front 28 largely rotationally symmetrical, so that the temperature distribution in the catalytic combustion chamber 8 along the main flow direction approximately circular in cross-section Has isotherms. This is for even and Low-emission combustion of the fuel 14 is advantageous.
  • the fuel 14 catalytically burned in this way enters the turbine section at a temperature of around 1100 ° C 7 of the gas turbine 2 and is relaxed there.
  • the in Thermal energy transferred to the turbine becomes the drive of a generator for electricity generation, not shown here used.
  • This generator is on the same Shaft not shown here arranged as the gas turbine 2.
  • the burner exhaust gas 30 leaving the turbine part 7 is due to the catalytic combustion of the fuel gas 14 particularly low in nitrogen oxide and has a nitrogen oxide content of about 70 ppm.
  • the burner exhaust gas 30 cannot in one here waste heat steam generator for steam generation shown further be used.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a figure 1 slightly modified gas turbine 2 '. Limit here the modifications affect the design of the catalytic combustion chamber 8.
  • this measure has two advantages.
  • the first advantage is that Fuel mixture with the lowest catalytic ignition temperature directly on the catalytically active coating 12 enters the combustion chamber 8 'and therefore comparatively ignited spontaneously. This measure therefore bears especially to stabilize the upstream Flame front 26 at.
  • the second advantage is that the walls 10 from the mixture flowing along preformed fuel sub-stream 20 and air 16 cooled become. This cooling also reduces the thermal load the catalytically active coating 12 is reduced, which has a favorable effect on the durability of this coating 12 affects. Cooling of the wall 10 can be shown in FIG Alternatively, by a flow of air 16 can be achieved, which occurs in the compressor part 4.
  • FIG 3 shows a schematic representation of the cross section a modified compared to Figures 1 and 2 catalytic Combustion chamber 34.
  • Wall 10 and 10 can be seen again the catalytically active coating 12 for the oxidation of the Fuel 14.
  • the fuel 14, 22 oxidizes and that brought up over the air 16 and for combustion required oxygen is reduced.
  • the catalytic active coating 12 for the oxidation of the fuel gas 14 is therefore the coating that covers the entire Combustion process with oxidized and reduced combustion products induced.
  • the combustion chamber 34 has three concentrically arranged rings 36 on. These concentric rings 36 are thin strips of sheet metal, consisting of the material of the wall 10.
  • the rings 36 have the same catalytically active coating 12, with which the wall 10 of the combustion chamber 34 is also coated is. For the sake of clarity of presentation is the catalytically active coating 12 only in a selected one Quadrants drawn. Also the rings 36 retaining webs 38 have this catalytically active coating 12.
  • the rings 36 are only in the outer Area of substantially circular cross section of the Combustion chamber 34 arranged to ignite the initial ignition of the Fuel 14 on the outer portion of the cross section of the Limit combustion chamber 34. An expansion of the flame front into the free flow of the fuel gas 14 then takes place automatically.
  • the rings 36 with the catalytically active coating 12 thus help to stabilize the flame front and to ensure a complete and therefore special low-pollution combustion.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Brûleur comportant une chambre (8, 8', 34) de combustion catalytique, la chambre (8, 8', 34) de combustion s'étendant dans la direction d'écoulement d'un combustible (14) de manière sensiblement cylindrique, et la cloison (10) de la chambre de combustion tournée vers le combustible (14) comportant un revêtement actif du point de vue catalytique pour l'oxydation du combustible (14), caractérisé en ce qu'il est envoyé à la chambre (8, 8', 34) de combustion un combustible (14), comprenant un courant (18) principal de combustible, un sous-courant (20) de combustible préformé et de l'air (16), un étage (24) catalytique de préformation catalytique, dans lequel passe le sous-courant (20) de combustible et qui décompose le combustible (14) au moins partiellement en substance facilement inflammable, notamment en alcools, en aldéhydes ou en hydrogène, étant prévu pour la préformation.
  2. Brûleur suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu une pluralité d'anneaux (36) montés concentriquement à l'axe longitudinal de cylindre de la chambre (8, 8', 34) de combustion et munis d'un revêtement actif du point de vue catalytique.
  3. Brûleur suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'anneau (36) ou les anneaux (36) sont montés exclusivement dans la zone extérieure de la section transversale sensiblement circulaire de la chambre (8, 8', 34) de combustion.
  4. Brûleur suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'un sous-courant (20) de combustible préformé, le cas échéant mélangé auparavant à de l'air (16), peut être introduit dans la chambre (8') de combustion par des trous (32) ménagés dans la cloison (10).
  5. Brûleur suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce la cloison (10) peut être refroidie.
  6. Brûleur suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce le revêtement (12) actif du point de vue catalytique comprend du dioxyde de titane, déposé de préférence au pistolet à la flamme ou au pistolet à plasma, et un constituant de métal précieux, sélectionné parmi un ou plusieurs des métaux précieux : platine, rhodium, palladium, iridium, rhénium, et/ou un constituant d'oxyde métallique, sélectionné parmi un ou plusieurs oxydes de métaux de transition.
  7. Turbine à gaz comprenant un brûleur suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 6.
EP96915991A 1995-06-12 1996-06-11 Chambre de combustion catalytique pour turbine a gaz Expired - Lifetime EP0832398B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19521356 1995-06-12
DE1995121356 DE19521356C2 (de) 1995-06-12 1995-06-12 Gasturbine, umfassend einen Verdichterteil, einen Brennerteil und einen Turbinenteil
PCT/DE1996/001020 WO1996041992A1 (fr) 1995-06-12 1996-06-11 Chambre de combustion catalytique pour turbine a gaz

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0832398A1 EP0832398A1 (fr) 1998-04-01
EP0832398B1 true EP0832398B1 (fr) 2000-01-12

Family

ID=7764194

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96915991A Expired - Lifetime EP0832398B1 (fr) 1995-06-12 1996-06-11 Chambre de combustion catalytique pour turbine a gaz

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0832398B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH11507433A (fr)
DE (2) DE19521356C2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2142587T3 (fr)
RU (1) RU2143643C1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1996041992A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19654022A1 (de) * 1996-12-21 1998-06-25 Abb Research Ltd Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Gasturbogruppe
DE10061526A1 (de) * 2000-12-11 2002-06-20 Alstom Switzerland Ltd Vormischbrenneranordnung zum Betrieb einer Brennkammer
DE10061527A1 (de) * 2000-12-11 2002-06-13 Alstom Switzerland Ltd Vormischbrenneranordnung mit katalytischer Verbrennung sowie Verfahren zum Betrieb hierzu
JP4538077B2 (ja) * 2008-06-13 2010-09-08 川崎重工業株式会社 希薄燃料吸入ガスタービン
DE102008056741A1 (de) * 2008-11-11 2010-05-12 Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh Verschleissschutzschicht für Tial
JP5380488B2 (ja) * 2011-05-20 2014-01-08 株式会社日立製作所 燃焼器
WO2016056941A1 (fr) * 2014-10-09 2016-04-14 Дмитрий Александрович ЛЕБЕДЕВ Piston d'un moteur à combustion interne
CN113357628B (zh) * 2021-05-25 2024-03-19 江苏大学 一种折流式自动点火微型催化燃烧器

Family Cites Families (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2941361A (en) * 1952-10-15 1960-06-21 Nat Res Dev Combustion apparatus having a flame stabilizing baffle
US3032991A (en) * 1959-10-01 1962-05-08 Gen Electric Combustion sustaining means for continuous flow combustion systems
US4603547A (en) * 1980-10-10 1986-08-05 Williams Research Corporation Catalytic relight coating for gas turbine combustion chamber and method of application
US4432207A (en) * 1981-08-06 1984-02-21 General Electric Company Modular catalytic combustion bed support system
JPS6153425A (ja) * 1984-08-24 1986-03-17 Hitachi Ltd ガスタ−ビン用の燃焼器並びにその燃焼方法
JPS61178402A (ja) * 1985-02-04 1986-08-11 Tsutomu Kagitani オゾンの分解処理法
US5048284A (en) * 1986-05-27 1991-09-17 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Method of operating gas turbines with reformed fuel
US4811556A (en) * 1986-10-14 1989-03-14 General Electric Company Multiple-propellant air vehicle and propulsion system
DE3809226C2 (de) * 1987-03-20 1994-10-27 Toshiba Kawasaki Kk Hochtemperatur-Verbrennungskatalysator und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
DE3723603A1 (de) * 1987-07-17 1989-01-26 Helmut Prof Dr Rer Nat Krauch Waermetauscher
US5094611A (en) * 1989-09-07 1992-03-10 Atomic Energy Of Canada Limited Catalyst structures and burners for heat producing devices
US5213781A (en) * 1990-10-08 1993-05-25 Kabushiki Kaisha Riken Method of cleaning nitrogen oxide containing exhaust gas
DE4210543A1 (de) * 1992-03-31 1993-10-07 Asea Brown Boveri Druckwellenmaschine
GB2268694A (en) * 1992-07-14 1994-01-19 Rolls Royce Plc A catalytic combustion chamber

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE19521356A1 (de) 1996-12-19
EP0832398A1 (fr) 1998-04-01
ES2142587T3 (es) 2000-04-16
DE59604179D1 (de) 2000-02-17
DE19521356C2 (de) 1999-04-01
RU2143643C1 (ru) 1999-12-27
WO1996041992A1 (fr) 1996-12-27
JPH11507433A (ja) 1999-06-29

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