EP0815394B2 - Systeme d'incineration - Google Patents

Systeme d'incineration Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0815394B2
EP0815394B2 EP96905650A EP96905650A EP0815394B2 EP 0815394 B2 EP0815394 B2 EP 0815394B2 EP 96905650 A EP96905650 A EP 96905650A EP 96905650 A EP96905650 A EP 96905650A EP 0815394 B2 EP0815394 B2 EP 0815394B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grate
combustion
zone
combustion chamber
smelting
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP96905650A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0815394B1 (fr
EP0815394A1 (fr
Inventor
Theodor Koch
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of EP0815394B1 publication Critical patent/EP0815394B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/085—High-temperature heating means, e.g. plasma, for partly melting the waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/08—Cooling thereof; Tube walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2202/00—Combustion
    • F23G2202/10—Combustion in two or more stages
    • F23G2202/104—Combustion in two or more stages with ash melting stage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
    • F23G2203/101—Furnace arrangements with stepped or inclined grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
    • F23G2206/10—Waste heat recuperation reintroducing the heat in the same process, e.g. for predrying
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/30—Solid combustion residues, e.g. bottom or flyash

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device according to the preamble of claim 1 and a Method for operating such a device.
  • Firing systems can actually differentiate into two categories.
  • the first category are the so-called Grate firing systems. Such are suitable for fixed Fuels such as household waste, industrial waste, Coal etc. These fuels are made on a Rust burned.
  • a first phase the fuel dried and degassed. Some of this is already happening in the feed zone of the plant. This process is caused by the radiation from the combustion chamber and triggered by adding preheated air. Likewise the fuel is also ignited here its surface due to the flame radiation from the combustion chamber. The main combustion now takes place in a second phase instead, taking the dried fuel fully ignites (not only on the surface). In this Phase is now more air than in the first phase fed.
  • solid Carbon instead of gaseous products which through the firebox into the afterburner respectively get the flue gas exhaust.
  • the fuel is supplied Air volume controlled or customized. This adjustment there are limits, however, because the additional feed Air also serves to cool the grate and usually with high-calorific fuel Excess air for precisely these reasons has to be worked.
  • the final phase then takes place the remaining combustion takes place. Not yet completely burned out fuel, i.e. the combustion residue, for example pressed paper, coarse substances and remaining solid carbon here for combustion resp. to burn out. Because here as little heat loss as possible should occur the residual combustion is carried out as completely as possible only one should be appropriate here small amount of air can be supplied (due to the risk of cooling of the combustion residue).
  • the phases shown here are in the Usually also locally separated in the incineration plant made, conventionally, for example a moving grate, which slowly runs out of fuel transported forward in the combustion chamber. ever the transitions of the phases depend on the type of fuel flowing or not recognizable at all, in particular at high fuel calorific values.
  • incinerators include the melting process, such as rotary tube or Melting chambers.
  • the rotary tube systems are especially for the combustion of chemical Solid, pasty or liquid waste suitable. These last two types of waste cannot be used in grate firing systems as they are not stored on the conventional grate or can be transported.
  • In the melting process become those from the combustion process remaining residues melted. This happens through heat exchange between the residues and the hot smoke gases from the combustion process in the rotary tube or the melting chamber.
  • the afterwards remaining slag is usually one water-cooled detoxifier fed and solidified there to a glazed granulate, which due to easily deposit its water insolubility leaves.
  • Residues from incinerators of the first category are melted, although one very high energy intake is necessary as these residues be brought in cold and first must be heated.
  • Such systems are suitable due to their low throughput bad for burning big ones Amounts of fuel, such as house and / or commercial waste. It can also be added combustion air supplied poorly through such Press garbage, which has the consequence that they melt required combustion temperatures not always or cannot be reliably reached.
  • the object of the present invention was now in providing an incinerator which with a high throughput too solid and / or pasty fuels can burn and can melt the combustion residue.
  • the afterburner can now on a grate incinerator on the last one Rust area, in conventional systems the burnout area, sufficiently high temperatures reached to the combustion residues here too melt. This ensures that the remaining Residue as a liquid and / or pasty slag is obtained, which is cooled, for example, in a water bath can be, as in rotary kiln melting is known.
  • a cooled slag contains now residual heavy metal residues in water-insoluble, glazed form and has only a very slight Proportion of combustible residual material. such Slags can now be deposited easily.
  • Such an arrangement according to the invention is particularly suitable Device for the combustion of Household and commercial waste.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 Types of grate combustion systems shown schematically. Basically, all of these systems have a feed device 1 with which the fuel 2 is brought into the furnace. The facilities usually have a grate 3 and one Burnout grate 4 on. The fuel 2 is thereby through devices on grate 3 and 4 itself in the direction the slag fall opening 5 transported.
  • known movable grates such as roller grates, Slide-back grids, counter-slide grids or counter-slide grids used.
  • the afterburning chamber 6 is in countercurrent firing, as shown in Figure 1, arranged right at the beginning of the combustion chamber 7. This causes the flue gases to move against the direction of movement of the fuel 2 only partially over this be managed.
  • the direct current firing according to FIG. 3 brings no significant improvement in this regard.
  • the afterburning chamber 6 is still a little bit further shifted in the material flow direction, here essentially only the combustion chamber 7 ' the actual combustion zone by means of a Edge 8 protruding combustion chamber easily completed becomes.
  • the burnout grate 4, however, is also here not or only slightly from the hot smoke gases affects the combustion zone.
  • the arrangement according to the invention now leads here the combustion chamber 7, as for example in FIG. 4 shown in longitudinal section to the desired result.
  • the combustion chamber 7 to behind the burnout grate 4 is formed, and preferably in this area is also narrowed, the hot flue gases passed over the combustion residues 2 '.
  • the narrowing causes an additional heating of this Combustion residues, among others through additional heat radiation from the combustion chamber walls, with which for the melting of these residues 2 'required temperature can only be reached.
  • the combustion chamber is preferably in Direction of flue gas flow with swirling edges 9 provided, which leads to a swirling of the flue gases to lead. This swirling also leads to a better, i.e. homogeneous high flue gas temperature, which is reached in the afterburning chamber 6.
  • additional high-calorie fuel for example Coal dust
  • This can preferably via feed openings, which are in a Level 10 between the grate 3 and the Burnout grate 4 are arranged.
  • This will add heat further increased. So that in the combustion residues 2 'residual fuel still contained (Combustible material, carbon) at only a low or even lack of additional air supply, which from are fed through the burnout grate 4 below can be gasified and oxidized.
  • Such an additional Air supply would the combustion residues 2 ' remove heat again, which is why this is actually undesirable is.
  • this burnout grate 4 is preferably inclined, preferably about 20 ° from the horizontal, and preferably also concave in cross section. In order to the slag flows in the middle of the burnout grate 4 against the slag fall opening 5.
  • the melting process can be dispensed with is preferably provided according to the invention, the grids 3, 4 through cooling channels in the grates themselves cool.
  • the cooling can be gaseous or liquid coolant.
  • the burnout grate 4 Due to the arrangement of the Combustion chamber, the burnout grate 4 actually becomes Melting rust.
  • the advantage of the molten slag is, as already explained above, in the practically complete Burnout of the material, the destruction of toxic substances such as dioxin and furans, immobilization of pollutants such as heavy metal as well as the Reduction of the specific volume of combustion residues even compared to a burnout.
  • Injection nozzles 11 are provided for blowing in flue gas. These nozzles face in front of their nozzle openings Plates 12, preferably made of ceramic material on. A swirl is created by these plates 12 of the blown fumes, resulting in a good one Gas burnout and self-cleaning of the nozzles 11 leads. Without such swirling, the nozzles would in a short time due to the soot particles contained in the flue gas clog. In the further course, as usual, the gas burnout and the required oxygen content ensure secondary air through the nozzles 11 ' added.
  • Such an inventive Device can be used universally for the combustion of all Fuels are used, being by the first The area with the rust combustion has a very high throughput achieved especially for solid fuels can be.
  • the walls 7 'of the combustion chamber 7 be made of chilled masonry, as can also be seen in FIG. 4.
  • Cooling air can now be passed through these channels and optionally the combustion chamber 7 be supplied as combustion air. This is particularly so then advantageous if a fuel 2 with low calorific value must be burned, at which heat loss through the combustion chamber walls 7 ' should be prevented so that the melting of the Slag is favored.
  • the temperature of the walls 7 ' i.e. the masonry
  • the temperature value should be just below the Melting temperature of the on the walls for deposition arriving fly ash resp. Slag parts kept become.
  • higher temperatures in the combustion chamber 7 than this Slag melting temperature achieved.
  • a melting of the fly ash resp. Prevents slag.
  • the melted slag would make the masonry very badly affected. Due to the adjustability this temperature can also affect the thickness the slag layer can be adjusted, preferably only a very thin layer of slag is aimed for.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
  • Baking, Grill, Roasting (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)

Claims (21)

  1. Dispositif pour la combustion d'une matière solide et/ou pâteuse (2) qui comprend une arrivée de matière (1), une grille de chauffage et d'incinération (3,4), des moyens pur l'arrivée d'air comburant à la région de la grille, une chambre de combustion (7) disposée au-dessus de la grille, ainsi qu'une chambre de post-combustion (6) reliée à celle-ci, caractérisé en ce que la chambre de combustion (7) est fermée et disposée sur la totalité de la région (3,4) de la grille et débouche dans la chambre de post-combustion (6) en aval de l'extrémité de la région (3,4) de la grille qui est éloignée de l'arrivée de matière (1), par lequel la grille de chauffage et d'incinération (3,4) est divisée en au moins deux régions, une première région de combustion (3) et une région de fusion (4), qui y fait suite.
  2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la grille (3,4) comprend des moyens de transport pour transporter la matière à brûler (2).
  3. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 2, caractérisé en ce que la chambre de combustion (7) présente, avant le débouché dans la chambre de post-combustion (6) au moins une arête de turbulence (9) qui est dirigée vers la région (3,4) de la grille.
  4. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'au-dessus de la région de fusion (4), la chambre de combustion (7) présente une plus petite section, de préférence une plus petite hauteur, qu'au-dessus de la région de combustion (3).
  5. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que, dans la région de combustion (3), la grille est inclinée d'au moins 5° sur l'horizontale en direction de la chambre de post-combustion (6).
  6. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que, dans la région de fusion, la grille (4) est inclinée d'au moins 5°, de préférence de 25°, sur l'horizontale en direction de la chambre de post-combustion (6).
  7. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la grille présente un gradin (10) entre la région de combustion (3) et la région de fusion (4).
  8. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que la grille est plus fortement inclinée sur l'horizontale dans la région de fusion (4) que dans la région de combustion (3).
  9. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que la grille est située dans la région de fusion (4) est de configuration concave en section transversale.
  10. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une partie de la grille (3,4) présente des canaux de refroidissement pour recevoir un fluide de refroidissement.
  11. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce qu'en supplément de l'arrivée de matière primaire (1), il est prévue au moins une autre arrivée de matière qui est disposée à l'intérieur de la région (3,4) de la grille.
  12. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une arrivée de matière supplémentaire est prévue entre la région de combustion (3) et la région de fusion (4).
  13. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu, dans la chambre de post-combustion (6), des buses de soufflage (11) pour l'arrivée d'air secondaire et/ou de gaz de fumée recyclé, qui présentent des plaques (12) , de préférence faites d'une matière céramique, devant leurs ouvertures de sortie.
  14. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce qu'un tube rotatif (13) est prévu en aval de la grille de chauffage (3) et de la grille d'incinération (4) et en ce que la chambre de post-combustion (6) est disposée seulement en aval de ce tube rotatif (13), l'ouverture de sortie de la chambre de combustion (7) étant disposée de telle sorte que les gaz de fumée qui y sont produits passent entièrement dans le tube rotatif (13) avant de parvenir dans la chambre de combustion (7).
  15. Dispositif selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que des moyens (14) sont prévus pour introduire un combustible liquide dans le tube rotatif (13) à travers la chambre de combustion (7).
  16. Procédé pour l'exploitation d'un dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 15, caractérisé en ce que :
    une matière combustible (2) est transportée sur le début de la grille (3) à l'aide d'un dispositif d'arrivée (1),
    la matière combustible (2) est transportée, en partant du dispositif d'arrivée (1), à travers l'espace de combustion (7), à l'aide d'éléments mobiles de la grille (3,4),
    on obtient une combustion presque stoechiométrique au moins dans la première région (3) de la grille par une arrivée d'air additionnel,
    dans la chambre de combustion (7), le gaz de fumée passe au-dessus de la région (3,4) de la grille jusqu'à son extrémité et il est seulement après envoyé à la chambre de post-combustion (6).
  17. Procédé selon la revendication 16, caractérisé en ce que, dans la région aval (4) de la grille, un combustible à haute valeur calorique, de préférence pulvérulent, liquide ou granulaire, est acheminé sur les résidus de combustion pour favoriser le processus de combustion dans cette région (4).
  18. Procédé selon la revendication 16 ou 17, caractérisé en ce que des cendres volantes sont ajoutées sur les résidus de combustion (2') qui se trouvent dans la région aval (4) de la grille.
  19. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 16 à 18, caractérisé en ce que les parois (7') de l'espace de combustion sont refroidies è une température prédéterminée et, après avoir parcouru les parois (7') de L'espace de combustion, l'air de refroidissement est amené comme air comburant dans l'espace de combustion.
  20. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 16 à 19, caractérisé en ce que les parois (7') de l'espace de combustion sont maintenue, par l'arrivée commandée ou réglée d'air de refroidissement, à une température qui n'est que légèrement inférieure, de préférence de 50° au plus, à la température de fusion de la matière de cendres volantes ou de scories qui se dépose sur les parois de l'espace de combustion.
  21. Utilisation d'un dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 15, pour la combustion de déchets ménagers et industriels et pour la fusion des résidus de combustion.
EP96905650A 1995-03-30 1996-03-12 Systeme d'incineration Expired - Lifetime EP0815394B2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH897/95 1995-03-30
CH89795 1995-03-30
CH89795 1995-03-30
PCT/CH1996/000093 WO1996030701A1 (fr) 1995-03-30 1996-03-12 Systeme d'incineration

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0815394A1 EP0815394A1 (fr) 1998-01-07
EP0815394B1 EP0815394B1 (fr) 1999-09-15
EP0815394B2 true EP0815394B2 (fr) 2002-04-17

Family

ID=4197730

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96905650A Expired - Lifetime EP0815394B2 (fr) 1995-03-30 1996-03-12 Systeme d'incineration

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0815394B2 (fr)
JP (1) JPH11502603A (fr)
KR (1) KR19980703333A (fr)
AT (1) ATE184693T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE59603073D1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0815394T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2137672T3 (fr)
GR (1) GR3031827T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO1996030701A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT411705B (de) * 2001-06-01 2004-04-26 Bios Bioenergiesysteme Gmbh Anlage und verfahren zur verfeuerung von biomasse
KR20020092318A (ko) * 2002-11-14 2002-12-11 김기경 고정식 수냉 화격자 소각로
CN101922719A (zh) * 2010-08-27 2010-12-22 江苏太湖锅炉股份有限公司 生物质锅炉的组合炉排结构

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1348314A (fr) * 1963-02-25 1964-01-04 Forni Ed Impianti Ind Ingg De Bartolomeis Spa Perfectionnement apporté aux fours à grilles pour l'incinération des ordures ménagères
US3745941A (en) * 1971-12-03 1973-07-17 B Reilly Slagging refuse incinerators
DK168245B1 (da) * 1990-07-03 1994-02-28 Lund Milj Teknik A S V Fremgangsmåde og anlæg til forbrænding af fast og eventuelt flydende affald af forskellig art
DE4219231C1 (de) * 1992-06-12 1993-10-21 Babcock Anlagen Gmbh Verfahren zur Verbrennung von Abfall und Abfallverbrennungsanlage

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR19980703333A (ko) 1998-10-15
EP0815394B1 (fr) 1999-09-15
JPH11502603A (ja) 1999-03-02
WO1996030701A1 (fr) 1996-10-03
DE59603073D1 (de) 1999-10-21
EP0815394A1 (fr) 1998-01-07
DK0815394T3 (da) 2000-04-03
ATE184693T1 (de) 1999-10-15
GR3031827T3 (en) 2000-02-29
ES2137672T3 (es) 1999-12-16

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