DE4409951A1 - Device for burning dusty materials - Google Patents

Abstract

An assembly to incinerate contaminated dust has an incineration chamber (2) with an inlet (4) for the material to be destroyed, and an outlet (6) for the incineration product gases. Primary combustion air (P) is introduced to the chamber through another inlet (12) located close to the first. Secondary combustion air (S) is introduced to the chamber through a third inlet (14) located close to the incineration gas discharge outlet. The secondary air is directed against the oncoming flow of dust from the first inlet. The third inlet imparts a twisting vortex flow-motion to the secondary air, which rotates about an axis (8) running between the dust inlet and the incineration gas outlet. The incinerator outlet discharges from the incinerator to an afterburner zone (32) with an inlet (34) for tertiary air (T). The secondary air inlet has a blower-ring (22) surrounding the gas outlet (6) whose inner (24) surface widens conically and incorporates a number of air inlet slits (26). The slits extend from the external circumference (28) to the inner surface and pass secondary air, generating the vortex motion within the incineration chamber.

Description

The present invention relates to a novel device device for burning dusty materials, esp especially from activated coke dust contaminated with pollutants from filter systems, sewage sludge dust and the like.

Today there are materials in many areas that are very heavily contaminated with extremely harmful toxins. This is the case, for example, with sewage sludge from sewage treatment plants, but also especially with filter plants in which pollutants are separated by activated carbon adsorbers. Such activated carbon adsorbers are used in the separation of nitrogen oxides (NO _x so-called denitrification), sulfur oxides (SO _x ), dusts, hydrocarbons up to dioxins and furans. With NO _x , SO _x and dust, they are often used as "police filters" behind other types of separating devices (e.g. catalysts or electrostatic precipitators). Hard coal active coke (SAK) is usually used for denitrification, while brown coal coke (hearth furnace active coke HOK) is generally used for the other substances or compounds.

For PCB, PCT, dioxins and furans that are mostly in smoke gases from waste incineration plants occur Activated coke filter is currently the only secured deposit possibility. Because the legal provisions (ins special Federal Immission Control Act) z. T. extreme low specified pollutant limit values alone can hardly be achieved through firing measures. For example, especially for dioxins and furans Limit values of <0.1 ng / m³ are observed. Also related other pollutants (e.g. heavy metals, polychlorinated te biphenyls (PCB), polychlorinated terphenyls (PCT) as There are similar precursors to dioxins and furans) low limit values.

Now, of course, the disposal of those with damage materials are a major problem safe destruction of toxic substances and compounds usually only one combustion is possible, all However, some pollutants, such as in particular, require Dioxins, combustion conditions that have not yet existed or only mastered with extremely great technical effort are cash. So is to destroy harmful organi connections a combustion temperature of each if more than 850 ° C with a residence time of at least two seconds required. The legislator is asking Hazardous waste incineration plants even a temperature level of over 1200 ° C with a two-second dwell time.

The present invention is therefore based on the object de, a device for burning such contaminants to create materials with which to constructively simple and compact construction the special, for safe pollutant destruction required combustion  conditions are easily manageable. Here the combustion device should preferably be for a continuous material throughput are suitable so that also an economical operation, especially in direct Combination with such facilities is possible in which the contaminated materials accumulate.

According to the invention, this is achieved by a device with the Features of claim 1 achieved. Advantageous Next formations of the invention are ent in the dependent claims hold.

Thus, the combustion pre-invention stands out direction through a combustion chamber with a one-sided on opening for the material to be burned and one of the Inlet opening opposite outlet opening for through the combustion resulting smoke gases from, in the area the inlet opening means for inserting itself with the dusty material to be burned primary air and in the area of the outlet opening Device for introducing secondary air in this way hen are that the secondary air on the one hand the primary air flows in the direction of the inlet opening and thereby on the other hand in a swirl flow around one by one and Exhaust opening extending combustion chamber axis is offset.

The arrangement of the inlet opening and - in flow direction tion or seen in the throughput direction - opposite Outlet opening allows a continuous, steady continuous combustion process, but due to the inventive division of the combustion air into Primary and secondary air and thereby the inventive Counter-swirl flow of the secondary air the dwell time of the  Material or the dust-air mixture sufficiently long is, especially because of very intensive swirling and ver mixture, d. H. by forming a practically above that homogeneous mixture throughout the firing path, one except properly high firing temperature from 1200 ° to 2000 ° C or can be achieved even higher. The invention he enough increase in the residence time leads to the advantage that the combustion chamber is relatively short and thus the invention Device can be made very compact overall.

According to the invention, the combustion can be done by metering Control the supply of primary and secondary air so that before sometimes at least approximately stoichiometric Combustion is achieved. This means that the so-called called excess air factor λ at least approximately equal to 1 is. For security reasons - to always be complete To be able to ensure combustion - lies λ fiction according to the order of about 1.02. This extremely A small excess of air is therefore of decisive importance part, as a fire temperature drop due to too large Excess air is avoided, d. H. the firing temperature can be kept very high and permanent. It is complete combustion with thermal destruction all pollutants occurring in practice, in particular that of dioxins. In this together hang the term "complete combustion" means that by the invention in the flue gas only one extra low percentage of unburned substances, namely <0.1% is included. The one usually required here Limit of a maximum of 5% unburned is therefore advantageous unfortunately far below. Furthermore, by the before preferably near-stoichiometric combustion also a new one formation of dioxins and the like advantageously  avoided because of such reactions because of the low Air excess of around 2% in particular is not enough Oxygen is available.

Due to the swirl according to the invention and thus it homogeneity of the dust-air mixture is also achieved also achieved a very stable flame (flame stabilization tion), d. H. "tearing off" the flame becomes more advantageous avoided wisely. Therefore, it is advantageously sufficient a so-called ignition and Arrange support torch, which is usually only for the first ignition of the combustion is "switched on", then but be switched off during further operation can, because the combustion stabilizes itself. Everything However, it can be advantageous to use the pilot and auxiliary burner automatically controlled by a controller so that in the event an irregularity of ablau within the combustion chamber combustion of the pilot and auxiliary burners automatically is switched on for a certain time.

In a particularly advantageous further development of the Erfin Afterburning closes at the outlet opening zone in which then - in addition to the primary and Secondary air - Tertiary air is introduced. This can According to the invention, substoichiomas within the combustion chamber be burned trically, with a total of d. H. by Primary, secondary and tertiary air, preferably again an approximately stoichiometric combustion with λ ≈ 1.02 er is enough. The substoichiometric combustion in the Combustion chamber leads to a higher combustion temperature and thereby an even safer elimination of the damage substances, especially dioxins. The by feeding Post-combustion caused by tertiary air practically leads to  a completion of the combustion in such a way that overall achieved intended full combustion becomes.

It should be mentioned at this point that with the invent device according to the invention also basically stoichiome trisch, e.g. B. can be burned with λ ≈ 1.9, for example as if a lower temperature of z. B. about 1200 ° C should be achieved. But it also becomes a very stable combustion due to the homogeneity of the mixture reached.

It is also particularly advantageous if the primary too air is placed in a swirl flow, the swirl directions of primary air and secondary air oppose each other are directed towards. Preferably, too Tertiary air swirled; are here then the swirl directions of secondary air and tertiary air facing each other. In this preferred off leadership form is the invention Device thus around a "multi-stage counter-swirl burner". Especially in this embodiment, the residence time spectrum of the material to be burned increased considerably. This is practically completely homogeneous over the entire firing path Dust-air mixture can be almost without excess air (λ = 1) be burned. It is noteworthy that a Control range of 1:20 can be achieved without that Influencing stability of the flame. This means that an optimal, complete combustion over a rule range from full load to 1/20 of full load guaranteed can be. For example, the device is for 1000 kg Designed for full load, even at 1/20, i.e. 50 kg, a complete, optimal combustion can be achieved,  even at a temperature of around 1800 ° C.

Further advantageous design features of the invention are explained in more detail in the following description become.

Based on preferred, illustrated in the drawing Execution and application examples of a fiction According device according to the invention in the following are explained. Show:

Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section through an inventive Burn-in device to a first embodiment form,

Fig. 2 is a partial view in the direction of the arrow II of FIG. 1 (see. Also Fig. 4),

Fig. 3 is a partial view in the direction of the arrow III of FIG. 1 (see. Also Fig. 4),

Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section analogous to FIG. 1, but in a particularly advantageous development of the device according to the invention,

Fig. 5 is a partial section of the apparatus in cross-section in the section plane VV of Fig. 4,

Fig. 6 is a simplified schematic diagram of a waste incineration plant equipped with the device according to the invention and

Fig. 7 is a block diagram-like representation of the device according to the inven tion with this upstream additional components for processing and for the trans port of the material to be burned.

The same in the different figures of the drawing Parts always have the same reference numerals so that any description of a Partly analogous with regard to the other drawing figures applies in which this part with the corresponding reference sign is also recognizable.

As can be seen initially in Fig. 1, an OF INVENTION dung device 1 according to the combustion of pulverized materials mainly composed of a combustion chamber 2 with a unilateral inlet opening 4 opposite al for the incineration Materi and also supplied combustion air and with an inlet opening 4 in flow direction Outlet opening 6 for flue gases resulting from the combustion. The inlet and outlet openings 4 , 6 are arranged coaxially with one another before, ie a combustion chamber axis 8 in each case runs in particular centrally through the inlet and outlet openings 4 , 6 .

The material to be burned is supplied in dust form, ie in the ground state, via a pipeline 10 , this pipeline 10 opening in the area of the inlet opening 4 . For the purpose of transporting the dusty material, a certain percentage of carrier air is added to it, so that a dust-air mixture already emerges from the pipeline 10 . However, this mixture is supplied with additional combustion air.

According to the invention, the combustion air is now divided at least into primary air P and secondary air S, with in the area of the inlet opening 4 a device 12 for introducing the primary air P mixing with the material to be burned and in the area of the outlet opening 6 a device 14 for introducing the secondary air S of the type are provided that the secondary air S on the one hand the primary air P or the resulting dust-air mixture flows counter to the direction of the inlet opening 4 and on the other hand in a swirl flow around the Brennkam mer axis 8 is added. Through this in Fig. 1 and also in Fig. 4 with the help of flow lines illustrated flow of the secondary air S an increase in the residence time of the combustible mixture within the combustion chamber 2 is achieved as well as such an intensive swirling and mixing that produces an almost homogeneous fuel mixture becomes. This results in optimal combustion conditions.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 1, the device 12 for introducing the primary air P is only in the form of a short, preferably cylindrical, at the same time the inlet opening 4 forming a tube piece 16 such that the primary air P is initially substantially linear while taking the material to be burned , ie as an approximately homogeneous flow, is blown through the inlet opening 4 in the direction of the outlet opening 6 . Within the combustion chamber 2 , the combustion mixture is then swirled intensively by the opposite swirl flow of the secondary air S.

In the case of the particularly advantageous embodiment according to FIG. 4, on the other hand, the device 12 for introducing the primary air P is designed such that the primary air P flows along with the material to be burned, on the one hand, towards the secondary air S in the direction of the outlet opening 6 and, on the other hand, also into a Swirl flow around the combustion chamber axis 8 is offset. According to the invention, the swirl direction of the primary air P or the dust-air mixture is opposite to the swirl direction of the secondary air S. Through this particularly advantageous measure, an extraordinarily intensive mixing and therefore a practically absolutely homogeneous fuel mixture is sufficient. This results in a sufficiently long dwell time for the thermal destruction of pollutants and also an extremely high combustion temperature of in any case more than 1200 ° C., in particular approximately 1800 to 2000 ° C. Practically stoichiometric combustion can be achieved with an extremely small excess of air (λ = 1.02).

As can be seen now in FIG. 4 and 5, to generate the swirl flow is of primary air P, that is, net as the means 12 for introducing the primary air P, within the inlet port 4 is a swirl flap means 18 with particular change to the swirl tilt adjustable swirl flaps 20 angeord. This swirl flap device 18 is designed in the manner of a turbine wheel or an axial fan, wherein the swirl flaps are arranged evenly distributed over the circumference of the inlet opening 4 and are in particular continuously pivotable about radial axes, namely between an axially aligned arrangement and an arrangement approximately perpendicular thereto , then the opening 4 is almost closed. As a result, a certain degree of air volume control can also be achieved. In any case, the swirl flap device 18 serves to vary the swirl effect or swirl intensity of the primary air / dust mixture.

In both embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 4, the means 14 for introducing the secondary air S in Wesent union of a the outlet opening 6 enclosing or the outlet opening 6 concentric sparging ring 22 a in the direction of the combustion chamber flared inner surface of 2 24 and a plurality of distributed over the circumference arranged louvers 26 has. These louvers 26 extend from the outer periphery 28 of the blowing ring 22 to the inner surface 24 and are aligned such that the secondary air S supplied from the outside slots 26 flows through the air and is thereby displaced into the swirl flow directed into the combustion chamber 2 . As is in particular sondere from FIG. 2 shows the sparging is expediently forms ge of a plurality of individual ring members 30 22 respectively between the air slots 26 bil or the limit. These ring elements 30 are fixed or clamped in place by suitable holding means not described in detail. Preferably, the blowing ring 22 consists of about twenty-four individual elements, so that a total of twenty-four louvers are provided in a uniform distribution over the circumference. However, the number of ring elements 30 or air slots 26 can vary greatly, depending on the design of the burner output and the amount of air required in each case.

In this regard, it is particularly advantageous if the air slots 26 of the blowing ring 22 are so nozzle-like in terms of their effective flow cross-section that the outside pressure with a certain, ie defined by the air volume required for complete combustion at λ ≈ 1, supplied secondary air S receives such a high flow velocity through the constricted air slots 26 that they gen of combustion materials into the air slots 26 verhin changed a Eindrin. Thus, advantageously a self-cleaning or self-maintenance of the louvers 26 is achieved by the injected secondary air S.

In the embodiment described so far, the entire combustion air is supplied as primary and secondary air P, S. The total volume of primary and secondary air P, S to be supplied per unit of time, depending on the mass of the material to be burned per unit of time, can preferably be regulated in such a way that the combustion within the combustion chamber 2 is always approximately stoichiometric with an excess air number λ of approximately 1 up to 1.05, in particular about 1.02. On the one hand, full combustion is achieved in this way, on the other hand, the combustion temperature is also extremely high because the combustion is not cooled by the air supplied. Of course, could also with a higher air excess of z. B. λ ≈ 1.9, but the advantage of good and stable combustion remains.

In the illustrated, particularly advantageous embodiment forms, however, a "three-way division" of the total combustion air required is provided by additionally supplying tertiary air T to the primary and secondary air P, S. Expediently, this is followed by a post-combustion zone 32 with a device 34 for supplying the tertiary air T to the outlet opening 6 in the direction remote from the combustion chamber 2 . Here, the combustion within the combustion chamber 2 is substoichiometric with an excess air or "lack of air" Ä <1 success. It can thereby achieve an even higher temperature for the absolutely safe destruction of pollutants, especially dioxins. Completion of the combustion is then carried out in the afterburning zone 32 by supplying the tertiary air T, the tertiary air T being supplied at a volume per unit time that preference is given to the overall combustion approximately stoichiometric (λ approximately 1.02).

As is now apparent from FIGS. 1 and 4 respectively in conjunction with Fig. 3, the device 34 is for supplying the tertiary air T of the art constructed such that the tertiary air T on the one hand in the combustion chamber zone 2 facing away from the direction of the post combustion 32 flows, but this on the other hand is also set in a swirl flow, whereby the residence time within the afterburning zone 32 is increased. According to the invention, the swirl directions of tertiary air and secondary air are opposite to each other. As a result, a further mixing and swirling of the fuel mixture is sufficient. Advantageously, the device 34 for supplying the tertiary air T consists of a concentric with the outlet opening 6 blowing ring 36 , which corresponds in its constructive design basically to the blowing ring 22 provided for the secondary air S, so that for the sake of simplicity reference was made to the above statements becomes. For this purpose, the same or functionally corresponding parts are seen with the same reference numerals. Of particular note, however, is that the conical inner surface 24 of the blowing ring 36 widens in the direction facing away from the combustion chamber 2 . In addition, the air slots 26 are also formed in the blowing ring 36 so that the tertiary air T receives such a high flow rate that it effectively prevents the ingress of substances from the flue gases. Cold fresh air (with outside or ambient temperature) is expediently used as tertiary air T.

In contrast, the primary air P and preferably also the secondary air S are expediently heated before being introduced into the combustion chamber 2 . For this purpose, it is advantageous if the combustion chamber 2 is delimited by a chamber wall 38 , which in turn is closed by an outer jacket 40 in such a way that a chamber 42 enclosing the chamber wall 38 is formed between the chamber wall 38 and the jacket 40 . In this cavity 42 opens in an area close to the outlet opening 6, an air inlet 44 , and the cavity 42 merges on the side facing the outlet opening 6 into the inlet opening 4 . It is preferably arranged inside the cavity 42 between the chamber wall 38 and the outer jacket 40 a helical partition 46 such that the air supplied via the air inlet 44 flows through the chamber wall 38 helically in the direction of the inlet opening 4 to. As a result, a good and effective heat absorption or heat transfer from the combustion chamber 2 via the chamber wall 38 to the air is achieved (heat exchanger). This also contributes to the fact that very high firing temperatures can be reached within the combustion chamber 2 . At the same time, the chamber wall 38 is advantageously cooled ge. The air preferably flows around the chamber wall 38 at least twice, ie a flow of at least 2 × 360 ° = 720 ° is provided.

As is customary, the combustion chamber 2 is also lined with an inner jacket 48 made of a refractory material in the device 1 according to the invention. The refractory materials usually used for this are only stable up to an average temperature of about 1600 ° C. Therefore, because of the very high combustion chamber temperatures of up to 2000 ° C., it is particularly advantageous if a cavity 50 enclosing the latter for a cooling medium cooling the inner jacket 48 is formed between the chamber wall 38 and the refractory inner jacket 48 . It is then particularly advantageous if the secondary air S is used as the cooling medium, for which purpose the air supplied via the air inlet 44 and the cavity 42 formed between the chamber wall 38 and the outer jacket 40 is in the area in front of the inlet opening 4 is divided into the primary air P and the secondary air S on. The secondary air S then flows through the coolant cavity 50 in the direction of the feed device 14 arranged at the outlet opening 6 . Appropriately, the coolant cavity 50 passes directly into an annular chamber 52 surrounding the blowing ring 22 , from which the secondary air S flows through the air slots 26 . This particularly advantageous measure thus on the one hand achieves effective cooling of the inner jacket 48 , and on the other hand the secondary air S is simultaneously heated.

As is now also follows from Fig. 1 and 4, respectively, is arranged in the region of the inlet opening 4, a particular light oil to be operated ignition and auxiliary burners 54th On the one hand, this burner 54 is used for the first ignition in the driving mode of the combustion device 1 according to the invention. As soon as regular combustion within the combustion chamber 2 is reached, this burner 54 can be switched off. On the other hand, the pilot and auxiliary burner 54 is preferably automatically controlled by a control so that, in the event of an irregularity of the combustion occurring within the combustion chamber 2, the ignition and auxiliary burner 54 is automatically switched on for a certain time. For this function, the control unit which switches the burner 54 has on the one hand the monitoring of the combustion taking place in the combustion chamber 2 and on the other hand the flame of the burner 54 , in particular photocells or similar sensors.

In FIG. 6, a particularly advantageous application of the device 1 according to the invention is now illustrated. Here, the combustion chamber 2 is arranged directly on a combustion boiler 56, in particular a waste incineration plant, that the smoke gases escaping via the outlet opening 6 are introduced directly into the combustion chamber 58 of the combustion chamber 56 . Preferably, the arrangement of the device 1 according to the combus- tion boiler 56 is selected such that the flue gases enter the combustion chamber 58 in an area where the operating temperature is 1200 ° C. This precludes the hypothermia of the combustion chamber flame due to edge influences and streak formation in the combustion chamber. In this application, the device 1 according to the invention is particularly suitable for burning the activated coke occurring in the waste incineration plant, with a continuous throughput, ie a constant disposal, being possible before. In addition, a thermal un support of the ablau fenden combustion within the combustion boiler 56 is achieved. The flue gas originating from the device 1 according to the invention is then fed together with the flue gases from the waste incineration plant to a conventional flue gas cleaning system.

Referring to FIG. 7 of the combustion chamber 2 is a Aufbereitungsein device 60 arranged upstream of the material to be incinerated, which in particular consists of a milling device 62, and devices 64 Trans port. In detail, the incipient activated coke is conveyed from an intermediate silo 66 via a pneumatic conveying system 64 a, in particular with nitrogen, to the grinding device 62 and ground there to a fineness necessary for secure combustion. The ground coke dust is then discharged via a rotary valve 64 b and fed to the combustion in a metered manner by means of carrier air. Each unit is advantageously designed so that it can continuously dispose of a maximum amount of activated coke. This means that each combustion boiler is equipped with its own combustion device, so that the amount of activated coke generated by this boiler can be disposed of directly in the boiler.

As an alternative to this preferred application, however, it is also possible to supply the flue gases emerging from the device 1 according to the invention via the outlet opening 6, in particular via flue gas cooling ("quench"), to a flue gas cleaning system (flue gas scrubber).

The invention is not described and described on the limited exemplary embodiments, but also includes all designs having the same effect in the sense of the invention. Furthermore, the invention is not yet based on the Claim 1 defined combination of features limited, son can also be by any other combination of certain characteristics of all of the individual items disclosed characteristics must be defined. This means that basically practically every single feature of claim 1 omitted or by at least one elsewhere in the registration disclosed individual feature can be replaced. To that extent is claim 1 only as a first formulation try to understand for an invention.

Claims (25)

1. Device for burning dust-like materia lines, in particular of activated coke dust contaminated with pollutants and the like, with a combustion chamber ( 2 ) with a one-sided inlet opening ( 4 ) for the material to be burned and one of the inlet opening ( 4 ) opposite outlet opening ( 6 ) for the flue gases produced by the combustion, wherein in the area of the inlet opening ( 4 ) a device ( 12 ) for introducing primary air (P) mixing with the material to be burned and in the area of the outlet opening ( 6 ) a device ( 14 ) for the introduction of secondary air (S) are provided such that the secondary air (S) on the one hand flows against the primary air (P) ent in the direction of the inlet opening ( 4 ) and on the other hand in a swirl flow around an inlet and outlet opening ( 4 , 6 ) extending combustion chamber axis ( 8 ) is displaced. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the device ( 12 ) for introducing the primary air (P) is designed such that the primary air (P) taking the material to be burned initially substantially straight through the inlet opening ( 4 ) in Blown in the direction of the outlet opening ( 6 ) and swirled inside the combustion chamber ( 2 ) by the opposite swirl flow of the secondary air (S). 3. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the device ( 12 ) for introducing the primary air (P) is designed in such a way that the primary air (P) on the one hand, taking the material to be burned, the secondary air (S) in the opposite direction Exhaust opening ( 6 ) flows and on the other hand in a swirl flow around the combustion chamber axis ( 8 ) is set, the swirl directions of the two swirl flows of the primary and secondary air (P, S) being directed opposite one another. 4. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that within the inlet opening ( 4 ) a swirl flap device ( 18 ) with swirl flaps ( 20 ), in particular inclination to swirl change, is arranged. 5. The device according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the device ( 14 ) for introducing the secondary air (S) has an outlet opening ( 6 ) surrounding the blowing ring ( 22 ) which is in the direction of the combustion chamber ( 2 ) flared inner surface ( 24 ) and a plurality of air slots ( 26 ) distributed over the circumference, which extend from the outer periphery ( 28 ) to the inner surface ( 24 ) and are aligned such that the secondary air supplied from the outside (S) flows through the louvers ( 26 ) and is set here through the swirl flow directed into the combustion chamber ( 2 ). 6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the injection ring ( 22 ) is formed by a plurality of individual ring elements ( 30 ), each of which form the air slots ( 26 ) between them. 7. The device according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the air slots ( 26 ) of the blowing ring ( 22 ) with respect to their effective flow cross-section are formed such that the secondary air (S) supplied from the outside with a certain inlet pressure through the air slots ( 26 ) receives such a high flow rate that it prevents the penetration of combustion substances into the louvers ( 26 ). 8. The device according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the total volume of primary and secondary air to be supplied per unit of time (P, S) is controllable as a function of the mass of the material to be burned per unit of time such that the combustion within the combustion chamber ( 2 ) a total of approximately stoichiometric with an excess air of about 1 to 1.05, in particular about 1.02, takes place. 9. The device according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a post-combustion zone ( 32 ) with a device ( 34 ) for supplying tertiary air (T) to the outlet opening ( 6 ) in the direction facing away from the combustion chamber ( 2 ) ) then connects, the combustion within the combustion chamber ( 2 ) preferably taking place sub-stoichiometrically with λ <1 and in the post-combustion zone ( 32 ) still supplying tertiary air (T) with a volume per unit of time that the overall combustion is preferably approximately stoichiometric with λ = 1 to 1.05, in particular approximately λ = 1.02, takes place. 10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that the device ( 34 ) for supplying the tertiary air (T) is designed such that the tertiary air (T) flows on the one hand in the direction of the afterburning zone ( 32 ) facing away from the combustion chamber ( 2 ) and on the other hand is set into a swirl flow, the swirl directions of tertiary and secondary air (T, S) preferably being opposite. 11. The device according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the device ( 34 ) for supplying the tertiary air (T) has a concentric with the outlet opening ( 6 ) blowing ring ( 36 ), one in which the combustion chamber ( 2 ) opposite direction of the afterburning zone ( 32 ) conically widening inner surface ( 24 ) and a plurality of air slots ( 26 ) distributed over the circumference, which extend from the outer circumference ( 28 ) to the inner surface ( 24 ) and are aligned so that the Tertiary air (T) supplied from the outside flows through the air slots ( 26 ) and is thereby displaced into the swirl flow directed into the afterburning zone ( 32 ). 12. The apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that the injection ring ( 36 ) is formed by a plurality of individual ring elements ( 30 ), each of which form the air slots ( 26 ) between them. 13. The apparatus according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the air slots ( 26 ) of the blowing ring ( 36 ) with respect to their effective flow cross-section are formed such that the tertiary air (T) supplied from the outside with a certain inlet pressure through the air slots ( 26 ) receives such a high flow rate that it prevents the penetration of combustion substances into the louvers ( 26 ). 14. The device according to one or more of claims 9 to 13, characterized in that as Tertiary air (T) cold fresh air is used.   15. The device according to one or more of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the primary air (P) and preferably also the secondary air (S) are heated up before being introduced into the combustion chamber ( 2 ). 16. The device according to one or more of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the combustion chamber ( 2 ) is delimited by a chamber wall ( 38 ) which in turn is closed by a jacket ( 40 ) in such a way that between the chamber wall ( 38 ) and the jacket ( 40 ) a chamber ( 38 ) enclosing cavity ( 42 ) is formed, in which in an area close to the outlet opening ( 6 ) an air inlet ( 44 ) opens, the cavity ( 42 ) on which the outlet let opening ( 6 ) opposite side merges into the inlet opening ( 4 ). 17. The apparatus according to claim 16, characterized in that within the cavity ( 42 ) between the Kammerwan manure ( 38 ) and the jacket ( 40 ) a screw-shaped partition ( 46 ) is arranged such that the air inlet ( 44 ) Air supplied flows around the chamber wall ( 38 ) helically in the direction of the inlet opening ( 4 ). 18. The device according to one or more of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the combustion chamber ( 2 ) is lined with an inner casing ( 48 ) made of refractory material, preferably between the chamber wall ( 38 ) and the refractory inner casing ( 48 ) a cavity ( 50 ) enclosing the latter is formed for a cooling medium cooling the inner jacket ( 48 ). 19. The apparatus according to claim 18, characterized in that the secondary air (S) is used as the cooling medium, wherein preferably the via the air inlet ( 44 ) and between the chamber wall ( 38 ) and the outer jacket ( 40 ) formed cavity ( 42 ) Air supplied in the area in front of the inlet opening ( 4 ) on the one hand into the primary air (P) flowing to the inlet opening ( 4 ) and on the other hand through the coolant cavity ( 50 ) in the direction of the feed device ( 14 ) arranged at the outlet opening ( 6 ) ) secondary air flowing (S) is divided. 20. The device according to one or more of claims 1 to 19, characterized by a in the region of the inlet opening ( 4 ) arranged, in particular with light oil to operate ignition and support burner ( 54 ). 21. The apparatus according to claim 20, characterized in that the pilot and auxiliary burner ( 54 ) is automatically controlled by a control so that in the event of an irregularity within the combustion chamber ( 2 ) the combustion of the pilot and auxiliary burners ( 54 ) is switched on automatically for a certain time. 22. The apparatus according to claim 21, characterized in that the control for monitoring on the one hand the combustion in the combustion chamber ( 2 ) and on the other hand the flame of the pilot and auxiliary burner ( 54 ) each have photo cells or the like sensors. 23. The device according to one or more of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the combustion chamber ( 2 ) is arranged so directly on a combus tion boiler ( 56 ) in particular a waste incineration plant that the flue gases emerging via the outlet opening ( 6 ) in the Combustion chamber ( 58 ) of the combustion boiler ( 56 ) are introduced, preferably in an area of the combustion chamber ( 58 ) in which a temperature of 1200 ° C. prevails during operation. 24. The device according to one or more of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the flue gases emerging via the outlet opening ( 6 ), in particular via a flue gas cooling system, are supplied with a flue gas cleaning system and are then fed into the atmosphere. 25. The device according to one or more of claims 1 to 24, characterized by one of the combustion chamber ( 2 ) upstream treatment device ( 60 ) for the material to be burned, in particular re from a grinding device ( 62 ) and transport devices ( 64 a, b) consists.