EP0821755A1 - Vapour barrier for use in the heat insulation of buildings - Google Patents

Vapour barrier for use in the heat insulation of buildings

Info

Publication number
EP0821755A1
EP0821755A1 EP96909977A EP96909977A EP0821755A1 EP 0821755 A1 EP0821755 A1 EP 0821755A1 EP 96909977 A EP96909977 A EP 96909977A EP 96909977 A EP96909977 A EP 96909977A EP 0821755 A1 EP0821755 A1 EP 0821755A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vapor barrier
barrier according
vapor
diffusion resistance
buildings
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP96909977A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0821755B1 (en
Inventor
Hartwig Künzel
Theo Grosskinsky
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV filed Critical Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Priority to SI9630289T priority Critical patent/SI0821755T1/en
Publication of EP0821755A1 publication Critical patent/EP0821755A1/en
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/66—Sealings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/625—Sheets or foils allowing passage of water vapor but impervious to liquid water; house wraps
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D12/00—Non-structural supports for roofing materials, e.g. battens, boards
    • E04D12/002—Sheets of flexible material, e.g. roofing tile underlay
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
    • E04D13/16—Insulating devices or arrangements in so far as the roof covering is concerned, e.g. characterised by the material or composition of the roof insulating material or its integration in the roof structure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H2301/00—Handling processes for sheets or webs
    • B65H2301/30—Orientation, displacement, position of the handled material
    • B65H2301/36—Positioning; Changing position
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H2701/00—Handled material; Storage means
    • B65H2701/10—Handled articles or webs
    • B65H2701/13—Parts concerned of the handled material
    • B65H2701/131—Edges
    • B65H2701/1313—Edges trailing edge

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a room side
  • Vapor barrier for use in the thermal insulation of buildings, in particular for thermal insulation measures in new buildings and in the renovation of old buildings.
  • thermal insulation measures are carried out when building new buildings and when renovating old buildings. From the economic point of view that must always be taken into account by the client, the cost issue must also be taken into account. In addition, the external appearance of the building is an important factor, which also represents a limitation of what is actually possible. For example, such thermal insulation measures on buildings which have a visible framework can only be carried out by internal insulation layers. The tolerable moisture load of the timber frame must be ensured in particular in winter conditions by the possible vapor diffusion also by the rough vapor barrier. In contrast to this, in the summer months the rain moisture penetrating through the joints between the wooden posts and the infill must also be able to dry inwards in order to ensure a long service life of the timber used for the framework, despite improved thermal insulation behavior.
  • the room-side vapor barrier according to the invention which can also be referred to as a "moist adaptive vapor barrier" uses as the essential material one which has a water vapor diffusion resistance which is dependent on the ambient humidity and which has sufficient traction and resistance for use in buildings Compressive strength.
  • the material for the vapor barrier used in the form of a film or as a coating on a carrier material should have a water vapor diffusion resistance value (s d value) of 2 to 5 at a relative humidity of the atmosphere surrounding the vapor barrier in the range between 30% and 50% In a diffusion-equivalent air layer thickness and at a relative humidity in the range from 60% to 80%, as is typical for the summer months, for example, a water vapor diffusion resistance (s d value) which is less than 1 m diffusion equivalents Air layer thickness is.
  • the invention can also be used in metal roofs or wooden frame constructions and, in addition to improving the thermal insulation, can also lead to a reduction in construction costs there.
  • a material for the vapor barrier that has the desired properties can be, for example, a polyamide 6, a polyamide 4 or polyamide 3, as described in particular by BIEDERBICK, K., "Plastics - in a nutshell", Vogel-Verlag Würzburg , are known to be used. These polyamides are used as films and have the required properties with respect to the water vapor diffusion resistance. They also have the in use strengths required in buildings so that they can be used without additional effort.
  • the thickness of the foils can be in the range from 10 ⁇ m to 2 mm, preferably in the range from 20 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
  • the carrier materials preferably have a low water vapor diffusion resistance, and the required properties of the vapor barrier according to the invention are essentially brought about by the coating.
  • Fiber-reinforced cellulose materials such as, for example, paper webs, foils made of synthetic fiber cobwebs or perforated polyethylene foils, can be used as materials for the carrier or carriers.
  • the material can also be used as a coating on a
  • Carrier material available.
  • the coating can be sandwiched onto the carrier material on one side, but also in special cases between two carrier material layers. In the latter case, the coating material is effectively protected against mechanical attack from both sides and can thus guarantee the desired water vapor diffusion over a long period.
  • Several such layer structures can also be built up one on top of the other.
  • Various substances and materials can be used for coating the carrier material.
  • polymers such as modified polyvinyl alcohols, can be applied using suitable coating processes.
  • the water vapor diffusion resistance differs, measure according to DIN 52615 by more than a power of ten in a dry and a humid environment.
  • plastic dispersions methyl cellulose, linseed oil alkyd, bone glue or protein derivatives can also be used as the coating material for the carrier.
  • the vapor barrier according to the invention can be installed such that the protective carrier material points to the side facing the room or to the side facing away from the room.
  • the vapor barrier according to the invention is formed solely from a film made of polyamide 6. Experiments were carried out with a film thickness of 50 ⁇ m.
  • the polyamide 6 films used are currently manufactured by MF-Folien GmbH in Kempten, DE.
  • the vapor barrier was determined according to DIN 52 615 in the dry area (3/50% relative humidity (RH)) and in the wet area (50/93% RH) as well as in two intermediate humidity areas (33/50% and 50/75% RH). The result for the diffusion equivalents
  • Air layer thickness (s d value) of the vapor barrier with a thickness of 50 ⁇ m is dependent on the the prevailing mean relative humidity is shown in FIG. 1. There is more than a factor of ten between the s d value in the dry and wet areas, so that even under practical indoor air conditions which range between 30% and 50% in winter and between about 60% and 70% in summer , a clear controllability of the diffusion currents through the vapor barrier is to be expected.
  • the moisture-adaptive vapor barrier thus opens up the possibility of cost-effectively insulating steep roofs in old buildings without a great risk of damage.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Thermal Insulation (AREA)
  • Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a vapour barrier for use in the heat insulation of buildings, especially for use in new buildings and the renovation of old ones. The vapour barrier of the invention can effect water vapour exchange in various environmental conditions. This is accomplished by the use as the essential material of a material having a water vapour diffusion resistance depending on the environmental humidity and also had adequate tensile and tear strength.

Description

Dampf remse für den Einsatz zur Wärmedämmung von Gebäuden Steam remse for use in the thermal insulation of buildings
Die Erfindung betrifft eine raumseitig angeordneteThe invention relates to a room side
Dampfbremse für den Einsatz zur Wärmedämmung von Ge¬ bäuden, insbesondere für Wärmedämmaßnahmen beim Neu¬ bau und bei der Sanierung von Altbauten.Vapor barrier for use in the thermal insulation of buildings, in particular for thermal insulation measures in new buildings and in the renovation of old buildings.
Zur Verringerung des Kohlendioxidausstoßes, der durch die Heizung von Gebäuden entsteht, werden Wärmedäm¬ maßnahmen beim Bau neuer Gebäude und bei der Altbau¬ sanierung durchgeführt. Aus für den Bauherrn stets zu beachtender ökonomischer Sicht, ist hierbei auch die Kostenfrage zu berücksichtigen. Außerdem ist dabei das äußere Erscheinungsbild des Gebäudes ein wesent¬ licher Faktor, der ebenfalls eine Begrenzung des tat¬ sächlich Machbaren darstellt. So können beispielswei¬ se solche Wärmedämmaßnahmen an Gebäuden, die über ein Sichtfachwerk verfügen, nur durch innenliegende Dämm¬ schichten durchgeführt werden. Die erträgliche Feuch¬ tebelastung des Fachwerkholzes muß dabei insbesondere unter winterlichen Bedingungen durch die mögliche Dampfdiffusion auch durch die rau seitige Dampfbremse gesichert werden. Im Gegensatz dazu muß in den Som¬ mermonaten die durch die Fugen zwischen den Holzstän¬ dern und der Ausfachung eindringende Regenfeuchte auch nach innen austrocknen können, um trotz eines verbesserten Wärmdämmverhaltens auch eine lange Le- bensdauer des für das Fachwerk verwendeten Holzes zu sichern.To reduce the carbon dioxide emissions caused by the heating of buildings, thermal insulation measures are carried out when building new buildings and when renovating old buildings. From the economic point of view that must always be taken into account by the client, the cost issue must also be taken into account. In addition, the external appearance of the building is an important factor, which also represents a limitation of what is actually possible. For example, such thermal insulation measures on buildings which have a visible framework can only be carried out by internal insulation layers. The tolerable moisture load of the timber frame must be ensured in particular in winter conditions by the possible vapor diffusion also by the rough vapor barrier. In contrast to this, in the summer months the rain moisture penetrating through the joints between the wooden posts and the infill must also be able to dry inwards in order to ensure a long service life of the timber used for the framework, despite improved thermal insulation behavior.
Ähnliche Schwierigkeiten treten auch bei der nach¬ träglichen Vollsparrendämmung bei Stelldächern mit einer dampfdichten Vordeckung (z.B. Dachpappe auf Holzschalung) auf. So zeigten Untersuchungen des Fraunhofer Institutes für Bauphysik, daß bei innen angebrachten Dampfbremsen mit einem Wasserdampf-Diff¬ usionswiderstand (sd-Wert) , der kleiner als 10 m dif¬ fusionsäquivalente Luftschichtdicke ist, insbesondere bei nach Norden ausgerichteten Dächern, die Austrock- nung der Holzschalung im Sommer nicht ausreichend ist, um eine unbedenkliche Holzfeuchtesituation zu erreichen. So können raumseitig angebrachte Dampf- sperren Feuchteanreicherungen, die beispielsweise durch Konvektion hervorgerufen werden, nicht mehr in ausreichendem Maße abführen.Similar difficulties also arise with the subsequent full rafter insulation on roofs with a vapor-tight covering (for example roofing felt on wooden formwork). Studies by the Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics showed that inside attached vapor retarders with a water vapor diffusion resistance (s d value), which is less than 10 m diffusion-equivalent air layer thickness, especially with north-facing roofs, the drying out of the wooden formwork in summer is not sufficient to avoid a harmless wood moisture situation to reach. For example, vapor barriers installed on the room side can no longer sufficiently remove moisture accumulations caused, for example, by convection.
Ausgehend von diesen genannten Nachteilen, ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine raumseitige Dampfbremse zu schaffen, die in der Lage ist, unter verschiedenen Umgebungsbedingungen, variabel im Einsatz, einen Was¬ serdampfaustausch zwischen der Raumluft und dem Inne¬ ren eines Bauteils zu sichern, der Beschädigungen der verwendeten Baumaterialien durch Feuchtigkeit wei- testgehend ausschließt.Based on these disadvantages mentioned, it is an object of the invention to provide a vapor barrier on the room side, which is able, under various environmental conditions, variable in use, to ensure an exchange of water vapor between the ambient air and the interior of a component which Damage to the building materials used due to moisture is largely excluded.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe durch die im kenn¬ zeichnenden Teil des Patentanspruchs 1 genannten Merkmale gelöst.According to the invention, this object is achieved by the features mentioned in the characterizing part of patent claim 1.
Weiterbildungen und Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich bei Verwendung der in den untergeordne¬ ten Ansprüchen genannten Merkmale.Further developments and refinements of the invention result when using the features mentioned in the subordinate claims.
Die erfindungsgemäße raumseitige Dampfbremse, die man auch als "feuchte adaptive Dampfbremse" bezeichnen kann, verwendet als wesentliches Material eines, das einen von der Umgebungsfeuchte abhängigen Wasser¬ dampf-Diffusionswiderstand aufweist und für den Ein¬ satz beim Bau in Gebäuden eine ausreichende Zug- und Druckfestigkeit aufweist. Das in Form einer Folie oder als Beschichtung auf einem Trägermaterial eingesetzte Material für die Dampfbremse soll bei einer relativen Feuchte der die Dampfbremse umgebenden Atmosphäre im Bereich zwischen 30 % und 50 % einen Wasserdampf-Diffusionswider¬ standswert (sd-Wert) von 2 bis 5 m einer diffusions¬ äquivalenten Luftschichtdicke und bei einer relativen Feuchte im Bereich von 60 % bis 80 %, wie er bei¬ spielsweise für die Sommermonate typisch ist, einen Wasserdampf-Diffusionswiderstand (sd-Wert) , der klei¬ ner als 1 m diffusionsäquivalente Luftschichtdicke ist, aufweisen.The room-side vapor barrier according to the invention, which can also be referred to as a "moist adaptive vapor barrier", uses as the essential material one which has a water vapor diffusion resistance which is dependent on the ambient humidity and which has sufficient traction and resistance for use in buildings Compressive strength. The material for the vapor barrier used in the form of a film or as a coating on a carrier material should have a water vapor diffusion resistance value (s d value) of 2 to 5 at a relative humidity of the atmosphere surrounding the vapor barrier in the range between 30% and 50% In a diffusion-equivalent air layer thickness and at a relative humidity in the range from 60% to 80%, as is typical for the summer months, for example, a water vapor diffusion resistance (s d value) which is less than 1 m diffusion equivalents Air layer thickness is.
Dies führt dazu, daß unter winterlichen Bedingungen ein höherer Wasserdampf-Diffusionswiderstand als un¬ ter sommerlichen Verhältnissen erreicht wird. Dadurch kann die Austrocknung im Sommer begünstigt werden, ohne daß unter winterlichen Bedingungen die Feuchte¬ zufuhr einen Wert annehmen kann, der eine Beeinträch- tigung der verwendeten Materialien und des Gebäudes an sich hervorrufen kann.This leads to a higher water vapor diffusion resistance being achieved under winter conditions than under summer conditions. As a result, dehydration can be promoted in summer without the moisture supply taking on a value under winter conditions which can impair the materials used and the building itself.
Die Erfindung kann neben den bereits bei den Nachtei¬ len des Standes der Technik genannten Einsatzzwecken auch bei Metalldächern oder Holzständerkonstruktionen verwendet werden und auch dort neben der Verbesserung der Wärmedämmung zur Senkung der Baukosten führen.In addition to the uses already mentioned in the disadvantages of the prior art, the invention can also be used in metal roofs or wooden frame constructions and, in addition to improving the thermal insulation, can also lead to a reduction in construction costs there.
Als Material für die Dampfbremse, das die gewünschten Eigenschaften aufweist, kann beispielsweise ein Poly¬ amid 6, ein Polyamid 4 oder Polyamid 3, wie sie ins¬ besondere aus BIEDERBICK, K. , "Kunststoffe - kurz und bündig", Vogel-Verlag Würzburg, bekannt sind, verwen¬ det werden. Diese Polyamide werden als Folien einge- setzt und weisen die geforderten Eigenschaften in bezug auf den Wasserdampf-Diffusionswiderstand imma¬ nent auf. Außerdem verfügen sie über die im Einsatz in Gebäuden erforderlichen Festigkeiten, so daß sie ohne zusätzlichen Aufwand einsetzbar sind. Die Dicke der Folien kann im Bereich von 10 μm bis 2 mm, bevor¬ zugt im Bereich von 20 μm bis 100 μm liegen.A material for the vapor barrier that has the desired properties can be, for example, a polyamide 6, a polyamide 4 or polyamide 3, as described in particular by BIEDERBICK, K., "Plastics - in a nutshell", Vogel-Verlag Würzburg , are known to be used. These polyamides are used as films and have the required properties with respect to the water vapor diffusion resistance. They also have the in use strengths required in buildings so that they can be used without additional effort. The thickness of the foils can be in the range from 10 μm to 2 mm, preferably in the range from 20 μm to 100 μm.
Es können jedoch auch andere Materialien eingesetzt werden, die eine nicht ausreichende Festigkeit auf¬ weisen und auf geeignete Trägermaterialien aufbring¬ bar sind. Die Trägermaterialien weisen dabei bevor- zugt einen geringen Wasserdampf-Diffusionswiderstand auf, und die geforderten Eigenschaften der erfin¬ dungsgemäßen Dampfbremse werden im wesentlichen von der Beschichtung bewirkt.However, other materials can also be used which have insufficient strength and can be applied to suitable carrier materials. The carrier materials preferably have a low water vapor diffusion resistance, and the required properties of the vapor barrier according to the invention are essentially brought about by the coating.
Als Materialien für den bzw. die Träger können faser¬ verstärkte Zellulosematerialien, wie beispielsweise Papierbahnen, Folien aus KunstfaserSpinngeweben oder auch perforierte Polyethylenfolien eingesetzt werden.Fiber-reinforced cellulose materials, such as, for example, paper webs, foils made of synthetic fiber cobwebs or perforated polyethylene foils, can be used as materials for the carrier or carriers.
Das Material kann auch als Beschichtung auf einemThe material can also be used as a coating on a
Trägermaterial vorliegen. Die Beschichtung kann dabei einseitig auf das Trägermaterial, aber auch in beson¬ deren Fällen zwischen zwei Trägermaterialschichten sandwichartig aufgenommen werden. Im letzten Fall wird das Beschichtungsmaterial von beiden Seiten wirksam gegen mechanischen Angriff geschützt und kann dadurch über einen langen Zeitraum die gewünschte Wasserdampfdiffusion garantieren. Es können auch mehrere solcher Schichtaufbauten über- einandergelegt aufgebaut werden.Carrier material available. The coating can be sandwiched onto the carrier material on one side, but also in special cases between two carrier material layers. In the latter case, the coating material is effectively protected against mechanical attack from both sides and can thus guarantee the desired water vapor diffusion over a long period. Several such layer structures can also be built up one on top of the other.
Für die Beschichtung des Trägermaterials können ver¬ schiedene Stoffe und Materialien eingesetzt werden. So können beispielsweise mit geeigneten Beschich- tungsverfahren Polymere, wie z.B. modifizierte Poly- vinylalkohole, aufgetragen werden. Dabei unterschei¬ det sich der Wasserdampf-Diffussionswiderstand, ge- messen nach DIN 52615, um mehr als eine Zehnerpotenz bei einer trockenen und einer feuchten Umgebung.Various substances and materials can be used for coating the carrier material. For example, polymers, such as modified polyvinyl alcohols, can be applied using suitable coating processes. The water vapor diffusion resistance differs, measure according to DIN 52615 by more than a power of ten in a dry and a humid environment.
Es können aber auch Kunststoffdispersionen, Methyl- cellulose, Leinölalkyd, Knochenleim oder Proteinde¬ rivate als Beschichtungsmaterial für den Träger ver¬ wendet werden.However, plastic dispersions, methyl cellulose, linseed oil alkyd, bone glue or protein derivatives can also be used as the coating material for the carrier.
Im Falle der einseitigen Beschichtung des Trägermate- rials kann diese auf der Seite aufgebracht werden, auf der kein oder nur ein geringer Schutz gegen me¬ chanische Beeinflussung erforderlich ist. Die Montage der erfindungsgemäßen Dampfbremse kann in diesem Fall so erfolgen, daß das schützende Trägermaterial zu der dem Raum zugewandten oder zu der dem Raum abgewandten Seite zeigt.In the case of the one-sided coating of the carrier material, this can be applied to the side on which little or no protection against mechanical interference is required. In this case, the vapor barrier according to the invention can be installed such that the protective carrier material points to the side facing the room or to the side facing away from the room.
Nachfolgend soll die Erfindung an einem Beispiel nä¬ her erläutert werden.The invention will be explained in more detail below using an example.
Dabei wird die erfindungsgemäße Dampfbremse allein aus einer Folie, die aus Polyamid 6 besteht, gebil¬ det. Es wurden Versuche mit einer Foliendicke von 50 μm durchgeführt. Die verwendeten Polyamid-6-Folien werden zur Zeit von der Firma MF-Folien GmbH in Kemp- ten, DE, hergestellt.The vapor barrier according to the invention is formed solely from a film made of polyamide 6. Experiments were carried out with a film thickness of 50 μm. The polyamide 6 films used are currently manufactured by MF-Folien GmbH in Kempten, DE.
Hygrisches Verbalten im LaborversuchHygric behavior in laboratory tests
Der Dampf iffusionswiderstand der feuchteadaptivenThe vapor resistance of the moisture adaptive
Dampfbremse wurde gemäß DIN 52 615 im Trockenbereich (3/50 % relative Feuchte (r.F)) und im Feuchtbereich (50/93 % r.F.) sowie in zwei dazwischenliegenden Feuchtebereichen (33/50 % und 50/75 % r.F.) bestimmt. Das Ergebnis für die diffusionsäquivalenteThe vapor barrier was determined according to DIN 52 615 in the dry area (3/50% relative humidity (RH)) and in the wet area (50/93% RH) as well as in two intermediate humidity areas (33/50% and 50/75% RH). The result for the diffusion equivalents
Luftschichtdicke (sd-Wert) der Dampfbremse mit einer Dicke von 50 μm ist in Abhängigkeit von der im Ver- such herrschenden mittleren relativen Feuchte in Fi¬ gur 1 dargestellt. Zwischen dem sd-Wert im Trocken- und im Feuchtbereich liegt mehr als eine Zehnerpo¬ tenz, so daß auch unter praktischen Raumluftbedingun- gen, die sich zwischen 30 % und 50 % im Winter und zwischen etwa 60 % und 70 % im Sommer bewegen, eine deutliche Steuerbarkeit der Diffusionsströme durch die Dampfbremse zu erwarten ist.Air layer thickness (s d value) of the vapor barrier with a thickness of 50 μm is dependent on the the prevailing mean relative humidity is shown in FIG. 1. There is more than a factor of ten between the s d value in the dry and wet areas, so that even under practical indoor air conditions which range between 30% and 50% in winter and between about 60% and 70% in summer , a clear controllability of the diffusion currents through the vapor barrier is to be expected.
Praktisches AnwendungsbeispielPractical application example
Rechnerische Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, daß Steil¬ dächer mit dampfdichten Unterdächern nach Einbau ei¬ ner 10 cm bis 20 cm dicken Zwischensparren-Volldäm- mung aus Mineralfaser trotz raumseitiger Dampfbremse innerhalb weniger Jahre so feucht werden können, daß Schäden unvermeidbar sind. Besonders kritisch ist die Situation bei hohen Raumluftfeuchten, die beispiels¬ weise zwischen 50 % r.F. im Januar und 70 % r.F. im Juli variieren, wenn gleichzeitig die kurzwelligenComputational studies have shown that steep roofs with vapor-tight sub-roofs can be dampened within a few years after installation of a 10 cm to 20 cm thick intermediate rafter full insulation made of mineral fiber, despite the vapor barrier on the room side, that damage is inevitable. The situation is particularly critical in the case of high indoor air humidities, for example between 50% RH. in January and 70% RH in July vary when the short-wave at the same time
Strahlungsgewinne durch Nordorientierung relativ ge¬ ring ausfallen. Im folgenden wird deshalb der Einfluß der feuchteadaptiven Dampfbremse auf den langfristi¬ gen Feuchtehaushalt solcher Konstruktionen unter Holzkirchner Klimabedingungen rechnerisch mit Hilfe eines bereits mehrfach experimentell verifizierten Verfahrens abgeschätzt.Radiation gains due to north orientation are relatively low. In the following, the influence of the moisture-adaptive vapor barrier on the long-term moisture balance of such constructions under Holzkirchner climatic conditions is therefore mathematically estimated with the aid of a method that has already been repeatedly experimentally verified.
Ausgehend von einem ungedämmten, nordorientieren Steildach (28° Neigung) mit Holzschalung, Bitumenpap¬ pe und Ziegeleindeckung, das sich mit seiner Umgebung im hygroskopischen Gleichgewicht befindet, ist das Feuchteverhalten nach Einbau einer Zwischensparren¬ dämmung mit einer herkömmlichen und mit der feuchte- adaptiven raumseitigen Dampfbremse in Fig. 2 darge¬ stellt. Oben ist der Verlauf der Gesamtfeuchte im Dach und unten der Verlauf der Holzfeuchte der Scha- lungsbretter über einen Zeitraum von 10 Jahren auf¬ gezeichnet. Während die Feuchte im Dach mit der her¬ kömmlichen Dampfbremse unter jahreszeitlichen Schwan¬ kungen rasch ansteigt, wobei bereits im ersten Jahr langfristig bedenkliche Holzfeuchtewerte (> 20 M.-%) auftreten, ist im Dach mit der feuchteadaptiven Dampfbremse keine Feuchteakkumulation feststellbar. Im Sommer fällt dort die Holzfeuchte stets unter 20 M-%, so daß hier keine Feuchteschäden zu befürch- ten sind.Starting from an uninsulated, north-facing pitched roof (28 ° inclination) with wooden formwork, bitumen paper and tile covering, which is in hygroscopic balance with its surroundings, the moisture behavior after installing an intermediate rafter insulation with a conventional and with the moisture-adaptive room side Steam barrier in Fig. 2 Darge¬ represents. Above is the course of the total moisture in the roof and below is the course of the wood moisture of the lungs boards recorded over a period of 10 years. While the moisture in the roof rises rapidly with seasonal fluctuations with seasonal fluctuations, with long-term problematic wood moisture values (> 20% by mass) occurring in the first year, no moisture accumulation can be determined in the roof with the moisture-adaptive vapor barrier. In summer, the wood moisture there always falls below 20% by mass, so there is no risk of moisture damage here.
Die feuchteadaptive Dampfbremse eröffnet somit die Möglichkeit, Steildächer im Altbaubereich ohne großes Schadensrisiko kostengünstig zu dämmen. The moisture-adaptive vapor barrier thus opens up the possibility of cost-effectively insulating steep roofs in old buildings without a great risk of damage.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Raumseitig angeordnete Dampfbremse für den Einsatz zur Wärmedämmung von Gebäuden, dadurch g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß zumindest ein Teil der Dampfbremse aus einem Material, das einen von der Umgebungsfeuchte abhängigen Wasserdampf-Diffusionswiderstand auf¬ weist, gebildet ist, mit der Maßgabe, daß das Material bei einer relativen Feuchte der die1. Room-side vapor barrier for use in the insulation of buildings, characterized in that at least a part of the vapor barrier is formed from a material which has a water vapor diffusion resistance dependent on the ambient humidity, with the proviso that the material at a relative humidity of the
Dampfbremse umgebenden Atmosphäre im Bereich von 30 % bis 50 % einen Wasserdampf-Diffusionswider¬ stand (sd-Wert) von 2 bis 5 m diffusionsäquiva¬ lente Luftschichtdicke und bei einer relativen Feuchte im Bereich von 60 % bis 80 % einen Was¬ serdampf-Diffusionswiderstand (sd-Wert) , der < 1 m diffusionsäquivalente Luftschichtdicke ist, aufweist.Atmosphere surrounding the vapor retarder in the range from 30% to 50% a water vapor diffusion resistance (s d value) of 2 to 5 m diffusion-equivalent air layer thickness and at a relative humidity in the range from 60% to 80% a water vapor Diffusion resistance (s d value), which is <1 m diffusion-equivalent air layer thickness.
2. Dampfbremse nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Material eine Folie ist.2. vapor barrier according to claim 1, characterized in that the material is a film.
3. Dampfbremse nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Folie ausgewählt ist aus Polyamid 6, Poly id 4 oder Polyamid 3. 3. vapor barrier according to claim 2, characterized in that the film is selected from polyamide 6, poly id 4 or polyamide 3rd
Dampfbremse nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Folie eine Dicke von 10 μm bis 2 mm, bevorzugt von 20 μm bis 100 μm hat. Vapor barrier according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the film has a thickness of 10 µm to 2 mm, preferably 20 µm to 100 µm.
Dampfbremse nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Material eine auf ein Trägermaterial aufgebrachte Polymerbe- schichtung ist.Vapor barrier according to claim 1, characterized in that the material is a polymer coating applied to a carrier material.
6. Dampfbremse nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Polymer für die Polymerbeschichtung ausgewählt ist aus Poly- vinylalkohol, Kunststoffdispersion, Methylcel- lulose, Leinolalkyd, Knochenleim oder Proteinde¬ rivaten.6. Vapor barrier according to claim 5, characterized in that the polymer for the polymer coating is selected from polyvinyl alcohol, plastic dispersion, methyl cellulose, linoleic alkyd, bone glue or protein derivatives.
7. Dampfbremse nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Material auf einem Trägermaterial mit einem geringen Wasser¬ dampf-Diffusionswiderstand als Beschichtung auf¬ gebracht ist.7. Vapor barrier according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the material is applied to a carrier material with a low water vapor diffusion resistance as a coating.
8. Dampfbremse nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Material zwi¬ schen zwei Schichten eines Trägermaterials mit geringem Wasserdampf-Diffusionswiderstand sand¬ wichartig aufgenommen ist.8. vapor barrier according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the material between two layers of a carrier material with low water vapor diffusion resistance is sandwiched wich-like.
9. Dampfbremse nach mindestens einem der An¬ sprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Trägermaterial ausgewählt ist aus einem faserverstärkten Zel- lulosematerial. 9. vapor barrier according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the carrier material is selected from a fiber-reinforced cellulose material.
EP96909977A 1995-04-19 1996-04-18 Vapour barrier for use in the heat insulation of buildings Expired - Lifetime EP0821755B1 (en)

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DE19514420A DE19514420C1 (en) 1995-04-19 1995-04-19 Vapor barrier for use in the thermal insulation of buildings
DE19514420 1995-04-19
PCT/DE1996/000705 WO1996033321A1 (en) 1995-04-19 1996-04-18 Vapour barrier for use in the heat insulation of buildings

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EP1296002A2 (en) 2001-09-24 2003-03-26 Icopal A/S A vapour barrier or underroof for buildings
US7740931B2 (en) 2003-10-06 2010-06-22 Horst Keller Fire protection gate and correlated fire protection inset
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EP2759403B1 (en) 2013-01-29 2016-04-27 Silu Verwaltung AG Humidity adaptive vapour retarder
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EE9700246A (en) 1998-04-15
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KR19980703897A (en) 1998-12-05
CA2215502A1 (en) 1996-10-24
HUP9802610A2 (en) 1999-03-29
CZ292207B6 (en) 2003-08-13
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TR199701201T1 (en) 1998-02-21
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BR9608141A (en) 1999-02-09
JPH11504088A (en) 1999-04-06
DE59606169D1 (en) 2001-01-04
DK0821755T3 (en) 2001-03-05
KR100417903B1 (en) 2004-05-27
HUP9802610A3 (en) 2000-01-28
DE19514420C1 (en) 1997-03-06
UA28098C2 (en) 2000-10-16
EA199700245A1 (en) 1998-06-25
RO116102B1 (en) 2000-10-30
MX9707769A (en) 1998-06-30
AU695567B2 (en) 1998-08-13
ES2153958T3 (en) 2001-03-16
ATE197832T1 (en) 2000-12-15
EA000491B1 (en) 1999-08-26
PL188198B1 (en) 2004-12-31
NO974807L (en) 1997-12-19
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HU221558B (en) 2002-11-28

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