EP0815394B1 - Systeme d'incineration - Google Patents

Systeme d'incineration Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0815394B1
EP0815394B1 EP96905650A EP96905650A EP0815394B1 EP 0815394 B1 EP0815394 B1 EP 0815394B1 EP 96905650 A EP96905650 A EP 96905650A EP 96905650 A EP96905650 A EP 96905650A EP 0815394 B1 EP0815394 B1 EP 0815394B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grate
combustion
zone
combustion chamber
smelting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP96905650A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0815394B2 (fr
EP0815394A1 (fr
Inventor
Theodor Koch
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of EP0815394B1 publication Critical patent/EP0815394B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/085—High-temperature heating means, e.g. plasma, for partly melting the waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/08—Cooling thereof; Tube walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2202/00—Combustion
    • F23G2202/10—Combustion in two or more stages
    • F23G2202/104—Combustion in two or more stages with ash melting stage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
    • F23G2203/101—Furnace arrangements with stepped or inclined grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
    • F23G2206/10—Waste heat recuperation reintroducing the heat in the same process, e.g. for predrying
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/30—Solid combustion residues, e.g. bottom or flyash

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device according to the Preamble of claim 1 and a method for operating such a device.
  • Combustion or Firing systems can actually be divided into two categories differentiate.
  • the first category are the so-called grate firing systems Such are suitable for fixed Fuels such as household waste, industrial waste, Coal etc. These fuels are on a grate burned.
  • a first phase the fuel dried and degassed. This is already partly done in the loading zone of the plant. This is done by the radiation from the combustion chamber and by adding preheated air triggered. This also takes place here Ignition of the fuel on its surface as a result of Flame radiation from the combustion chamber.
  • a second phase the main combustion now takes place, with the dried one Fuel ignites completely (not only on the surface). In this phase there is now more air than in the first phase fed.
  • solid Carbon instead of gaseous products, which by the Firebox in the afterburning chamber.
  • the phases shown here are usually in the Incineration plant also carried out separately, conventionally for example on a mobile Rust, which the fuel slowly in the combustion chamber transported forward.
  • a mobile Rust which the fuel slowly in the combustion chamber transported forward.
  • the transitions of the phases are fluent or not recognizable at all, especially with high fuel calorific values.
  • the second category of incinerators includes Melting processes, such as rotary tube or melting chambers.
  • the rotary tube systems in particular are particularly suitable for the Incineration of chemical waste in solid, pasty or suitable in liquid form. These last two Waste forms cannot be used in grate furnaces as they are not stored on the conventional grate or can be transported.
  • In the melting process become those left over from the combustion process Residues melted. This is done through heat exchange between the residues and the hot smoke gases from the Combustion process in the rotary tube or the melting chamber.
  • the the remaining slag is usually one water-cooled detoxifier fed and solidifies there a glazed granulate, which due to its Water insolubility can be easily deposited.
  • plants can also leave residues of Incinerators of the first category are melted, however, a very high energy input is necessary, since these residues are introduced in cold condition and must be heated up first.
  • Such systems are suitable bad for those due to their low throughput Burning large amounts of fuel, such as of household and / or commercial waste. You can also use the additionally supplied combustion air poorly press such garbage, which means that the Does not melt required combustion temperatures can always be reached or not reliably.
  • the object of the present invention was now to to provide an incinerator, which at a high throughput also solid and / or pasty Can burn fuels and the combustion residue can melt.
  • the afterburner can now on one Grate incinerator on the last grate area, at conventional systems the burnout area, sufficiently high Temperatures are reached to the combustion residues to melt here. This ensures that the remaining residue as a liquid and / or pasty Slag accumulates, for example in a water bath can be cooled, as is the case with a rotary kiln is known.
  • a cooled slag now contains Residual heavy metal residues in water-insoluble, glazed Form and shows only a very small proportion flammable residual material. Such slags can now can be deposited easily.
  • Such an arrangement according to the invention is particularly suitable Device for the combustion of household and Industrial waste.
  • Figures 1 to 3 are the three known types of Grate combustion systems shown schematically. Basically all of these systems have a feed device 1 with which the fuel 2 in the furnace is introduced. The plants usually have one Firing grate 3 and a burnout grate 4. The Fuel 2 is thereby by devices on the grate 3 and 4 itself in the direction of the slag opening 5 transported. For example, known ones for this movable gratings such as roller gratings, push-back gratings, Counter slide grates or counter slide grids used. The Afterburner 6 is in countercurrent firing, as in 1, right at the beginning of the combustion chamber 7 arranged. This leads to the smoke gases being counter to the Direction of movement of the fuel 2 only partially over this be managed.
  • a feed device 1 with which the fuel 2 in the furnace is introduced.
  • the plants usually have one Firing grate 3 and a burnout grate 4.
  • the Fuel 2 is thereby by devices on the grate 3 and 4 itself in the direction of the slag opening 5 transported.
  • the direct current firing according to FIG. 3 also brings no significant improvement in this regard.
  • the afterburner 6 a little further in Material flow direction arranged shifted, here in essentially only the combustion chamber 7 'above the actual one Combustion zone in the combustion chamber protruding edge 8 is easily completed.
  • Burnout rust 4 is not or only here slightly from the hot flue gases of the combustion zone affects.
  • combustion chamber 7 as for example in longitudinal section in FIG shown to the desired result.
  • combustion chamber 7 is formed behind the burnout grate 4, and in this area is preferably also narrowed the hot flue gases over the combustion residues 2 ' guided.
  • the narrowing causes an additional one Heating these combustion residues, among other things by additional heat radiation from the combustion chamber walls, with which that required for the melting of these residues 2 ' Temperature can only be reached.
  • the combustion chamber is preferably in the direction of the flue gas flow provided with swirling edges 9, which to a Swirl the flue gases. This vortex leads also to a better, i.e. homogeneous high Flue gas temperature, which reaches in the afterburning chamber 6 becomes.
  • the grids 3, 4 are not too fast due to the great heat worn out or destroyed, and still open additional air supply for the combustion resp. the Melting process can be dispensed with is preferred provided according to the invention, the grids 3, 4 through cooling channels to cool in the grates themselves.
  • the cooling can be done by gaseous or liquid coolants.
  • the coolant and its temperature can on the one hand the destruction or major wear of the grate 3,4 can be prevented and on the other hand also influence the Combustion process taken in the main combustion area become. It is now possible to approximate one constant stoichiometric combustion in this area too which also develops the hottest flue gases. This cannot be done with conventional grate furnaces can be guaranteed because the additional air is also used Cooling of the grids 3.4 is used. This leads to high calorific fuels cause combustion there must be done with excess air to make the grate 3.4 sufficient to cool.
  • the inventive arrangement of the combustion chamber the burnout grate 4 actually turns into a melting grate.
  • Such a device according to the invention can be universal for the combustion of all fuels are used, with the first area with the Rust combustion in particular also has a very high throughput for solid fuels can be achieved.
  • the walls 7 'of the combustion chamber 7 can chilled masonry can be built, as also on figure 4 can be seen.
  • the masonry for example Air channels available. Cooling air can now flow through these channels be guided and, if necessary, then the combustion chamber 7 are supplied as combustion air. This is Particularly advantageous if a fuel 2 is used low calorific value must be burned, at which a Heat loss through the combustion chamber walls 7 'can be prevented should, so that the melting of the slag is promoted.
  • the temperature of the walls 7 ' i.e. of the masonry preferably by an appropriately regulated or controlled supply of cooling air within a predetermined value held.
  • This temperature value should according to the invention just below the melting temperature of the the walls for the deposit of fly ash or Slag parts are kept.
  • fuel 2 with a high calorific value are with a Device higher temperatures in the combustion chamber 7 than this Slag melting temperature achieved.
  • By an appropriate Cooling of the combustion chamber walls will melt the Fly ash resp. Prevents slag. The melted one The masonry would be severely affected by slag pull. Due to the adjustability of this temperature moreover the thickness of the slag layer can be adjusted preferably only a very thin layer of slag sought.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
  • Baking, Grill, Roasting (AREA)

Claims (22)

  1. Dispositif pour la combustion d'une matière solide et/ou pâteuse (2) qui comprend une arrivée de matière (1), une grille de chauffage et d'incinération (3, 4), des moyens pour l'arrivée d'air comburant à la région de la grille, une chambre de combustion (7) disposée au-dessus de la grille, ainsi qu'une chambre de post-combustion (6) reliée à celle-ci, caractérisé en ce que la chambre de combustion (7) est fermée et disposée sur la totalité de la région (3, 4) de la grille et débouche au plus tôt dans la chambre de post-combustion (6) à l'extrémité de la région (3, 4) de la grille qui est éloignée de l'arrivée de matière (1).
  2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la grille (3, 4) comprend des moyens de transport pour transporter la matière à brûler (2).
  3. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 2, caractérisé en ce que la chambre de combustion (7) présente, avant le débouché dans la chambre de post-combustion (6) au moins une arête de turbulence (9) qui est dirigée vers la région (3, 4) de la grille.
  4. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la grille de chauffage (3, 4) est divisée en au moins deux régions, une première région de combustion (3) et une région de fusion (4), qui y fait suite.
  5. Dispositif selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce qu'au-dessus de la région de fusion (4), la chambre de combustion (7) présente une plus petite section, de préférence une plus petite hauteur, qu'au-dessus de la région de combustion (3).
  6. Dispositif selon la revendication 4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce que, dans la région de combustion (3), la grille est inclinée d'au moins 5° sur l'horizontale en direction de la chambre de post-combustion (6).
  7. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 4 à 6, caractérisé en ce que, dans la région de fusion, la grille (4) est inclinée d'au moins 5°, de préférence de 25°, sur l'horizontale en direction de la chambre de post-combustion (6).
  8. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 4 à 7, caractérisé en ce que la grille présente un gradin (10) entre la région de combustion (3) et la région de fusion (4).
  9. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 4 à 8, caractérisé en ce que la grille est plus fortement inclinée sur l'horizontale dans la région de fusion (4) que dans la région de combustion (3).
  10. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 4 à 9, caractérisé en ce que la grille située dans la région de fusion (4) est de configuration concave en section transversale.
  11. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une partie de la grille (3, 4) présente des canaux de refroidissement pour recevoir un fluide de refroidissement.
  12. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce qu'en supplément de l'arrivée de matière primaire (1), il est prévu au moins une autre arrivée de matière qui est disposée à l'intérieur de la région (3, 4) de la grille.
  13. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 4 à 11, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une arrivée de matière supplémentaire est prévue entre la région de combustion (3) et la région de fusion (4).
  14. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu, dans la chambre de post-combustion (6), des buses de soufflage (11) pour l'arrivée d'air secondaire et/ou de gaz de fumée recyclé, qui présentent des plaques (12), de préférence faites d'une matière céramique, devant leurs ouvertures de sortie.
  15. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 14, caractérisé en ce qu'un tube rotatif (13) est prévu en aval de la grille de chauffage (3) et de la grille d'incinération (4) et en ce que la chambre de post-combustion (6) est disposée seulement en aval de ce tube rotatif (13), l'ouverture de sortie de la chambre de combustion (7) étant disposée de telle sorte que les gaz de fumée qui y sont produits passent entièrement dans le tube rotatif (13) avant de parvenir dans la chambre de combustion (7).
  16. Dispositif selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que des moyens (14) sont prévus pour introduire un combustible liquide dans le tube rotatif (13) à travers la chambre de combustion (7).
  17. Procédé pour l'exploitation d'un dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 16, caractérisé en ce que :
    une matière combustible (2) est déposée sur le début de la grille (3) à l'aide d'un dispositif d'arrivée (1),
    la matière combustible (2) est transportée, en partant du dispositif d'arrivée (1), à travers l'espace de combustion (7), à l'aide d'éléments mobiles de la grille (3, 4),
    on obtient une combustion presque stoechiométrique au moins dans la première région (3) de la grille par une arrivée d'air additionnel,
    dans la chambre de combustion (7), le gaz de fumée passe au-dessus de la région (3, 4) de la grille jusqu'à son extrémité et il est seulement après envoyé à la chambre de post-combustion (6).
  18. Procédé selon la revendication 17, caractérisé en ce que, dans la région aval (4) de la grille, un combustible à haute valeur calorique, de préférence pulvérulent, liquide ou granulaire, est acheminé sur les résidus de combustion pour favoriser le processus de combustion dans cette région (4).
  19. Procédé selon la revendication 17 ou 18, caractérisé en ce que des cendres volantes sont ajoutées sur les résidus de combustion (2') qui se trouvent dans la région aval (4) de la grille.
  20. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 17 à 19, caractérisé en ce que les parois (7') de l'espace de combustion sont refroidies à une température prédéterminée et, après avoir parcouru les parois (7') de l'espace de combustion, l'air de refroidissement est amené comme air comburant dans l'espace de combustion (7).
  21. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 17 à 20, caractérisé en ce que les parois (7') de l'espace de combustion sont maintenues, par l'arrivée commandée ou réglée d'air de refroidissement, à une température qui n'est que légèrement inférieure, de préférence de 50° au plus, à la température de fusion de la matière de cendres volantes ou de scories qui se dépose sur les parois de l'espace de combustion.
  22. Utilisation d'un dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 16, pour la combustion de déchets ménagers et industriels et pour la fusion des résidus de combustion.
EP96905650A 1995-03-30 1996-03-12 Systeme d'incineration Expired - Lifetime EP0815394B2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH89795 1995-03-30
CH89795 1995-03-30
CH897/95 1995-03-30
PCT/CH1996/000093 WO1996030701A1 (fr) 1995-03-30 1996-03-12 Systeme d'incineration

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0815394A1 EP0815394A1 (fr) 1998-01-07
EP0815394B1 true EP0815394B1 (fr) 1999-09-15
EP0815394B2 EP0815394B2 (fr) 2002-04-17

Family

ID=4197730

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96905650A Expired - Lifetime EP0815394B2 (fr) 1995-03-30 1996-03-12 Systeme d'incineration

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0815394B2 (fr)
JP (1) JPH11502603A (fr)
KR (1) KR19980703333A (fr)
AT (1) ATE184693T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE59603073D1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0815394T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2137672T3 (fr)
GR (1) GR3031827T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO1996030701A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT411705B (de) * 2001-06-01 2004-04-26 Bios Bioenergiesysteme Gmbh Anlage und verfahren zur verfeuerung von biomasse
KR20020092318A (ko) * 2002-11-14 2002-12-11 김기경 고정식 수냉 화격자 소각로
CN101922719A (zh) * 2010-08-27 2010-12-22 江苏太湖锅炉股份有限公司 生物质锅炉的组合炉排结构

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1348314A (fr) * 1963-02-25 1964-01-04 Forni Ed Impianti Ind Ingg De Bartolomeis Spa Perfectionnement apporté aux fours à grilles pour l'incinération des ordures ménagères
US3745941A (en) * 1971-12-03 1973-07-17 B Reilly Slagging refuse incinerators
DK168245B1 (da) * 1990-07-03 1994-02-28 Lund Milj Teknik A S V Fremgangsmåde og anlæg til forbrænding af fast og eventuelt flydende affald af forskellig art
DE4219231C1 (de) * 1992-06-12 1993-10-21 Babcock Anlagen Gmbh Verfahren zur Verbrennung von Abfall und Abfallverbrennungsanlage

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2137672T3 (es) 1999-12-16
GR3031827T3 (en) 2000-02-29
EP0815394B2 (fr) 2002-04-17
KR19980703333A (ko) 1998-10-15
ATE184693T1 (de) 1999-10-15
JPH11502603A (ja) 1999-03-02
DK0815394T3 (da) 2000-04-03
WO1996030701A1 (fr) 1996-10-03
DE59603073D1 (de) 1999-10-21
EP0815394A1 (fr) 1998-01-07

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