EP0820559A1 - Process for finding the mass of air entering the cylinders of an internal combustion engine with the aid of a model - Google Patents
Process for finding the mass of air entering the cylinders of an internal combustion engine with the aid of a modelInfo
- Publication number
- EP0820559A1 EP0820559A1 EP96909021A EP96909021A EP0820559A1 EP 0820559 A1 EP0820559 A1 EP 0820559A1 EP 96909021 A EP96909021 A EP 96909021A EP 96909021 A EP96909021 A EP 96909021A EP 0820559 A1 EP0820559 A1 EP 0820559A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- air mass
- model
- intake manifold
- equation
- throttle valve
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/18—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals by measuring intake air flow
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1401—Introducing closed-loop corrections characterised by the control or regulation method
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/18—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals by measuring intake air flow
- F02D41/182—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals by measuring intake air flow for the control of a fuel injection device
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/0002—Controlling intake air
- F02D2041/001—Controlling intake air for engines with variable valve actuation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1401—Introducing closed-loop corrections characterised by the control or regulation method
- F02D2041/1412—Introducing closed-loop corrections characterised by the control or regulation method using a predictive controller
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1401—Introducing closed-loop corrections characterised by the control or regulation method
- F02D2041/1413—Controller structures or design
- F02D2041/1431—Controller structures or design the system including an input-output delay
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1401—Introducing closed-loop corrections characterised by the control or regulation method
- F02D2041/1433—Introducing closed-loop corrections characterised by the control or regulation method using a model or simulation of the system
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/04—Engine intake system parameters
- F02D2200/0402—Engine intake system parameters the parameter being determined by using a model of the engine intake or its components
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for model-based determination of the air mass flowing into the cylinders of an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 1.
- the signal of the air mass meter which is used as the load signal of the internal combustion engine, and which is arranged upstream of the intake manifold, does not represent a measure of the actual filling of the cylinders in stationary operation because the volume of the intake manifold acts downstream of the throttle valve as an air reservoir that has to be filled and emptied.
- the decisive air mass for the injection time calculation is that air mass which flows out of the intake manifold and into the respective cylinder.
- the output signal of the pressure sensor reflects the actual pressure conditions in the intake manifold, but the measured variables are available Due to the necessary averaging of the measured variable, inter alia, it is available relatively late.
- variable intake systems and variable valve controls With the introduction of variable intake systems and variable valve controls, a very large number of influencing variables which influence the corresponding model parameters arise for empirically obtained models for obtaining the load size from measurement signals.
- DE 39 19 488 C2 discloses a device for regulating and predicting the intake air quantity of an internal combustion engine guided by intake manifold pressure, in which the degree of throttle valve opening and the engine speed are used as the basis for calculating the current value of the air drawn into the combustion chamber of the engine . This calculated, current amount of intake air is then used as the basis for calculating the predetermined value for the amount of intake air to be drawn into the combustion chamber of the engine at a specific time from the point at which the calculation was carried out , used.
- the pressure signal which is measured downstream of the throttle valve is corrected with the aid of theoretical relationships, so that an improvement in the determination of the intake air mass is achieved and a more precise calculation of the injection time is possible.
- the invention is based on the object of specifying a method with which the air mass actually flowing into the cylinder of the internal combustion engine can be determined with high accuracy.
- system-related dead time Ten which can occur due to the fuel storage and the computing time when calculating the injection time, are compensated.
- the selected model approach includes the modeling of variable suction systems and systems with variable valve controls.
- the by this arrangement and by dynamic reloading, i.e. Effects caused by reflections of pressure waves in the intake manifold can only be very well taken into account solely by the choice of stationary parameters of the model.
- all model parameters can be interpreted physically and, on the other hand, they can only be obtained from stationary measurements.
- the model-based calculation method according to the invention also offers the possibility of predicting the load signal by a selectable number of sampling steps, i.e. a prediction of the load signal with a variable prediction horizon. If the prediction time proportional to the prediction horizon at constant speed does not become too long, a predicted load signal of high accuracy is obtained.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the intake system of an Otto engine, including the corresponding model and measurement variables
- FIG. 2 shows the flow function and the associated polygonal approximation, Intake manifold pressure-controlled engine control systems.
- the model-based calculation of the load variable mzyi is based on the basic arrangement shown in FIG. 1. For reasons of clarity, only one cylinder of the internal combustion engine is shown.
- the reference numeral 10 denotes an intake manifold of an internal combustion engine, in which a throttle valve 11 is arranged.
- the throttle valve 11 is connected to a throttle valve position sensor 14 which determines the degree of opening of the throttle valve.
- An air mass meter 12 is arranged upstream of the throttle valve 11 in an air mass-guided engine control system, while an intake manifold pressure sensor 13 is arranged in the intake manifold in an intake manifold pressure-guided engine control system. Depending on the type of load detection, only one of the two components 12, 13 is therefore present.
- FIG. 1 An inlet valve 15, an outlet valve 16 and a piston 18 movable in a cylinder 17 are shown schematically in FIG.
- Y ⁇ DK is thus the air mass flow at the throttle valve and mzyi is the air mass flow that actually flows into the cylinder of the internal combustion engine.
- the basic task in the model-based calculation of the engine load state now consists in solving the differential equation for the intake manifold pressure
- the general gas constant is denoted by RL.
- the load size mzyi is determined by integration from the cylinder
- equation (2.1) gives the conditions more accurately than with single-point injections, i.e. in the case of injections in which the fuel is metered by means of a single fuel injection valve.
- the first-mentioned type of fuel metering almost the entire intake system is filled with air. There is only a fuel-air mixture in a small area in front of the inlet valves.
- the entire intake manifold from the throttle valve to the intake valve is filled with a fuel-air mixture, since the injection valve is arranged in front of the throttle valve.
- the assumption of an ideal gas represents a closer approximation than is the case with multi-point injection.
- the fuel is metered accordingly
- ⁇ mDK is described by the flow equation of ideal gases through throttling points. Flow losses occurring at the throttle point are reduced by the reduced flow cross
- T S temperature of the air in the intake manifold
- ⁇ A RED can be specified.
- FIG. 2 shows the course of the flow function ⁇ and the approximation principle applied to it.
- the flow function ⁇ is represented by a straight line. With a reasonable number of straight line sections, a good approximation can be achieved. With such an approach, equation (2.2) can be used to calculate the mass flow at the throttle valve
- mj_ describes the slope and nj_ the absolute term of the respective line segment.
- the values for the slope and for the absolute member are shown in tables as a function of the ratio of intake manifold pressure to ambient pressure
- the slope ⁇ ] and the absolute member ⁇ 0 of the relationship (2.4) are functions of the speed, the intake manifold geometry, the number of cylinders, the valve timing and the temperature of the air in the intake manifold Tg, taking into account all essential influencing factors.
- the dependence of the values on ⁇ j and ⁇ 0 from the influencing variables speed, intake manifold geometry, The number of linders and the valve timing and valve lift curves can be determined using stationary measurements.
- the influence of vibrating tube and / or resonance suction systems on the air mass sucked in by the internal combustion engine is also well reproduced via this value determination.
- the values of> and ⁇ 0 are stored in characteristic diagrams of the electronic engine control device.
- the intake manifold pressure Pg is selected as the determining variable for determining the engine load. With the help of the model differential equation, this quantity should be as precise and fast as possible
- the non-linear form of the differential equation (2.1) can be approximated by the biliary equation (2.5).
- the following basic requirements for the solution properties of the difference equation to be formed can be formulated as a criterion for selecting the suitable difference scheme: 1.
- the difference scheme must be conservative even under extreme dynamic requirements, ie the solution of the difference equation must correspond to the solution of the differential equation,
- Claim 1 can be met by an implicit calculation algorithm. Due to the approximation of the nonlinear differential equation (2.1) by means of a bilinear equation, the resulting implicit solution scheme can be solved without using iterative methods, since the difference equation can be converted into an explicit form.
- [N] means the current segment or the current arithmetic step
- [N + l] the next following segment or the next arithmetic step.
- ⁇ flow mzyi that flows into the cylinders can be determined using the relationship (2.4). If a simple integration algorithm is used, the relationship is obtained for the air mass sucked in by the internal combustion engine during an intake stroke
- the values of y ⁇ and ⁇ 0 are subject to a certain degree of uncertainty.
- the parameters of the equation for determining the mass flow in the cylinders are functions of various influencing variables, of which only the most important ones can be recorded.
- Essential parameters of the model for determining the load size of the internal combustion engine are adjusted by correcting the throttle valve angle measured from the
- a REDKORR ARED + A A RED (3.11)
- Door size AARED is formed by implementing a model control loop.
- the air mass flow mDK_LMM measured by means of the air mass meter on the throttle valve is the reference variable of this control loop, while the intake manifold pressure P s measured is used as the reference variable for intake manifold pressure-guided systems.
- the air mass flow mDK_LMM measured by means of the air mass meter on the throttle valve is the reference variable of this control loop, while the intake manifold pressure P s measured is used as the reference variable for intake manifold pressure-guided systems.
- the value of AARED is determined in such a way that the control deviation between the reference variable and the corresponding control variable is minimized.
- the measured value acquisition of the reference variable must be reproduced as precisely as possible.
- the dynamic behavior of the sensor i.e. either the air mass meter or the intake manifold pressure sensor and a subsequent averaging.
- the dynamic behavior of the respective sensor can be modeled in a first approximation as a first-order system with possibly working point-dependent delay times T_.
- T_ possibly working point-dependent delay times
- rriD ⁇ _LMM [N] e ⁇ > ⁇ T ⁇ DK [N - rTlDK_LMM [N - 1] (3. 12]
- the value of the ambient pressure P ⁇ is changed when the amount of the correction variable A ARED reaches a certain threshold ⁇ or if the pressure ratio - Ps is greater than
- P ⁇ is a selectable constant. This ensures that an ambient pressure adjustment can take place both in the partial and in the full-load range.
- FIG. 3 A model comparison for air mass-guided engine control systems is explained below.
- the model structure shown in FIG. 3 can be specified for this system.
- the throttle position sensor 14 ( Figure 1) provides a signal corresponding to the degree of opening of the throttle valve 11, e.g. a throttle opening angle.
- a throttle opening angle e.g. a throttle opening angle.
- values for the reduced cross section of the throttle valve opening are associated with various values of this throttle valve opening angle.
- flap mDK_LMM If a PI controller is used as a controller in this model control loop, the remaining control deviation is zero, i.e. Model size and measured quantity of the air mass flow at the throttle valve are identical.
- Controller ie a reduction in the controller parameters can be switched to controlled model-based operation. Areas in which the pulsations mentioned can thus be treated with the same method, taking into account dynamic relationships, as those rich, in which there is an almost undisturbed leader. In contrast to methods that only take relevant measured values into account at stationary operating points, the system described remains operational almost without restrictions. If the air mass signal or the signal from the throttle valve position sensor fails, the system presented is able to generate a corresponding replacement signal. If the command variable fails, the controlled operation must be implemented, while in the other case the regulated operation guarantees the hardly impaired functionality of the system.
- the "intake manifold model” block represents the conditions as described using equation (2.7) and has therefore
- the middle variable mDK_LMM and the average air mass flow mDK_LMM measured by the air mass meter can be fed to a comparator. The difference between the two signals causes
- the model structure shown in FIG. 4 is given for intake manifold pressure-guided engine control systems, the same blocks as in FIG. 3 being given the same designations.
- the “intake manifold model” subsystem represents the behavior described by the differential equation (2.7).
- the reference variable of this model control loop is the measured value of the intake manifold pressure Ps_s averaged over a segment. If a PI controller is also used, as in FIG. 3, then in the stationary case 96/32579 PCIYDE96 / 00615
- the model variables P s , P s obtained by the intake manifold model are fed to a "prediction" block. Since the models also calculate the pressure changes in the intake manifold, these pressure changes can be used to determine the future pressure curve in the intake manifold and thus the cylinder air mass for the next [N + 1] or for the next segments [ N + H] TO APPRECIATE.
- the size mz y ⁇ and the size mz y ⁇ [N + ⁇ ] then serve for the exact calculation of the injection time during which fuel is injected.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
- Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19513601 | 1995-04-10 | ||
DE19513601 | 1995-04-10 | ||
PCT/DE1996/000615 WO1996032579A1 (en) | 1995-04-10 | 1996-04-09 | Process for finding the mass of air entering the cylinders of an internal combustion engine with the aid of a model |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0820559A1 true EP0820559A1 (en) | 1998-01-28 |
EP0820559B1 EP0820559B1 (en) | 1999-09-15 |
Family
ID=7759410
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96909021A Expired - Lifetime EP0820559B1 (en) | 1995-04-10 | 1996-04-09 | Process for finding the mass of air entering the cylinders of an internal combustion engine with the aid of a model |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5889205A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0820559B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH11504093A (en) |
KR (1) | KR100413402B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1073205C (en) |
BR (1) | BR9604813A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2217824C (en) |
CZ (1) | CZ319497A3 (en) |
DE (1) | DE59603079D1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1996032579A1 (en) |
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EP1076166A3 (en) * | 1999-08-12 | 2003-05-07 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Method and apparatus for the determination of the intake air in an internal combustion engine |
DE10227466B4 (en) * | 2002-06-20 | 2004-06-09 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Method for determining cylinder loading in an internal combustion engine |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH11504093A (en) | 1999-04-06 |
EP0820559B1 (en) | 1999-09-15 |
US5889205A (en) | 1999-03-30 |
CN1181124A (en) | 1998-05-06 |
CN1073205C (en) | 2001-10-17 |
CZ319497A3 (en) | 1999-01-13 |
KR100413402B1 (en) | 2004-04-28 |
CA2217824A1 (en) | 1996-10-17 |
KR19980703458A (en) | 1998-11-05 |
DE59603079D1 (en) | 1999-10-21 |
BR9604813A (en) | 1998-06-09 |
CA2217824C (en) | 2006-01-24 |
WO1996032579A1 (en) | 1996-10-17 |
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