EP0340537A1 - Plant for the disposal of waste materials - Google Patents

Plant for the disposal of waste materials Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0340537A1
EP0340537A1 EP19890107049 EP89107049A EP0340537A1 EP 0340537 A1 EP0340537 A1 EP 0340537A1 EP 19890107049 EP19890107049 EP 19890107049 EP 89107049 A EP89107049 A EP 89107049A EP 0340537 A1 EP0340537 A1 EP 0340537A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
heat exchanger
combustion chamber
afterburning chamber
afterburning
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP19890107049
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0340537B1 (en
Inventor
Karl-Wolfgang May
Frohmut Vollhardt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Takuma Co Ltd
Mitsui Engineering and Shipbuilding Co Ltd
Original Assignee
MAN Gutehoffnungshutte GmbH
Siemens AG
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Publication date
Application filed by MAN Gutehoffnungshutte GmbH, Siemens AG filed Critical MAN Gutehoffnungshutte GmbH
Priority to AT89107049T priority Critical patent/ATE68814T1/en
Publication of EP0340537A1 publication Critical patent/EP0340537A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0340537B1 publication Critical patent/EP0340537B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F23G5/0273—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage using indirect heating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
    • F23G2201/302—Treating pyrosolids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
    • F23G2201/303—Burning pyrogases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
    • F23G2201/304—Burning pyrosolids

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a plant for the disposal of waste materials with a smoldering device and a combustion chamber.
  • Plants for the incineration of hazardous waste are in use, in which an afterburning chamber is connected downstream of a rotary kiln (combustion chamber).
  • the temperature in this combustion chamber is between 1200 and 1400 ° C; a gas velocity of 2 - 4 m / sec can be determined.
  • the combustion chamber in the known system is the combustion chamber of a conventional coal combustion system and that the combustion chamber is part of a steam generator. Because of the usual cooling in such a system Combustion chamber walls are to be feared that pollutants from the combustion of the pyrolysis gas as well as from the combustion of the pyrolysis residues can at least partially pass through the incineration plant used and be released into the environment (air, special landfills, earth, water). This applies, for example, to organic pollutants, but also to heavy metal oxides such as cadmium, zinc, mercury and thallium oxide. None is said in this document about the use of the combustion chamber residues.
  • the aim of any waste disposal must be to keep the environmental impact of pollutants of any kind as low as possible.
  • the object of the invention is to keep the heating device of the carbonization device completely or largely free of corrosion. Furthermore, the conversion of environmentally harmful gases into those with a low pollutant content should be made possible. This is to be achieved with structurally simple means.
  • the combustion chamber is provided with an afterburning chamber, that the heating gas for the smoldering device is passed in a closed circuit through the smoldering device and a heat exchanger on the afterburning chamber, that the afterburning chamber is provided on the inside with a lining which is suitable for a flue gas temperature of 1200 ° C or above is designed, and that the residence time of the flue gases in a residence zone in the combustion chamber and the afterburner chamber is 1 to 5 seconds.
  • the retention zone can extend up to or into the area of the afterburning chamber cooled by the heat exchanger.
  • a first preferred embodiment is characterized in that the combustion chamber and the afterburning chamber are aligned in a straight line, and in that the heat exchanger is arranged at the lower end of the afterburning chamber.
  • a second preferred embodiment is characterized in that the afterburning chamber is U-shaped and has a first leg and a second leg connected to the combustion chamber, and in that the heat exchanger is arranged on the second leg, preferably at the end thereof.
  • the residence zone lies in the afterburning chamber, in each case - in the direction of flow of the flue gases - in front of the heat exchanger.
  • the system according to the invention ensures that the in the afterburning chamber with a temperature of over 1200 ° C, for. B. from about 1400 ° C entering pollutant-laden gases with a residence time of 1 - 5 sec, preferably 2 sec, at a temperature of 1200 ° C and above. During this dwell time, the high-molecular organic harmful gas constituents are broken down into low-molecular gas components. Furthermore, there is the advantage that the heat extracted from the flue gas of the afterburning chamber benefits the smoldering process in that the heating gas of the smoldering device is heated in the afterburning chamber. This takes place in a closed circuit between the smoldering device and the heat exchanger of the afterburning chamber, so that corrosion in the parts of this circuit in contact with the heating gas is avoided.
  • a carbonization drum serves as the pyrolysis reactor or carbonization device 1, and the material (waste) G to be carbonized is fed via a screw 2.
  • the smoldered material namely carbonization gas s and solid pyrolysis residue r, leaves the carbonization drum 1 in the direction of arrow 3 via a discharge device 3A.
  • the heating gas h required for the smoldering process passes into the drum 1 via a feed 4, and is discharged from there via a discharge 5.
  • a main or high-temperature combustion chamber 18, which is preferably arranged upright, is assigned to the smoldering device 1 together with the discharge device 3A via lines 3R, 3S. Your burner is charged with the carbonization gas s and additionally with the pyrolysis residue r comminuted in a residue preparation plant 26 and discharged by a screw 27.
  • An associated afterburning chamber, designated 8, is arranged in a straight line below it.
  • the pollutant-laden flue gases predominantly enter the afterburning chamber 8 from the high-temperature combustion chamber 18 (alternatively: from another source) in the direction of the arrow 9. They leave the afterburning chamber 8 through a nozzle 10 in the direction of the arrow 11.
  • the heat exchanger 10 is a heat recovery steam generator 30 and this is followed by a flue gas filter 32 and a flue gas cleaning system (not shown). Airborne dust can be removed from both systems 30, 32, which is indicated by arrows 34 and 36, respectively.
  • the afterburning chamber 8 is provided at the lower end with a slag discharge or discharge 40 for the automatic discharge of molten slag. The slag is passed into a water bath 42, where it solidifies into a glass-like substance.
  • a heat exchanger provided with the general reference number 12 is arranged at the lower region of the afterburning chamber 8.
  • a line 7a opens, which is fed from the trigger 5 via a line 7. It feeds the heat exchanger 12, preferably air, an inert gas or the like, to the heat exchanger 12 via the upper feed pipe 22 from the heating gas outlet 5 of the smoldering device 1.
  • This heating gas h is fed from the lower discharge pipe 23 under the action of a blower 28 via lines 6 and 6a back to the entrance of the smoldering drum 1.
  • a closed circuit is thus provided via the carbonization device 1, the lines 7 and 7a, the heat exchanger 12 and the lines 6a and 6.
  • the flue gases occur in the direction of arrow 9 with a temperature of over 1200 ° C, for. B. at about 1400 ° C, in the upper section 8a of the afterburner 8. They have a low flow rate, e.g. B. of about 2-4 m / sec, so that taking into account the diameter of the afterburning chamber 8, a residence time of the gases in the afterburning chamber 8 of 1 to 5 seconds, preferably of 2 seconds, is given before cooling to or below 1200 ° C is done.
  • the corresponding dwell is designated S.
  • the length L or height of the afterburning chamber 8 is chosen here in such a way that given the speed of the gases in the afterburning chamber 8, the above-mentioned dwell time of 1 to 5 seconds before entry into the heat exchanger 12 is ensured. It is immaterial whether the temperature of the gas in the heat exchanger 12 has subsequently dropped to 1200 ° C. or less; it is only important that the residence time of 1 to 5 seconds is maintained at approx. 1200 ° C. This means that the length L of the heat exchanger 8, on the one hand, and the flow velocity of the gases within the same, on the other hand, are selected so that the above-mentioned parameters (residence time and temperature) are observed.
  • temperature measuring devices 14 can be provided, of which only the lowest temperature measuring device 14b is shown in the lower section 8b of the afterburning chamber 8.
  • the heat exchanger 12 itself can be designed as a cylindrical ring part with an outer wall 15 and an inner wall 16, the inner wall 16 having a lining 17 forming the interior.
  • a bypass line 19 with a control valve 20 is provided between the two lines 6 and 7, for example in the vicinity of the afterburning chamber 8. This is preferably connected via a control line 21 to a temperature measuring device 14t.
  • the energy requirement of the pyrolysis reactor 1 is regulated via the bypass 19 and the valve 20. If the temperature measuring device 14t recognizes that the temperature falls below the predetermined temperature in the feed 4, the valve 20 controls part of the z. B.
  • the straight line arrangement of the combustion chamber 18 and the afterburning chamber 8 can be disadvantageous if a low overall height is important.
  • a U-shaped post-combustion chamber 8 can be used, as can be seen from FIG. 2.
  • the same components are given the same reference numerals as in FIG. 1.
  • the first leg 8a of the afterburning chamber 8 is connected in a straight line to the main combustion chamber 18.
  • the heat exchanger 12, which can again be cylindrical, is arranged on the second leg 8b, for example at the end thereof.
  • the discharge 40 for the molten slag lies at the lowest point between the legs 8a, 8b.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

The plant comprises a carbonisation device (1) and a combustion chamber (18) with a postcombustion chamber (8). The heating gas (h) for the carbonisation device (1), preferably an inert gas or air, is passed around a closed circulation and thus heated in a heat exchanger (12) on the postcombustion chamber (8). The inside lining (17) of the postcombustion chamber (8) is designed at least partially for a temperature of 1200 DEG C and higher. The residence time of the flue gases in a delay section (S) within the postcombustion chamber (8) is 1 to 5 seconds. Preferably, the delay section (S) is located before the heat exchanger (12), as viewed in the direction of flow of the flue gases. In this way, the flue gases are allowed to cool down inside the heat exchanger (12) to a temperature below 1200 DEG C, which is an advantage. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Anlage zur Entsorgung von Abfall­stoffen mit einer Schwelvorrichtung und einer Brennkammer.The invention relates to a plant for the disposal of waste materials with a smoldering device and a combustion chamber.

Unter Abfallstoffen im Sinne der Erfindung werden Haus- und Industriemüll ebenso verstanden wie chemische Rückstände, die organische und anorganische Schadstoffe, wie Dioxine verschie­dener Art, Furane, CnHm (mit n, m = 1, 2, 3 ...) etc., ent­wickeln.Waste materials in the sense of the invention mean household and industrial waste as well as chemical residues containing organic and inorganic pollutants, such as various types of dioxins, furans, C n H m (with n, m = 1, 2, 3 ...) etc ., develop.

Es stehen Anlagen zur Verbrennung von Sondermüll in Gebrauch, bei denen einem Drehrohrofen (Brennkammer) eine Nachbrennkammer nachgeschaltet ist. In dieser Brennkammer herrscht eine Tempera­tur zwischen 1200 und 1400 °C; darin ist eine Gasgeschwindig­keit von 2 - 4 m/sec feststellbar.Plants for the incineration of hazardous waste are in use, in which an afterburning chamber is connected downstream of a rotary kiln (combustion chamber). The temperature in this combustion chamber is between 1200 and 1400 ° C; a gas velocity of 2 - 4 m / sec can be determined.

Aus der britischen Patentschrift 1 562 492 ist eine Anlage bekannt, bei der der aus einem Pyrolysereaktor gewonnene Pyrolysereststoff nach dem Zermahlen durch ein Sieb in einen gröberen Grobanteil (anorganische Stoffe wie Metalle, Keramik, Glas) und einen feineren Grobanteil (hoher Anteil kohlenstoff­haltiger Komponenten) getrennt wird. Aus dem gröberen Grob­anteil werden die Metalle abgeschieden. Der feinere Grobanteil wird zusammen mit Kohle in weiter zerkleinerter Form in einer Brennkammer verbrannt und auf diese Weise thermisch genutzt. Der Brennkammer wird auch das bei der Pyrolyse entstehende Schwelgas, aus dem in einem Kondensator zunächst Öle und Teere mit hohem Siedepunkt entfernt wurden, zugeleitet. Anzumerken ist hier, daß die Brennkammer in der bekannten Anlage der Feuerraum einer herkömmlichen Verbrennungsanlage für Kohle ist, und daß die Brennkammer Teil eines Dampferzeugers ist. Wegen der in einer solchen Anlage üblichen Kühlung der Brennkammerwände ist zu befürchten, daß Schadstoffe sowohl aus der Verbrennung des Pyrolysegases als auch aus der Verbrennung des Pyrolysereststoffes die verwendete Verbrennungsanlage zumindest teilweise passieren können und an die Umgebung (Luft, Sonderdeponien, Erde, Wasser) abgegeben werden. Das gilt beispielsweise für organische Schadstoffe, aber auch für Schwermetalloxide wie Cadmium-, Zink-, Quecksilber- und Thalliumoxid. Über die Verwendung der Brennkammer-Reststoffe ist in dieser Druckschrift nichts ausgesagt.From the British patent specification 1,562,492 a system is known in which the pyrolysis residue obtained from a pyrolysis reactor after grinding through a sieve into a coarser coarse fraction (inorganic substances such as metals, ceramics, glass) and a finer coarse fraction (high proportion of carbon-containing components) is separated. The metals are separated from the coarser coarse fraction. The finer coarse fraction is burned together with coal in a further comminuted form in a combustion chamber and is used thermally in this way. The carbonization gas produced during pyrolysis, from which oils and tars with a high boiling point were initially removed in a condenser, is also fed to the combustion chamber. It should be noted here that the combustion chamber in the known system is the combustion chamber of a conventional coal combustion system and that the combustion chamber is part of a steam generator. Because of the usual cooling in such a system Combustion chamber walls are to be feared that pollutants from the combustion of the pyrolysis gas as well as from the combustion of the pyrolysis residues can at least partially pass through the incineration plant used and be released into the environment (air, special landfills, earth, water). This applies, for example, to organic pollutants, but also to heavy metal oxides such as cadmium, zinc, mercury and thallium oxide. Nothing is said in this document about the use of the combustion chamber residues.

Ziel einer jeden Abfallentsorgung muß es sein, die Umwelt­belastung mit Schadstoffen, welcher Art auch immer, möglichst gering zu halten.The aim of any waste disposal must be to keep the environmental impact of pollutants of any kind as low as possible.

Diesem Stand der Technik gegenüber besteht die Aufgabe der Er­findung darin, die Beheizungseinrichtung der Schwelvorrichtung ganz oder weitgehend korrosionsfrei zu halten. Weiter soll die die Umwandlung von umweltschädlichen Gasen in solche mit ge­ringem Schadstoffgehalt ermöglicht werden. Dies soll mit kon­struktiv einfachen Mitteln erreicht werden.Compared to this prior art, the object of the invention is to keep the heating device of the carbonization device completely or largely free of corrosion. Furthermore, the conversion of environmentally harmful gases into those with a low pollutant content should be made possible. This is to be achieved with structurally simple means.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, daß die Brennkammer mit einer Nachbrennkammer versehen ist, daß das Heizgas für die Schwelvorrichtung im geschlossenen Kreislauf durch die Schwelvorrichtung und einen Wärmetauscher an der Nachbrennkammer geführt wird, daß die Nachbrennkammer innen­seitig mit einer Auskleidung versehen ist, die für eine Rauch­gastemperatur von 1200 °C oder darüber ausgelegt ist, und daß die Verweilzeit der Rauchgase in einer Verweilstrecke in der Brennkammer und der Nachbrennkammer 1 bis 5 sec beträgt. Die Verweilstrecke kann hierbei bis zu oder auch in den vom Wärme­tauscher gekühlten Bereich der Nachbrennkammer hineinreichen.To solve this problem it is provided according to the invention that the combustion chamber is provided with an afterburning chamber, that the heating gas for the smoldering device is passed in a closed circuit through the smoldering device and a heat exchanger on the afterburning chamber, that the afterburning chamber is provided on the inside with a lining which is suitable for a flue gas temperature of 1200 ° C or above is designed, and that the residence time of the flue gases in a residence zone in the combustion chamber and the afterburner chamber is 1 to 5 seconds. The retention zone can extend up to or into the area of the afterburning chamber cooled by the heat exchanger.

Eine erste bevorzugte Ausführungsform zeichnet sich dadurch aus, daß die Brennkammer und die Nachbrennkammer in einer geraden Linie ausgerichtet sind, und daß der Wärmetauscher am unteren Ende der Nachbrennkammer angeordnet ist.A first preferred embodiment is characterized in that the combustion chamber and the afterburning chamber are aligned in a straight line, and in that the heat exchanger is arranged at the lower end of the afterburning chamber.

Eine zweite bevorzugte Ausführungsform zeichnet sich dadurch aus, daß die Nachbrennkammer U-förmig ausgebildet ist und einen an die Brennkammer angeschlossenen ersten Schenkel und einen zweiten Schenkel aufweist, und daß der Wärmetauscher am zweiten Schenkel, vorzugsweise an dessen Ende, angeordnet ist.A second preferred embodiment is characterized in that the afterburning chamber is U-shaped and has a first leg and a second leg connected to the combustion chamber, and in that the heat exchanger is arranged on the second leg, preferably at the end thereof.

In beiden Ausführungsformen liegt die Verweilstrecke in der Nach­brennkammer, und zwar jeweils - in Strömungsrichtung der Rauch­gase gesehen - vor dem Wärmetauscher.In both embodiments, the residence zone lies in the afterburning chamber, in each case - in the direction of flow of the flue gases - in front of the heat exchanger.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind den Unteransprüchen zu entnehmen.Further advantageous refinements can be found in the subclaims.

Die erfindungsgemäße Anlage gewährleistet, daß die in die Nach­brennkammer mit einer Temperatur von über 1200° C, z. B. von ca. 1400° C eintretenden schadstoffbeladenen Gase bei einer Verweilzeit von 1 - 5 sec, vorzugsweise von 2 sec, bei einer Temperatur von 1200 °C und darüber gehalten werden. Während dieser Verweilzeit werden die hochmolekularen organischen Schadgasinhaltstoffe in niedermolekulare Gasbestandteile auf­gespalten. Weiterhin ergibt sich der Vorteil, daß die dem Rauchgas der Nachbrennkammer entzogene Wärme dem Schwelvorgang dadurch zugute kommt, daß das Heizgas der Schwelvorrichtung in der Nachbrennkammer erwärmt wird. Dies erfolgt in einem ge­schlossenen Kreislauf zwischen der Schwelvorrichtung und dem Wärmetauscher der Nachbrennkammer, so daß eine Korrosion in den heizgasberührten Teilen dieses Kreislaufs vermieden wird.The system according to the invention ensures that the in the afterburning chamber with a temperature of over 1200 ° C, for. B. from about 1400 ° C entering pollutant-laden gases with a residence time of 1 - 5 sec, preferably 2 sec, at a temperature of 1200 ° C and above. During this dwell time, the high-molecular organic harmful gas constituents are broken down into low-molecular gas components. Furthermore, there is the advantage that the heat extracted from the flue gas of the afterburning chamber benefits the smoldering process in that the heating gas of the smoldering device is heated in the afterburning chamber. This takes place in a closed circuit between the smoldering device and the heat exchanger of the afterburning chamber, so that corrosion in the parts of this circuit in contact with the heating gas is avoided.

Ausführungsbeispiele der erfindungsgemäßen Anlage sind in zwei Figuren dargestellt, und zwar zeigt

  • Fig. 1 die Zuordnung einer Schwelvorrichtung zu einer Brenn­kammer mit Nachbrennkammer in geradliniger Anordnung und
  • Fig. 2 die Zuordnung bei U-förmiger Nachbrennkammer.
Embodiments of the system according to the invention are shown in two figures, and that shows
  • Fig. 1, the assignment of a smoldering device to a combustion chamber with afterburner in a straight line and
  • Fig. 2 shows the assignment with a U-shaped afterburner.

Im Beispiel nach Fig. 1 dient als Pyrolysereaktor oder Schwel­vorrichtung 1 eine Schweltrommel, der das zu verschwelende Gut (Abfall) G über eine Schnecke 2 zugeführt wird. Das verschwelte Gut, nämlich Schwelgas s und fester Pyrolysereststoff r, ver­läßt in Richtung des Pfeils 3 die Schweltrommel l über eine Austragsvorrichtung 3A. Das für den Schwelvorgang benötigte Heizgas h gelangt über eine Zuführung 4 in die Trommel 1, und es wird von dort über einen Abzug 5 abgeführt.In the example according to FIG. 1, a carbonization drum serves as the pyrolysis reactor or carbonization device 1, and the material (waste) G to be carbonized is fed via a screw 2. The smoldered material, namely carbonization gas s and solid pyrolysis residue r, leaves the carbonization drum 1 in the direction of arrow 3 via a discharge device 3A. The heating gas h required for the smoldering process passes into the drum 1 via a feed 4, and is discharged from there via a discharge 5.

Der Schwelvorrichtung 1 samt Austragsvorrichtung 3A ist über Leitungen 3R, 3S eine Haupt- oder Hochtemperatur-Brennkammer 18 zugeordnet, die vorzugsweise stehend angeordnet ist. Ihr Bren­ner ist mit dem Schwelgas s und zusätzlich mit dem in einer Reststoffaufbereitungsanlage 26 zerkleinerten, von einer Schnecke 27 ausgetragenen Pyrolysereststoff r beaufschlagt. Ei­ne zugehörige Nachbrennkammer, die mit 8 bezeichnet ist, ist geradlinig darunter angeordnet. In die Nachbrennkammer 8 ge­langen die schadstoffbeladenen Rauchgase vorwiegend aus der Hochtemperatur-Brennkammer 18 (alternativ: aus anderer Quelle) in Richtung des Pfeiles 9. Sie verlassen die Nachbrennkammer 8 durch einen Stutzen 10 in Richtung des Pfeiles 11. Dem Stutzen 10 ist ein Abhitzedampferzeuger 30 und diesem ein Rauchgasfil­ter 32 und eine (nicht gezeigte) Rauchgasreinigungsanlage nach­geordnet. An beiden Anlagen 30, 32 kann Flugstaub abgenommen werden, was durch Pfeile 34 bzw. 36 gekennzeichnet ist. Die Nachbrennkammer 8 ist am unteren Ende mit einem Schlackenaus­lauf oder Austrag 40 zum selbsttätigen Ablauf schmelzflüssiger Schlacke versehen. Die Schlacke wird in ein Wasserbad 42 ge­leitet, wo sie zu einer glasartigen Substanz erstarrt.A main or high-temperature combustion chamber 18, which is preferably arranged upright, is assigned to the smoldering device 1 together with the discharge device 3A via lines 3R, 3S. Your burner is charged with the carbonization gas s and additionally with the pyrolysis residue r comminuted in a residue preparation plant 26 and discharged by a screw 27. An associated afterburning chamber, designated 8, is arranged in a straight line below it. The pollutant-laden flue gases predominantly enter the afterburning chamber 8 from the high-temperature combustion chamber 18 (alternatively: from another source) in the direction of the arrow 9. They leave the afterburning chamber 8 through a nozzle 10 in the direction of the arrow 11. The heat exchanger 10 is a heat recovery steam generator 30 and this is followed by a flue gas filter 32 and a flue gas cleaning system (not shown). Airborne dust can be removed from both systems 30, 32, which is indicated by arrows 34 and 36, respectively. The afterburning chamber 8 is provided at the lower end with a slag discharge or discharge 40 for the automatic discharge of molten slag. The slag is passed into a water bath 42, where it solidifies into a glass-like substance.

Am unteren Bereich der Nachbrennkammer 8 ist ein mit der all­gemeinen Bezugsziffer 12 versehener Wärmetauscher angeordnet. In diesen mündet eine Leitung 7a, die aus dem Abzug 5 über ei­ne Leitung 7 gespeist wird. Sie führt dem Wärmetauscher 12 über den oberen Zuleitungs-Stutzen 22 aus dem Heizgasabzug 5 der Schwelvorrichtung 1 kommendes Heizgas h, vorzugsweise Luft, ein Inertgas oder dergleichen, zu. Dieses Heizgas h wird aus dem unteren Ableitungs-Stutzen 23 unter der Wirkung eines Gebläses 28 über Leitungen 6 und 6a wieder dem Eingang der Schweltrommel 1 zugeführt. Somit ist ein geschlossener Kreislauf über die Schwelvorrichtung 1, die Leitungen 7 und 7a, dem Wärmetauscher 12 und die Leitungen 6a und 6 gegeben. Hierdurch kann die Korro­sionsanfälligkeit der genannten heizgasberührten Teile klein gehalten werden.A heat exchanger provided with the general reference number 12 is arranged at the lower region of the afterburning chamber 8. In this a line 7a opens, which is fed from the trigger 5 via a line 7. It feeds the heat exchanger 12, preferably air, an inert gas or the like, to the heat exchanger 12 via the upper feed pipe 22 from the heating gas outlet 5 of the smoldering device 1. This heating gas h is fed from the lower discharge pipe 23 under the action of a blower 28 via lines 6 and 6a back to the entrance of the smoldering drum 1. A closed circuit is thus provided via the carbonization device 1, the lines 7 and 7a, the heat exchanger 12 and the lines 6a and 6. As a result, the susceptibility to corrosion of the parts in contact with the hot gas mentioned can be kept low.

Die Rauchgase treten in Richtung des Pfeiles 9 mit einer Tempe­ratur von über 1200° C, z. B. mit ca. 1400° C, in den oberen Abschnitt 8a der Nachbrennkammer 8 ein. Sie haben eine niedri­ge Strömungsgeschwindigkeit, z. B. von etwa 2 - 4 m/sec, so daß bei Berücksichtigung des Durchmessers der Nachbrennkammer 8 eine Verweilzeit der Gase in der Nachbrennkammer 8 von 1 bis 5 sec, vorzugsweise von 2 sec, gegeben ist, bevor eine Abkühlung auf oder unter 1200 °C erfolgt. Die entsprechende Verweil­strecke ist mit S bezeichnet. Die Länge L bzw. Höhe der Nach­brennkammer 8 ist hier derart gewählt, daß bei der gegebenen Geschwindigkeit der Gase in der Nachbrennkammer 8 die genannte Verweilzeit von 1 bis 5 sec vor dem Eintritt in den Wärmetau­scher 12 gewährleistet ist. Hierbei ist es gleichgültig, ob dann später im Wärmetauscher 12 die Temperatur des Gases auf 1200 °C oder weniger herabgesunken ist; wesentlich ist nur, daß die Verweilzeit von 1 bis 5 sec bei ca. 1200° C eingehalten wird. Dies bedeutet, daß die Länge L des Wärmetauschers 8 ei­nerseits und die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit der Gase innerhalb desselben andererseits so gewählt werden, daß die vorstehend genannten Parameter (Verweilzeit und Temperatur) eingehalten werden.The flue gases occur in the direction of arrow 9 with a temperature of over 1200 ° C, for. B. at about 1400 ° C, in the upper section 8a of the afterburner 8. They have a low flow rate, e.g. B. of about 2-4 m / sec, so that taking into account the diameter of the afterburning chamber 8, a residence time of the gases in the afterburning chamber 8 of 1 to 5 seconds, preferably of 2 seconds, is given before cooling to or below 1200 ° C is done. The corresponding dwell is designated S. The length L or height of the afterburning chamber 8 is chosen here in such a way that given the speed of the gases in the afterburning chamber 8, the above-mentioned dwell time of 1 to 5 seconds before entry into the heat exchanger 12 is ensured. It is immaterial whether the temperature of the gas in the heat exchanger 12 has subsequently dropped to 1200 ° C. or less; it is only important that the residence time of 1 to 5 seconds is maintained at approx. 1200 ° C. This means that the length L of the heat exchanger 8, on the one hand, and the flow velocity of the gases within the same, on the other hand, are selected so that the above-mentioned parameters (residence time and temperature) are observed.

Sinkt die Rauchgastemperatur außerhalb der Verweilstrecke S auf unter 1000° C, so tritt ein "Einfrieren" der Schlacketropfen auf. Wegen der senkrechten, gradlinigen Anordnung ist aber auch dann kein "Anbacken" an den Innenwänden der Nachbrennkammer 8 zu befürchten. Schlacke tropft von der Tropfkante am Ende der Brennkammer 18 frei über den Austrag 40 in das Wasserbad 42. Als Vorteil ist auch anzusehen, daß Schlacke und Gasströmungs­richtung in der Nachbrennkammer 8 gleich sind.If the flue gas temperature outside the residence zone S drops to below 1000 ° C, the slag drops "freeze". Because of the vertical, straight-line arrangement, there is also no fear of "caking" on the inner walls of the afterburning chamber 8. Slag drips freely from the drip edge at the end of the combustion chamber 18 via the discharge 40 into the water bath 42. Another advantage is that the slag and gas flow direction in the afterburning chamber 8 are the same.

Zur Kontrolle der Temperaturführung in den einzelnen Bereichen der Nachbrennkammer 8 können Temperaturmeßeinrichtungen 14 vorgesehen werden, von denen nur die unterste Temperaturmeßein­richtung 14b im unteren Abschnitt 8b der Nachbrennkammer 8 ge­zeigt ist.To control the temperature control in the individual areas of the afterburning chamber 8, temperature measuring devices 14 can be provided, of which only the lowest temperature measuring device 14b is shown in the lower section 8b of the afterburning chamber 8.

Der Wärmetauscher 12 selbst kann als zylindrisches Ringteil mit einer Außenwand 15 sowie einer Innenwand 16 ausgebildet sein, wobei die Innenwand 16 eine den Innenraum bildende Auskleidung 17 besitzt.The heat exchanger 12 itself can be designed as a cylindrical ring part with an outer wall 15 and an inner wall 16, the inner wall 16 having a lining 17 forming the interior.

Da die Temperatur der Gase aus der Brennkammer 18, die in Rich­tung des Pfeiles 9 in die Nachbrennkammer 8 strömen, unterschied­lich ausfallen kann, und da bei bestimmter Strömungsgeschwin­digkeit die gewünschte Verweilzeit in der Nachbrennkammer 8, und zwar bis zum oder bis in den Bereich des Wärmeaustauschers 12, einzuhalten ist, ist zwischen den beiden Leitungen 6 und 7, beispielsweise in Nähe der Nachbrennkammer 8, eine Bypassleitung 19 mit einem Steuerventil 20 vorgesehen. Dies steht vorzugswei­se über eine Steuerleitung 21 mit einer Temperaturmeßeinrichtung 14t in Verbindung. Über den Bypaß 19 und das Ventil 20 wird der Energiebedarf des Pyrolysereaktors 1 geregelt. Läßt die Tempe­raturmeßeinrichtung 14t erkennen, daß in der Zuführung 4 die vorgegebene Temperatur unterschritten wird, so steuert das Ven­til 20 einen Teil des z. B. auf etwa 750° C liegenden inerten Kreislauf-Heizgases h des Leitungsteils 6a über die Bypasslei­ tung 19 in den Leitungsteil 7a und den Stutzen 22 des Wärmetau­schers 12. Dieser Teil mischt sich mit den über die Leitung 6 mit einer Temperatur von etwa 250° C ankommenden Heizgasen der Schwelvorrichtung 1. Das Rauchgas verläßt die Nachbrennkammer 8 über den Stutzen 10; es wird in dem nachgeschalteten Abhitze­dampferzeuger 30 thermisch genutzt.Since the temperature of the gases from the combustion chamber 18, which flow in the direction of arrow 9 into the afterburning chamber 8, can be different, and since the desired dwell time in the afterburning chamber 8 at a certain flow rate, up to or in the region of the heat exchanger 12, is to be observed, a bypass line 19 with a control valve 20 is provided between the two lines 6 and 7, for example in the vicinity of the afterburning chamber 8. This is preferably connected via a control line 21 to a temperature measuring device 14t. The energy requirement of the pyrolysis reactor 1 is regulated via the bypass 19 and the valve 20. If the temperature measuring device 14t recognizes that the temperature falls below the predetermined temperature in the feed 4, the valve 20 controls part of the z. B. at about 750 ° C lying inert circuit heating gas h of the line part 6a via the bypass line device 19 in the line part 7a and the nozzle 22 of the heat exchanger 12. This part mixes with the heating gases of the smoldering device 1 arriving via line 6 at a temperature of about 250 ° C. The flue gas leaves the afterburning chamber 8 via the nozzle 10; it is used thermally in the downstream heat recovery steam generator 30.

Die geradlinige Anordnung der Brennkammer 18 und der Nachbrenn­kammer 8 kann von Nachteil sein, wenn es auf eine geringe Bauhöhe ankommt. In diesem Fall kann eine U-förmig gestaltete Nachbrennkammer 8 verwendet werden, wie aus Fig. 2 hervorgeht. Gleiche Bauteile sind mit denselben Bezugszeichen belegt wie in Fig. 1. In diesem Fall ist der erste Schenkel 8a der Nachbrenn­kammer 8 geradlinig mit der Hauptbrennkammer 18 verbunden. Der Wärmetauscher 12, der wieder zylindrisch ausgeführt sein kann, ist am zweiten Schenkel 8b, beispielsweise an dessen Ende, angeordnet. Zwischen den Schenkeln 8a, 8b liegt am tiefsten Punkt der Austrag 40 für die schmelzflüssige Schlacke. Auch bei der in Fig. 2 gezeigten Ausführungsform ergibt sich der Vor­teil, daß innerhalb des Wärmetauschers 12 die Rauchgase auf z.B. 900 bis 1200 °C abgekühlt werden können, ohne daß dies nachteilige Folgen für die Verweilstrecke S am Eingang hätte.The straight line arrangement of the combustion chamber 18 and the afterburning chamber 8 can be disadvantageous if a low overall height is important. In this case, a U-shaped post-combustion chamber 8 can be used, as can be seen from FIG. 2. The same components are given the same reference numerals as in FIG. 1. In this case, the first leg 8a of the afterburning chamber 8 is connected in a straight line to the main combustion chamber 18. The heat exchanger 12, which can again be cylindrical, is arranged on the second leg 8b, for example at the end thereof. The discharge 40 for the molten slag lies at the lowest point between the legs 8a, 8b. Also in the embodiment shown in Fig. 2 there is the advantage that within the heat exchanger 12 the flue gases on e.g. 900 to 1200 ° C can be cooled without this having adverse consequences for the dwell S at the entrance.

Claims (6)

1. Anlage zur Entsorgung von Abfallstoffen mit einer Schwel­vorrichtung und einer Brennkammer,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Brenn­kammer (18) mit einer Nachbrennkammer (8) versehen ist, daß das Heizgas (h) für die Schwelvorrichtung (1) im geschlossenen Kreislauf durch die Schwelvorrichtung (1) und einen Wärmetauscher (12) an der Nachbrennkammer (8) geführt wird, daß die Nachbrennkammer (8) innenseitig mit einer Auskleidung (17) versehen ist, die für eine Rauchgastemperatur von 1200 °C oder darüber ausgelegt ist, und daß die Verweilzeit der Rauchgase in einer Verweilstrecke (S) in der Brennkammer (18) und der Nach­brennkammer (8) 1 bis 5 sec beträgt.1. Plant for the disposal of waste materials with a smoldering device and a combustion chamber,
characterized in that the combustion chamber (18) is provided with an afterburning chamber (8), that the heating gas (h) for the smoldering device (1) in a closed circuit through the smoldering device (1) and a heat exchanger (12) on the afterburning chamber (8 ) is performed that the afterburner (8) is provided on the inside with a lining (17) which is designed for a flue gas temperature of 1200 ° C or above, and that the residence time of the flue gases in a residence zone (S) in the combustion chamber (18 ) and the afterburner (8) is 1 to 5 seconds. 2. Anlage nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Wärme­tauscher (12) in die Wand der Nachbrennkammer (8) integriert ist.2. Plant according to claim 1,
characterized in that the heat exchanger (12) is integrated in the wall of the afterburning chamber (8). 3. Anlage nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Wärme­tauscher (12) eine obere Zu- und eine untere Ableitung (22, 23) für das Heizgas (h) aufweist.3. Plant according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that the heat exchanger (12) has an upper inlet and a lower outlet (22, 23) for the heating gas (h). 4. Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Brenn­kammer (18) und die Nachbrennkammer (8) in einer geraden Linie ausgerichtet sind, und daß der Wärmetauscher (12) am unteren Ende der Nachbrennkammer (8) angeordnet ist (Fig. 1).4. Plant according to one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized in that the combustion chamber (18) and the afterburning chamber (8) are aligned in a straight line, and in that the heat exchanger (12) is arranged at the lower end of the afterburning chamber (8) (Fig. 1). 5. Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Nach­brennkammer (8) U-förmig ausgebildet ist und einen an die Brennkammer (18) angeschlossenen ersten Schenkel (8a) und einen zweiten Schenkel (8b) aufweist, und daß der Wärmetauscher (12) im zweiten Schenkel (8b), vorzugsweise an dessen Ende, ange­ordnet ist (Fig. 2).5. Plant according to one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized in that the afterburning chamber (8) is U-shaped and has a first leg (8a) connected to the combustion chamber (18) and one has second leg (8b), and that the heat exchanger (12) in the second leg (8b), preferably at the end, is arranged (Fig. 2). 6. Anlage naach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Nach­brennkammer (8) am unteren Teil mit einem Austrag (40) für den selbsttätigen Ablauf schmelzflüssiger Schlacke versehen ist.6. Plant according to one of claims 1 to 5,
characterized in that the afterburning chamber (8) is provided on the lower part with a discharge (40) for the automatic drainage of molten slag.
EP89107049A 1988-05-04 1989-04-19 Plant for the disposal of waste materials Expired - Lifetime EP0340537B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89107049T ATE68814T1 (en) 1988-05-04 1989-04-19 WASTE DISPOSAL PLANT.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3815186 1988-05-04
DE3815186 1988-05-04

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EP0340537A1 true EP0340537A1 (en) 1989-11-08
EP0340537B1 EP0340537B1 (en) 1991-10-23

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EP (1) EP0340537B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE68814T1 (en)
DE (1) DE58900393D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2026712T3 (en)
GR (1) GR3003521T3 (en)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0326817A2 (en) * 1988-02-03 1989-08-09 Man Gutehoffnungshütte Gmbh Installation for carbonizing waste
DE4100859A1 (en) * 1990-07-25 1992-02-06 Siemens Ag Disposal plant for domestic, industrial, chemical and other waste - includes low temp. carbonisation arrangement and has heat exchanger unaffected by slag
EP0495766A2 (en) * 1991-01-14 1992-07-22 TBR Gesellschaft f. techn. Bodenreinigung Ges.m.b.H. Method for the utilization of residual material from pyrolysis and of pyrolysis gas
EP0498257A2 (en) * 1991-02-07 1992-08-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Process and apparatus for the heating of a carbonization rotary kiln
DE4107200A1 (en) * 1991-03-06 1992-09-10 Siemens Ag Thermal redn. of industrial waste - by removing organic and inorganic material using low temp. distn. reactor, and treating waste material of low heat value
DE4104507A1 (en) * 1991-02-14 1992-10-15 Elsner Emil Dr Ing Fuel gas and metal recovery from pyrolysis char - by combustion in shaft furnace in which carbon@ and aluminium@ are burned in oxygen@
WO1996036472A1 (en) * 1995-05-15 1996-11-21 'robentec' Company Limited Method of reprocessing rubber waste materials
US5935387A (en) * 1992-02-17 1999-08-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method and device for heating a low temperature carbonization drum and low temperature carbonization/combustion plant having the device
CN112762459A (en) * 2020-12-22 2021-05-07 无锡市阳泰环境科技有限公司 Device and method for eliminating dioxin in fly ash

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GB1562492A (en) * 1976-08-02 1980-03-12 Foster Wheeler Power Prod Pyrolysis of waste
DE3039469A1 (en) * 1980-10-18 1982-05-27 Heinz Dipl.-Ing. 4390 Gladbeck Hölter Generation of heat from rock lumps with coal inclusions - by softening in shaft furnace, crushing, and combusting in fluidised bed
US4395958A (en) * 1981-12-21 1983-08-02 Industronics, Inc. Incineration system
DE3400976A1 (en) * 1984-01-13 1985-08-01 Saarberg-Hölter-Umwelttechnik GmbH, 6600 Saarbrücken Energy system for environmentally friendly refuse degassing or coal-refuse degassing with following fluidised bed furnace and integrated low temperature carbonisation gas combustion chamber and heat exchanger

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1562492A (en) * 1976-08-02 1980-03-12 Foster Wheeler Power Prod Pyrolysis of waste
DE3039469A1 (en) * 1980-10-18 1982-05-27 Heinz Dipl.-Ing. 4390 Gladbeck Hölter Generation of heat from rock lumps with coal inclusions - by softening in shaft furnace, crushing, and combusting in fluidised bed
US4395958A (en) * 1981-12-21 1983-08-02 Industronics, Inc. Incineration system
DE3400976A1 (en) * 1984-01-13 1985-08-01 Saarberg-Hölter-Umwelttechnik GmbH, 6600 Saarbrücken Energy system for environmentally friendly refuse degassing or coal-refuse degassing with following fluidised bed furnace and integrated low temperature carbonisation gas combustion chamber and heat exchanger

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0326817A2 (en) * 1988-02-03 1989-08-09 Man Gutehoffnungshütte Gmbh Installation for carbonizing waste
EP0326817A3 (en) * 1988-02-03 1990-06-27 Man Gutehoffnungshutte Gmbh Installation for carbonizing waste
DE4100859A1 (en) * 1990-07-25 1992-02-06 Siemens Ag Disposal plant for domestic, industrial, chemical and other waste - includes low temp. carbonisation arrangement and has heat exchanger unaffected by slag
EP0495766A3 (en) * 1991-01-14 1992-12-23 Tbr Gesellschaft F. Techn. Bodenreinigung Ges.M.B.H. Method for the utilization of residual material from pyrolysis and of pyrolysis gas
EP0495766A2 (en) * 1991-01-14 1992-07-22 TBR Gesellschaft f. techn. Bodenreinigung Ges.m.b.H. Method for the utilization of residual material from pyrolysis and of pyrolysis gas
EP0498257A2 (en) * 1991-02-07 1992-08-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Process and apparatus for the heating of a carbonization rotary kiln
DE4103605A1 (en) * 1991-02-07 1992-08-13 Siemens Ag METHOD AND DEVICE FOR HEATING A SCHWELT DRUM
EP0498257A3 (en) * 1991-02-07 1992-10-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Process and apparatus for the heating of a carbonization rotary kiln
US5318672A (en) * 1991-02-07 1994-06-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method and apparatus for heating a low-temperature-carbonization drum
DE4104507A1 (en) * 1991-02-14 1992-10-15 Elsner Emil Dr Ing Fuel gas and metal recovery from pyrolysis char - by combustion in shaft furnace in which carbon@ and aluminium@ are burned in oxygen@
DE4107200A1 (en) * 1991-03-06 1992-09-10 Siemens Ag Thermal redn. of industrial waste - by removing organic and inorganic material using low temp. distn. reactor, and treating waste material of low heat value
US5935387A (en) * 1992-02-17 1999-08-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method and device for heating a low temperature carbonization drum and low temperature carbonization/combustion plant having the device
WO1996036472A1 (en) * 1995-05-15 1996-11-21 'robentec' Company Limited Method of reprocessing rubber waste materials
CN112762459A (en) * 2020-12-22 2021-05-07 无锡市阳泰环境科技有限公司 Device and method for eliminating dioxin in fly ash
CN112762459B (en) * 2020-12-22 2023-05-23 无锡市阳泰环境科技有限公司 Device and method for eliminating dioxin in fly ash

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2026712T3 (en) 1992-05-01
GR3003521T3 (en) 1993-03-16
ATE68814T1 (en) 1991-11-15
DE58900393D1 (en) 1991-11-28
EP0340537B1 (en) 1991-10-23

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