EP0815394B2 - Combustion plant - Google Patents
Combustion plant Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0815394B2 EP0815394B2 EP96905650A EP96905650A EP0815394B2 EP 0815394 B2 EP0815394 B2 EP 0815394B2 EP 96905650 A EP96905650 A EP 96905650A EP 96905650 A EP96905650 A EP 96905650A EP 0815394 B2 EP0815394 B2 EP 0815394B2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- grate
- combustion
- zone
- combustion chamber
- smelting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
- F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
- F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
- F23G5/085—High-temperature heating means, e.g. plasma, for partly melting the waste
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
- F23M5/08—Cooling thereof; Tube walls
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2202/00—Combustion
- F23G2202/10—Combustion in two or more stages
- F23G2202/104—Combustion in two or more stages with ash melting stage
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
- F23G2203/101—Furnace arrangements with stepped or inclined grate
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
- F23G2206/10—Waste heat recuperation reintroducing the heat in the same process, e.g. for predrying
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2209/00—Specific waste
- F23G2209/30—Solid combustion residues, e.g. bottom or flyash
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device according to the preamble of claim 1 and a Method for operating such a device.
- Firing systems can actually differentiate into two categories.
- the first category are the so-called Grate firing systems. Such are suitable for fixed Fuels such as household waste, industrial waste, Coal etc. These fuels are made on a Rust burned.
- a first phase the fuel dried and degassed. Some of this is already happening in the feed zone of the plant. This process is caused by the radiation from the combustion chamber and triggered by adding preheated air. Likewise the fuel is also ignited here its surface due to the flame radiation from the combustion chamber. The main combustion now takes place in a second phase instead, taking the dried fuel fully ignites (not only on the surface). In this Phase is now more air than in the first phase fed.
- solid Carbon instead of gaseous products which through the firebox into the afterburner respectively get the flue gas exhaust.
- the fuel is supplied Air volume controlled or customized. This adjustment there are limits, however, because the additional feed Air also serves to cool the grate and usually with high-calorific fuel Excess air for precisely these reasons has to be worked.
- the final phase then takes place the remaining combustion takes place. Not yet completely burned out fuel, i.e. the combustion residue, for example pressed paper, coarse substances and remaining solid carbon here for combustion resp. to burn out. Because here as little heat loss as possible should occur the residual combustion is carried out as completely as possible only one should be appropriate here small amount of air can be supplied (due to the risk of cooling of the combustion residue).
- the phases shown here are in the Usually also locally separated in the incineration plant made, conventionally, for example a moving grate, which slowly runs out of fuel transported forward in the combustion chamber. ever the transitions of the phases depend on the type of fuel flowing or not recognizable at all, in particular at high fuel calorific values.
- incinerators include the melting process, such as rotary tube or Melting chambers.
- the rotary tube systems are especially for the combustion of chemical Solid, pasty or liquid waste suitable. These last two types of waste cannot be used in grate firing systems as they are not stored on the conventional grate or can be transported.
- In the melting process become those from the combustion process remaining residues melted. This happens through heat exchange between the residues and the hot smoke gases from the combustion process in the rotary tube or the melting chamber.
- the afterwards remaining slag is usually one water-cooled detoxifier fed and solidified there to a glazed granulate, which due to easily deposit its water insolubility leaves.
- Residues from incinerators of the first category are melted, although one very high energy intake is necessary as these residues be brought in cold and first must be heated.
- Such systems are suitable due to their low throughput bad for burning big ones Amounts of fuel, such as house and / or commercial waste. It can also be added combustion air supplied poorly through such Press garbage, which has the consequence that they melt required combustion temperatures not always or cannot be reliably reached.
- the object of the present invention was now in providing an incinerator which with a high throughput too solid and / or pasty fuels can burn and can melt the combustion residue.
- the afterburner can now on a grate incinerator on the last one Rust area, in conventional systems the burnout area, sufficiently high temperatures reached to the combustion residues here too melt. This ensures that the remaining Residue as a liquid and / or pasty slag is obtained, which is cooled, for example, in a water bath can be, as in rotary kiln melting is known.
- a cooled slag contains now residual heavy metal residues in water-insoluble, glazed form and has only a very slight Proportion of combustible residual material. such Slags can now be deposited easily.
- Such an arrangement according to the invention is particularly suitable Device for the combustion of Household and commercial waste.
- FIGS. 1 to 3 Types of grate combustion systems shown schematically. Basically, all of these systems have a feed device 1 with which the fuel 2 is brought into the furnace. The facilities usually have a grate 3 and one Burnout grate 4 on. The fuel 2 is thereby through devices on grate 3 and 4 itself in the direction the slag fall opening 5 transported.
- known movable grates such as roller grates, Slide-back grids, counter-slide grids or counter-slide grids used.
- the afterburning chamber 6 is in countercurrent firing, as shown in Figure 1, arranged right at the beginning of the combustion chamber 7. This causes the flue gases to move against the direction of movement of the fuel 2 only partially over this be managed.
- the direct current firing according to FIG. 3 brings no significant improvement in this regard.
- the afterburning chamber 6 is still a little bit further shifted in the material flow direction, here essentially only the combustion chamber 7 ' the actual combustion zone by means of a Edge 8 protruding combustion chamber easily completed becomes.
- the burnout grate 4, however, is also here not or only slightly from the hot smoke gases affects the combustion zone.
- the arrangement according to the invention now leads here the combustion chamber 7, as for example in FIG. 4 shown in longitudinal section to the desired result.
- the combustion chamber 7 to behind the burnout grate 4 is formed, and preferably in this area is also narrowed, the hot flue gases passed over the combustion residues 2 '.
- the narrowing causes an additional heating of this Combustion residues, among others through additional heat radiation from the combustion chamber walls, with which for the melting of these residues 2 'required temperature can only be reached.
- the combustion chamber is preferably in Direction of flue gas flow with swirling edges 9 provided, which leads to a swirling of the flue gases to lead. This swirling also leads to a better, i.e. homogeneous high flue gas temperature, which is reached in the afterburning chamber 6.
- additional high-calorie fuel for example Coal dust
- This can preferably via feed openings, which are in a Level 10 between the grate 3 and the Burnout grate 4 are arranged.
- This will add heat further increased. So that in the combustion residues 2 'residual fuel still contained (Combustible material, carbon) at only a low or even lack of additional air supply, which from are fed through the burnout grate 4 below can be gasified and oxidized.
- Such an additional Air supply would the combustion residues 2 ' remove heat again, which is why this is actually undesirable is.
- this burnout grate 4 is preferably inclined, preferably about 20 ° from the horizontal, and preferably also concave in cross section. In order to the slag flows in the middle of the burnout grate 4 against the slag fall opening 5.
- the melting process can be dispensed with is preferably provided according to the invention, the grids 3, 4 through cooling channels in the grates themselves cool.
- the cooling can be gaseous or liquid coolant.
- the burnout grate 4 Due to the arrangement of the Combustion chamber, the burnout grate 4 actually becomes Melting rust.
- the advantage of the molten slag is, as already explained above, in the practically complete Burnout of the material, the destruction of toxic substances such as dioxin and furans, immobilization of pollutants such as heavy metal as well as the Reduction of the specific volume of combustion residues even compared to a burnout.
- Injection nozzles 11 are provided for blowing in flue gas. These nozzles face in front of their nozzle openings Plates 12, preferably made of ceramic material on. A swirl is created by these plates 12 of the blown fumes, resulting in a good one Gas burnout and self-cleaning of the nozzles 11 leads. Without such swirling, the nozzles would in a short time due to the soot particles contained in the flue gas clog. In the further course, as usual, the gas burnout and the required oxygen content ensure secondary air through the nozzles 11 ' added.
- Such an inventive Device can be used universally for the combustion of all Fuels are used, being by the first The area with the rust combustion has a very high throughput achieved especially for solid fuels can be.
- the walls 7 'of the combustion chamber 7 be made of chilled masonry, as can also be seen in FIG. 4.
- Cooling air can now be passed through these channels and optionally the combustion chamber 7 be supplied as combustion air. This is particularly so then advantageous if a fuel 2 with low calorific value must be burned, at which heat loss through the combustion chamber walls 7 ' should be prevented so that the melting of the Slag is favored.
- the temperature of the walls 7 ' i.e. the masonry
- the temperature value should be just below the Melting temperature of the on the walls for deposition arriving fly ash resp. Slag parts kept become.
- higher temperatures in the combustion chamber 7 than this Slag melting temperature achieved.
- a melting of the fly ash resp. Prevents slag.
- the melted slag would make the masonry very badly affected. Due to the adjustability this temperature can also affect the thickness the slag layer can be adjusted, preferably only a very thin layer of slag is aimed for.
Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung
nach dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1 sowie ein
Verfahren zum Betreiben einer solchen Vorrichtung.The present invention relates to a device
according to the preamble of
Bekannte derartige Vorrichtungen, d.h. Verbrennungs- resp. Feuerungsanlagen lassen sich eigentlich in zwei Kategorien unterscheiden.Known such devices, i.e. incineration respectively. Firing systems can actually differentiate into two categories.
Die erste Kategorie stellen die sogenannten Rost-Feuerungsanlagen dar. Solche eignen sich für feste Brennstoffe, wie beispielsweise Hausmüll, Industriemüll, Kohle etc. Diese Brennstoffe werden auf einem Rost verbrannt. In einer ersten Phase wird der Brennstoff getrocknet und entgast. Dies erfolgt teilweise bereits in der Beschickungszone der Anlage. Dieser Vorgang wird durch die Strahlung des Feuerraumes und durch Zugabe von vorgewärmter Luft ausgelöst. Ebenfalls erfolgt hier auch die Zündung des Brennstoffes an seiner Oberfläche infolge der Flammstrahlung des Feuerraumes. In einer zweiten Phase findet nun die Hauptverbrennung statt, wobei der getrocknete Brennstoff vollständig zündet (nicht nur an der Oberfläche). In dieser Phase wird nun mehr Luft als in der ersten Phase zugeführt. Dabei findet hier die Umsetzung von festem Kohlenstoff zu gasförmigen Produkten statt, welche durch den Feuerraum in die Nachbrennkammer resp. den Rauchgasabzug gelangen. In diesem Ofenabschnitt herrschen hohe Temperaturen. Je nach Heizwert des Brennstoffes wird in dieser Phase die Zufuhr der Luftmenge gesteuert resp. angepasst. Dieser Anpassung sind jedoch Grenzen gesetzt, da die zusätzlich zugeführte Luft auch zur Kühlung des Rostes dient und gerade bei hochkalorischem Brennstoff in der Regel mit Luftüberschuss aus eben diesen genannten Gründen gearbeitet werden muss. Als letzte Phase findet anschliessend die Restverbrennung statt. Der noch nicht vollständig ausgebrannte Brennstoff, d.h. der Verbrennungsrückstand, beispielsweise gepresstes Papier, grobe Stoffe und restlicher fester Kohlenstoff, gelangt hier zur Verbrennung resp. zum Ausbrand. Da hier ein möglichst geringer Wärmeverlust auftreten soll, damit die Restverbrennung möglichst vollständig durchgeführt werden kann, sollte hier auch nur eine entsprechend kleine Luftmenge zugeführt werden (wegen Abkühlungsgefahr des Verbrennungsrückstandes).The first category are the so-called Grate firing systems. Such are suitable for fixed Fuels such as household waste, industrial waste, Coal etc. These fuels are made on a Rust burned. In a first phase, the fuel dried and degassed. Some of this is already happening in the feed zone of the plant. This process is caused by the radiation from the combustion chamber and triggered by adding preheated air. Likewise the fuel is also ignited here its surface due to the flame radiation from the combustion chamber. The main combustion now takes place in a second phase instead, taking the dried fuel fully ignites (not only on the surface). In this Phase is now more air than in the first phase fed. Here, the implementation of solid Carbon instead of gaseous products which through the firebox into the afterburner respectively get the flue gas exhaust. In this section of the furnace there are high temperatures. Depending on the calorific value In this phase, the fuel is supplied Air volume controlled or customized. This adjustment there are limits, however, because the additional feed Air also serves to cool the grate and usually with high-calorific fuel Excess air for precisely these reasons has to be worked. The final phase then takes place the remaining combustion takes place. Not yet completely burned out fuel, i.e. the combustion residue, for example pressed paper, coarse substances and remaining solid carbon here for combustion resp. to burn out. Because here as little heat loss as possible should occur the residual combustion is carried out as completely as possible only one should be appropriate here small amount of air can be supplied (due to the risk of cooling of the combustion residue).
Die hier dargestellten Phasen werden in der Regel in der Verbrennungsanlage auch örtlich getrennt vorgenommen, herkömmlicherweise beispielsweise auf einem beweglichen Rost, welcher den Brennstoff langsam in der Brennkammer vorwärts transportiert. Je nach Art des Brennstoffes sind die Übergänge der Phasen fliessend oder gar nicht erkennbar, insbesondere bei hohen Brennstoff-Heizwerten.The phases shown here are in the Usually also locally separated in the incineration plant made, conventionally, for example a moving grate, which slowly runs out of fuel transported forward in the combustion chamber. ever the transitions of the phases depend on the type of fuel flowing or not recognizable at all, in particular at high fuel calorific values.
Der Nachteil dieser ersten Kategorie von Verbrennungsanlagen liegt insbesondere darin, dass die in fester Form anfallenden Verbrennungsrückstände sich aufgrund ihrer Wasserlöslichkeit nicht auf einfache Weise deponieren lassen. Ebenfalls weisen diese Rückstände noch einen verhältnismässig hohen Anteil an unverbranntem Material auf, und die darin enthaltenen Schwermetalle sind nicht immobilisiert. Dies liegt daran, dass in der Ausbrandzone kein Schmelzen des Restbrennstoffes und der Rückstände erfolgt.The disadvantage of this first category of incinerators is in particular that the in solid form of combustion residues not easy due to their water solubility have it deposited. These residues also show still a relatively high proportion of unburned Material on, and the contained therein Heavy metals are not immobilized. This is because that there is no melting of the residual fuel in the burnout zone and the arrears occur.
In die zweite Kategorie von Verbrennungsanlagen gehören die Schmelzverfahren, wie Drehrohroder Schmelzkammern. Insbesondere die Drehrohranlagen sind besonders für die Verbrennung von chemischen Abfällen in fester, pastöser oder flüssiger Form geeignet. Gerade diese beiden letzten Abfallformen können nicht in Rost-Feuerungsanlagen verwendet werden, da sie nicht auf dem herkömmlichen Rost gelagert oder transportiert werden können. Beim Schmelzverfahren werden die aus dem Verbrennungsprozess übrigbleibenden Rückstände geschmolzen. Dies erfolgt durch Wärmeaustausch zwischen den Rückständen und den heissen Rauchgasen aus dem Verbrennungsprozess im Drehrohr oder der Schmelzkammer. Die danach verbleibende Schlacke wird einem in der Regel wassergekühlten Entschlacker zugeführt und erstarrt dort zu einem verglasten Granulat, welches sich aufgrund seiner Wasserunlöslichkeit leicht deponieren lässt. In solchen Anlagen können beispielsweise auch Rückstände von Verbrennungsanlagen der ersten Kategorie geschmolzen werden, wobei allerdings eine sehr hohe Energiezufuhr notwendig ist, da diese Rückstände in kaltem Zusand eingebracht werden und zuerst aufgeheizt werden müssen.In the second category of incinerators include the melting process, such as rotary tube or Melting chambers. In particular the rotary tube systems are especially for the combustion of chemical Solid, pasty or liquid waste suitable. These last two types of waste cannot be used in grate firing systems as they are not stored on the conventional grate or can be transported. In the melting process become those from the combustion process remaining residues melted. this happens through heat exchange between the residues and the hot smoke gases from the combustion process in the rotary tube or the melting chamber. The afterwards remaining slag is usually one water-cooled detoxifier fed and solidified there to a glazed granulate, which due to easily deposit its water insolubility leaves. In such systems, for example Residues from incinerators of the first category are melted, although one very high energy intake is necessary as these residues be brought in cold and first must be heated.
Derartige Anlagen, insbesondere Drehrohranlagen, eignen sich aufgrund ihrer geringen Durchsatzleistung schlecht für die Verbrennung von grossen Brennstoffmengen, wie beispielsweise von Haus- und/ oder Gewerbemüll. Ebenfalls lässt sich die zusätzlich zugeführte Verbrennungsluft schlecht durch solchen Müll pressen, was zur Folge hat, dass die zum Schmelzen erforderlichen Verbrennungstemperaturen nicht immer oder nicht zuverlässig erreicht werden können.Such systems, in particular rotary tube systems, are suitable due to their low throughput bad for burning big ones Amounts of fuel, such as house and / or commercial waste. It can also be added combustion air supplied poorly through such Press garbage, which has the consequence that they melt required combustion temperatures not always or cannot be reliably reached.
Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung bestand nun darin, eine Verbrennungsanlage bereitzustellen, welche bei einer grossen Durchsatzleistung auch feste und/oder pastöse Brennstoffe verbrennen kann und den Verbrennungsrückstand schmelzen kann.The object of the present invention was now in providing an incinerator which with a high throughput too solid and / or pasty fuels can burn and can melt the combustion residue.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss durch
die Kennzeichen nach Anspruch 1 gelöst.According to the invention, this object is achieved by
solved the characteristics of
Durch die erfindungsgemässe Anordnung der Brennkammer resp. der Nachbrennkammer können nun auf einer Rostverbrennungsanlage auf dem letzten Rostbereich, bei herkömmlichen Anlagen dem Ausbrandbereich, genügend hohe Temperaturen erreicht werden, um die Verbrennungsrückstände hier zu schmelzen. Damit wird erreicht, dass der übrigbleibende Rückstand als flüssige und/oder pastöse Schlacke anfällt, welche beispielsweise in einem Wasserbad abgekühlt werden kann, wie dies bei Drehrohr-Schmelzofen bekannt ist. Eine solche abgekühlte Schlacke enthält nun Restschwermetallrückstände in wasserunlöslicher, verglaster Form und weist nur noch einen sehr geringen Anteil an brennbarem Restmaterial auf. Derartige Schlacken können nun problemlos deponiert werden.Due to the arrangement of the Combustion chamber resp. the afterburner can now on a grate incinerator on the last one Rust area, in conventional systems the burnout area, sufficiently high temperatures reached to the combustion residues here too melt. This ensures that the remaining Residue as a liquid and / or pasty slag is obtained, which is cooled, for example, in a water bath can be, as in rotary kiln melting is known. Such a cooled slag contains now residual heavy metal residues in water-insoluble, glazed form and has only a very slight Proportion of combustible residual material. such Slags can now be deposited easily.
Weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der
Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen 2 bis 16
dargelegt.Further preferred embodiments of the
Invention are in
Erfindungsgemäss wird für den Betrieb der Vorrichtung ein Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 17 bis 21 vorgeschlagen.According to the invention for the operation of Device a method according to claims 17 to 21 proposed.
Insbesondere eignet sich eine solche erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung für die Verbrennung von Haushalt- und Gewerbeabfällen.Such an arrangement according to the invention is particularly suitable Device for the combustion of Household and commercial waste.
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden
nachstehend anhand von Zeichnungen noch näher erläutert.
Es zeigen
In den Figuren 1 bis 3 sind die drei bekannten
Typen von Rostfeuerungsanlagen schematisch dargestellt.
Grundsätzlich weisen alle diese Anlagen eine Aufgabevorrichtung
1 auf, mit welcher das Brennmaterial 2
in die Feuerungsanlage eingebracht wird. Die Anlagen
weisen in der Regel einen Feuerungsrost 3 und einen
Ausbrandrost 4 auf. Das Brennmaterial 2 wird dabei
durch Vorrichtungen am Rost 3 und 4 selbst in Richtung
der Schlackenfallöffnung 5 transportiert. Beispielsweise
werden hierfür bekannte bewegliche Roste wie Walzenroste,
Rückschubroste, Gegenschubroste oder Gegenüberschubroste
eingesetzt. Die Nachbrennkammer 6 ist
bei der Gegenstromfeuerung, wie in Figur 1 dargestellt,
gleich am Anfang des Brennraumes 7 angeordnet. Dies
führt dazu, dass die Rauchgase entgegen der Bewegungsrichtung
des Brennmaterials 2 nur teilweise über
dieses geführt werden. Allerdings gelangen die heissesten
Rauchgase aus dem eigentlichen Haupverbrennungsbereich
(durch Pfeile über dem Brennmaterial 2
angedeutet) praktisch direkt in die Nachbrennkammer
6. Dabei wird dem Verbrennungsrückstand 2' auf dem
Ausbrandrost 4 Wärme entzogen. Damit wird kein
Schmelzen des Verbrennungsrückstandes 2' auf dem
Nachbrennrost 4 ermöglicht, und die in die Schlackenfallöffnung
5 gelangenden Rückstände 2' weisen noch
einen relativ hohen Anteil an brennbarem Material auf
und sind überdies noch flüssigkeitslöslich. Derartige Abfälle
können nicht einfach deponiert werden, sondern
sind als Sonderabfälle gesondert zu handhaben; sie
können demnach gegebenenfalls nochmals separat,
beispielsweise in separaten Drehofen, verbrannt werden.The three known ones are shown in FIGS. 1 to 3
Types of grate combustion systems shown schematically.
Basically, all of these systems have a
Dieselbe Problematik tritt auch bei der Mittelstromfeuerung
auf, welche schematisch in Figur 2 dargestellt
ist. Dabei ist die Nachbrennkammer 6 in der Mitte
der Roste 3,4 angeordnet. Auch hier können die
Rückstände 2' auf dem Ausbrandrost 4 nicht geschmolzen
werden.The same problem also occurs with medium-current firing
on, which is shown schematically in Figure 2
is. The
Auch die Gleichstromfeuerung nach Figur 3
bringt diesbezüglich keine wesentliche Verbesserung.
Hier ist zwar die Nachbrennkammer 6 noch ein wenig
weiter in Materialflussrichtung verschoben angeordnet,
wobei hier im wesentlichen nur der Brennraum 7' über
der eigentlichen Verbrennungszone mittels einer in den
Brennraum hineinragenden Kante 8 leicht abgeschlossen
wird. Der Ausbrandrost 4 wird hingegen auch hier
nicht oder nur geringfügig von den heissen Rauchgasen
der Verbrennungszone tangiert.The direct current firing according to FIG. 3
brings no significant improvement in this regard.
Here the
Hier führt nun die erfindungsgemässe Anordnung
der Brennkammer 7, wie beispielsweise in Figur 4
im Längsschnitt dargestellt, zum gewünschten Resultat.
Indem der Brennraum 7 bis hinter den Ausbrandrost 4
ausgebildet wird, und in diesem Bereich vorzugsweise
auch noch verengt wird, werden die heissen Rauchgase
über die Verbrennungsrückstände 2' geführt. Die Verengung
bewirkt noch eine zusätzliche Erwärmung dieser
Verbrennungsrückstände, unter anderem auch
durch zusätzliche Wärmeabstrahlung der Brennraumwände,
womit die für das Schmelzen dieser Rückstände
2' erforderliche Temperatur erst erreicht werden kann.The arrangement according to the invention now leads here
the
Bevorzugterweise ist der Brennraum in
Rauchgasstromrichtung hin mit Verwirbelungskanten 9
versehen, welche zu einer Verwirbelung der Rauchgase
führen. Diese Verwirbelung führt ebenfalls zu einer besseren,
d.h. homogenen hohen Rauchgastemperatur,
welche in der Nachbrennkammer 6 erreicht wird.The combustion chamber is preferably in
Direction of flue gas flow with swirling
Vorzugsweise ist erfindungsgemäss vorgesehen,
zwischen dem Feuerungsrost 3 und dem Ausbrandrost
4 zusätzlich hochkalorischen Brennstoff, beispielsweise
Kohlenstaub, zuzugeben. Dies kann vorzugsweise
über Zuführöffnungen erfolgen, welche in einer
Stufe 10 zwischen dem Feuerungsrost 3 und dem
Ausbrandrost 4 angeordnet sind. Damit wird die Wärmezufuhr
weiter erhöht. Damit kann der in den Verbrennungsrückständen
2' noch enthaltene Restbrennstoff
(Brennbares Material, Kohlenstoff) bei nur geringer oder
gar ausbleibender zusätzlicher Luftzufuhr, welche von
unten durch den Ausbrandrost 4 zugeführt werden
kann, vergast und oxydiert werden. Eine solche zusätzliche
Luftzufuhr würde den Verbrennungsrückständen 2'
wieder Wärme entziehen, weshalb dies eigentlich unerwünscht
ist. Die in Form von flüssiger Schlacke anfallenden
Verbrennungsrückstände gelangen anschliessend
über die Schlackenfallöffnung 5 in einen beispielsweise
wassergefüllten Entschlacker und erstarren zu einem
glasartigen Granulat. Dieses Granulat ist nun wasserunlöslich,
weist praktisch keinen Restbrennstoff
mehr auf und kann daher problemos deponiert werden.According to the invention, it is preferably provided
between the firing
Damit nun die flüssige Schlacke auf dem Ausbrandrost
4 zur Schlackenfallöffnung 5 gelangen kann,
ohne dabei nach unten in den Zuluftbereich zu fallen,
ist dieser Ausbrandrost 4 vorzugsweise geneigt, vorzugsweise
ca. 20° aus der Horizontalen, und vorzugsweise
auch im Querschnitt konkav ausgebildet. Damit
fliesst die Schlacke in der Mitte des Ausbrandrostes 4
gegen die Schlackenfallöffnung 5 hin.So now the liquid slag on the
Damit die Roste 3,4 durch die grosse Wärme
nicht zu schnell verschleissen oder zerstört werden, und
dabei trotzdem auf zusätzliche Luftzufuhr für die Verbrennung
resp. den Schmelzvorgang verzichtet werden
kann, ist vorzugsweise erfindungsgemäss vorgesehen,
die Roste 3,4 durch Kühlkanäle in den Rosten selbst zu
kühlen. Die Kühlung kann dabei durch gasförmige oder
flüssige Kühlmittel erfolgen. Durch die Wahl des Kühlmittels
und auch dessen Temperatur kann einerseits die
Zerstörung oder grosser Verschleiss des Rostes 3,4
verhindert werden und andererseits auch Einfluss auf
den Verbrennungsprozess im Hauptverbrennungsbereich
genommen werden. Damit ist nun auch möglich,
eine angenähert konstante stöchiometrische Verbrennung
in diesem Bereich zu erreichen, welche auch die
heissesten Rauchgase entwickelt. Bei herkömmlichen
Rostfeuerungen kann dies nicht gewährleistet werden,
da die Zusatzluft auch noch zur Kühlung der Roste 3,4
dient. Dies führt gerade bei hochkalorischen Brennstoffen
dazu, dass dort die Verbrennung mit Luftüberschuss
erfolgen muss, um den Rost 3,4 genügend zu kühlen.So that the grates 3.4 due to the great heat
not worn out or destroyed too quickly, and
still on additional air supply for the combustion
respectively. the melting process can be dispensed with
can, is preferably provided according to the invention,
the
Durch die erfindungsgemässe Anordnung der
Brennkammer wird der Ausbrandrost 4 eigentlich zum
Schmelzrost. Der Vorteil der geschmolzenen Schlacke
liegt, wie bereits vorgängig dargelegt, im praktisch vollständigen
Ausbrand des Materials, der Zerstörung von
giftigen Stoffen wie Dioxin und Furanen, der Immobilisierung
von Schadstoffen wie Schwermetall sowie der
Reduktion des spezifischen Volumens der Verbrennungsrückstände
selbst im Vergleich zu einem Ausbrand.Due to the arrangement of the
Combustion chamber, the
Um nun in der Nachbrennkammer 6 den in diesem
Bereich geforderten restlichen Gasausbrand in jedem
Fall zu erreichen, sind weiter erfindungsgemäss
Einblasdüsen 11 für das Einblasen von Rauchgas vorgesehen.
Diese Düsen weisen vor ihren Düsenöffnungen
Platten 12, vorzugsweise aus keramischem Werkstoff
auf. Durch diese Platten 12 wird eine Verwirbelung
der eingeblasenen Rauchgase erzielt, was zu einem guten
Gasausbrand und Selbstreinigung der Düsen 11
führt. Ohne eine solche Verwirbelung würden die Düsen
in kurzer Zeit durch die im Rauchgas enthaltenen Russpartikel
verstopfen. Im weiteren Verlauf wird wie üblich,
um den Gasausbrand und den geforderten Sauersoffgehalt
sicherzustellen, Sekundärluft über die Düsen 11'
zugegeben.To now in the
Damit nun mit dieser Vorrichtung auch noch
flüssige Stoffe verbrannt werden können, ist es erfindungsgemäss
vorgesehen, im Anschluss an den Ausbrandrost
4 noch ein Drehrohr 13 anzuordnen, wie aus
Figur 5 ersichtlich ist. Damit können nun durch entsprechend
angeordnete Speiseöffnungen 14 flüssige
Brennstoffe direkt in dieses Drehrohr 13 eingebracht
und dort verbrannt werden. Der grosse Vorteil dabei ist
darin zu sehen, dass durch die erfindungsgemässe
Führung der heissen Rauchgase aus dem Brennraum
7 über den Ausbrand- resp. Schmelzrost 4 in das Drehrohr
13 in diesem gleich zu Beginn sehr hohe Temperaturen
erreicht werden können. Damit kann auch die Länge
des Drehrohres 13 im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen
Drehrohranlagen viel kürzer ausfallen. Insbesondere
können auch pastöse oder feste Brennstoffe mit einem
sehr kleinen Heizwert kurt vor dem Drehrohr 13 auf den
Schmelzrost 4 aufgebracht werden. Diese werden dann
dort sehr schnell getrocknet und entgast und gelangen
anschliessend bereits sehr heiss in das Drehrohr 13
zum Schmelzen. Eine derartige erfindungsgemässe
Vorrichtung kann universell für die Verbrennung aller
Brennstoffe eingesetzt werden, wobei durch den ersten
Bereich mit der Rostverbrennung ein sehr hoher Durchsatz
insbesondere auch für feste Brennstoffe erzielt
werden kann.So now with this device too
liquid substances can be burned, it is according to the invention
provided, following the
Schliesslich können die Wände 7' des Brennraumes
7 aus gekühltem Mauerwerk aufgebaut sein,
wie ebenfalls auf Figur 4 ersichtlich ist. Dabei sind im
Mauerwerk beispielsweise Luftkanäle vorhanden.
Durch diese Kanäle kann nun Kühlluft geführt werden
und gegebenenfalls anschliessend dem Brennaum 7
als Verbrennungsluft zugeführt werden. Dies ist insbesondere
dann von Vorteil, wenn ein Brennmaterial 2 mit
niedrigem Heizwert verbrannt werden muss, bei welchem
ein Wärmeverlust durch die Brennraumwände 7'
verhindert werden soll, damit das Schmelzen der
Schlacke begünstigt wird.Finally, the walls 7 'of the
Die Temperatur der Wände 7', d.h. des Mauerwerks,
wird vorzugsweise durch eine entsprechend
geregelte oder gesteuerte Zuführung der Kühlluft innerhalb
eines vorbestimmten Wertes gehalten. Dieser
Temperaturwert soll erfindungsgemäss knapp unter der
Schmelztemperatur der an den Wänden zur Ablagerung
gelangenden Flugaschen- resp. Schlackenteile gehalten
werden. Gerade bei Brennmaterial 2 mit hohem
Heizwert werden mit einer erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung
höhere Temperaturen im Brennraum 7 als diese
Schlackenschmelztemperatur erzielt. Durch eine
entsprechende Abkühlung der Brennraumwände wird
ein Schmelzen der Flugasche resp. Schlacke verhindert.
Die geschmolzene Schlacke würde das Mauerwerk
sehr stark in Mitleidenschaft ziehen. Durch die Einstellbarkeit
dieser Temperatur kann überdies die Dicke
der Schlackenschicht eingestellt werden, vorzugsweise
wird eine nur sehr dünne Schlackenschicht angestrebt.The temperature of the walls 7 ', i.e. the masonry,
is preferably by a corresponding
regulated or controlled supply of cooling air within
of a predetermined value. This
According to the invention, the temperature value should be just below the
Melting temperature of the on the walls for deposition
arriving fly ash resp. Slag parts kept
become. Especially with
Claims (21)
- Apparatus fort he combustion of solid and/or pasty material (2), said apparatus having a material feeder (1), a furnace and complete combustion grate (3,4), means for feeding combustion air onto the grate zone, a combustion chamber (7) arranged above the grate, and a secondary combustion chamber (6) associated with said chamber (7), characterised in that the combustion chamber (7) is arranged in a closed manner above the entire grate zone (3,4) an opens out into the secondary combustion chamber (6) only after the end of the grate zone (3,4) that is remote from the material feeder (1), whereby the furnace and complete combustion grate (3,4) is divided into at least two zones, a first combustion zone (3) and following it a smelting zone (4).
- Apparatus according to claim 1, characterised in that the grate (3,4) has transport means for conveying the material for combustion (2).
- Apparatus according to either of claims 1 and 2, characterised in that in front of the mouth which opens out into the secondary combustion chamber (6), the combustion chamber (7) has at least one swirl edge (9) which is directed at the grate zone (3).
- Apparatus according claim 1, characterised in that above the smelting zone (4) the combustion chamber (7) has a smaller cross-section, preferably a lesser height, than above the combustion zone (3).
- Apparatus according claim 1 or 4, characterised in that in the combustion zone (3) the grate slopes by at least 5° from the horizontal towards the secondary combustion chamber (6).
- Apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that in the smelting zone the grate (4) slopes by at least 5°, preferably 25°, from the horizontal towards the secondary combustion chamber.
- Apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that between the combustion zone (3) and the smelting zone (4) the grate has a step (10).
- Apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that in the smelting zone (4) the grate slopes more steeply from the horizontal than does the grate in the combustion zone (4).
- Apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that in the smelting zone (4) the grate has a concave cross-section.
- Apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that at least part of the grate (3,4) has cooling ducts for receiving coolant.
- Apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that in addition to the primary material feeder (1), at least one other material feeder is provided, which is arranged inside the grate zone (3,4).
- Apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that at least one addition material feeder is provided between the combustion zone (3) and the smelting zone (4).
- Apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 12, characterised in that arranged in the secondary combustion chamber (6) are injection jets (11) for supplying secondary air and/or recycled flue gas, which have plates (12), preferably made of ceramic material, before their outlet ports.
- Apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 13, characterised in that after the furnace grate (3) and complete combustion grate (4) there is provided a rotating tube (13), and that the secondary combustion chamber (6) is only arranged after said rotating tube (13), the outlet port of the combustion chamber (7) being disposed in such a way that the flue gases produced therein pass completely through the rotating tube (13) before they arrive in the combustion chamber (7).
- Apparatus according to claim 14, characterised in that means (14) are provided for introducing liquid fuel through the combustion chamber (7) into the rotating tube (7).
- Method for the operation of apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 15, characterised in thatmaterial for combustion (2) is taken to the start of the grate (3) by means of a feeder device (1),the material for combustion (2) is transported away from the feeder device (1) through the combustion chamber (7) by means of moving parts of the grate (3,4),approximately stoichiometric combustion being achieved at least in the first grate zone (3) by feeding in additional air,the flue gas in the combustion chamber (7) is conducted via the grate zone (3,4) right to the end thereof and only thereafter to the secondary combustion chamber (6).
- Method according to claim 16, characterised in that in the rear grate zone (4) fuel of a high calorific value, preferably in powder, liquid or pellet form, is fed onto the residues from combustion in order to aid the smelting operation in said zone (4).
- Method according claim 16 or 17, characterised in that fly ash is added to the residues from combustion (2') in the rear grate zone (4).
- Method according to any of claims 16 to 18, characterised in that the walls (7') of the combustion chamber are cooled to a preset temperature and, after flowing through the combustion chamber walls (7'), the cooling air is conducted into the combustion chamber (7) as combustion air.
- Method according to any of claims 16 to 19, characterised in that a controlled or regulated supply of cooling air keeps the combustion chamber walls (7') at a temperature that is only slightly lower, preferably a maximum of 50°, than the smelting temperature of the fly ash material or slag material being deposited on the walls of the combustion chamber.
- Use of apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 15 for the combustion of domestic and commercial refuse and smelting of the residues from combustion.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH89795 | 1995-03-30 | ||
CH897/95 | 1995-03-30 | ||
CH89795 | 1995-03-30 | ||
PCT/CH1996/000093 WO1996030701A1 (en) | 1995-03-30 | 1996-03-12 | Combustion plant |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0815394A1 EP0815394A1 (en) | 1998-01-07 |
EP0815394B1 EP0815394B1 (en) | 1999-09-15 |
EP0815394B2 true EP0815394B2 (en) | 2002-04-17 |
Family
ID=4197730
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96905650A Expired - Lifetime EP0815394B2 (en) | 1995-03-30 | 1996-03-12 | Combustion plant |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0815394B2 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH11502603A (en) |
KR (1) | KR19980703333A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE184693T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE59603073D1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0815394T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2137672T3 (en) |
GR (1) | GR3031827T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1996030701A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT411705B (en) * | 2001-06-01 | 2004-04-26 | Bios Bioenergiesysteme Gmbh | INSTALLATION AND METHOD FOR BURNING BIOMASS |
KR20020092318A (en) * | 2002-11-14 | 2002-12-11 | 김기경 | An incinerator with fixed type water-cooled combustion grate |
CN101922719A (en) * | 2010-08-27 | 2010-12-22 | 江苏太湖锅炉股份有限公司 | Combined fire grate structure of biomass boiler |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1348314A (en) * | 1963-02-25 | 1964-01-04 | Forni Ed Impianti Ind Ingg De Bartolomeis Spa | Improvement of grate ovens for the incineration of household waste |
US3745941A (en) * | 1971-12-03 | 1973-07-17 | B Reilly | Slagging refuse incinerators |
DK168245B1 (en) * | 1990-07-03 | 1994-02-28 | Lund Milj Teknik A S V | Process and plant for incineration of solid and possibly liquid waste of various kinds |
DE4219231C1 (en) * | 1992-06-12 | 1993-10-21 | Babcock Anlagen Gmbh | Waste incineration process and incinerator |
-
1996
- 1996-03-12 EP EP96905650A patent/EP0815394B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-03-12 DE DE59603073T patent/DE59603073D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-03-12 WO PCT/CH1996/000093 patent/WO1996030701A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-03-12 JP JP8528742A patent/JPH11502603A/en active Pending
- 1996-03-12 ES ES96905650T patent/ES2137672T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-03-12 DK DK96905650T patent/DK0815394T3/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-03-12 KR KR1019970706738A patent/KR19980703333A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-03-12 AT AT96905650T patent/ATE184693T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1999
- 1999-11-11 GR GR990402917T patent/GR3031827T3/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DK0815394T3 (en) | 2000-04-03 |
DE59603073D1 (en) | 1999-10-21 |
EP0815394A1 (en) | 1998-01-07 |
ES2137672T3 (en) | 1999-12-16 |
WO1996030701A1 (en) | 1996-10-03 |
KR19980703333A (en) | 1998-10-15 |
JPH11502603A (en) | 1999-03-02 |
GR3031827T3 (en) | 2000-02-29 |
ATE184693T1 (en) | 1999-10-15 |
EP0815394B1 (en) | 1999-09-15 |
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