EP1730441A1 - Dispositif et procede pour stabiliser une flamme - Google Patents

Dispositif et procede pour stabiliser une flamme

Info

Publication number
EP1730441A1
EP1730441A1 EP05717130A EP05717130A EP1730441A1 EP 1730441 A1 EP1730441 A1 EP 1730441A1 EP 05717130 A EP05717130 A EP 05717130A EP 05717130 A EP05717130 A EP 05717130A EP 1730441 A1 EP1730441 A1 EP 1730441A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
fuel mixture
catalyst
burner
flame
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP05717130A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1730441B1 (fr
Inventor
Richard Carroni
Thiemo Meeuwissen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Technology GmbH
Original Assignee
Alstom Technology AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alstom Technology AG filed Critical Alstom Technology AG
Publication of EP1730441A1 publication Critical patent/EP1730441A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1730441B1 publication Critical patent/EP1730441B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C13/00—Apparatus in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/40—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the use of catalytic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/13002—Catalytic combustion followed by a homogeneous combustion phase or stabilizing a homogeneous combustion phase

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for flame stabilization in a burner, with a burner housing which at least partially encompasses a burner volume and into which fuel can be introduced via at least one fuel line and at least one air supply means to form an air / fuel mixture which spreads in a preferred flow direction , which is ignitable in a combustion chamber downstream of the burner housing to form a stationary flame. Furthermore, a method for flame stabilization in a burner in this regard is described.
  • pilot gas supply through which additional pilot gas, which experiences little or no premixing with the supply air, is usually supplied to the flame via a burner lance arranged centrally in the burner.
  • pilot gas feeds lead to so-called pilot flames, which are basically of the diffusion type, even in cases in which the premix burner is operated under lean fuel conditions.
  • a further measure for flame stabilization provides for the use of catalysts which are provided as part of a so-called catalytic piloting in the mixing area of a premix burner and, depending on the air-fuel ratio ⁇ and the oxygen present in the mixture, at least portions of the fuel contained in the air / fuel mixture to oxidize.
  • catalysts which are provided as part of a so-called catalytic piloting in the mixing area of a premix burner and, depending on the air-fuel ratio ⁇ and the oxygen present in the mixture, at least portions of the fuel contained in the air / fuel mixture to oxidize.
  • syngas which consists of H 2 and CO and is a highly reactive gas due to the hydrogen content
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying a device and a method for flame stabilization of a flame which forms downstream of a premix burner in such a way that the measures used for stabilization neither reduce the flame stability, i.e. can have a lasting impact on the location of the flame, can still lead to increased nitrogen oxide emissions. Rather, it should be possible to take flame-stabilizing precautions that largely do not depend on the burner design and do not permanently impair the combustion properties optimized by the burner concept.
  • the measures to be taken are intended to contribute to increased design flexibility in the formation of premix burners and, moreover, to be able to be used on as many different burner systems as possible without having to take into account requirements with regard to special system optimization.
  • a device for flame stabilization in a burner is designed in such a way that a catalyst arrangement is provided upstream of the flame, through which an air / pilot fuel mixture separate from the air / fuel mixture (4) flows.
  • the catalytic converter arrangement has at least two catalytic converter stages, which are arranged one behind the other in the flow direction of the air / fuel mixture which forms within the burner, of which the upstream catalytic converter stage, the so-called POX catalytic converter, is equipped with an air / Pilot fuel mixture is penetrated at a mixing ratio ⁇ ⁇ 1, through which the air / pilot fuel mixture is partially oxidized.
  • the downstream catalyst stage the so-called FOX catalyst
  • FOX catalyst is interspersed with an emaciated air / pilot fuel mixture with a mixing ratio ⁇ > 1, through which the emaciated air / pilot fuel mixture is completely oxidized with the formation of an inert hot gas stream.
  • the process principle on which the device according to the invention is based is based on flame stabilization with the aid of a hot, chemically inert hot gas stream which is at least 600 ° C., preferably up to 950 ° C., which is introduced into or adjacent to the flame in the combustion chamber.
  • the hot, non-reacting gas brings about a thermal stabilization of the homogenized flame which forms within the combustion chamber, the inert nature of the hot hot gas constituents making it possible to supply the inert hot gas flow at any point within the burner system in the area of the flame, without losing the flame position and to change the associated mixing times or to cause increased nitrogen oxide formation.
  • the measure according to the invention creates an unprecedented degree of design flexibility, which allows the device designed according to the invention, which has a so-called two-stage pilot catalytic converter, to be combined with a wide variety of burner systems, largely without having to take into account optimization requirements that would be associated with special system constraints.
  • the two-stage catalyst arrangement can catalyze a fuel-rich, ie rich, air / pilot fuel mixture with an air / pilot fuel ratio ⁇ ⁇ 1 in such a way that a partially oxidized air / pilot fuel mixture from the POX catalyst POX catalyst exits.
  • the partially oxidized air / pilot fuel mixture is mixed with supply air via an appropriate air supply downstream of the POX catalyst to form a lean air / pilot fuel mixture, ie ⁇ > 1, even before entering the FOX catalyst, within which the emaciated air / pilot fuel mixture is completely oxidized.
  • a hot gas which is very hot and chemically inert due to the exothermic oxidation reactions is formed, which is fed into the region of the combustion chamber in which the flame is formed for targeted thermal flame stabilization.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of the catalytic converter arrangement within a burner system
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of a catalytic converter arrangement within a two-stage burner arrangement
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of a catalyst arrangement for realizing a switchover between chemical and thermal flame stabilization.
  • FIG. 1 shows a catalyst arrangement 1 designed according to the invention, which encloses a flow channel 2 through which an air flow L passes from left to right in the illustration.
  • a first catalytic converter 3 the so-called POX catalytic converter, is provided within the catalytic converter arrangement 1 upstream of the flow channel 2 and has a plurality of catalytic converter channels oriented in the flow direction, which are lined with a suitable catalyst material and specially for catalyzing a rich air / pilot fuel mixture is selected.
  • the POX Catalyst 3 is fed upstream from an air / pilot fuel mixture 4, which is composed of a completely mixed fuel flow m P ox, f u ⁇ i and an air flow m P ox, a ir.
  • the air-pilot fuel mixture 4 entering the POX catalytic converter 3 has an adjustable mixing ratio ⁇ PO ⁇ and a selectively adjustable mixture inlet temperature T P ox, i n . Since, as already mentioned, the flow channels of the POX catalytic converter 3 are coated with a suitable catalytic layer, preferably with rhodium or a material compound containing rhodium, and have appropriate flow geometries, any overheating of the channel walls can be caused by the catalytically supported, exothermic partial oxidation of the fuel contained in the air-pilot fuel mixture 4 can be avoided.
  • a suitable catalytic layer preferably with rhodium or a material compound containing rhodium
  • the POX catalytic converter 3 ensures a homogeneously mixed outlet mixture 5, the temperature T P ox, out of which depends on the one hand on the inlet temperature T P ox, in and on the air-pilot fuel ratio ⁇ P ox.
  • the outlet temperature T P ox, o and t of the outlet mixture 5 is in a range between 600 ° C. and 950 ° C., the outlet mixture 5 consisting predominantly of CH 4 , N 2 , CO 2 and H 2 O.
  • the outlet mixture 5 has only a small proportion of the syngas described above, preferably with volume percentages below 5%. Oxygen components O 2 with a volume percentage of ⁇ 5% can also be contained in the outlet mixture 5.
  • the air / pilot fuel mixture 4 fed to the POX catalytic converter 3 has an air / fuel ratio ⁇ PO ⁇ , typically between 0.15 and 0.4, ie that of the POX catalytic converter 3 Air-pilot fuel mixture supplied is relatively fuel-rich or rich.
  • a predetermined amount of air L flowing around the POX catalytic converter 3 is mixed into the outlet mixture 5, with a mass flow 6 mbypass which can be set in a targeted manner and a predeterminable air temperature Tbypass which is identical to or similar to the inlet temperature T P ox, in of the air-pilot fuel mixture 4 supplied to the POX catalytic converter 3.
  • Air-pilot fuel mixture 7 with a suitably dimensioned mass flow rriF ⁇ x, is fed to the so-called FOX catalyst 8, which is arranged downstream in the flow direction through the catalyst arrangement 1, the leaned air-pilot fuel mixture 7 having a temperature T ro ⁇ , in which is less than T P ox, o ut is.
  • the temperature T F ox in moves typically in the range between 500 ° C and 950 C C and depends in particular on the temperature T P ox, the effluent mixture 5 and the amount of supplied air bypass rri ypass out from. Tfox-H. should always be greater than the ignition temperature of the FOX catalytic converter 8, so that it is ensured that the lean air-pilot fuel mixture entering the FOX catalytic converter 8 is completely catalytically oxidized.
  • additional turbulence-generating means such as, for example, venturi arrangements or similar devices, can be provided in order to support the mixing process in order to completely mix and form a lean air-pilot fuel mixture.
  • the FOX catalytic converter 8 is also lined with a suitable catalyst material, for example Pd or Pt, which can be used to ensure that the lean air-pilot fuel mixture 7 passing through the FOX catalytic converter 8 is completely oxidized so that any fuel present in the mixture 7 is converted into CO 2 and H 2 O.
  • the gas mixture m F ox, out emerging from the catalyst arrangement 1 thus has a very high temperature, typically TF ⁇ x, o u t up to 950 ° C. and mainly contains OO 2 , H 2 O, O 2 and N 2 . Only very small proportions of CH 4 can also be present, which, however, cannot impair the chemically inert character of the outlet gas 9.
  • the FOX catalyst 8 which is preferably lined with platinum or palladium, can achieve the adiabatic process temperatures of the gas mixture passing through the catalyst without succumbing to material overheating, especially since the gas mixture passing through the FOX catalyst 8 is greatly emaciated and the associated adiabatic temperatures are far below the material-specific maximum temperatures.
  • the feed according to the invention has one Inert gas flow in the burner area means no influence on the auto-ignition behavior or nitrogen oxide formation.
  • the thermal stabilization of the homogenized flame within the combustion chamber as proposed according to the invention due to the fact that the flame location remains unchanged despite the hot gas supply, thereby preventing a flame shift upstream within the burner. As a result, the mixing times and the associated nitrogen oxide emissions are in no way influenced. This provides improved design flexibility compared to the piloting processes known and in use to date.
  • the use of previously known piloting processes combined with the disadvantages explained at the outset in relation to flame migration and nitrogen oxide formation is made more difficult.
  • the method according to the invention can be used continuously regardless of the burner load, in particular also under full load conditions, even if the flow rate should be reduced. In this way, expensive flushing of fuel channels, such as are used in pilot gas feeds previously used to avoid reignition in the fuel line, can advantageously be completely dispensed with, so that the additional flushing effort associated therewith is eliminated.
  • the catalytic converter arrangement can be used effectively throughout the entire burner load range for firing, for example, a gas turbine system, ie from starting up to full load. It is particularly advantageous when starting a gas turbine to preheat the air / pilot fuel mixture 4 entering the POX catalytic converter 3, for example with the aid of an electric one Preheating, which brings the mixture m P ox, air + m P ox, .uei to the ignition temperature of the POX catalytic converter 3. Once the catalytic converter has warmed up during the starting conditions, the electrical preheating can be switched off.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a preferred possibility of arranging the catalytic converter arrangement 1 within a burner 10, which is preferably designed as a premix burner and, as shown by the arrow, is penetrated by an air / fuel mixture which forms within the burner 10 in the flow direction.
  • a swirl flow D is formed in the flow direction, due to the dynamic flow conditions, e.g. using a swirl generator, which bursts due to the irregular flow cross-sectional expansion between the premix burner 10 and the combustion chamber 11 and forms a backflow zone 12 in which a homogeneous flame is formed 13 trained spatially stationary.
  • the catalyst arrangement 1 is arranged centrally within the flow ratio in the premix burner 10. Additional swirl generators or vortex generators 14, which radially surround the catalytic converter arrangement 1, are provided for complete mixing of the air / fuel mixture occurring within the premix burner and for stabilizing the flame. Of course, it is also possible to position the catalytic converter arrangement 1 in another area located within the premix burner 10. It can also be seen from the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 2 that a separate air / pilot fuel mixture (4) is fed separately to the catalyst arrangement 1 for forming the hot, inert hot gas stream for supplying fuel / air to the burner. The air-fuel mixture flowing around the catalyst arrangement 1 is ignited in the combustion chamber 11 with the formation of a homogeneous flame 13.
  • FIG. 3 shows a further possibility of using the catalyst arrangement 1 designed according to the invention.
  • the catalytic converter arrangement 1 as can be seen in detail from FIG. 1 described above, is used as a first burner stage within a two-stage burner arrangement.
  • the catalyst stage 1 is penetrated by the entire air / fuel mixture which is passed through the burner arrangement and forms a chemically inert hot gas 9 downstream of the catalyst arrangement 1, which is fed directly to a second burner stage 15 in which additional fuel is added to the inert chemical hot gas and bypass air is added.
  • the hot gas / fuel mixture that forms here ultimately ignites in the form of a homogeneous flame 13 downstream of the second burner stage 15.
  • a preferred exemplary embodiment for a possible design of the POX catalytic converter 3 provides for a large number of flow channels which pass through the catalytic converter 3 and which can be divided into two groups.
  • the air / pilot fuel mixture 4 is passed through a first group of flow channels which are coated on the inside with catalyst material, for example with rodium.
  • catalyst material for example with rodium.
  • the advantage of such an embodiment lies in an improved mixing of the outlet flows and moreover enables better control over the POX catalyst temperature T P ox, especially since the flow rates of the two flow components are variably set separately can and the supply air is used for targeted cooling of the POX catalyst 3.
  • FIG. 4 shows a catalytic converter arrangement 1 that is comparable to FIG. 1, with POX catalytic converter 3 and FOX catalytic converter 8 provided along a flow channel 2.
  • POX catalytic converter 3 and FOX catalytic converter 8 provided along a flow channel 2.
  • the generation of a highly reactive syngas containing hot gas could be particularly advantageous for difficult operating situations during the start-up process of the burner and under very low load conditions.
  • no supply air L, ie nri b p a ss 0, is added.
  • the exit mixture 5 emerging from the POX catalytic converter 3 thus does not become leaner.
  • the air / pilot fuel ratio supplied to the POX catalytic converter 3 is typically selected so that syngas generation is supported.
  • the air / pilot fuel ratio ⁇ P ox values is typically> 0.25. Since the exit mixture 5 emerging from the POX catalytic converter 3 contains no or only a small proportion of oxygen, typically ⁇ 3%, only a limited oxidation reaction takes place in the subsequent FOX catalytic converter 8 due to the lack of oxygen. Thus, the reactive hot gases required for flame stabilization are primarily formed in the POX catalyst 3.
  • the problem with such an operating mode is the switchover from the syngas-generating mode described above to the standard scenario according to the invention, in which only hot inert gases are formed with the aid of the catalyst arrangement.
  • the air / pilot fuel ratio ⁇ PO ⁇ of the air / pilot fuel mixture 4 fed to the POX catalytic converter 3 is reduced to values ⁇ 0.15 by either increasing the mass flow m P ox, .uei or reducing the air flow m P ox, air becomes.
  • the resulting richer air / pilot fuel mixture 4 entering the POX catalytic converter 3 has a lower adiabatic temperature at which no syngas production takes place.
  • the outlet temperature T P ox, out drops to values between 500 ° C and 700 ° C.
  • the inlet temperature TFox drops far below the outlet temperature T P ox, out and takes on temperatures of much less than 600 ° C.
  • the flow rates are m PO ⁇ , fu ⁇ i, mpox, ai. and m b y P ass and the resulting mFox, in. the T P ox, out and TFOX I. below the autoignition threshold of a stoichiometric air / fuel mixture, where TFOX ⁇ is lower than the ignition temperature of the FOX catalytic converter 8.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)
EP05717130A 2004-03-30 2005-03-23 Dispositif et procede pour stabiliser une flamme Not-in-force EP1730441B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004015607 2004-03-30
PCT/EP2005/051333 WO2005095855A1 (fr) 2004-03-30 2005-03-23 Dispositif et procede pour stabiliser une flamme

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1730441A1 true EP1730441A1 (fr) 2006-12-13
EP1730441B1 EP1730441B1 (fr) 2008-03-19

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05717130A Not-in-force EP1730441B1 (fr) 2004-03-30 2005-03-23 Dispositif et procede pour stabiliser une flamme

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US7467942B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1730441B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE389852T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2561255A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE502005003324D1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2005095855A1 (fr)

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ATE389852T1 (de) 2008-04-15
WO2005095855A1 (fr) 2005-10-13
DE502005003324D1 (de) 2008-04-30
EP1730441B1 (fr) 2008-03-19
US7467942B2 (en) 2008-12-23
US20070042301A1 (en) 2007-02-22
CA2561255A1 (fr) 2005-10-13

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