EP0815394B1 - Verbrennungsanlage - Google Patents
Verbrennungsanlage Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0815394B1 EP0815394B1 EP96905650A EP96905650A EP0815394B1 EP 0815394 B1 EP0815394 B1 EP 0815394B1 EP 96905650 A EP96905650 A EP 96905650A EP 96905650 A EP96905650 A EP 96905650A EP 0815394 B1 EP0815394 B1 EP 0815394B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- grate
- combustion
- zone
- combustion chamber
- smelting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
- F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
- F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
- F23G5/085—High-temperature heating means, e.g. plasma, for partly melting the waste
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
- F23M5/08—Cooling thereof; Tube walls
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2202/00—Combustion
- F23G2202/10—Combustion in two or more stages
- F23G2202/104—Combustion in two or more stages with ash melting stage
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
- F23G2203/101—Furnace arrangements with stepped or inclined grate
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
- F23G2206/10—Waste heat recuperation reintroducing the heat in the same process, e.g. for predrying
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2209/00—Specific waste
- F23G2209/30—Solid combustion residues, e.g. bottom or flyash
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device according to the Preamble of claim 1 and a method for operating such a device.
- Combustion or Firing systems can actually be divided into two categories differentiate.
- the first category are the so-called grate firing systems Such are suitable for fixed Fuels such as household waste, industrial waste, Coal etc. These fuels are on a grate burned.
- a first phase the fuel dried and degassed. This is already partly done in the loading zone of the plant. This is done by the radiation from the combustion chamber and by adding preheated air triggered. This also takes place here Ignition of the fuel on its surface as a result of Flame radiation from the combustion chamber.
- a second phase the main combustion now takes place, with the dried one Fuel ignites completely (not only on the surface). In this phase there is now more air than in the first phase fed.
- solid Carbon instead of gaseous products, which by the Firebox in the afterburning chamber.
- the phases shown here are usually in the Incineration plant also carried out separately, conventionally for example on a mobile Rust, which the fuel slowly in the combustion chamber transported forward.
- a mobile Rust which the fuel slowly in the combustion chamber transported forward.
- the transitions of the phases are fluent or not recognizable at all, especially with high fuel calorific values.
- the second category of incinerators includes Melting processes, such as rotary tube or melting chambers.
- the rotary tube systems in particular are particularly suitable for the Incineration of chemical waste in solid, pasty or suitable in liquid form. These last two Waste forms cannot be used in grate furnaces as they are not stored on the conventional grate or can be transported.
- In the melting process become those left over from the combustion process Residues melted. This is done through heat exchange between the residues and the hot smoke gases from the Combustion process in the rotary tube or the melting chamber.
- the the remaining slag is usually one water-cooled detoxifier fed and solidifies there a glazed granulate, which due to its Water insolubility can be easily deposited.
- plants can also leave residues of Incinerators of the first category are melted, however, a very high energy input is necessary, since these residues are introduced in cold condition and must be heated up first.
- Such systems are suitable bad for those due to their low throughput Burning large amounts of fuel, such as of household and / or commercial waste. You can also use the additionally supplied combustion air poorly press such garbage, which means that the Does not melt required combustion temperatures can always be reached or not reliably.
- the object of the present invention was now to to provide an incinerator, which at a high throughput also solid and / or pasty Can burn fuels and the combustion residue can melt.
- the afterburner can now on one Grate incinerator on the last grate area, at conventional systems the burnout area, sufficiently high Temperatures are reached to the combustion residues to melt here. This ensures that the remaining residue as a liquid and / or pasty Slag accumulates, for example in a water bath can be cooled, as is the case with a rotary kiln is known.
- a cooled slag now contains Residual heavy metal residues in water-insoluble, glazed Form and shows only a very small proportion flammable residual material. Such slags can now can be deposited easily.
- Such an arrangement according to the invention is particularly suitable Device for the combustion of household and Industrial waste.
- Figures 1 to 3 are the three known types of Grate combustion systems shown schematically. Basically all of these systems have a feed device 1 with which the fuel 2 in the furnace is introduced. The plants usually have one Firing grate 3 and a burnout grate 4. The Fuel 2 is thereby by devices on the grate 3 and 4 itself in the direction of the slag opening 5 transported. For example, known ones for this movable gratings such as roller gratings, push-back gratings, Counter slide grates or counter slide grids used. The Afterburner 6 is in countercurrent firing, as in 1, right at the beginning of the combustion chamber 7 arranged. This leads to the smoke gases being counter to the Direction of movement of the fuel 2 only partially over this be managed.
- a feed device 1 with which the fuel 2 in the furnace is introduced.
- the plants usually have one Firing grate 3 and a burnout grate 4.
- the Fuel 2 is thereby by devices on the grate 3 and 4 itself in the direction of the slag opening 5 transported.
- the direct current firing according to FIG. 3 also brings no significant improvement in this regard.
- the afterburner 6 a little further in Material flow direction arranged shifted, here in essentially only the combustion chamber 7 'above the actual one Combustion zone in the combustion chamber protruding edge 8 is easily completed.
- Burnout rust 4 is not or only here slightly from the hot flue gases of the combustion zone affects.
- combustion chamber 7 as for example in longitudinal section in FIG shown to the desired result.
- combustion chamber 7 is formed behind the burnout grate 4, and in this area is preferably also narrowed the hot flue gases over the combustion residues 2 ' guided.
- the narrowing causes an additional one Heating these combustion residues, among other things by additional heat radiation from the combustion chamber walls, with which that required for the melting of these residues 2 ' Temperature can only be reached.
- the combustion chamber is preferably in the direction of the flue gas flow provided with swirling edges 9, which to a Swirl the flue gases. This vortex leads also to a better, i.e. homogeneous high Flue gas temperature, which reaches in the afterburning chamber 6 becomes.
- the grids 3, 4 are not too fast due to the great heat worn out or destroyed, and still open additional air supply for the combustion resp. the Melting process can be dispensed with is preferred provided according to the invention, the grids 3, 4 through cooling channels to cool in the grates themselves.
- the cooling can be done by gaseous or liquid coolants.
- the coolant and its temperature can on the one hand the destruction or major wear of the grate 3,4 can be prevented and on the other hand also influence the Combustion process taken in the main combustion area become. It is now possible to approximate one constant stoichiometric combustion in this area too which also develops the hottest flue gases. This cannot be done with conventional grate furnaces can be guaranteed because the additional air is also used Cooling of the grids 3.4 is used. This leads to high calorific fuels cause combustion there must be done with excess air to make the grate 3.4 sufficient to cool.
- the inventive arrangement of the combustion chamber the burnout grate 4 actually turns into a melting grate.
- Such a device according to the invention can be universal for the combustion of all fuels are used, with the first area with the Rust combustion in particular also has a very high throughput for solid fuels can be achieved.
- the walls 7 'of the combustion chamber 7 can chilled masonry can be built, as also on figure 4 can be seen.
- the masonry for example Air channels available. Cooling air can now flow through these channels be guided and, if necessary, then the combustion chamber 7 are supplied as combustion air. This is Particularly advantageous if a fuel 2 is used low calorific value must be burned, at which a Heat loss through the combustion chamber walls 7 'can be prevented should, so that the melting of the slag is promoted.
- the temperature of the walls 7 ' i.e. of the masonry preferably by an appropriately regulated or controlled supply of cooling air within a predetermined value held.
- This temperature value should according to the invention just below the melting temperature of the the walls for the deposit of fly ash or Slag parts are kept.
- fuel 2 with a high calorific value are with a Device higher temperatures in the combustion chamber 7 than this Slag melting temperature achieved.
- By an appropriate Cooling of the combustion chamber walls will melt the Fly ash resp. Prevents slag. The melted one The masonry would be severely affected by slag pull. Due to the adjustability of this temperature moreover the thickness of the slag layer can be adjusted preferably only a very thin layer of slag sought.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
- Baking, Grill, Roasting (AREA)
Description
Claims (22)
- Vorrichtung für die Verbrennung von festem und/oder pastösem Material (2), welche eine Materialzuführung (1), einen Feuerungs- und Ausbrandrost (3,4), Mittel für die Zufuhr von Verbrennungsluft auf den Rostbereich, eine über dem Rost angeordnete Brennkammer (7) sowie eine damit verbundene Nachbrennkammer (6) aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Brennkammer (7) geschlossen über dem gesamten Rostbereich (3,4) angeordnet ist und frühestens am von der Materialzuführung (1) entfernten Ende des Rostbereiches (3,4) in die Nachbrennkammer (6) mündet.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Rost (3,4) Transportmittel für die Förderung des Brennmaterials (2) aufweist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Brennkammer (7) vor der Einmündung in die Nachbrennkammer (6) mindestens eine Verwirbelungskante (9), welche gegen den Rostbereich (3,4) gerichtet ist, aufweist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Feuerungsrost (3,4) wenigstens in zwei Bereiche aufgeteilt ist, einen ersten Verbrennungsbereich (3) und einen nachfolgenden Schmelzbereich (4) .
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Brennraum (7) über dem Schmelzbereich (4) einen kleineren Querschnitt, vorzugsweise eine geringere Höhe, aufweist als über dem Verbrennungsbereich (3).
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Rost im Verbrennungsbereich (3) wenigsten 5° aus der Horizontalen gegen die Nachbrennkammer (6) hin geneigt ist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Rost (4) im Schmelzbereich wenigstens 5°, vorzugsweise 25°, aus der Horizontalen gegen die Nachbrennkammer (6) hin geneigt ist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Rost zwischen dem Verbrennungsbereich (3) und dem Schmelzbereich (4) eine Stufe (10) aufweist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Rost im Schmelzbereich (4) stärker aus der Horizontalen geneigt ist als der Rost im Verbrennungsbereich (3).
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Rost im Schmelzbereich (4) im Querschnitt konkav ausgebildet ist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass wenigstens ein Teil des Rostes (3,4) Kühlkanäle für die Aufnahme von Kühlmittel aufweist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zusätzlich zur primären Materialzuführung (1) wenigstens eine weitere Materialzuführung vorgesehen ist, welche innerhalb des Rostbereiches (3,4) angeordnet ist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass wenigstens eine zusätzliche Materialzuführung zwischen dem Verbrennungs- (3) und dem Schmelzbereich (4) vorgesehen ist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in der Nachbrennkammer (6) Einblasdüsen (11) für die Zuführung von Sekundärluft und/oder rezykliertem Rauchgas angeordnet sind, welche vor ihren Austrittsöffnungen Platten (12), vorzugsweise aus keramischem Werkstoff, aufweisen.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nach dem Feuerungs- (3) und Ausbrandrost (4) ein Drehrohr (13) vorgesehen ist, und dass die Nachbrennkammer (6) erst nach diesem Drehrohr (13) angeordnet ist, wobei die Austrittsöffnung der Brennkammer (7) derart angeordnet ist, dass die darin erzeugten Rauchgase vollständig durch das Drehrohr (13) geführt werden, bevor sie in die Brennkammer (7) gelangen.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Mittel (14) zum Einbringen von flüssigem Brennstoff durch die Brennkammer (7) in das Drehrohr (13) vorgesehen sind.
- Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dassBrennmaterial (2) mittels einer Zuführungseinrichtung (1) auf den Anfang des Rostes (3) gebracht wird,dass das Brennmaterial (2) mittels beweglicher Teile des Rostes (3,4) von der Zuführungseinrichtung (1) weg durch den Brennraum (7) transportiert wird,wobei durch Zuführung von Zusatzluft wenigstens im ersten Rostbereich (3) eine annähernd stöchiometrische Verbrennung erzielt wird,dass das Rauchgas in der Brennkammer (7) über den Rostbereich (3,4) bis an sein Ende und erst danach zur Nachbrennkammer (6) geführt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im hinteren Rostbereich (4) hochkalorischer Brennstoff, vorzugsweise staubförmig, flüssig oder granulatförmig auf die Verbrennungsrückstände zugeführt werden, um den Schmelzvorgang in diesem Bereich (4) zu unterstützen.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 17 oder 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Flugasche auf die im hinteren Rostbereich (4) befindlichen Verbrennungsrückstände (2') zugegeben werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 17 bis 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Brennraumwände (7') auf eine vorbestimmte Temperatur gekühlt werden und die Kühlluft nach Durchströmen der Brennraumwände (7') als Verbrennungsluft in den Brennraum (7) geführt werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 17 bis 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Brennraumwände (7') durch gesteuerte oder geregelte Zuführung von Kühlluft auf einer Temperatur gehalten werden, welche nur geringfügig kleiner, vorzugsweise höchstens 50°, ist als die Schmelztemperatur des an den Brennraumwänden zur Ablage gelangenden Flugasche- oder Schlackenmaterials.
- Verwendung einer Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 16 für die Verbrennung von Haushalt- und Gewerbeabfällen und Schmelzen der Verbrennungsrückstände.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH89795 | 1995-03-30 | ||
CH89795 | 1995-03-30 | ||
CH897/95 | 1995-03-30 | ||
PCT/CH1996/000093 WO1996030701A1 (de) | 1995-03-30 | 1996-03-12 | Verbrennungsanlage |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0815394A1 EP0815394A1 (de) | 1998-01-07 |
EP0815394B1 true EP0815394B1 (de) | 1999-09-15 |
EP0815394B2 EP0815394B2 (de) | 2002-04-17 |
Family
ID=4197730
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96905650A Expired - Lifetime EP0815394B2 (de) | 1995-03-30 | 1996-03-12 | Verbrennungsanlage |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0815394B2 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH11502603A (de) |
KR (1) | KR19980703333A (de) |
AT (1) | ATE184693T1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE59603073D1 (de) |
DK (1) | DK0815394T3 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2137672T3 (de) |
GR (1) | GR3031827T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1996030701A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT411705B (de) * | 2001-06-01 | 2004-04-26 | Bios Bioenergiesysteme Gmbh | Anlage und verfahren zur verfeuerung von biomasse |
KR20020092318A (ko) * | 2002-11-14 | 2002-12-11 | 김기경 | 고정식 수냉 화격자 소각로 |
CN101922719A (zh) * | 2010-08-27 | 2010-12-22 | 江苏太湖锅炉股份有限公司 | 生物质锅炉的组合炉排结构 |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1348314A (fr) * | 1963-02-25 | 1964-01-04 | Forni Ed Impianti Ind Ingg De Bartolomeis Spa | Perfectionnement apporté aux fours à grilles pour l'incinération des ordures ménagères |
US3745941A (en) * | 1971-12-03 | 1973-07-17 | B Reilly | Slagging refuse incinerators |
DK168245B1 (da) * | 1990-07-03 | 1994-02-28 | Lund Milj Teknik A S V | Fremgangsmåde og anlæg til forbrænding af fast og eventuelt flydende affald af forskellig art |
DE4219231C1 (de) * | 1992-06-12 | 1993-10-21 | Babcock Anlagen Gmbh | Verfahren zur Verbrennung von Abfall und Abfallverbrennungsanlage |
-
1996
- 1996-03-12 AT AT96905650T patent/ATE184693T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-03-12 WO PCT/CH1996/000093 patent/WO1996030701A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-03-12 DE DE59603073T patent/DE59603073D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-03-12 KR KR1019970706738A patent/KR19980703333A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-03-12 EP EP96905650A patent/EP0815394B2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-03-12 JP JP8528742A patent/JPH11502603A/ja active Pending
- 1996-03-12 DK DK96905650T patent/DK0815394T3/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-03-12 ES ES96905650T patent/ES2137672T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1999
- 1999-11-11 GR GR990402917T patent/GR3031827T3/el unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2137672T3 (es) | 1999-12-16 |
GR3031827T3 (en) | 2000-02-29 |
EP0815394B2 (de) | 2002-04-17 |
KR19980703333A (ko) | 1998-10-15 |
ATE184693T1 (de) | 1999-10-15 |
JPH11502603A (ja) | 1999-03-02 |
DK0815394T3 (da) | 2000-04-03 |
WO1996030701A1 (de) | 1996-10-03 |
DE59603073D1 (de) | 1999-10-21 |
EP0815394A1 (de) | 1998-01-07 |
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