EP0326817B1 - Installation for carbonizing waste - Google Patents

Installation for carbonizing waste Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0326817B1
EP0326817B1 EP89100361A EP89100361A EP0326817B1 EP 0326817 B1 EP0326817 B1 EP 0326817B1 EP 89100361 A EP89100361 A EP 89100361A EP 89100361 A EP89100361 A EP 89100361A EP 0326817 B1 EP0326817 B1 EP 0326817B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
carbonisation
gases
temperature
gas
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP89100361A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0326817A2 (en
EP0326817A3 (en
Inventor
Frohmut Dipl.-Ing. Vollhardt
Karl-Wolfgang May
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MAN Gutehoffnungshutte GmbH
Siemens AG
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MAN Gutehoffnungshutte GmbH
Siemens AG
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Publication of EP0326817A3 publication Critical patent/EP0326817A3/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F23G5/0273—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage using indirect heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/48—Preventing corrosion

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a plant for charring waste materials according to the preamble of the claim.
  • Waste materials in the sense of the invention are to be understood as household and industrial waste as well as chemical residues which develop pollutants or gases, such as various types of dioxins, furans, CO etc.
  • An afterburning chamber is connected downstream of a rotary kiln. In this combustion chamber there is a temperature between 1200 - 1400 ° C as well as a gas speed of 2 - 4 m / sec.
  • an afterburning chamber behind a combustion furnace of a chemical waste incinerator is known. The burners of the afterburning chamber used are concentrated on a certain chamber area.
  • the discharge device for residues from the smoldering drum has a stair grate provided with a combustion device with a subsequent afterburning chamber and a heat recovery system, preferably one Waste heat boiler with steam drum is connected downstream.
  • the combustion or smoldering gases enter the afterburning chamber as a heat-emitting medium. This is also the case with the system according to the invention. If necessary, additional fuels from another source of the combustion chamber can also be added.
  • DE-A-3 504 810 discloses a process for the thermal conversion of dioxin, in which a coke battery is connected in parallel to a pyrolysis plant and the coke battery and the plant release their gas to an afterburner (3 in the drawing), where obviously the coke gas is used to burn the dioxin above 1200 ° C.
  • plastic waste is preheated in a rotary kiln for the purpose of splitting off hydrogen chloride.
  • the plastic waste is then burned on the grate of an incinerator.
  • the combustion gas from the furnace is then cooled with water and the fly ash is removed. The gas then escapes through a chimney.
  • the air for indirect preheating of the plastic waste in the rotary kiln is heated in an air heater, which is located in the flue gas chimney of the incinerator, and is circulated to the air jacket of the rotary kiln.
  • the object of the invention is to keep the heating device of the carbonization system completely or largely free of corrosion, and also to enable the conversion of environmentally harmful gases in the afterburning chamber to those with a low pollutant content, which can be done with simple design means should be achieved.
  • the invention provides the features of the characterizing part of the patent claim.
  • the system according to the invention ensures that the pollutant-laden gases entering the afterburner chamber at a temperature of approximately 1400 ° C. are kept at a temperature of 1200 ° C. and above for a residence time of 1.0-5.0 seconds, preferably 2 seconds , so that this conversion into a gas with a low pollutant content can take place during this time. Furthermore, there is the advantage that the heat extracted from the gas of the afterburning chamber benefits the smoldering process in that the gas heating the smoldering device is heated in the heat exchanger of the afterburning chamber, and this in a closed circuit between the smoldering device and the heat exchanger of the afterburner, so that corrosion in the parts of this circuit is avoided.
  • a smoldering drum is used as the smoldering device 1, to which the material to be smoldered is fed via a screw 2, the smoldered material leaving the smoldering drum in the direction of arrow 3.
  • the heating gas required for the smoldering process reaches the drum via the feed 4 and is discharged via the line 5.
  • the afterburning chamber 8 which is preferably arranged upright, is assigned to the smoldering device 1 via the lines 6, 7.
  • the pollutant-laden burner gases pass into it from the carbonization drum in the direction of arrow 9 into the afterburning chamber through the nozzle 10 in the direction of arrow 11.
  • a heat exchanger provided with the general reference number 12 is arranged in the upper region of the afterburning chamber 8.
  • this line 7 opens and leads the heat exchanger from the smoldering device 1 recycle gas, preferably an inert gas or the like, and leaves this gas via line 6 again come to the smoldering drum 1, so that a closed circuit via the smoldering device, the lines 6 and 7 and the heat exchanger 12 is given.
  • recycle gas preferably an inert gas or the like
  • the gases of the afterburning chamber 8 enter in the direction of arrow 9 at a temperature of 1400 ° C. in the upper section 12a of the heat exchanger 12. They have a flow rate of about 2-4 m / sec, so that, taking into account the diameter of the heat exchanger 12, the gases have a residence time of 1-5 sec, preferably 2 sec, in the afterburning chamber.
  • the length or height L of the exchanger 12 is chosen such that the given residence time of 1-5 seconds within the heat exchanger is ensured at the given speed of the gases in the afterburner chamber. It is immaterial whether the temperature of the gas has already dropped to 1200 ° C over a height L 1, the only important thing is that the residence time of 1.0-5.0 seconds, preferably 2 seconds, is maintained.
  • the length L of the heat exchanger, on the one hand, or the flow rate of the gases in the afterburner chamber within the heat exchanger area, on the other hand, is selected so that the above-mentioned parameters (residence time and temperature) are observed. It is during this time that environmentally harmful gases are converted into gases with a low pollutant content.
  • Temperature measuring devices 14 can be provided, the lowest of which Temperature measuring device 14a is arranged at the outlet of the burned gases 12b of the heat exchanger 12.
  • the heat exchanger itself is designed as a cylindrical ring part with an outer wall 15 and an inner wall 16, the inner wall 16 having a lining 17. Aggressive components of the post-combustion chamber gases can run downwards there.
  • a bypass line 19 with a control valve 20 is provided. This is preferably connected to the temperature measuring device 14a via a control line 21. If the temperature measuring device 14a recognizes that the temperature in the outlet of the burned gases 12b falls below 1200 ° C., the valve 20 controls a part of the approximately 750 ° C.
  • the temperature in the inlet connection 22 of the heat exchanger 8 is increased, so that a temperature of 1200 ° C. is ultimately also maintained in the lower section 12b of the heat exchanger 12. It can thus be ensured by the control via the bypass 19 and the valve 20 that in any case over the length L of the heat exchanger 12 with a residence time of the temperature of 1200 ° C. and more is preferably maintained for 2 seconds in order to convert the environmentally harmful gases into low-emission gases.
  • the low-pollutant gases leave the afterburning chamber via line 11 and can be used in a downstream superheater 23.
  • the material and the thickness of the lining, which is preferably locked on the inner wall, must be selected accordingly.
  • the bypass 19 serves with its control option.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Anlage zum Verschwelen von Abfallstoffen nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches.The invention relates to a plant for charring waste materials according to the preamble of the claim.

Unter Abfallstoffen im Sinne der Erfindung sollen Hausund Industriemüll ebenso verstanden werden wie chemische Rückstände, die Schadstoffe oder Gase, wie Dioxine verschiedener Art, Furane, CO etc. entwickeln. Es stehen Anlagen zur Verbrennung von Sondermüll der Patentinhaberin in Gebrauch, bei denen einem Drehrohrofen eine Nachbrennkammer nachgeschaltet ist. In dieser Brennkammer herrscht eine Temperatur zwischen 1200 - 1400° C ebenso wie eine Gasgeschwindigkeit von 2 - 4 m/sec feststellbar ist. Durch die ältere, nicht vorveröffentlichte DE-A-3 625 397 ist eine Nachbrennkammer hinter einem Verbrennungsofen einer Verbrennungseinrichtung für chemischen Abfall bekannt. Hierbei sind die zur Anwendung kommenden Brenner der Nachbrennkammer auf einen bestimmten Kammerbereich konzentriert. In der gleichfalls älteren und nicht vorveröffentlichten DE-A- 3 730 339 ist eine Anlage zum Verschwelen von Abfallstoffen und verunreinigten Stoffen vorgeschlagen, bei der der Austragsvorrichtung für Reststoffe aus der Schweltrommel ein mit einer Brenneinrichtung versehener Treppenrost mit anschließender Nachbrennkammer und einer Wärmegewinnungsanlage, vorzugsweise einem Abhitzekessel mit Dampftrommel nachgeschaltet ist. Bei diesen Anlagen und Einrichtungen gelangen die Verbrennungs- oder Schwelgase in die Nachbrennkammer als wärmeabgebendes Medium. Dies ist auch bei der erfindungsgemäßen Anlage der Fall. Falls erforderlich, können auch zusätzlich Brennstoffe aus einer anderen Quelle der Brennkammer aufgegeben werden.Waste materials in the sense of the invention are to be understood as household and industrial waste as well as chemical residues which develop pollutants or gases, such as various types of dioxins, furans, CO etc. There are systems for the incineration of special waste by the patent owner, in which an afterburning chamber is connected downstream of a rotary kiln. In this combustion chamber there is a temperature between 1200 - 1400 ° C as well as a gas speed of 2 - 4 m / sec. From the older, unpublished DE-A-3 625 397, an afterburning chamber behind a combustion furnace of a chemical waste incinerator is known. The burners of the afterburning chamber used are concentrated on a certain chamber area. In the likewise older and not prepublished DE-A-3 730 339, a plant for the smoldering of waste and contaminated substances is proposed, in which the discharge device for residues from the smoldering drum has a stair grate provided with a combustion device with a subsequent afterburning chamber and a heat recovery system, preferably one Waste heat boiler with steam drum is connected downstream. In these systems and devices, the combustion or smoldering gases enter the afterburning chamber as a heat-emitting medium. This is also the case with the system according to the invention. If necessary, additional fuels from another source of the combustion chamber can also be added.

Durch die DE-A- 3 504 810 wird ein Verfahren zur thermischen Umsetzung von Dioxin offenbart, bei welchem einer Koksbatterie eine Pyrolyse-Anlage parallel geschaltet ist und die Koksbatterie und die Anlage ihr Gas an einen Nachbrenner (3 in der Zeichnung) abgeben, wo offensichtlich das Koksgas zur Verbrennung des Dioxins oberhalb von 1200° C dient.DE-A-3 504 810 discloses a process for the thermal conversion of dioxin, in which a coke battery is connected in parallel to a pyrolysis plant and the coke battery and the plant release their gas to an afterburner (3 in the drawing), where obviously the coke gas is used to burn the dioxin above 1200 ° C.

In dem Aufsatz "Abfallbeseitigung durch Pyrolyse" in: Chemie Ingenieur Technik (1985) wird eine Pyrolyse-Anlage mit Gaswandler beschrieben. Dort erfolgt in einem Gaswandler mittels eines Koksbettes die Erzeugung eines Brenngases, das nach einer Gaswäsche den Brenner eines Heizgaserzeugers speist. Ein Kreislauf des Heizgases ist nicht vorgesehen. Eine Korrosion in den Leitungsabschnitten zwischen Gaswandler, Gaswäsche, Heizgaserzeuger und letztlich Schweleinrichtung läßt sich bei dieser bekannten Anlage nicht vermeiden.In the article "Waste disposal by pyrolysis" in: Chemie Ingenieur Technik (1985) a pyrolysis plant with a gas converter is described. There, in a gas converter, a coke bed is used to generate a fuel gas which, after a gas scrub, feeds the burner of a heating gas generator. A cycle of the heating gas is not provided. Corrosion in the line sections between the gas converter, gas scrubbing, heating gas generator and ultimately smoldering device cannot be avoided in this known system.

Bei dem Verfahren und der Vorrichtung nach der DE-A- 2 026 970 werden Kunststoffabfälle in einem Drehofen zwecks Abspaltung von Chlorwasserstoffen vorerhitzt. Anschließend werden die Kunststoffabfälle auf dem Rost eines Verbrennungsofens verbrannt. Das Verbrennungsgas aus dem Ofen wird anschließend mit Wasser abgekühlt, die Flugasche entfernt. Das Gas gelangt sodann über einen Kamin ins Freie.In the method and the device according to DE-A-2 026 970, plastic waste is preheated in a rotary kiln for the purpose of splitting off hydrogen chloride. The plastic waste is then burned on the grate of an incinerator. The combustion gas from the furnace is then cooled with water and the fly ash is removed. The gas then escapes through a chimney.

Die Luft zur indirekten Vorerhitzung der Kunststoffabfälle im Drehofen wird in einem Lufterhitzer, der im Abgaskamin des Verbrennungsofens angeordnet ist, erhitzt und im Kreislauf zum Luftmantel des Drehofens geleitet.The air for indirect preheating of the plastic waste in the rotary kiln is heated in an air heater, which is located in the flue gas chimney of the incinerator, and is circulated to the air jacket of the rotary kiln.

Bei diesem Verfahren ist keine Nachverbrennung vorgesehen, denn die dort zu beseitigenden Kunststoffabfälle auf der Basis Poylvinylchloridverbindungen lassen sich offenbar nach Entfernen des Chlors in einem Verbrennungsofen vollständig verbrennen, ohne daß sich schädliche Gase ausbilden.No afterburning is provided in this process, because the plastic waste based on polyvinyl chloride compounds to be removed can apparently be completely burned in a combustion furnace after the chlorine has been removed, without the formation of harmful gases.

Diesem Stand der Technik bzw. diesen älteren Anmeldungen gegenüber besteht die Aufgabe der Erfindung darin, die Beheizungseinrichtung der Schwelanlage ganz oder weitgehend korrosionsfrei zu halten, ferner die Umwandlung von umweltschädlichen Gasen in der Nachbrennkammer in solche mit geringem Schadstoffgehalt zu ermöglichen, was mit konstruktiv einfachen Mitteln erreicht werden soll.Compared to this prior art or these older applications, the object of the invention is to keep the heating device of the carbonization system completely or largely free of corrosion, and also to enable the conversion of environmentally harmful gases in the afterburning chamber to those with a low pollutant content, which can be done with simple design means should be achieved.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe sieht die Erfindung die Merkmale des kennzeichnenden Teils des Patentanspruches vor.To achieve this object, the invention provides the features of the characterizing part of the patent claim.

Die erfindungsgemäße Anlage gewährleistet, die in die Nachbrennkammer mit einer Temperatur von ca. 1400° C eintretenden schadstoffbeladenen Gase bei einer Verweilzeit von 1,0 - 5,0 sec, vorzugsweise 2 sec, bei einer Temperatur von 1200° C und oberhalb davon zu halten, so daß in dieser Zeit jene Umwandlung in ein Gas mit geringem Schadstoffgehalt erfolgen kann. Des weiteren ergibt sich der Vorteil, daß hierbei die dem Gas der Nachbrennkammer entzogene Wärme dem Schwelvorgang dadurch zugute kommt, daß das die Schwelvorrichtung beheizende Gas im Wärmetauscher der Nachbrennkammer erwärmt wird und dies in einem geschlossenen Kreislauf zwischen der Schwelvorrichtung und dem Wärmetauscher der Nachbrennkammer erfolgt, so daß eine Korrosion in den Teilen dieses Kreislaufs vermieden wird.The system according to the invention ensures that the pollutant-laden gases entering the afterburner chamber at a temperature of approximately 1400 ° C. are kept at a temperature of 1200 ° C. and above for a residence time of 1.0-5.0 seconds, preferably 2 seconds , so that this conversion into a gas with a low pollutant content can take place during this time. Furthermore, there is the advantage that the heat extracted from the gas of the afterburning chamber benefits the smoldering process in that the gas heating the smoldering device is heated in the heat exchanger of the afterburning chamber, and this in a closed circuit between the smoldering device and the heat exchanger of the afterburner, so that corrosion in the parts of this circuit is avoided.

Auf der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Anlage dargestellt, und zwar zeigt:

Fig. 1
die Anordnung der Schwelvorrichtung und der Nachbrennkammer und
Fig. 2
im Vertikalschnitt die Nachbrennkammer.
An exemplary embodiment of the system according to the invention is shown in the drawing, namely
Fig. 1
the arrangement of the smoldering device and the afterburner and
Fig. 2
the post-combustion chamber in vertical section.

Im dargestellten Beispiel dient als Schwelvorrichtung 1 eine Schweltrommel, der das zu verschwelende Gut über eine Schnecke 2 zugeführt wird, wobei das verschwelte Gut in Richtung des Pfeiles 3 die Schweltrommel verläßt. Das für den Schwelvorgang benötigte Heizgas gelangt über die Zuführung 4 in die Trommel und wird über die Leitung 5 abgeführt.In the example shown, a smoldering drum is used as the smoldering device 1, to which the material to be smoldered is fed via a screw 2, the smoldered material leaving the smoldering drum in the direction of arrow 3. The heating gas required for the smoldering process reaches the drum via the feed 4 and is discharged via the line 5.

Der Schwelvorrichtung 1 ist über die Leitungen 6, 7 die Nachbrennkammer 8 zugeordnet, die vorzugsweise stehend angeordnet ist. In sie gelangen die schadstoffbeladenen Brennergase aus der Schweltrommel in Richtung des Pfeiles 9 in die Nachbrennkammer durch den Stutzen 10 in Richtung des Pfeiles 11.The afterburning chamber 8, which is preferably arranged upright, is assigned to the smoldering device 1 via the lines 6, 7. The pollutant-laden burner gases pass into it from the carbonization drum in the direction of arrow 9 into the afterburning chamber through the nozzle 10 in the direction of arrow 11.

In dem oberen Bereich der Nachbrennkammer 8 ist ein mit der allgemeinen Bezugsziffer 12 versehener Wärmetauscher angeordnet. In diesen mündet die Leitung 7 und führt dem Wärmetauscher aus der Schwelvorrichtung 1 kommendes Kreislaufgas, vorzugsweise ein Inertgas od. dgl. zu und läßt dieses Gas über die Leitung 6 wieder der Schweltrommel 1 zukommen, so daß ein geschlossener Kreislauf über die Schwelvorrichtung, die Leitungen 6 und 7 und den Wärmetauscher 12 gegeben ist. Hierdurch kann die Korrosionsanfälligkeit der genannten Teile erheblich gemindert werden.A heat exchanger provided with the general reference number 12 is arranged in the upper region of the afterburning chamber 8. In this line 7 opens and leads the heat exchanger from the smoldering device 1 recycle gas, preferably an inert gas or the like, and leaves this gas via line 6 again come to the smoldering drum 1, so that a closed circuit via the smoldering device, the lines 6 and 7 and the heat exchanger 12 is given. As a result, the susceptibility to corrosion of the parts mentioned can be considerably reduced.

Die Gase der Nachbrennkammer 8 treten in Richtung des Pfeiles 9 mit einer Temperatur von 1400° C in den oberen Abschnitt 12a des Wärmetauschers 12 ein. Sie haben eine Strömungsgeschwindigkeit von etwa 2 - 4 m/sec, so daß bei Berücksichtigung des Durchmessers des Wärmetauschers 12 eine Verweilzeit der Gase in der Nachbrennkammer von 1 - 5 sec, vorzugsweise von 2 sec, gegeben ist. Die Länge bzw. Höhe L des Austauschers 12 ist derart gewählt, daß bei der gegebenen Geschwindigkeit der Gase in der Nachbrennkammer die genannte Verweilzeit von 1 - 5 sec innerhalb des Wärmetauschers gewährleistet ist. Hierbei ist es gleichgültig, ob bereits über eine Höhe L₁ die Temperatur des Gases auf 1200° C herabgesunken ist, wesentlich ist nur, daß hierbei die Verweilzeit von 1,0 - 5,0 sec, vorzugsweise 2 sec, eingehalten wird. Dies bedeutet, daß die Länge L des Wärmetauschers einerseits bzw. die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit der Gase in der Nachbrennkammer innerhalb des Wärmetauscherbereichs andererseits so gewählt wird, daß die vorstehend genannten Parameter (Verweilzeit und Temperatur) eingehalten werden. In dieser Zeit nämlich erfolgt jene Umwandlung umweltschädlicher Gase in Gase mit geringem Schadstoffgehalt.The gases of the afterburning chamber 8 enter in the direction of arrow 9 at a temperature of 1400 ° C. in the upper section 12a of the heat exchanger 12. They have a flow rate of about 2-4 m / sec, so that, taking into account the diameter of the heat exchanger 12, the gases have a residence time of 1-5 sec, preferably 2 sec, in the afterburning chamber. The length or height L of the exchanger 12 is chosen such that the given residence time of 1-5 seconds within the heat exchanger is ensured at the given speed of the gases in the afterburner chamber. It is immaterial whether the temperature of the gas has already dropped to 1200 ° C over a height L 1, the only important thing is that the residence time of 1.0-5.0 seconds, preferably 2 seconds, is maintained. This means that the length L of the heat exchanger, on the one hand, or the flow rate of the gases in the afterburner chamber within the heat exchanger area, on the other hand, is selected so that the above-mentioned parameters (residence time and temperature) are observed. It is during this time that environmentally harmful gases are converted into gases with a low pollutant content.

Zur Kontrolle der Temperaturführung in den einzelnen Bereichen des Wärmetauschers können Temperaturmeßgeräte 14 vorgesehen werden, von denen das unterste Temperaturmeßgerät 14a am Austritt der verbrannten Gase 12b des Wärmetauschers 12 angeordnet ist. Der Wärmetauscher selbst ist als zylindrischer Ringteil mit einer Außenwand 15 sowie einer Innenwand 16 ausgebildet, wobei die Innenwand 16 eine Auskleidung 17 besitzt. An dieser können aggressive Bestandteile der Nachbrennkammergase abwärts rinnen.To control the temperature control in the individual areas of the heat exchanger, temperature measuring devices 14 can be provided, the lowest of which Temperature measuring device 14a is arranged at the outlet of the burned gases 12b of the heat exchanger 12. The heat exchanger itself is designed as a cylindrical ring part with an outer wall 15 and an inner wall 16, the inner wall 16 having a lining 17. Aggressive components of the post-combustion chamber gases can run downwards there.

Da die Temperatur der Gase aus der Brennerkammer 18, die in Richtung des Pfeiles 9 in die Nachbrennkammer strömen, unterschiedlich ausfallen kann und bei bestimmter Strömungsgeschwindigkeit die gewünschte Verweilzeit in dem Austauscher 12 einzuhalten ist, ist zwischen den beiden Leitungen 6, 7, vorzugsweise in Nähe der Nachbrennkammer 8, eine Bypassleitung 19 mit einem Regelventil 20 vorgesehen. Dies steht vorzugsweise über eine Steuerleitung 21 mit der Temperaturmeßeinrichtung 14a in Verbindung. Läßt die Temperaturmeßeinrichtung 14a erkennen, daß im Austritt der verbrannten Gase 12b die Temperatur von 1200° C unterschritten wird, so steuert das Ventil 20 einen Teil des etwa 750° C erwärmten inerten Kreislaufgases des Leitungsteils 6a über die Bypassleitung 19 in den Leitungsteil 7a und den Stutzen 22 des Wärmetauschers 12 und mischt sich mit den über die Leitung 6 mit einer Temperatur von etwa 350° C ankommenden Kreislauf der Schwelvorrichtung. Hierdurch wird die Temperatur in dem Eintrittsstutzen 22 des Wärmetauschers 8 erhöht, so daß letztendlich auch im unteren Abschnitt 12b des Wärmetauschers 12 eine Temperatur von 1200° C aufrechterhalten wird. Mithin kann durch die Steuerung über den Bypass 19 und das Ventil 20 gewährleistet werden, daß auf jeden Fall über die Länge L des Wärmetauschers 12 bei einer Verweilzeit von vorzugsweise 2 sec die Temperatur von 1200° C und mehr eingehalten wird, um eine Umwandlung der umweltschädlichen Gase in schadstoffarme Gase zu erreichen. Die schadstoffarmen Gase verlassen die Nachbrennkammer über die Leitung 11 und können in einem nachgeschalteten Überhitzter 23 genutzt werden.Since the temperature of the gases from the burner chamber 18, which flow in the direction of arrow 9 into the afterburning chamber, can be different and the desired dwell time in the exchanger 12 must be maintained at a certain flow rate, there is preferably between the two lines 6, 7 the afterburning chamber 8, a bypass line 19 with a control valve 20 is provided. This is preferably connected to the temperature measuring device 14a via a control line 21. If the temperature measuring device 14a recognizes that the temperature in the outlet of the burned gases 12b falls below 1200 ° C., the valve 20 controls a part of the approximately 750 ° C. heated circulating gas of the line part 6a via the bypass line 19 into the line part 7a and the Connection 22 of the heat exchanger 12 and mixes with the circuit of the smoldering device arriving via line 6 at a temperature of approximately 350 ° C. As a result, the temperature in the inlet connection 22 of the heat exchanger 8 is increased, so that a temperature of 1200 ° C. is ultimately also maintained in the lower section 12b of the heat exchanger 12. It can thus be ensured by the control via the bypass 19 and the valve 20 that in any case over the length L of the heat exchanger 12 with a residence time of the temperature of 1200 ° C. and more is preferably maintained for 2 seconds in order to convert the environmentally harmful gases into low-emission gases. The low-pollutant gases leave the afterburning chamber via line 11 and can be used in a downstream superheater 23.

Von besonderer Bedeutung ist die Ausbildung der Innenwand 16, insbesondere aber deren Auskleidung 17. Durch sie nämlich muß gewährleistet sein, daß für die Dauer von 1 - 5 sec die Temperatur der zu verbrennenden Gase auf oder über 1200° C gehalten wird, während in dem Wärmetauscher, d.h. zwischen den Wänden 15 und 17, eine mittlere Temperatur von 550° C (Eintrittstemperatur 350° C, Austrittstemperatur 750° C) herrscht. Das Material und die Stärke der Auskleidung, die vorzugsweise an die Innenwand torkretiert wird, ist entsprechend zu wählen.Of particular importance is the formation of the inner wall 16, but in particular the lining 17. This is because it must be ensured that the temperature of the gases to be burned is kept at or above 1200 ° C. for a period of 1-5 seconds while in the Heat exchanger, ie between walls 15 and 17, there is an average temperature of 550 ° C (inlet temperature 350 ° C, outlet temperature 750 ° C). The material and the thickness of the lining, which is preferably locked on the inner wall, must be selected accordingly.

Um trotz einer präzisen Abstimmung der Auskleidung 17 und unter Berücksichtigung der möglicherweise mit zunehmendem Alter schwindenden Wirkung der Auskleidung eine weitgehend genaue Temperatur über die angegebene Verweilzeit der Brennergase in dem Tauscher 12 beizubehalten, dient der Bypass 19 mit seiner Regelmöglichkeit.In order to maintain a largely accurate temperature over the specified dwell time of the burner gases in the exchanger 12 despite the precise matching of the lining 17 and taking into account the possibly decreasing effect of the lining with increasing age, the bypass 19 serves with its control option.

Claims (1)

  1. An installation for the carbonisation of waste materials comprising a carbonisation apparatus and a combustion chamber having a post-combustion chamber which is provided with a heat exchanger and into which the carbonisation gases of the carbonisation apparatus are passed and are resident therein at a temperature of 1200°C or over for from 1.0 to 5.0 seconds, characterised in that a gas heating the carbonisation apparatus (1) is passed in a closed circuit through the carbonisation apparatus (1) and the heat exchanger (12) of the post-combustion chamber (8), that a by-pass conduit (19) with a regulating valve (20) is arranged between the feed conduit (7a) and the discharge conduit (6a) carrying the gas heating the carbonisation apparatus (1) into and out of the heat exchanger (12), and that the regulating valve of the by-pass (19) is connected to a temperature measuring device (14a) at the discharge of the burnt carbonisation gases (12b) out of the heat exchanger (12).
EP89100361A 1988-02-03 1989-01-11 Installation for carbonizing waste Expired - Lifetime EP0326817B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3803096 1988-02-03
DE3803096 1988-02-03
DE3804853 1988-02-17
DE3804853A DE3804853A1 (en) 1988-02-03 1988-02-17 Plant for the smoldering of waste materials

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EP0326817A2 EP0326817A2 (en) 1989-08-09
EP0326817A3 EP0326817A3 (en) 1990-06-27
EP0326817B1 true EP0326817B1 (en) 1992-12-02

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EP89100361A Expired - Lifetime EP0326817B1 (en) 1988-02-03 1989-01-11 Installation for carbonizing waste

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US (1) US4913064A (en)
EP (1) EP0326817B1 (en)
DE (2) DE3804853A1 (en)
UA (1) UA13104A (en)

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DE19528018B4 (en) * 1995-07-31 2005-12-15 Eisenmann Maschinenbau Gmbh & Co. Kg Plant for the thermal treatment of organic matter containing materials for the thermal disposal of waste, domestic, industrial and / or hazardous waste, chemical residues and / or the like

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CN110801724B (en) * 2019-11-14 2023-12-19 西安交通大学 Flue gas pollutant removal system with corrosion prevention and control functions
CN111807671A (en) * 2020-06-15 2020-10-23 上海市政工程设计研究总院（集团）有限公司 Sludge incineration and carbonization cooperative treatment system

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DE19528018B4 (en) * 1995-07-31 2005-12-15 Eisenmann Maschinenbau Gmbh & Co. Kg Plant for the thermal treatment of organic matter containing materials for the thermal disposal of waste, domestic, industrial and / or hazardous waste, chemical residues and / or the like

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0326817A2 (en) 1989-08-09
UA13104A (en) 1997-02-28
US4913064A (en) 1990-04-03
DE58902837D1 (en) 1993-01-14
DE3804853A1 (en) 1989-08-17
EP0326817A3 (en) 1990-06-27
DE3804853C2 (en) 1990-05-03

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