EP0340537B1 - Plant for the disposal of waste materials - Google Patents

Plant for the disposal of waste materials Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0340537B1
EP0340537B1 EP89107049A EP89107049A EP0340537B1 EP 0340537 B1 EP0340537 B1 EP 0340537B1 EP 89107049 A EP89107049 A EP 89107049A EP 89107049 A EP89107049 A EP 89107049A EP 0340537 B1 EP0340537 B1 EP 0340537B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
heat exchanger
chamber
secondary combustion
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89107049A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0340537A1 (en
Inventor
Karl-Wolfgang May
Frohmut Vollhardt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Takuma Co Ltd
Mitsui Engineering and Shipbuilding Co Ltd
Original Assignee
MAN Gutehoffnungshutte GmbH
Siemens AG
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Application filed by MAN Gutehoffnungshutte GmbH, Siemens AG filed Critical MAN Gutehoffnungshutte GmbH
Priority to AT89107049T priority Critical patent/ATE68814T1/en
Publication of EP0340537A1 publication Critical patent/EP0340537A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F23G5/0273—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage using indirect heating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
    • F23G2201/302—Treating pyrosolids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
    • F23G2201/303—Burning pyrogases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
    • F23G2201/304—Burning pyrosolids

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a plant for the disposal of waste materials with a smoldering device and a combustion chamber.
  • Plants for the incineration of hazardous waste are in use, in which an afterburning chamber is connected downstream of a rotary kiln (combustion chamber).
  • the temperature in this combustion chamber is between 1200 and 1400 ° C; a gas velocity of 2-4 m / sec can be determined.
  • a system is known in which the pyrolysis residue obtained from a pyrolysis reactor after grinding through a sieve into a coarser coarse fraction (inorganic substances such as metals, ceramics, glass) and a finer coarse fraction (high proportion of carbon-containing components) is separated.
  • the metals are separated from the coarser coarse fraction.
  • the finer coarse fraction is burned together with coal in a further comminuted form in a combustion chamber and is used thermally in this way.
  • the carbonization gas produced during pyrolysis from which oils and tars with a high boiling point were initially removed in a condenser, is also fed to the combustion chamber.
  • the combustion chamber in the known system is the combustion chamber of a conventional coal combustion system, and that the combustion chamber is part of a steam generator. Because of the usual cooling in such a system Combustion chamber walls are to be feared that pollutants from the combustion of the pyrolysis gas as well as from the combustion of the pyrolysis residue can at least partially pass through the incineration plant used and be released into the environment (air, special landfills, earth, water). This applies, for example, to organic pollutants, but also to heavy metal oxides such as cadmium, zinc, mercury and thallium oxide. None is said in this document about the use of the combustion chamber residues.
  • the object of the invention is to keep the heating device of the carbonization device completely or largely free of corrosion. Furthermore, the conversion of environmentally harmful gases into those with a low pollutant content should be made possible. This is to be achieved with structurally simple means.
  • the combustion chamber is provided with an afterburning chamber, that the heating gas for the smoldering device is passed in a closed circuit through the smoldering device and a heat exchanger on the afterburning chamber, that the afterburning chamber is provided on the inside with a lining which is suitable for a flue gas temperature of 1200 ° C or above is designed, and that the residence time of the flue gases in a residence zone in the combustion chamber and the afterburner chamber is 1 to 5 seconds.
  • the retention zone can extend up to or into the area of the afterburning chamber cooled by the heat exchanger.
  • a first preferred embodiment is characterized in that the combustion chamber and the afterburning chamber are aligned in a straight line, and in that the heat exchanger is arranged at the lower end of the afterburning chamber.
  • a second preferred embodiment is characterized in that the afterburning chamber is U-shaped and has a first leg and a second leg connected to the combustion chamber, and in that the heat exchanger is arranged on the second leg, preferably at the end thereof.
  • the residence zone lies in the afterburning chamber, in each case - in the direction of flow of the flue gases - in front of the heat exchanger.
  • the system according to the invention ensures that the in the afterburning chamber with a temperature of over 1200 ° C, e.g. 1400 ° C entering pollutant-laden gases with a residence time of 1-5 sec, preferably 2 sec, at a temperature of 1200 ° C and above. During this dwell time, the high-molecular organic harmful gas constituents are broken down into low-molecular gas components. Furthermore, there is the advantage that the heat extracted from the flue gas of the afterburning chamber benefits the smoldering process in that the heating gas of the smoldering device is heated in the afterburning chamber. This takes place in a closed circuit between the smoldering device and the heat exchanger of the afterburning chamber, so that corrosion in the parts of this circuit in contact with the heating gas is avoided.
  • a pyrolysis drum is used as the pyrolysis reactor or carbonization device 1, to which the material (waste) G to be carbonized is fed via a screw 2.
  • the smoldered material namely carbonization gas s and solid pyrolysis residue r, leaves the carbonization drum 1 in the direction of arrow 3 via a discharge device 3A.
  • the heating gas h required for the smoldering process passes into the drum 1 via a feed 4, and is discharged from there via a discharge 5.
  • a main or high-temperature combustion chamber 18, which is preferably arranged upright, is assigned to the smoldering device 1 together with the discharge device 3A via lines 3R, 3S. Your burner is charged with the carbonization gas s and additionally with the pyrolysis residue r comminuted in a residue preparation plant 26 and discharged by a screw 27.
  • An associated afterburning chamber, designated 8, is arranged in a straight line below it.
  • the pollutant-laden flue gases predominantly enter the afterburning chamber 8 from the high-temperature combustion chamber 18 (alternatively: from another source) in the direction of the arrow 9. They leave the afterburning chamber 8 through a nozzle 10 in the direction of the arrow 11.
  • the heat exchanger 10 is a heat recovery steam generator 30 and this is followed by a flue gas filter 32 and a flue gas cleaning system (not shown). Airborne dust can be removed from both systems 30, 32, which is indicated by arrows 34 and 36, respectively.
  • the afterburning chamber 8 is provided at the lower end with a slag outlet or discharge 40 for the automatic drainage of molten slag. The slag is passed into a water bath 42, where it solidifies into a glass-like substance.
  • a heat exchanger provided with the general reference number 12 is arranged at the lower region of the afterburning chamber 8.
  • a line 7a opens, which is fed from the trigger 5 via a line 7. It feeds the heat exchanger 12, preferably air, an inert gas or the like, to the heat exchanger 12 via the upper feed pipe 22 from the heating gas outlet 5 of the smoldering device 1.
  • This heating gas h is fed from the lower discharge pipe 23 under the action of a fan 28 via lines 6 and 6a back to the entrance of the carbonization drum 1.
  • a closed circuit is thus provided via the carbonization device 1, the lines 7 and 7a, the heat exchanger 12 and the lines 6a and 6.
  • the flue gases enter in the direction of arrow 9 at a temperature of over 1200 ° C., for example at approximately 1400 ° C., into the upper section 8a of the afterburning chamber 8. They have a low flow rate, for example of about 2-4 m / sec, so that, taking into account the diameter of the afterburning chamber 8, the gases have a residence time in the afterburning chamber 8 of 1 to 5 seconds, preferably 2 seconds, before cooling at or below 1200 ° C.
  • the corresponding dwell is designated S.
  • the length or height of the afterburning chamber 8 is chosen here in such a way that, given the speed of the gases in the afterburning chamber 8, the above-mentioned dwell time of 1 to 5 seconds before entry into the heat exchanger 12 is ensured.
  • temperature measuring devices 14 can be provided, of which only the lowest temperature measuring device 14b is shown in the lower section 8b of the afterburning chamber 8.
  • the heat exchanger 12 itself can be designed as a cylindrical ring part with an outer wall 15 and an inner wall 16, the inner wall 16 having a lining 17 forming the interior.
  • a bypass line 19 with a control valve 20 is provided between the two lines 6 and 7, for example in the vicinity of the afterburning chamber 8. This is preferably connected via a control line 21 to a temperature measuring device 14t.
  • the energy requirement of the pyrolysis reactor 1 is regulated via the bypass 19 and the valve 20.
  • the valve 20 controls a part of the inert circuit heating gas h of the line part 6a, for example at about 750 ° C., via the bypass line 19 in the line part 7a and the nozzle 22 of the heat exchanger 12. This part mixes with the heating gases of the smoldering device 1 arriving via the line 6 at a temperature of about 250 ° C.
  • the flue gas leaves the afterburning chamber 8 via the nozzle 10; it is used thermally in the downstream heat recovery steam generator 30.
  • the straight line arrangement of the combustion chamber 18 and the afterburning chamber 8 can be disadvantageous if a low overall height is important.
  • a U-shaped post-combustion chamber 8 can be used, as can be seen from FIG. 2.
  • the same components are given the same reference numerals as in FIG. 1.
  • the first leg 8a of the afterburning chamber 8 is connected in a straight line to the main combustion chamber 18.
  • the heat exchanger 12, which can again be cylindrical, is arranged on the second leg 8b, for example at the end thereof.
  • the discharge 40 for the molten slag lies at the lowest point between the legs 8a, 8b.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)

Abstract

The plant comprises a carbonisation device (1) and a combustion chamber (18) with a postcombustion chamber (8). The heating gas (h) for the carbonisation device (1), preferably an inert gas or air, is passed around a closed circulation and thus heated in a heat exchanger (12) on the postcombustion chamber (8). The inside lining (17) of the postcombustion chamber (8) is designed at least partially for a temperature of 1200 DEG C and higher. The residence time of the flue gases in a delay section (S) within the postcombustion chamber (8) is 1 to 5 seconds. Preferably, the delay section (S) is located before the heat exchanger (12), as viewed in the direction of flow of the flue gases. In this way, the flue gases are allowed to cool down inside the heat exchanger (12) to a temperature below 1200 DEG C, which is an advantage. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Anlage zur Entsorgung von Abfallstoffen mit einer Schwelvorrichtung und einer Brennkammer.The invention relates to a plant for the disposal of waste materials with a smoldering device and a combustion chamber.

Unter Abfallstoffen im Sinne der Erfindung werden Haus- und Industriemüll ebenso verstanden wie chemische Rückstände, die organische und anorganische Schadstoffe, wie Dioxine verschiedener Art, Furane, CnHm (mit n, m = 1, 2, 3...) etc., entwickeln.Waste materials within the meaning of the invention mean household and industrial waste as well as chemical residues containing organic and inorganic pollutants, such as various types of dioxins, furans, C n H m (with n, m = 1, 2, 3 ...) etc ., develop.

Es stehen Anlagen zur Verbrennung von Sondermüll in Gebrauch, bei denen einem Drehrohrofen (Brennkammer) eine Nachbrennkammer nachgeschaltet ist. In dieser Brennkammer herrscht eine Temperatur zwischen 1200 und 1400°C; darin ist eine Gasgeschwindigkeit von 2-4 m/sec feststellbar.Plants for the incineration of hazardous waste are in use, in which an afterburning chamber is connected downstream of a rotary kiln (combustion chamber). The temperature in this combustion chamber is between 1200 and 1400 ° C; a gas velocity of 2-4 m / sec can be determined.

Aus der GB-A-1562492 ist eine Anlage bekannt, bei der der aus einem Pyrolysereaktor gewonnene Pyrolysereststoff nach dem Zermahlen durch ein Sieb in einen gröberen Grobanteil (anorganische Stoffe wie Metalle, Keramik, Glas) und einen feineren Grobanteil (hoher Anteil kohlenstoffhaltiger Komponenten) getrennt wird. Aus dem gröberen Grobanteil werden die Metalle abgeschieden. Der feinere Grobanteil wird zusammen mit Kohle in weiter zerkleinerter Form in einer Brennkammer verbrannt und auf diese Weise thermisch genutzt. Der Brennkammer wird auch das bei der Pyrolyse entstehende Schwelgas, aus dem in einem Kondensator zunächst Öle und Teere mit hohem Siedepunkt entfernt wurden, zugeleitet. Anzumerken ist hier, daß die Brennkammer in der bekannten Anlage der Feuerraum einer herkömmlichen Verbrennungsanlage für Kohle ist, und daß die Brennkammer Teil eines Dampferzeugers ist. Wegen der in einer solchen Anlage üblichen Kühlung der Brennkammerwände ist zu befürchten, daß Schadstoffe sowohl aus der Verbrennung des Pyrolysegases als auch aus der Verbrennung des Pyrolysereststoffes die verwendete Verbrennungsanlage zumindest teilweise passieren können und an die Umgebung (Luft, Sonderdeponien, Erde, Wasser) abgegeben werden. Das gilt beispielsweise für organische Schadstoffe, aber auch für Schwermetalloxide wie Cadmium-, Zink-, Quecksilber- und Thalliumoxid. Über die Verwendung der Brennkammer-Reststoffe ist in dieser Druckschrift nichts ausgesagt.From GB-A-1562492 a system is known in which the pyrolysis residue obtained from a pyrolysis reactor after grinding through a sieve into a coarser coarse fraction (inorganic substances such as metals, ceramics, glass) and a finer coarse fraction (high proportion of carbon-containing components) is separated. The metals are separated from the coarser coarse fraction. The finer coarse fraction is burned together with coal in a further comminuted form in a combustion chamber and is used thermally in this way. The carbonization gas produced during pyrolysis, from which oils and tars with a high boiling point were initially removed in a condenser, is also fed to the combustion chamber. It should be noted here that the combustion chamber in the known system is the combustion chamber of a conventional coal combustion system, and that the combustion chamber is part of a steam generator. Because of the usual cooling in such a system Combustion chamber walls are to be feared that pollutants from the combustion of the pyrolysis gas as well as from the combustion of the pyrolysis residue can at least partially pass through the incineration plant used and be released into the environment (air, special landfills, earth, water). This applies, for example, to organic pollutants, but also to heavy metal oxides such as cadmium, zinc, mercury and thallium oxide. Nothing is said in this document about the use of the combustion chamber residues.

Ziel einer jeden Abfallentsorgung muß es sein, die Umweltbelastung mit Schadstoffen, welcher Art auch immer, möglichst gering zu halten.The goal of any waste disposal must be to keep the environmental impact of pollutants of any kind as low as possible.

Diesem Stand der Technik gegenüber besteht die Aufgabe der Erfindung darin, die Beheizungseinrichtung der Schwelvorrichtung ganz oder weitgehend korrosionsfrei zu halten. Weiter soll die die Umwandlung von umweltschädlichen Gasen in solche mit geringem Schadstoffgehalt ermöglicht werden. Dies soll mit konstruktiv einfachen Mitteln erreicht werden.Compared to this prior art, the object of the invention is to keep the heating device of the carbonization device completely or largely free of corrosion. Furthermore, the conversion of environmentally harmful gases into those with a low pollutant content should be made possible. This is to be achieved with structurally simple means.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, daß die Brennkammer mit einer Nachbrennkammer versehen ist, daß das Heizgas für die Schwelvorrichtung im geschlossenen Kreislauf durch die Schwelvorrichtung und einen Wärmetauscher an der Nachbrennkammer geführt wird, daß die Nachbrennkammer innenseitig mit einer Auskleidung versehen ist, die für eine Rauchgastemperatur von 1200°C oder darüber ausgelegt ist, und daß die Verweilzeit der Rauchgase in einer Verweilstrecke in der Brennkammer und der Nachbrennkammer 1 bis 5 sec beträgt. Die Verweilstrecke kann hierbei bis zu oder auch in den vom Wärmetauscher gekühlten Bereich der Nachbrennkammer hineinreichen.To solve this problem it is provided according to the invention that the combustion chamber is provided with an afterburning chamber, that the heating gas for the smoldering device is passed in a closed circuit through the smoldering device and a heat exchanger on the afterburning chamber, that the afterburning chamber is provided on the inside with a lining which is suitable for a flue gas temperature of 1200 ° C or above is designed, and that the residence time of the flue gases in a residence zone in the combustion chamber and the afterburner chamber is 1 to 5 seconds. The retention zone can extend up to or into the area of the afterburning chamber cooled by the heat exchanger.

Eine erste bevorzugte Ausführungsform zeichnet sich dadurch aus, daß die Brennkammer und die Nachbrennkammer in einer geraden Linie ausgerichtet sind, und daß der Wärmetauscher am unteren Ende der Nachbrennkammer angeordnet ist.A first preferred embodiment is characterized in that the combustion chamber and the afterburning chamber are aligned in a straight line, and in that the heat exchanger is arranged at the lower end of the afterburning chamber.

Eine zweite bevorzugte Ausführungsform zeichnet sich dadurch aus, daß die Nachbrennkammer U-förmig ausgebildet ist und einen an die Brennkammer angeschlossenen ersten Schenkel und einen zweiten Schenkel aufweist, und daß der Wärmetauscher am zweiten Schenkel, vorzugsweise an dessen Ende, angeordnet ist.A second preferred embodiment is characterized in that the afterburning chamber is U-shaped and has a first leg and a second leg connected to the combustion chamber, and in that the heat exchanger is arranged on the second leg, preferably at the end thereof.

In beiden Ausführungsformen liegt die Verweilstrecke in der Nachbrennkammer, und zwar jeweils ― in Strömungsrichtung der Rauchgase gesehen ― vor dem Wärmetauscher.In both embodiments, the residence zone lies in the afterburning chamber, in each case - in the direction of flow of the flue gases - in front of the heat exchanger.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind den Unteransprüchen zu entnehmen.Further advantageous refinements can be found in the subclaims.

Die erfindungsgemäße Anlage gewährleistet, daß die in die Nachbrennkammer mit einer Temperatur von über 1200°C, z.B. von ca. 1400°C eintretenden schadstoffbeladenen Gase bei einer Verweilzeit von 1-5 sec, vorzugsweise von 2 sec, bei einer Temperatur von 1200°C und darüber gehalten werden. Während dieser Verweilzeit werden die hochmolekularen organischen Schadgasinhaltstoffe in niedermolekulare Gasbestandteile aufgespalten. Weiterhin ergibt sich der Vorteil, daß die dem Rauchgas der Nachbrennkammer entzogene Wärme dem Schwelvorgang dadurch zugute kommt, daß das Heizgas der Schwelvorrichtung in der Nachbrennkammer erwärmt wird. Dies erfolgt in einem geschlossenen Kreislauf zwischen der Schwelvorrichtung und dem Wärmetauscher der Nachbrennkammer, so daß eine Korrosion in den heizgasberührten Teilen dieses Kreislaufs vermieden wird.The system according to the invention ensures that the in the afterburning chamber with a temperature of over 1200 ° C, e.g. 1400 ° C entering pollutant-laden gases with a residence time of 1-5 sec, preferably 2 sec, at a temperature of 1200 ° C and above. During this dwell time, the high-molecular organic harmful gas constituents are broken down into low-molecular gas components. Furthermore, there is the advantage that the heat extracted from the flue gas of the afterburning chamber benefits the smoldering process in that the heating gas of the smoldering device is heated in the afterburning chamber. This takes place in a closed circuit between the smoldering device and the heat exchanger of the afterburning chamber, so that corrosion in the parts of this circuit in contact with the heating gas is avoided.

Ausführungsbeispiele der erfindungsgemäßen Anlage sind in zwei Figuren dargestellt, und zwar zeigt

Fig. 1
die Zuordnung einer Schwelvorrichtung zu einer Brennkammer mit Nachbrennkammer in geradliniger Anordnung und
Fig. 2
die Zuordnung bei U-förmiger Nachbrennkammer.

Embodiments of the system according to the invention are shown in two figures, and that shows
Fig. 1
the assignment of a smoldering device to a combustion chamber with an afterburning chamber in a linear arrangement and
Fig. 2
the assignment for a U-shaped afterburner.

Im Beispiel nach Fig. 1 dient als Pyrolysereaktor oder Schwelvorrichtung 1 eine Schweltrommel, der das zu verschwelende Gut (Abfall) G über eine Schnecke 2 zugeführt wird. Das verschwelte Gut, nämlich Schwelgas s und fester Pyrolysereststoff r, verläßt in Richtung des Pfeils 3 die Schweltrommel l über eine Austragsvorrichtung 3A. Das für den Schwelvorgang benötigte Heizgas h gelangt über eine Zuführung 4 in die Trommel 1, und es wird von dort über einen Abzug 5 abgeführt.In the example according to FIG. 1, a pyrolysis drum is used as the pyrolysis reactor or carbonization device 1, to which the material (waste) G to be carbonized is fed via a screw 2. The smoldered material, namely carbonization gas s and solid pyrolysis residue r, leaves the carbonization drum 1 in the direction of arrow 3 via a discharge device 3A. The heating gas h required for the smoldering process passes into the drum 1 via a feed 4, and is discharged from there via a discharge 5.

Der Schwelvorrichtung 1 samt Austragsvorrichtung 3A ist über Leitungen 3R, 3S eine Haupt- oder Hochtemperatur-Brennkammer 18 zugeordnet, die vorzugsweise stehend angeordnet ist. Ihr Brenner ist mit dem Schwelgas s und zusätzlich mit dem in einer Reststoffaufbereitungsanlage 26 zerkleinerten, von einer Schnecke 27 ausgetragenen Pyrolysereststoff r beaufschlagt. Eine zugehörige Nachbrennkammer, die mit 8 bezeichnet ist, ist geradlinig darunter angeordnet. In die Nachbrennkammer 8 gelangen die schadstoffbeladenen Rauchgase vorwiegend aus der Hochtemperatur-Brennkammer 18 (alternativ: aus anderer Quelle) in Richtung des Pfeiles 9. Sie verlassen die Nachbrennkammer 8 durch einen Stutzen 10 in Richtung des Pfeiles 11. Dem Stutzen 10 ist ein Abhitzedampferzeuger 30 und diesem ein Rauchgasfilter 32 und eine (nicht gezeigte) Rauchgasreinigungsanlage nachgeordnet. An beiden Anlagen 30, 32 kann Flugstaub abgenommen werden, was durch Pfeile 34 bzw. 36 gekennzeichnet ist. Die Nachbrennkammer 8 ist am unteren Ende mit einem Schlackenauslauf oder Austrag 40 zum selbsttätigen Ablauf schmelzflüssiger Schlacke versehen. Die Schlacke wird in ein Wasserbad 42 geleitet, wo sie zu einer glasartigen Substanz erstarrt.A main or high-temperature combustion chamber 18, which is preferably arranged upright, is assigned to the smoldering device 1 together with the discharge device 3A via lines 3R, 3S. Your burner is charged with the carbonization gas s and additionally with the pyrolysis residue r comminuted in a residue preparation plant 26 and discharged by a screw 27. An associated afterburning chamber, designated 8, is arranged in a straight line below it. The pollutant-laden flue gases predominantly enter the afterburning chamber 8 from the high-temperature combustion chamber 18 (alternatively: from another source) in the direction of the arrow 9. They leave the afterburning chamber 8 through a nozzle 10 in the direction of the arrow 11. The heat exchanger 10 is a heat recovery steam generator 30 and this is followed by a flue gas filter 32 and a flue gas cleaning system (not shown). Airborne dust can be removed from both systems 30, 32, which is indicated by arrows 34 and 36, respectively. The afterburning chamber 8 is provided at the lower end with a slag outlet or discharge 40 for the automatic drainage of molten slag. The slag is passed into a water bath 42, where it solidifies into a glass-like substance.

Am unteren Bereich der Nachbrennkammer 8 ist ein mit der allgemeinen Bezugsziffer 12 versehener Wärmetauscher angeordnet. In diesen mündet eine Leitung 7a, die aus dem Abzug 5 über eine Leitung 7 gespeist wird. Sie führt dem Wärmetauscher 12 über den oberen Zuleitungs-Stutzen 22 aus dem Heizgasabzug 5 der Schwelvorrichtung 1 kommendes Heizgas h, vorzugsweise Luft, ein Inertgas oder dergleichen, zu. Dieses Heizgas h wird aus dem unteren Ableitungs-Stutzen 23 unter der Wirkung eines Gebläses 28 über Leitungen 6 und 6a wieder dem Eingang der Schweltrommel 1 zugeführt. Somit ist ein geschlossener Kreislauf über die Schwelvorrichtung 1, die Leitungen 7 und 7a, dem Wärmetauscher 12 und die Leitungen 6a und 6 gegeben. Hierdurch kann die Korrosionsanfälligkeit der genannten heizgasberührten Teile klein gehalten werden.A heat exchanger provided with the general reference number 12 is arranged at the lower region of the afterburning chamber 8. In this a line 7a opens, which is fed from the trigger 5 via a line 7. It feeds the heat exchanger 12, preferably air, an inert gas or the like, to the heat exchanger 12 via the upper feed pipe 22 from the heating gas outlet 5 of the smoldering device 1. This heating gas h is fed from the lower discharge pipe 23 under the action of a fan 28 via lines 6 and 6a back to the entrance of the carbonization drum 1. A closed circuit is thus provided via the carbonization device 1, the lines 7 and 7a, the heat exchanger 12 and the lines 6a and 6. As a result, the susceptibility to corrosion of the parts in contact with the hot gas mentioned can be kept low.

Die Rauchgase treten in Richtung des Pfeiles 9 mit einer Temperatur von über 1200°C, z.B. mit ca. 1400°C, in den oberen Abschnitt 8a der Nachbrennkammer 8 ein. Sie haben eine niedrige Strömungsgeschwindigkeit, z.B. von etwa 2-4 m/sec, so daß bei Berücksichtigung des Durchmessers der Nachbrennkammer 8 eine Verweilzeit der Gase in der Nachbrennkammer 8 von 1 bis 5 sec, vorzugsweise von 2 sec, gegeben ist, bevor eine Abkühlung auf oder unter 1200°C erfolgt. Die entsprechende Verweilstrecke ist mit S bezeichnet. Die Länge bzw. Höhe der Nachbrennkammer 8 ist hier derart gewählt, daß bei der gegebenen Geschwindigkeit der Gase in der Nachbrennkammer 8 die genannte Verweilzeit von 1 bis 5 sec vor dem Eintritt in den Wärmetauscher 12 gewährleistet ist. Hierbei ist es gleichgültig, ob dann später im Wärmetauscher 12 die Temperatur des Gases auf 1200°C oder weniger herabgesunken ist; wesentlich ist nur, daß die Verweilzeit von 1 bis 5 sec bei ca. 1200°C eingehalten wird. Dies bedeutet, daß die Länge der Nachbrennkammer 8 einerseits und die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit der Gase innerhalb derselben andererseits so gewählt werden, daß die vorstehend gennanten Parameter (Verweilzeit und Temperatur) eingehalten werden.The flue gases enter in the direction of arrow 9 at a temperature of over 1200 ° C., for example at approximately 1400 ° C., into the upper section 8a of the afterburning chamber 8. They have a low flow rate, for example of about 2-4 m / sec, so that, taking into account the diameter of the afterburning chamber 8, the gases have a residence time in the afterburning chamber 8 of 1 to 5 seconds, preferably 2 seconds, before cooling at or below 1200 ° C. The corresponding dwell is designated S. The length or height of the afterburning chamber 8 is chosen here in such a way that, given the speed of the gases in the afterburning chamber 8, the above-mentioned dwell time of 1 to 5 seconds before entry into the heat exchanger 12 is ensured. It does not matter whether the temperature of the gas in the heat exchanger 12 has subsequently dropped to 1200 ° C. or less; it is only essential that the residence time of 1 to 5 seconds is maintained at about 1200 ° C. This means that the length of the afterburning chamber 8, on the one hand, and the flow rate of the gases within it, on the other hand, are selected such that the above-mentioned parameters (residence time and temperature) are observed.

Sinkt die Rauchgastemperatur außerhalb der Verweilstrecke S auf unter 1000°C, so tritt ein "Einfrieren" der Schlacketropfen auf. Wegen der senkrechten, gradlinigen Anordnung ist aber auch dann kein "Anbacken" an den Innenwänden der Nachbrennkammer 8 zu befürchten. Schlacke tropft von der Tropfkante am Ende der Brennkammer 18 frei über den Austrag 40 in das Wasserbad 42. Als Vorteil ist auch anzusehen, daß Schlacke und Gasströmungsrichtung in der Nachbrennkammer 8 gleich sind.If the flue gas temperature outside the residence zone S drops to below 1000 ° C, the slag drops "freeze". Because of the vertical, straight-line arrangement, there is also no fear of "caking" on the inner walls of the afterburning chamber 8. Slag drips freely from the drip edge at the end of the combustion chamber 18 via the discharge 40 into the water bath 42. Another advantage is that the slag and gas flow direction in the afterburning chamber 8 are the same.

Zur Kontrolle der Temperaturführung in den einzelnen Bereichen der Nachbrennkammer 8 können Temperaturmeßeinrichtungen 14 vorgesehen werden, von denen nur die unterste Temperaturmeßeinrichtung 14b im unteren Abschnitt 8b der Nachbrennkammer 8 gezeigt ist.To control the temperature control in the individual areas of the afterburning chamber 8, temperature measuring devices 14 can be provided, of which only the lowest temperature measuring device 14b is shown in the lower section 8b of the afterburning chamber 8.

Der Wärmetauscher 12 selbst kann als zylindrisches Ringteil mit einer Außenwand 15 sowie einer Innenwand 16 ausgebildet sein, wobei die Innenwand 16 eine den Innenraum bildende Auskleidung 17 besitzt.The heat exchanger 12 itself can be designed as a cylindrical ring part with an outer wall 15 and an inner wall 16, the inner wall 16 having a lining 17 forming the interior.

Da die Temperatur der Gase aus der Brennkammer 18, die in Richtung des Pfeiles 9 in die Nachbrennkammer 8 strömen, unterschiedlich ausfallen kann, und da bei bestimmter Strömungsgeschwindigkeit die gewünschte Verweilzeit in der Nachbrennkammer 8, und zwar bis zum oder bis in den Bereich des Wärmeaustauschers 12, einzuhalten ist, ist zwischen den beiden Leitungen 6 und 7, beispielsweise in Nähe der Nachbrennkammer 8, eine Bypassleitung 19 mit einem Steuerventil 20 vorgesehen. Dies steht vorzugsweise über eine Steuerleitung 21 mit einer Temperaturmeßeinrichtung 14t in Verbindung. Über den Bypaß 19 und das Ventil 20 wird der Energiebedarf des Pyrolysereaktors 1 geregelt. Läßt die Temperaturmeßeinrichtung 14t erkennen, daß in der Zuführung 4 die vorgegebene Temperatur unterschritten wird, so steuert das Ventil 20 einen Teil des z.B. auf etwa 750°C liegenden inerten Kreislauf-Heizgases h des Leitungsteils 6a über die Bypassleitung 19 in den Leitungsteil 7a und den Stutzen 22 des Wärmetauschers 12. Dieser Teil mischt sich mit den über die Leitung 6 mit einer Temperatur von etwa 250°C ankommenden Heizgasen der Schwelvorrichtung 1. Das Rauchgas verläßt die Nachbrennkammer 8 über den Stutzen 10; es wird in dem nachgeschalteten Abhitzedampferzeuger 30 thermisch genutzt.Since the temperature of the gases from the combustion chamber 18, which flow in the direction of arrow 9 into the afterburning chamber 8, can be different, and since the desired dwell time in the afterburning chamber 8 at a certain flow rate, up to or in the region of the heat exchanger 12, is to be maintained, a bypass line 19 with a control valve 20 is provided between the two lines 6 and 7, for example in the vicinity of the afterburning chamber 8. This is preferably connected via a control line 21 to a temperature measuring device 14t. The energy requirement of the pyrolysis reactor 1 is regulated via the bypass 19 and the valve 20. If the temperature measuring device 14t shows that the temperature in the feed line 4 is below the predetermined value, the valve 20 controls a part of the inert circuit heating gas h of the line part 6a, for example at about 750 ° C., via the bypass line 19 in the line part 7a and the nozzle 22 of the heat exchanger 12. This part mixes with the heating gases of the smoldering device 1 arriving via the line 6 at a temperature of about 250 ° C. The flue gas leaves the afterburning chamber 8 via the nozzle 10; it is used thermally in the downstream heat recovery steam generator 30.

Die geradlinige Anordnung der Brennkammer 18 und der Nachbrennkammer 8 kann von Nachteil sein, wenn es auf eine geringe Bauhöhe ankommt. In diesem Fall kann eine U-förmig gestaltete Nachbrennkammer 8 verwendet werden, wie aus Fig. 2 hervorgeht. Gleiche Bauteile sind mit denselben Bezugszeichen belegt wie in Fig. 1. In diesem Fall ist der erste Schenkel 8a der Nachbrennkammer 8 geradlinig mit der Hauptbrennkammer 18 verbunden. Der Wärmetauscher 12, der wieder zylindrisch ausgeführt sein kann, ist am zweiten Schenkel 8b, beispielsweise an dessen Ende, angeordnet. Zwischen den Schenkeln 8a, 8b liegt am tiefsten Punkt der Austrag 40 für die schmelzflüssige Schlacke. Auch bei der in Fig. 2 gezeigten Ausführungsform ergibt sich der Vorteil, daß innerhalb des Wärmetauschers 12 die Rauchgase auf z.B. 900 bis 1200°C abgekühlt werden können, ohne daß dies nachteilige Folgen für die Verweilstrecke S am Eingang hätte.The straight line arrangement of the combustion chamber 18 and the afterburning chamber 8 can be disadvantageous if a low overall height is important. In this case, a U-shaped post-combustion chamber 8 can be used, as can be seen from FIG. 2. The same components are given the same reference numerals as in FIG. 1. In this case, the first leg 8a of the afterburning chamber 8 is connected in a straight line to the main combustion chamber 18. The heat exchanger 12, which can again be cylindrical, is arranged on the second leg 8b, for example at the end thereof. The discharge 40 for the molten slag lies at the lowest point between the legs 8a, 8b. Also in the embodiment shown in Fig. 2 there is the advantage that within the heat exchanger 12 the flue gases on e.g. 900 to 1200 ° C can be cooled without this having adverse consequences for the dwell S at the entrance.

Claims (6)

1. A unit for removing waste materials with a [low-temperature] carbonizing device and a combustion chamber,
characterised in that the combustion chamber (18) is provided with an secondary combustion chamber (8), in that the hot gas (h) for the carbonizing device (1) is guided in the closed circuit through the [low-temperature] carbonizing device (1) and a heat exchanger (12) to the secondary combustion chamber (8), in that the secondary combustion chamber (8) is provided on the ineide with a coating (17), which is designed for a flue gas temperature of 1200°C or over, and in that the dwell tire of the flue gases in a dwell section(s) in the combustion chamber (18) and the secondary combustion chamber (8) amounts to 1 to 5 seconds.
2. A unit according to claim 1, characterised in that the heat exchanger (12) is integrated into the wall of the secondary combustion chamber (8).
3. A unit according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the heat exchanger (12) has an upper supply line and a lower discharge line (22, 23) for the hot gas (h).
4. A unit according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the combustion chamber (18) and the secondary combustion chamber (8) are aligned in a straight line and in that the heat exchanger (12) is arranged on the lower end of the secondary combustion chamber (8) (Figure 1).
5. A unit according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the secondary combustion chamber (8) is formed in a U-shape, and has a first side arm (8a) connected to the combustion chamber (18) and a second side arm (8b) and in that the heat exchanger (12) is arranged in the second side piece (8b), preferably on its end (Figure 2).
6. A unit according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the secondary combustion chamber (8) on the lower part is provided with a throughput (40) for the automatic outlet of fusible slag.
EP89107049A 1988-05-04 1989-04-19 Plant for the disposal of waste materials Expired - Lifetime EP0340537B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89107049T ATE68814T1 (en) 1988-05-04 1989-04-19 WASTE DISPOSAL PLANT.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3815186 1988-05-04
DE3815186 1988-05-04

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EP0340537A1 EP0340537A1 (en) 1989-11-08
EP0340537B1 true EP0340537B1 (en) 1991-10-23

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EP89107049A Expired - Lifetime EP0340537B1 (en) 1988-05-04 1989-04-19 Plant for the disposal of waste materials

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EP (1) EP0340537B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE68814T1 (en)
DE (1) DE58900393D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2026712T3 (en)
GR (1) GR3003521T3 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3804853A1 (en) * 1988-02-03 1989-08-17 Gutehoffnungshuette Man Plant for the smoldering of waste materials
DE4100859A1 (en) * 1990-07-25 1992-02-06 Siemens Ag Disposal plant for domestic, industrial, chemical and other waste - includes low temp. carbonisation arrangement and has heat exchanger unaffected by slag
EP0495766A3 (en) * 1991-01-14 1992-12-23 Tbr Gesellschaft F. Techn. Bodenreinigung Ges.M.B.H. Method for the utilization of residual material from pyrolysis and of pyrolysis gas
DE4103605A1 (en) * 1991-02-07 1992-08-13 Siemens Ag METHOD AND DEVICE FOR HEATING A SCHWELT DRUM
DE4104507C2 (en) * 1991-02-14 1997-08-07 Elsner Emil Dr Ing Method and device for processing waste materials, in particular domestic waste, into a combustible gas mixture, metals and slag
DE4107200A1 (en) * 1991-03-06 1992-09-10 Siemens Ag Thermal redn. of industrial waste - by removing organic and inorganic material using low temp. distn. reactor, and treating waste material of low heat value
US5935387A (en) * 1992-02-17 1999-08-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method and device for heating a low temperature carbonization drum and low temperature carbonization/combustion plant having the device
RU2076501C1 (en) * 1995-05-15 1997-03-27 Акционерное общество закрытого типа "РОБЕНТЕХ" METHOD FOR PROCESSING RUBBER WASTE
CN112762459B (en) * 2020-12-22 2023-05-23 无锡市阳泰环境科技有限公司 Device and method for eliminating dioxin in fly ash

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1562492A (en) * 1976-08-02 1980-03-12 Foster Wheeler Power Prod Pyrolysis of waste
DE3039469C2 (en) * 1980-10-18 1985-06-05 Heinz Dipl.-Ing. 4390 Gladbeck Hölter Process for energetic use of rock with coal inclusions and / or normal coal
US4395958A (en) * 1981-12-21 1983-08-02 Industronics, Inc. Incineration system
DE3400976A1 (en) * 1984-01-13 1985-08-01 Saarberg-Hölter-Umwelttechnik GmbH, 6600 Saarbrücken Energy system for environmentally friendly refuse degassing or coal-refuse degassing with following fluidised bed furnace and integrated low temperature carbonisation gas combustion chamber and heat exchanger

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ATE68814T1 (en) 1991-11-15
DE58900393D1 (en) 1991-11-28
EP0340537A1 (en) 1989-11-08
GR3003521T3 (en) 1993-03-16
ES2026712T3 (en) 1992-05-01

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